Search

The objective of this review is to study the relationship between food insecurity (FI) and malnutrition in schoolchildren from low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). The review was conducted using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS and SCiELO during the months of March to April 2022 without language or publication date restrictions. The search strategy consisted of combinations of text words and controlled vocabulary (MeSH terms and DeCS) related to "schoolchildren", "low- and middle-income countries" and "food insecurity". Fifteen studies were included in this review. Studies assessing FI and undernutrition in LMIC schoolchildren have indicated that FI is associated with lower height-for-age and higher prevalence of undernutrition overall. Only two studies identified a positive risk association between FI and overweight and obesity, the remaining studies suggested that schoolchildren with FI have a lower risk of overweight and obesity than those without FI. The review suggests a link between FI and undernutrition in schoolchildren from LMIC, with controversial results on overweight and obesity. Comprehensive public health policies should consider contextual and population-specific factors in addressing FI's impact on nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the importance of the Research Ethics Committees (CEP) in the context of the Brazilian North Region, formed by the Amazon rainforest, which is occupied by traditional populations and those constituted by migratory currents. This study aims to analyze the bioethical implications arising from the activities of CEPs in the ethical evaluation of research projects and their essential role in protecting vulnerable populations. The authors seek to highlight the importance of ethics committees in the Amazon and their importance face the modern bioethical values that can contribute to the preservation of one of the most valuable and diverse environments on earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify sociodemographic and health factors among those who required benefits associated with the voluntary termination of pregnancy (IVE). Materials and methods. Retrospective cross-sectional design from official records by health centers between 2018-2020. Analysis with descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models. Results. Association between IVE and cause of rape vs. the risk of the life of the woman (aPR [adjusted prevalence ratio]=1.16 [95%CI: 1.11,1.21]); Fonasa level A (Fondo Nacional de Salud) (aPR=0.79 [95%CI: 0.67,0.93]), B (aPR= 0.79 [95%CI: 0.67,0.93]) and C vs. Isapre (Institución de Salud Previsional) (aPR= 0.73 [95%CI: 0.58,0.93]). As the level of care increases, from primary to tertiary level, the probability of terminating the pregnancy would increase (aOR [adjusted odds ratio]= 0.59 [95%CI: 0.36,0.99]; aOR= 0.58 [95%CI: 0.35,0.96]). Conclusion. National IVE estimates are provided. It highlights that different socio-sanitary determinants are essential to consider promoting guidelines and health policies to promote sexual and reproductive rights and reproductive autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica de Risaralda is the property of Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualización en Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vulnerability is a concept widely used in the social sciences literature, and incorporated into the health field with the development of bioethics, and the model of social determinants of health. It has been described by experts as a complex concept, and very useful for addressing populations susceptible to illness. This ethically obliges nursing to identify these groups and respond to their care needs. Goal. To review the literature to analyze the intersections in the conceptual relationship between vulnerability and care, from a nursing perspective. Methodology. An integrative review of the literature was carried out based on the systematization proposed by Whittemore and Knafl. Literature from the last five years available in the Wos®, Scopus® and PubMed® databases was considered. The keywords “vulnerability” and “care” were used in the search strategy. Results. 18 articles were selected, coinciding with countries with health models with a social focus, such as Canada and Brazil. In the analysis, five themes were identified and described in which vulnerability and care intersect; ontological, epidemiological, social and bioethical paradigm, and the association between vulnerability and care needs. conclusions. The literature reports the close relationship between vulnerability and care, given that the nature of professional nursing care is the socially organized response to human vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Las desigualdades amenazan el progreso del país hacia la equidad y la cobertura de vacunación infantil. Siendo la cobertura inferior a la meta del 90% de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Objetivo: Identificar los determinantes sociales y las desigualdades en el estado de vacunación infantil en República Dominicana, 2019. Métodos: Se realiza un análisis basado en la Encuesta de Indicadores Múltiples por Conglomerados. Incluyendo una muestra ponderada de 1674 niños de 12-23 meses. Se calcula la regresión logística multinomial para identificar factores asociados a la vacunación. Adoptando p

RESUMEN Introducción. Las minorías sexuales y de género tienen una historia de larga data de discriminación y abuso dentro de la investigación, tales como castración involuntaria, inyecciones hormonales, terapias conductuales, tratamientos de choque e institucionalización, revelando la necesidad de conocer los resguardos éticos que se deben considerar. El objetivo del artículo es identificar las consideraciones éticas involucradas en el desarrollo de investigación en minorías sexuales y de género. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión integrativa, consultando las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Scopus; se revisaron 258 artículos en extenso, seleccionando 14 de acuerdo con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: artículos en español e inglés publicados desde el 2017 hasta junio del 2022, que declaren aspectos éticos en la investigación con minorías sexuales y de género. Los criterios de exclusión correspondieron a cartas al director, editoriales, capítulos de libros, tesis, conferencias y ensayos. Resultados. Las consideraciones fueron agrupadas en preparación de la investigación y aprobación del comité de ética; recogida de datos; análisis y presentación de los resultados; consideraciones en autores y académicos transgéneros. Discusión. La comunidad científica coincide en la necesidad de considerar la vulnerabilidad de la población de las lesbianas, homosexuales, bisexuales, transgéneros, queer y personas con otras identidades y orientaciones de género, tributando a estudios que contemplen sus singularidades. Conclusión. Se reitera la importancia de considerar a la población de minorías sexuales y de género, la utilización de muestras representativas, el resguardo del anonimato y el empleo de un lenguaje inclusivo. Palabras clave: Minorías Sexuales y de Género; Ética; Investigación; Investigación en Enfermería; Poblaciones vulnerables ABSTRACT Introduction. Sexual and gender minorities have a long history of discrimination and abuse within research, with practices such as involuntary castration, hormone injections, behavioral therapies, shock treatments, and institutionalization. This discrimination and abuse reveal the need to understand the ethical safeguards involved when conducting research that includes this population. This article aims to identify the ethical considerations that must be considered when developing research involving sexual and gender minorities. Methods. An integrative review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, resulting in 258 fulllength articles. From these, 14 articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria: articles published in Spanish or English between 2017 and June 2022 that addressed ethical aspects in research involving sexual and gender minorities. Exclusion criteria included letters to the editor, editorials, book chapters, theses, conferences, and essays. Results. The considerations were grouped into research preparation and ethics committee approval, data collection, analysis and presentation of results, and considerations regarding transgender authors and academics. Discussion. The scientific community acknowledges the importance of recognizing the vulnerability of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other gender identity and sexual-oriented populations. This recognition is crucial for supporting research that adequately addresses their unique characteristics and needs. Conclusion. The importance of acknowledging the population of sexual and gender minorities is emphasized, along with the use of representative samples, ensuring anonymity, and employing inclusive language. Keywords: Sexual and Gender Minorities; Ethics; Research; Nursing Research; Vulnerable Populations RESUMO Introdução. As minorias sexuais e de género têm uma longa história de discriminação e abuso no ámbito da pesquisa, tais como castração involuntária, injeções hormonais, terapias comportamentais, tratamentos de choque e institucionalização, revelando a necessidade de estar consciente das salvaguardas éticas que devem ser consideradas. O objetivo do artigo é identificar as considerações éticas envolvidas na realização de pesquisas sobre minorias sexuais e de gênero. Metodologia. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, consultando as bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus. Foram revisados na íntegra 258 artigos, selecionando 14 de acordo com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: artigos em espanhol e inglês publicados de 2017 a junho de 2022, que declarem aspectos éticos nas pesquisas com minorias sexuais e de gênero. Os critérios de exclusão corresponderam a cartas ao editor, editoriais, capítulos de livros, teses, conferências e ensaios. Resultados. As considerações foram agrupadas em preparação da pesquisa e aprovação do comitê de ética; coleta de dados; análise e apresentação de resultados; considerações em autores e acadêmicos transgêneros. Discussão. A comunidade científica concorda com a necessidade de considerar a vulnerabilidade da população lésbica, Homossexuais, bissexual, transgénero, queer e de pessoas com outras identidades e orientações de género, contribuindo para estudos que tenham em conta as suas singularidades. Conclusão. Reitera-se a importancia de considerar a população de minorias sexuais e de género, o uso de amostras representativas, a proteção do anonimato e o uso de linguagem inclusiva. Palavras-chave: Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero; Ética; Pesquisa; Pesquisa em Enfermagem; Populações Vulneráveis

The article "Ethical considerations in the development of research on sexual and gender minorities: An integrative review" highlights the importance of considering ethical aspects in research with sexual and gender minorities. 258 articles were reviewed and 14 were selected that met the inclusion criteria. The results revealed the need to consider research preparation, data collection, analysis and presentation of results, and considerations for transgender authors and academics. It is recommended to evaluate the risks and benefits of research without parental consent and to ensure the comfort of participants in studies involving biological samples. The importance of including transgender researchers in scientific events is also emphasized, as well as promoting inclusion and respect in the field of health. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Saberes Plurais is the property of Saberes Plurais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to compare the indicators of access to and use of health services by community elderly people according to different levels of social vulnerability. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out with 805 elderly people. A questionnaire from the National Household Sample Survey was used to measure indicators of access to and use of health services; and Social Vulnerability Index to assess social vulnerability. Results: elderly people living in areas of high/very high vulnerability had a higher proportion of negative outcomes in terms of bond with the service (p <0.001), access to medication (p <0.001) and access to the dentist (p < 0.001). Most elderly people living in more vulnerable areas used the health center (54.2%); most residents in low vulnerability areas sought private care (47.2%) (p <0.001). Conclusion: elderly people living in areas of greater social vulnerability had worse results related to indicators of access to health services, although they use the public service more often. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify and describe innovative initiatives implemented as a response to the interruption of health services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Methods. This was a descriptive study that reviewed 34 initiatives implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in LAC to address health services needs among deprioritized groups. The review of initiatives included four phases: a call for submissions of innovative initiatives from LAC countries; a selection of initiatives that had the ability to address health services gaps and that were innovative and effective; systematization and cataloging of the selected initiatives; and a content analysis of the information collected. Data were analyzed from September to October 2021. Results. The 34 initiatives show important variations regarding the target populations, the stakeholders involved, level of implementation, strategies, scope, and relevance of the innovative initiative. There was also evidence of the emergence of a bottom-up set of actions in the absence of top-down actions. Conclusion. The findings of this descriptive review of 34 initiatives implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in LAC suggest that systematizing the strategies and lessons learned has the potential to expand learning for re-establishing and improving post-pandemic health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to investigate the repercussions of period poverty for women and people who menstruate. Method: an integrative review of the literature, performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. The sample included complete articles, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and with a timeframe of seven years (2017-2023) to answer the guiding question: What are the repercussions of period poverty in the lives of women and people who menstruate? The inclusion of the articles was done by two independent reviewers and with consensus by a third party. Results: 15 articles were included and three main repercussions of period poverty were observed: school absenteeism, increased risk of genital tract infections and emotional repercussions. Final considerations: period poverty brings negative repercussions for women and people who menstruate, compromising physical, mental and social health, which is why the theme needs to be widely publicized and combated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Psicologia, Diversidade e Saúde is the property of Revista Psicologia, Diversidade e Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Implementation fidelity is a key dimension in process evaluation but has been scarcely studied. Reptes is a selective alcohol and cannabis use prevention program performed in vulnerable young people (16-21 years) from different educational and leisure settings. The study aimed to describe the components of this program, its implementation fidelity, and satisfaction among participants and facilitators. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Implementation fidelity was assessed in terms of adherence, dose, participant responsiveness, and quality of the intervention through self-reports completed by 15 facilitators and self-administered questionnaires by 99 youth from the 15 groups completing the program. Results: 70.7% of the groups performed 30 of the 43 planned activities with high use of various teaching methods, except for Information and Communication Technology resources. Fidelity implementation was above 70%. 2/3 groups completed an acceptable intervention and 1/3 completed a qualified intervention. Satisfaction was higher than 7. Conclusions: Our results show high implementation fidelity and satisfaction compared with those from similar studies. Resumen: Objetivo: La fidelidad en la implementación es una dimensión clave en el proceso de evaluación, pero ha sido escasamente estudiada. Reptes es un programa de prevención selectiva del consumo de alcohol y cánnabis dirigido a jóvenes vulnerables (16-21años) de diferentes espacios educativos y de ocio y tiempo libre. El estudio pretende describir los componentes de este programa, su fidelidad de implementación y la satisfacción de los/las participantes y los/las facilitadores/as. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. La fidelidad de implementación fue valorada en clave de adherencia, dosis, capacidad de respuesta de los/las participantes y calidad de la intervención a través de los informes autocumplimentados por los/las 15 facilitadores/as del programa y los cuestionarios autocompletados por los/las 99 jóvenes de los 15 grupos que completaron el programa. Resultados: El 70,7% de los grupos realizaron 30 de las 43 actividades planificadas, con un uso elevado de las estrategias de aprendizaje, excepto para los recursos basados en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. La fidelidad de implementación se situó por encima del 70%. Dos tercios de los grupos completaron una intervención aceptable y un tercio completó una intervención cualificada. La satisfacción se situó por encima de 7. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados muestran una alta fidelidad en la implementación y la satisfacción en comparación con estudios similares.

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS, according to its initials in Spanish) rethought new projects focused on the new needs of the population and social security organizations and institutions. The Institute, as a cornerstone in the search for the wellbeing of Mexicans, aligned with the National Development Plan and the Strategic Health for Wellbeing Program, sought to direct its transformation towards a preventive, resilient, comprehensive, innovative, sustainable, modern and accessible IMSS. For this reason, the Medical Services Director designed the PRIISMA Project, as the one that over the next three years could make possible to innovate and improve its medical care processes, starting with the recovery of medical services and identifying those groups of beneficiaries who experience the most vulnerable circumstances. The PRIISMA project consisted of five sub-projects: 1. Vulnerable groups; 2. Efficient and effective care; 3. Prevent IMSS plus; 4 IMSS University and 5. Recovery of medical services. The strategies of each project seek to improve medical care for all IMSS beneficiaries and users with a human rights perspective and by priority groups; the goal is reducing the gaps in access to health care, leaving no one behind and leaving no one out; and to surpass the goals for medical services provided before the pandemic. This document provides an overview of strategies and progress of the PRIISMA sub-projects achieved during 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is part of a documentary investigation into the medical records of adolescents who are serving a socio-educational measure of confinement in Goiás. Its objective is to explore data on schooling and professional experiences of adolescents, as well as their parents. The information present in the medical records indicates trajectories of discontinuity and age-grade distortion, with most adolescents out of school before committing an infraction. His professional experiences are marked by most of the insertion in the informal labor market. Although guaranteed by legislation, the universalization of basic education and the right to professional training are aspects that are weakened in the trajectory of adolescents who are in the socio-educational measure of internment and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The identification of spaces with high concentrations of people with risk factors for COVID-19, such as non-communicable diseases, allows more accurate decision-making in the work of facing the spread of the virus and safeguarding human lives.Objective: to analyze the vulnerable population distribution to COVID-19 according to the prevalence of non-communicable diseases.Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study, of a geographic-epidemiological nature, in the Cienfuegos province. The weighting of thematic maps of distribution of patients with prevalence of noncommunicable diseases was applied, in age groups from 25 to 59 and 60 years and over, using multi-criteria evaluation techniques in geographic information systems. Synthesis maps were prepared with the stratification of health areas in five degrees of population vulnerability to COVID-19.Results: the most vulnerable health areas were: “Cecilio Ruiz de Zárate”, from the Cienfuegos municipality in the aged group 25 to 59, and “Aracelio Rodríguez Iglesias”, from Cumanayagua, in the 60 years of age and more.Conclusion: the most vulnerable health areas were identified in the Cienfuegos municipalities of greater economic importance; especially in the Cienfuegos city, in the oldest part, more densely populated and with the greatest number of services, all of which implies an extra risk, since the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreads easily, live a greater number of vulnerable people to COVID-19.

Objective: To describe the perception of vulnerability to HIV and its associated factors among transgender women (TW) in Bogotá, Medellín and Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in which 620 TW participated. Sociodemographic aspects, sexual behavior, consumption of psychoactive substances and the perception of vulnerability to HIV were studied. We carried out a descriptive analysis, in which bivariate associations were evaluated using chi-square. We also conducted a multivariate analysis and built a model using Poisson regression. Results: Of the participants, 63% were 35 years old or younger, had low income, started sexual relations at an early age and worked mainly as sex workers, webcam models and hairdressers; 84.7% of the participants had received money in exchange for sex at some point. The perception of vulnerability to HIV increased among those who were single, worked in prostitution, had sexually transmitted infections in the last year, avoided preventive health services and consumed cocaine during the six months before this survey. Conclusion: The perception of vulnerability to HIV among the TW participants in this study is high; therefore, effective interventions are required to improve the living conditions and sexual behavior of this population.

Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad con impacto mundial, principalmente, en Brasil. La enfermedad posee una fuerte relación con condiciones socioeconómicas precarias, así como con fallas en las políticas públicas para combatir la enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir y analizar casos de TB en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, de 2010 a 2018. Material y métodos: se realizó una investigación retrospectiva de casos de TB a través de SINAN. Resultados: Se seleccionaron datos de sexo y edad, con 7336 casos de hombres y aproximadamente 1443 casos de mujeres. La tuberculosis es una enfermedad que afecta principalmente a personas con una edad económicamente activa, entre 20 y 59 años. Los pacientes con bacilos tienen más probabilidades de tener baja educación. La población carcelaria que tiene TB es significativa. Conclusión: los números de TB vienen exponencialmente. Brasil ha estado invirtiendo para diagnosticar y prevenir esta enfermedad. Por lo tanto, es importante discutir estrategias nuevas y más efectivas para el control de enfermedades en áreas urbanas e institutos de reclusión.

La Terapia Ocupacional social y política, en Colombia, es una realidad. Trascender el modelo de atención restaurativo, intramural y basado en el hacer individual, para continuar construyendo identidad profesional sobre contextos sociales cambiantes, permite enriquecer el abordaje de la ocupación humana como determinante histórico que puede condicionar la estructura misma de una sociedad. Las ocupaciones cobran relevancia como determinantes sociales, no solo desde el ámbito sanitario sino en su relación con el bienestar, los derechos y el ejercicio de la ciudadanía de las personas; los indicadores de equidad social; el fomento del capital social y del desarrollo humano. El desarrollo histórico de la Terapia Ocupacional brinda herramientas para comprender y ampliar esta perspectiva emergente y ligarla con una nueva visión donde los fenómenos políticos, sociales, económicos y culturales y sus consecuencias son multicausales y se manifiestan de diversas maneras en las personas, los grupos, los contextos y la ocupación.

Objetivo: Construir un índice general de vulnerabilidad del sector salud y un índice específico de vulnerabilidad en enfermedades neumológicas, que identifiquen a los municipios con menor capacidad de respuesta a la pandemia provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2.Materiales y métodos: Para generar los índices, nos basamos en tres componentes: la infraestructura y el personal disponible; la demanda sanitaria; el alcance del seguro social y de salud, todo ello mediante el método de descomposición de Shapley.Resultados: Los municipios que presentan una mayor capacidad de resiliencia ante la pandemia, en su mayoría son municipios capitales, dato que resalta la mala distribución espacial de los servicios sanitarios. Además, por las características socio económicas del país, los municipios de la región sur oeste (Oaxaca, Guerrero y Puebla); de la sierra Tarahumara (Chihuahua) y la Huasteca (San Luis de Potosí, Querétaro e Hidalgo) son los que presentan un alto índice de vulnerabilidad, al no contar con los recursos sanitarios suficientes y por tener una gran proporción de población sensible a la pandemia. Otro hallazgo importante es que, los municipios capitales, a pesar de contar con un número considerable de infraestructura hospitalaria y personal médico, poseen una alta densidad demográfica, lo que ocasiona que estén más expuestos al virus y por ende se encaminan a la saturación total de su sistema de salud; tal es el caso de municipios como Iztapalapa o Ecatepec que tras la segunda ola de pandemia rebasaron su capacidad hospitalaria.Conclusión: La vulnerabilidad del sector salud vista a través de los índices desarrollados, se agrava si se analiza la capacidad específica de atención a enfermedades respiratorias, en particular en los municipios de alta y media exposición a la pandemia por COVID-19, los hallazgos muestran la importancia de desarrollar políticas focalizadas de protección y mitigación de estos municipios

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en la atención en salud de mujeres con anormalidades citológicas con biopsia negativa para malignidad o cáncer de cuello uterino invasor no mayor a 2 meses, en los departamentos de La Guajira y Nariño, en Colombia, entre 2016 y 2017. Metodología: Se presenta el componente cualitativo de un estudio de métodos mixtos de triangulación convergente, a través de 10 entrevistas y 3 grupos focales. Participaron 9 mujeres con cáncer y 6 con anormalidades citológicas entre los 43 y 65 años de edad, 6 de ellas indígenas y 14 pertenecientes al régimen subsidiado. Resultados: Las participantes mencionaron experiencias negativas frente a la atención en salud, pues enfrentan múltiples barreras para acceder al diagnóstico y al tratamiento, como demora en la asignación y la autorización de citas, exámenes y procedimientos; el gasto de bolsillo para traslados a ciudades capitales donde se brinda el servicio; dificultades para encontrar acompañamiento familiar fuera de sus comunidades de origen y barreras idiomáticas en mujeres de comunidades indígenas. También se presentaron dificultades de comunicación efectiva con el personal de salud, lo que llevó a algunas participantes a no entender su diagnóstico o tratamiento, y a no sentirse escuchadas. La vivencia del cáncer generó sufrimiento, rechazo de personas de su entorno social y despersonalización. Conclusiones: Las barreras de diversa índole para el acceso oportuno al tratamiento se agudizan por características de base como la pobreza y la pertenencia a grupos étnicos, convirtiéndose la supervivencia en una lucha diaria, que va más allá de las características propias de la enfermedad.

Introduction: The riparians population is considered vulnerable to Sexually Transmitted Infections due to restrictions related to access to health, information and education. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of self-reported Sexually Transmitted Infections among the riparians population and associated sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Material and Method: Cross-sectional, analytical study, conducted with 250 riparians dwellers from João Pessoa, Paraiba state, from June to October 2019. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under opinion number 3,340,273. Results: The prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections was 20.8%. Male ribs (OR=3.27; CI95%:1.74-6.15), who reported sexual intercourse with sex workers (OR=6.54; CI95%:3.05-14.0) and illicit drug use (OR 2.13; CI95%:1.10-4.13) were more likely to develop sexually transmitted infection. Conclusions: High prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and presence of risk behaviors among riparians. Screening, early diagnosis and health education is essential for discontinuation of the transmission chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Build Social and Programmatic Vulnerability indices for older people living at home and verify the association of vulnerability components (individual, social and programmatic). Methods: It is a population based study, household and transversal survey type, conducted with 701 community older adults. Descriptive and bivariate exploratory spatial analysis was conducted (p= 0.05) as well as analysis of Main Components. Results: By means of the indices, it was observed that peripheral census tracts presented very high social vulnerability levels and that the main variables representative of the programmatic component - access to dentist via SUS, medications, and search of the same care location. It was verified that only 3.9% of the older adults did not present some level of vulnerability (individual, social and programmatic). Conclusion: Older adults are exposed to multiple vulnerability conditions, and Social and Programmatic Vulnerability indices are important tools for managers' decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental is the property of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado e Fundamental Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem is the property of Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jurídicas CUC is the property of Corporacion Universidad de la Costa, CUC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: el crecimiento urbano no planificado contribuyó al surgimiento de multitud de barrios marginales. La ciudad de Santa Clara no escapa de esta situación pues se construyeron viviendas en lugares no urbanizados ni autorizados, carentes de las condiciones necesarias para disminuir la vulnerabilidad ante los desastres.Objetivo: caracterizar las variables socio-demográficas y ambientales de una comunidad no urbanizada para esclarecer su vulnerabilidad ante los desastres. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional y descriptiva en la población suburbana del Consultorio Médico de la Familia 17-15, del Policlínico Universitario Chiqui Gómez Lubián de Santa Clara, que atiende la población aledaña a la planta de oxígeno al pasar la circunvalación hasta los límites con el matadero de aves, durante los meses de enero a diciembre de 2017. Resultados: se identificaron los aspectos socio-demográficos, epidemiológicos y ambientales de esta comunidad, los cuales determinaron su vulnerabilidad ante los desastres.Conclusiones: los aspectos identificados fueron de gran utilidad para trazar estrategias preventivas y educativas ante los desastres.

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud señala que tres millones de muertes al año por enfermedades cardiopulmonares están relacionadas con la exposición a la contaminación del aire. Objetivo. Estimar las superficies de concentración de partículas en suspensión de menos de 2,5 μm (Particulate Matter, PM2,5) en Bogotá entre el 2014 y el 2015, clasificándolas según las guías de calidad del aire de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para enfermedades cardiopulmonares. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio ecológico mediante técnicas geoestadísticas. Se calcularon los promedios de PM2,5 en lapsos de seis horas a lo largo del día en cuatro franjas horarias. Las concentraciones se clasificaron según los valores diarios y anuales de las guías de calidad del aire de la OMS. Resultados. La localidad de Kennedy presentó las mayores concentraciones de PM2,5 en todas las franjas horarias. Los valores registrados en esta zona y clasificados según las guías diarias y anuales de calidad del aire, evidenciaron que la localidad presentaría un incremento de 1,2 % en la mortalidad cardiopulmonar en el corto plazo y de 9 % en el largo plazo. Conclusión. Las franjas horarias de las 0:00 a las 6:00 h y de las 12:00 a las 18:00 h, cumplieron con el valor anual de las guías de calidad del aire de 10 μg/m3 en una parte de la zona oriental de la ciudad. En el resto de la ciudad, en las franjas horarias de las 6:00 h a las 12:00 h y de las 18:00 h a las 24:00 h se registraron valores que cumplían los objetivos intermedios 2 y 3, lo que representa incrementos de 9 y 3 % en la mortalidad cardiopulmonar, respectivamente.

Objective. To compare the perception of the quality of ambulatory care in users of health services in 2012 and 2018, by indigenous and non-indigenous condition. Materials and methods. With information from two population surveys (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición [Ensanut] 2012 and Ensanut 100k) the quality of care was analyzed based on indicators of structure, process, health outcome and care satisfaction. Results. Between 2012 and 2018, the use of private health services increased; favorable opinion about the conditions of the site, and perception of short waiting times decreased among non-indigenous people. In public health services, the supply of medicines remained high, the laboratory and Rx tests in the same care unit and pharmacology treatment explanation decreased, particularly among non-indigenous patients. Perception of health improvement and satisfaction of care was adequate. Conclusion. An ambulatory care model aimed to response needs and expectations of the most vulnerable population, mainly the indigenous population, is a priority.

Durante los procesos migratorios, las personas enfrentan necesidades en salud sexual y salud reproductiva. Esta investigación buscó entender estas necesidades desde la identificación del grado de implementación del Paquete Inicial Mínimo (PIMS) de servicios en salud reproductiva en situaciones de crisis en cuatro ciudades de la frontera colombo-venezolana. Se realizaron grupos focales a hombres y mujeres entre los 14 y los 49 años que fueran población migrante venezolana en Arauca, Cúcuta, Riohacha y Valledupar con el fin de identificar sus percepciones respecto a sus necesidades en salud sexual y reproductiva. Es así como se identificaron necesidades en anticoncepción, acceso al aborto seguro y prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual; adicionalmente, las mujeres señalaron necesidades relacionadas con la lactancia, el cuidado menstrual y la atención del parto. Se evidenció que existen barreras de acceso a estos servicios generadas por los costos de la atención, la desinformación, y la discriminación. También se identificaron violencias y xenofobia por parte del personal prestador de servicios de salud. Como conclusión se plantea que garantizar los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las personas migrantes venezolanas en Colombia es una tarea urgente.

Objetivos: Las personas con discapacidad cognitiva y psicosocial se ven expuestas a lo largo de su vida a diferentes formas de violencia sexual relacionadas con la diferentes imaginarios que niegan su sexualidad. Este artículo busca analizar los imaginarios y las autopercepciones de las personas con discapacidad frente a su sexualidad, así como la posible relación que estos imaginarios tiene con la vulnerabilidad frente a diferentes formas de violencia sexual. Métodos: estudio cualitativo que conjugó la realización de entrevistas semi-estructuradas a personas con discapacidad, familiares y funcionarios a cargo de la atención de personas con discapacidad, con grupos focales con diferentes actores interesados. La investigación se desarrolló en Barranquilla, Bucaramanga, Bogotá, Cali y Manizales. Resultados: perviven una serie de imaginarios respecto a la sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad que las infantiliza, les limita su libertad y autonomía y las hipersexualiza, estos imaginarios se consituyen en elementos de riesgo frente a la violencia sexual de las personas con discapacidad. Conclusiones: Los imaginarios sobre las personas con discapacidad los exponen a formas de violencia sexual a la vez que impiden la garantía de sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos.

Objective: Vulnerable populations like the remaining Quilombola community need health care tailored to their demands and needs. The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of nursing in promoting sustainability in vulnerable communities. Methods: Reflective study based on the Theory of Culture Care, nursing competencies, and on the concept of sustainability. Results: Nurses must be sensitive to cultural differences inserting themselves in care planning strategies as nursing actions must consider the cultural values of individuals. Health practices developed by nurses, in the perspective of health promotion, must consider the empowerment of vulnerable populations through sustainable actions, enabling socioeconomic improvements and reflecting on environmental well-being and health. Conclusion: Nurses must perform ethical care considering cultural particularities and promoting health through sustainable practices. This reflection article presents possibilities of action in the broader view of health to vulnerable communities providing support to health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the situations of vulnerability experienced by adolescent offenders. Method: This is an integrative literature review carried out in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Virtual Health Library (VHL) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) databases which resulted in 33 included studies, published between the years 2009 and 2019 and that, after analysis of semantic content, originated four categories. Results: The results were presented in the categories: conflicting family relationships; involvement with alcohol and drugs; unfavorable sociodemographic situations; programmatic vulnerability and the absence of the State. Conclusion: As a contribution to the practice of professionals, especially in primary care, this study points out strategies to analyze the situations of vulnerability that adolescent offenders experience, and thus, act in the promotion of health, minimization of injuries and assistance for social reintegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A corpus of 60 articles published in Spanish, English, and Portuguese was analyzed to account for the integrative literature review on the concept of vulnerability from bioethics, identifying the following thematic trends: risk, susceptibility, autonomy, and culture in people and communities. The methodological approach has been mainly qualitative. We found that the disciplines that most addressed the concept belong to the human and social sciences. The authors recommend conducting studies of the concept from people's perspectives and that ethics committees review the informed consent and information guides according to these results. The categories give way to the concept of vulnerability, which must be analyzed beyond principlism in bioethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]