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Two new nor-lignans siamensinols A-B (1–2) and seven known compounds agatharesinol (3), syringaresinol-glucoside (4), noreugenin (5), 8-methyleugenitol (6), melachromone (7), uncinoside A (8) and daucosterol (9) were isolated from Selaginella siamensis Hieron. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including 1 D, 2 D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS and CD spectrometry. Compounds 1–2 showed moderate inhibitory effect on MOLT-3 cells while 8-methyleugenitol (6) exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on three tumor cells (HepG2, A549 and HuCCA-1). Compounds 2–3 showed the potent cancer chemoprevention in DPPH, XXO, IXO and AIA assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an ancient lineage of ferns, Ophioglossaceae are evolutionarily among the most fascinating because they have the highest chromosome count of any known organism as well as the presence of sporophores, subterranean gametophytes, eusporangiate sporangia without annuli, and endophytic fungi. Previous studies have produced conflicting results, identifyingsome lineages with unresolved relationships, and have paid much attention to the subfamily Botrychioideae. But the other species‐rich subfamily, Ophioglossoideae, has remained largely understudied and only up to 12 accessions of Ophioglossoideae have been sampled. In this study, DNA sequences of seven plastid markers of 149 accessions (75 in Ophioglossoideae) representing approximately 82 species (approximately 74% of estimated species diversity sensu J. Syst. Evol., 2016, 54, 563) in the family, and two Marattiaceae and two Psilotaceae, are used to infer a phylogeny. Our major results include: (1) Ophioglossaceae are resolved as monophyletic with strong support, and so are all four subfamilies and genera sensu PPG I except Botrypus and Ophioglossum; (2) a new genus Sahashia is segregated from Botrypus so that the monophyly of Botrypus can be retained; (3) the monophyly of Ophioglossum in its current circumscription is uncertain in spite of our large character sampling; (4) there is substantial cryptic speciation in Ophioderma detected by our molecular and morphological study; (5) the recognition of Holubiella is advocated based on its morphology and its sister relationship with Sceptridium; and (6) a novel sister relationship between Botrychium and the JHS clade (Japanobotrychium + (Holubiella + Sceptridium)) is discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An addition to the known Thai Flora, a species of ferns, Tectaria kehdingiana (Kuhn) M.G. Price has been found in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, peninsular Thailand. This species is described and illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]