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It is analyzed the insufficiently studied question of the relationship of a wide and narrow understanding of the phenomenon of freedom of conscience. The wide and narrow sense of understanding freedom of conscience has the right to a separate existence, but their unification reveals a wide range of relevant meanings, which are governed by such an idea as “conscience freedom culture”. Despite the internal dialectical contradiction, this term has a heuristic meaning. Law depends on the level of culture. Formalisms of law will not work if culture stays behind the forms of law, if law does not become a true value. The advantage of a broad understanding of freedom of conscience is the search for the deep foundations of freedom of conscience using a philosophical and anthropological approach with its recognition of human autonomy, which organically includes freedom, creativity and responsibility. In turn, human autonomy is revealed in dialogue with the social world. The social and anthropological dimensions of freedom of conscience are organically linked through the cultural dimension.

The adaptation of university graduates to the labor market is considered. The subject of study is the personal autonomy of a university graduate. It is concluded that there are very serious problems with the use of human capital in Russia. The labor market is constantly lacking specialists, but there is unemployment among young specialists, university graduates. State money is spent on training specialists who do not work in their specialty or do not work at all and lose their qualifications. This paradox is explained by the fact that the quality of training at the university is lagging behind the requirements of the time. Universities do not have time to respond to the challenges of time, experiencing a kind of «shock of the future». One of the ways out is the fundamentalization of training, during which the basic knowledge and skills to apply them in practice are given. At the same time, the prerequisite for successful graduate adaptation in the labor market is the formation of the social autonomy at high school. Thus, the graduate is ready to complete the education and relearn in accordance with the requirements of the time and the specifics of the work

It is examined the relationship of tradition, novation and innovation in socio-cultural development. Tradition is based on the reproductive type of activity, and novation and innovation is based on the productive type of activity. In the spiritual sphere of society, there is a close interconnection of traditions, novations and innovations in the interaction of these two types of activities, which can be interpreted in terms of the general scientific principle of complementarity. The subject of the traditional type of activity is mainly the collective, large groups of people. The subject of the innovative type of activity is individuals, creative personalities, outstanding historical figures. In our opinion, it is possible to combine the two types of activity with the help of such a concept as a "socially individual subject". In the activities of such a subject, we single out the contradiction between the normative, on which tradition is based and the deviant, on which social creativity is based, i.e. the production of innovations and their implementation in the activities of social and individual actors

It is considered the psychological conditions of formation of the ethnic group. The significance of the theory of the collective unconscious as the original archetype of cultural origins of ethnic groups is described. The methodological basis of the hypothesis about the impact on the collective subconscious modulation of the psychomechanisms is adopted by the constructivist concept. Construction of a conceptual scheme ethnic archetype based on a constructivist methodology would avoid extremes instrumentalism, interpret them on the basis of the principle of complementarity. This thesis applies to ethno-cultural archetype of Abasins. The formation of this ethnic group in terms of the psychological structure of the individual is a transformed information about the world, which integrates with psychic energy ethnicity. The ability of the collective unconscious to integrate with psychic energy, acquires the character of the modulation. Deeper knowledge of the cultures of ethnic archetypal is possible if research modulation processes in the psyche of individuals. With regard to the ethnic and cultural archetypes of modulation in the mind can be in a modified form, as the perception of language, historical experience, customs, traditions, beliefs, value system. Modulation in mind, apparently, plays an important, if not decisive, role in the formation of the archetype of ethnic groups and require more in-depth and comprehensive study. Conceptualization of the concept of "ethno-cultural archetype" acquires a deeper meaning, taking into account such things as the collective subconscious and psychic modulation. Analysis of mental modulation problems in relation to ethnic and cultural archetype has some relevance to the psychological and philosophical concepts of constructivism in social psychology in general and ethnic psychology in particular.