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Chronic influence of metals on an organism differs from their sharp toxic action. In some exposed to long chronic metals influence people appear chronic inflammatory diseases, including oncological, on a background of neurologic symptoms develop. Today the overwhelming majority of the population is more 40-50 years old have metal alloys in the form of dental artificial limbs and various implantates in a body. Because of metal corrosion in organisms of these people concentration of metal ions is created. Galvanic currents induced at presence of any metals in an organism, promote corrosion, and carry of metal ions inside organism. If these currents are strong (the potential difference more 150 MB), local inflammatory pathologies development in organism due to concentration in the center of metal ions.

A new concept of malignant tumor growth is presented. In consists in the fact that the tumor cells in the body occur in specific immune tolerance. As s result, they form around the center of regeneration, which consists of activated towards the regeneration cells of the immune system, which support the formation and growth of the tumor. In the early stages of differentiation, precancerous cells are not able to attract immune cells and form the focus of regeneration, so the majority of them die. At the outbreak of chronic inflammation, which contains a high percentage of regeneration of activated immune cells, the conditions exists for the formation of a focus of regeneration and, hence, growth and activation of precancerous cells and their transformation into high-grade malignant cells. This concept defines new approaches to treatment. For effective cancer therapy is necessary to neutralize the regenerator chamber in the tumor tissue. The effectiveness of the regeneration of damaged human tissues can be achieved through regenerator chamber similar to that created in the malignant tissue, and the introduction of a stem cell.

In the group of 290 human having metal artificial limbs in an oral cavity, decrease in average value pH the mixed saliva in comparison with the persons who are not having metal inclusions was due to increase of percent of persons with sour reaction of saliva. Thus the degree of decrease the mixed saliva pH did not depend up on size of galvanic currents and presence of galvanic symptoms. The hypothesis was put forward, that decrease of saliva pH and development of galvanism was connected with local changes in a biofilm contacting to metal artificial prosthetic devices. Galvanic currents extended both on a surface of oral mucous membrane and in tissue. Clinical symptoms of galvanism we more expressed when galvanic currents flow manly in oral tissue.

During clinical-immunological study of the patients with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) some differences were found between the following categories--CAP involving not more than 2 teeth and plural CAP. There were found the changes of both general immunity indices and its local components. Chronic inflammation course in periodontal tissues led to imbalance between cellular and humoral local immune reactions. It was shown that the presence of protracted multiple infectious focuses in periodontal tissues led to organism sensitizing and secondary immune deficiency.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been found on all cells of the body--cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, epithelial and endothelial cells, keratinocytes, etc. PRRs can recognize specific molecular structures of microorganisms as well as allergens and other substances. The interaction with ligands of foreign microorganisms activates PRRs, after which host cells start to produce cytokines to both specifically activate innate immunity and to control adaptive immune reactions. On the other hand, no immune response develops against microorganisms of the normal microflora. Practically, the development of all immune responses is controlled by PRRs. These responses start in epithelial cells, skin cells, and vascular epithelial cells, which meet alien first. The immune system uses these cells to control the composition of normal microflora. Accordingly, the definition of immune system functions should be complemented by the regulation of body's microflora in addition to the protection from alien and altered self.

An objective evaluation of body intoxication related with detection of CD95+ neutrophils in blood was demonstrated. The intoxication degree was defined by a changing number of neutrophils with activated apoptosis, i.e. a strictly quantitative criterion climinating any subjectivism in assessing the morphological signs of neutrophils' degeneration. The detection process of CD95+ neutrophils can be completely automated by using, for the above purpose, the flow cytofluorimeters.

Indices of immunogram (levels of T-, B-lymphocytes, amount of O-cells, indices of T-helpers and T-suppressors, adhesive and phagocytic activity of neutrophils, leukogram) were repeatedly studied in patients with phlegmon of maxillofacial area. A short-term recovery of the levels of T- and B-lymphocytes makes it possible to control the completeness of the surgical procedure. Shifts in the immunogram allow to reliably and objectively follow the development of the inflammatory process in patients with phlegmons of maxillofacial area.

The authors analyze the parameters of total and local immunity in patients with acute and exacerbating chronic periodontitis. No essential changes in the mean values of blood characteristics were revealed, though T lymphocyte level was reduced in the acute period of the condition. Studies of the local immunity have revealed more significant shifts, particularly in the material from the involved tooth gingival groove, where both quantitative parameters and cellular functional activity were changed.

The method of discrete-dynamic analysis was used for studying the immunity system state in 60 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TM) of various degree of severity and in 35 patients with serous meningitis of nontuberculous etiology (SMNE). A significant difference was established of the correlation between parameters in the combinations comprising lymphocytes immune to Mycobacterium tuberculosis which enables TM and SMNE differentiation. TM was characterized by a sharp increase in the number of correlations (intensity) in the parameters as compared with SMNE. Intensity significantly declines in the fatal outcome of TM as compared with this parameter in the survived patients. In SMNE local immunity state normalizes (intensity decline) in 1.5-2 months, in TM of moderate severity in 3 months and in a serious course (during the follow-up) intensity does not decline.

Presents data on functioning of the oral cavity local immunity organ, gingival groove. Analyzes a relationship between the counts and functional activities of the cells from the gingival groove and oral cavity washing, specific features of these cells in various conditions of the maxillodental segment.

The authors have developed a complex of immunologic tests based on micromodifications of rapid methods of rosette formation and phagocytosis. The method requires the minimal amounts of cells and reagents, i.e. 0.03 ml of capillary blood from the finger is sufficient for the assessment of the general and local (round one tooth) immunity. Immunologic parameters of capillary blood, oral cavity washings, and material from the gingival groove were determined for the first time with the use of the above technique in normal subjects with sanitized oral cavity.

Regressive interrelations between antibody titers to 13 staphylococcal museum strains in the blood serum, polypous fluid and saliva of patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis and chronic tonsillitis were studied. The presence of sharply defined positive interrelations between antibody titers in the blood serum and polypous fluid of patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis with respect to all staphylococcal strains under study and the absence of significant interrelations between antibody titers in the blood serum and saliva of patients with chronic tonsillitis were shown. The problem of the importance of positive or negative interrelations between individual staphylococcal strains is discussed.

The immune status of 60 S. aureus carriers and 60 donors without carrier state was studied with respect to the interrelations of their antistaphylococcal immunity characteristics and natural resistance factors with the levels of different parameters. In contrast to the donors without carrier state, new interrelations between specific and nonspecific humoral immunity factors were shown to appear in S. aureus carriers, their blood sera having the elevated levels of bactericidal activity and the increased titers of staphylococcal antibodies. The phagocytic activity of the blood in the carriers proved to be below the normal level. The S. aureus carriers were found to have disturbances in the interrelations of their phagocytic activity and specific humoral immunity. The immune status of the carriers as characterized by the interrelations of its parameters is compared with the immune status of normal persons.

The work presents the results of the study of the immune status in 18 patients with chronic bronchitis at the stage of remission, subjected to prolonged prophylactic treatment with the inhalations of levamisole solution, and in 16 patients receiving the inhalations of staphylococcal vaccine. These results indicate that the inhalations of levamisole have proved to be more effective than the inhalations of staphylococcal vaccine. In patients treated with levamisole an essential decrease in the ratio of theophylline-resistant to theophylline-sensitive E-rosette-forming lymphocytes has been noted. The determination of the sensitivity of lymphocytes and neutrophils to incubation with levamisole by means of the rosette-formation test makes it possible to prognosticate, taking into account the initial level of spontaneous E-rosette formation of these cells, the effectiveness of the prophylactic treatment of patients with chronic bronchitis. The determination of the sensitivity of the cells to incubation with staphylococcal toxoid is ineffective for the prognostication of the result of the treatment of such patients with staphylococcal vaccine.

The state of the immune system in healthy donors and in chronic bronchitis patients, frequently suffering from acute respiratory diseases, at the period of remission has been studied by the methods of rosette-formation and phagocytosis. The authors propose a new approach to the evaluation of the immune system by regarding each of these groups as a dynamic set of discrete values. As a result, the parameters of the immune system have proved to be interrelated. These interrelations, in contrast to the variability of the numerical values of different parameters, remain constant in health persons and are seemingly the basis of the stability of their internal medium, or at any rate of their immune system. At the same time under the conditions of the remission of chronic bronchitis the interrelation of the above-mentioned parameters has altered in comparison with the normal state, which makes it possible to characterize the immune status of these patients as the state of imbalance of the immune system.

Techniques for conducting a combination of immunological methods have been elaborated for wide introduction into public health practice. The five main tasks have been substantiated in detail: two are connected with treatment and three with prophylaxis of diseases. These are: (I) prognosis of the course and control of the effectiveness of disease treatment; (2) compiling an immunological passport of people for the improvement of the effective use of the immunogram in clinical practice; (3) detection of genetic and acquired defects of the immune system components; (4) detection of delayed formation and restructuring of the immune system in the process of the organism's age-hormonal reorganization; (5) control of the development of immunological failure (its appearance, course and removal).

The action of actinolysate on the capacity of lymphocytes and neutrophils for rosette-formation has been studied in patients with actinomycosis of the maxillofacial area and with chronic nonspecific inflammatory processes, as well as in healthy donors. Actinolysate has been found to have different influence on cell activity. In actinomycosis patients with the low capacity of cells for spontaneous E-rosette-formation with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) actinolysate suppresses their activity still greater, while in cases of the high capacity of cells for spontaneous epsilon-rosette-formation with SRBC this capacity is increased. In chronic nonspecific inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial area and in healthy donors the reverse tendency is observed.