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El trabajo presenta una metodología para el diseño de un "Sistema de costos para el maquicentro de calzado de la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial -UNMSM", tomando en cuenta el volumen y diversidad de la producción (tamaño de la empresa), las necesidades de control, los costos de instalacion, implementación y mantenimiento del sistema. Se definen los costos indirectos asignables a cada orden de trabajo, seleccionando la bbase de distribución as adecuada.

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Background: Operative fires are rare but unforgettable events, with the potential for devastating outcomes. It is estimated that 650 operating room (OR) fires occur each year in the United States, with the use of electrocautery devices and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as the primary ignition and fuel sources. There are several case reports of OR fires caused by PMMA and electrocautery in the literature, but, to our knowledge, no formal studies have been performed exposing the flammability of PMMA and how PMMA reacts to an electrocautery ignition source., Methods: We studied the flammability of PMMA with electrocautery as an ignition source in a controlled laboratory setting. We used 2 different brands of PMMA, both with and without antibiotics. The PMMA was prepared according to the manufacturer's guidelines. In our model, which used a cadaveric leg, the PMMA was placed next to a femoral component that is used in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Electrocautery was applied at 30-second intervals for a total of 15 minutes. Flammability was defined as any visualized spark or flame while using an electrocautery device. The heat resulting from the chemical reaction was recorded every 30 seconds with a thermal imaging camera (TIC). Video recording was used during the experiment to document the flammability events. A total of 108 tests were performed., Results: PMMA with and without antibiotics proved to be flammable with the use of electrocautery. All flammability occurred within 7 minutes of combining the monomer and the powder. Increased flammability was seen with the use of antibiotic additives., Conclusions: PMMA was found to be highly flammable in the initial curing period when exposed to electrocautery as an ignition source. When PMMA is ready for application, we recommend that an "electrocautery timeout" be performed, wherein the electrocautery device is removed from the operating field for a minimum of 7 minutes or until the PMMA has fully hardened., Competing Interests: Disclosure: No source of funding was received for this work. The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article ( http://links.lww.com/JBJS/I336 )., (Copyright © 2024 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Incorporated.)

Social media can be a platform to spread misinformation and reinforce potentially harmful norms in the interest of commercial actors. There are norms related to obesity that commercial actors promote such as "obesity is an individual problem" and the "pharmaceuticalization of obesity". In this study, we assess the quality of information about semaglutide, and the descriptive norms related to its use as levers of commercial practices in social media. We carried out a content analysis of Spanish speaking TikTok videos published between January 2022 and November 2023. We used the DISCERN instrument to assess the quality of information and classified the social norms disseminated through the videos and the narrating voices. The overall quality of information was low, with a mean DISCERN score of 29.8 out of 75. Although healthcare professionals and professional communicators performed slightly better compared to other voices, critical aspects of good health communication were often lacking; 155 videos (71%) did not mention any risk related to the use of semaglutide and only 11.9% of videos mentioned one or more serious risks. In 85% of videos, obesity was depicted as an individual problem. About half of the videos normalized the use of semaglutide and 79% of videos promoted the pharmaceuticalization of obesity by mentioning losing weight as a benefit of using semaglutide but not mentioning the need to make lifestyle changes. The combination of poor-quality health information and the promotion of potentially harmful norms related to semaglutide use is a public health concern. Further research on the commercial determinants of health in the context of semaglutide use is needed, as well as actions to mitigate the risks of misinformation and harmful health-related norms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Precise and accurate glenoid preparation is important for the success of shoulder arthroplasty. Despite advancements in preoperative planning software and enabling technologies, most surgeons execute the procedure manually. Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) facilitates accurate glenoid guide pin placement for cannulated reaming; however, few commercially available systems offer depth of reaming control. Robotic-arm assisted bone preparation has gained popularity in knee and hip arthroplasty, but at the present time there is limited information available on the use of robotics for shoulder arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to compare glenoid preparation and final implant position using three techniques: manual, manual assisted with PSI, and robotic arm assisted bone preparation., Methods: Six shoulder surgeons participated in this study utilizing three preparation techniques: (1) manual reaming, (2) manual reaming over a pin inserted using PSI, and (3) preparation using a robotic arm assist with an end-effector burr and haptic boundaries. Each surgeon randomly conducted each technique on 2 separate Bone Matrix glenoid models, for a total of 36 glenoid models tested. To compare the techniques, the final prepared Bone Matrix models underwent a CT scan with 3D virtual model generation. The prepared 3D virtual glenoid models were then compared to the preoperatively planned models. Parameters compared included deviations in version, inclination, anterior-posterior (AP) translation, superior-inferior (SI) translation, and depth of reaming., Results: Regarding glenoid version with values reported as mean deviations from the preoperative plan, the robotic-assisted technique (1°) was significantly better than manual (9°, p<0.001) and PSI (4°, p<0.001) techniques at executing the preoperative plan. Regarding inclination, the robotic-assisted technique (2°) was significantly better than manual (9°, p=0.003) but not significantly different than PSI (3°, p=0.211). The robotic-arm technique, with AP translation, resulted in significantly lower mean displacements (0.3mm) than the manual technique (2mm, p=0.001) and the PSI technique (2mm, p=0.002). With SI translation, the robotic-arm assisted technique (0.7mm) resulted in significantly lower mean displacements as compared to the manual (2mm, p=0.007) and PSI (1mm, p=0.011). The robotic-arm assisted technique (0.4 mm) did not result in significantly lower mean depth of reaming displacements compared to the manual technique (0.8 mm, p=0.051) but did when compared to PSI (0.8 mm, p=0.036)., Conclusions: Glenoid preparation using a robotic arm with an end-effector burr and haptic boundaries was significantly better in its ability to execute a preoperatively planned implant position than manual preparation in 4 of 5 glenoid metrics examined and was significantly better than PSI in 4 of 5 glenoid metrics., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

The balance between cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation emerges from gene regulatory networks coupled to various signal transduction pathways, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transcription factors (TFs), enabling developmental responses to environmental cues. The primary root of Arabidopsis thaliana has become a valuable system for unravelling such networks. Recently, the role of TFs that mediate ROS inhibition of primary root growth has begun to be characterized. This study demonstrates that the MADS-box TF gene XAANTAL1 (XAL1) is an essential regulator of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in primary root growth and root stem cell niche identity. Interestingly, our findings indicated that XAL1 acts as a positive regulator of H2O2 concentration in the root meristem by directly regulating genes involved in oxidative stress response, such as PEROXIDASE 28 (PER28). Moreover, we found that XAL1 is necessary for the H2O2-induced inhibition of primary root growth through the negative regulation of peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, XAL1, in conjunction with RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR), is essential for positively regulating the differentiation of columella stem cells and for participating in primary root growth inhibition in response to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 treatment., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.)

Cellular behavior, cell differentiation and ontogenetic development in eukaryotes result from complex interactions between epigenetic and classic molecular genetic mechanisms, with many of these interactions still to be elucidated. Histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) promote the interaction of histones with DNA by compacting the nucleosome, thus causing transcriptional repression. MADS-domain transcription factors are highly conserved in eukaryotes and participate in controlling diverse developmental processes in animals and plants, as well as regulating stress responses in plants. In this work, we focused on finding out putative interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana HDACs and MADS-domain proteins using an evolutionary perspective combined with bioinformatics analyses and testing the more promising predicted interactions through classic molecular biology tools. Through bioinformatic analyses, we found similarities between HDACs proteins from different organisms, which allowed us to predict a putative protein-protein interaction between the Arabidopsis thaliana deacetylase HDA15 and the MADS-domain protein XAANTAL1 (XAL1). The results of two-hybrid and Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation analysis demonstrated in vitro and in vivo HDA15-XAL1 interaction in the nucleus. Likely, this interaction might regulate developmental processes in plants as is the case for this type of interaction in animals.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the biomechanical performance of elastic and static suture-based cerclage systems to traditional screw constructs in the setting of modeled glenoid bony augmentation., Methods: Biomechanical testing was conducted on polyurethane cellular foam blocks modeling a 20 % glenoid defect repaired with a coracoid graft. Constructs consisted of an elastic suture-based cerclage, static suture-based cerclage, and a two-screw construct. Biomechanical testing was performed on material testing system, using a 7-phase, 100 cycle per phase, 1Hz, sinusoidal cyclic loading protocol, following a stair-step pattern in load control. Failure for cyclic loading was assessed at 0.8 mm linear displacement. The absolute end level for load-to-failure was 7.0 mm., Results: Static suture-based cerclage failed at 5-50 N (Cycles 2 through 4), 2-screw constructs failed at 25-50 N (Cycle 4), and elastic suture-based cerclage failed at 100-200N (Cycles 6 and 7). Elastic cerclage exhibited superior performance compared to static cerclage beginning in Cycle 2 (p = 0.0440) and compared to SOC 2-screw construct beginning in Cycle 4 (p = 0.0118). 2-screw construct exhibited superior stability performance compared to static cerclage beginning in Cycle 3 (p = 0.0001). Elastic cerclage reached failure at 558.141 ± 4.508 N, while 2-screw construct and static cerclage reached failure at 422.009 ± 24.998 N and 366.770 ± 66.653 N, respectively. Elastic cerclage demonstrated superior biomechanical stability in load-at-failure performance to static cerclage (p < 0.0001) and the screw construct (p < 0.0001), while static cerclage demonstrated inferior biomechanical stability to the screw construct (p = 0.0343)., Conclusion: This biomechanical study comparing the performance of elastic cable and static suture tape cerclage fixation methods identified that the elastic cable cerclage exhibits a higher load-at-failure and less displacement under repetitive stress. In addition, elastic cable cerclage fixation exhibits greater strength and construct rigidity than traditional metal screw fixation., Competing Interests: The following authors have the stated interests: Amit Momaya: CONMED Corporation- Other Professional Activities; Eugene Brabston: EBSCO-Editorial or governing board, Link Orthopaedics-Paid consultant, Orthopaedic Design NA-Paid consultant; Aaron Casp:American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine-Board or committee member, Arthrex, Inc-Paid consultant; Brent Ponce: American Orthopaedic Association: Board or committee member, Help Lightning: Stock or stock Options, Orthopaedic Designs North America Inc.: Paid consultant, Smith & Nephew: Paid consultant, Stryker: IP royalties; Paid consultant; Paid presenter or speaker., (© 2025 Professor P K Surendran Memorial Education Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Objective: Despite robust research endeavors exploring post-play health implications in former NFL players, the impact of former-player status on long-term cardiovascular health has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the available research on the cardiovascular health in former NFL players., Methods: Relevant studies were included from the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. Studies were evaluated in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Two independent reviewers conducted the title/abstract screenings and risk of bias determinations. The results of the studies were extracted for inclusion in the review., Results: Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria. Though evidence was discordant among studies, former NFL players appeared to possess more favorable metabolic profiles and decreased mortality compared to community controls. Of note, 90% of former players were found to be overweight or obese., Conclusion: Though cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among former NFL players, they possess comparable metabolic and cardiovascular profiles to community controls. Further research is necessary to ascertain the impact of NFL play on cardiovascular health and develop tailored preventative care strategies for former players.

Background: Arabidopsis thaliana primary root growth has become a model for evo-devo studies due to its simplicity and facility to record cell proliferation and differentiation. To identify new genetic components relevant to primary root growth, we used a Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) meta-analysis approach using data published in the last decade. In this work, we performed intra and inter-studies analyses to discover new genetic components that could participate in primary root growth., Methods and Results: We used 639 accessions from nine different studies under control conditions and performed different GWAS tests. We found that primary root growth changes were associated with 41 genes, of which six (14.6%) have been previously described as inhibitors or promoters of primary root growth. The knockdown lines of two genes, Suppressor of Gene Silencing (SGS3), involved in tasiRNA processing, and a gene with a Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) motif named NOJOCH MOOTS (NOJO), confirmed their role as repressors of primary root growth, none has been shown to participate in this developmental process before., Conclusions: In summary, our GWAS analysis of different available studies identified new genes that participate in primary root growth; two of them were identified as repressors of primary root growth., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The dorsal spanning plate (DSP) is a versatile implant suitable for bridging severely comminuted intraarticular distal radius fractures [AO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen) 23-C.1-C.3]. It may be used alone or with supplemental fixation such as a volar locking plate (VLP) or fragment-specific fixation (FSF). Outcomes following DSP fixation with additional implants have not been specifically evaluated., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent internal fixation of a distal radius fracture by a single surgeon from 2017 to 2021. Patients were grouped according to implants used: DSP only, DSP + FSF, and DSP + VLP. Preoperative variables, treatment times, and wrist range of motion (ROM) were assessed. Functional wrist ROM was defined as minimum 80° combined flexion and extension., Results: One hundred fifty-two patients underwent surgery for wrist fracture, 33 of them were treated with a DSP: 8 DSP only, 6 DSP + VLP, and 19 DSP + FSF. Falls from height greater than 10 ft accounted for 52% of injuries, most of which were treated with a DSP + FSF. Treatment times and ROM were similar between subgroups. Wrist ROM did not improve significantly beyond 4 weeks following DSP removal. Overall, DSP patients recovered a mean wrist ROM of 85° (range 0°-130°) within a median 26 weeks total treatment period (range 12-68 weeks)., Conclusion: Regardless of the construct used, if the distal radius articular surface is well reduced and other principles of fracture fixation are applied, most patients treated with a DSP can expect to regain functional wrist ROM., Level of Evidence: Level IV-Retrospective review of prospectively collected data., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Introduction: Workplace violence (WPV) in US health care is increasing, and many workers are likely to experience WPV during their careers. This study aims to assess the scope of WPV in orthopaedics., Methods: A 20-item survey adopted from the World Health Organization's 'Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Studies Research Instruments Survey Questionnaire' was sent to Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons members, including residents and fellows. Deidentified responses were collected electronically over a 1-month period and assessed., Results: Overall, 1,125 Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons members participated (5% response rate). Most respondents were male (86%) and identified with the majority ethnic group (80%). WPV of any type was reported by 77.1%. Verbal abuse was the most common type (71.6%), and patients were the most common perpetrators. WPV was most prevalent among traumatologists, tumor surgeons, female surgeons, and those with 0 to 15 years in practice. Female surgeons reported more WPV events per practice year (2.25 versus 0.65, P < 0.01) and increased likelihood of physical threats and physical assaults from coworkers ( P = 0.004)., Discussion: WPV in orthopaedic surgery is largely perpetrated by patients and directed toward traumatologists, tumor surgeons, female surgeons, and less experienced surgeons. These data can be used to address safety measures in the workplace., (Copyright © 2024 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.)

MADS-domain transcription factors play pivotal roles in numerous developmental processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. While their involvement in flowering transition and floral development has been extensively examined, their functions in root development remain relatively unexplored. Here, we explored the function and genetic interaction of three MADS-box genes ( XAL2 , SOC1 and AGL24 ) in primary root development. By analyzing loss-of-function and overexpression lines, we found that SOC1 and AGL24 , both critical components in flowering transition, redundantly act as repressors of primary root growth as the loss of function of either SOC1 or AGL24 partially recovers the primary root growth, meristem cell number, cell production rate, and the length of fully elongated cells of the short-root mutant xal2-2 . Furthermore, we observed that the simultaneous overexpression of AGL24 and SOC1 leads to short-root phenotypes, affecting meristem cell number and fully elongated cell size, whereas SOC1 overexpression is sufficient to affect columella stem cell differentiation. Additionally, qPCR analyses revealed that these genes exhibit distinct modes of transcriptional regulation in roots compared to what has been previously reported for aerial tissues. We identified 100 differentially expressed genes in xal2-2 roots by RNA-seq. Moreover, our findings revealed that the expression of certain genes involved in cell differentiation, as well as stress responses, which are either upregulated or downregulated in the xal2-2 mutant, reverted to WT levels in the absence of SOC1 or AGL24 ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Castañón-Suárez, Arrizubieta, Castelán-Muñoz, Sánchez-Rodríguez, Caballero-Cordero, Zluhan-Martínez, Patiño-Olvera, Arciniega-González, García-Ponce, Sánchez, Álvarez-Buylla and Garay-Arroyo.)