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644 results on '"Poon, A. W. P."'

1. An assay-based background projection for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR using Monte Carlo Uncertainty Propagation

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fuad, N., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., and Yu, C. -H.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The background index is an important quantity which is used in projecting and calculating the half-life sensitivity of neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiments. A novel analysis framework is presented to calculate the background index using the specific activities, masses and simulated efficiencies of an experiment's components as distributions. This Bayesian framework includes a unified approach to combine specific activities from assay. Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation is used to build a background index distribution from the specific activity, mass and efficiency distributions. This analysis method is applied to the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, which deployed arrays of high-purity Ge detectors enriched in $^{76}$Ge to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$. The framework projects a mean background index of $\left[8.95 \pm 0.36\right] \times 10^{-4}$cts/(keV kg yr) from $^{232}$Th and $^{238}$U in the DEMONSTRATOR's components., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

Published
2024

2. Measurement of the electric potential and the magnetic field in the shifted analysing plane of the KATRIN experiment

Author

Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bobien, S., Böttcher, M., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Heyns, S., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Khosonthongkee, K., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., McMichael, K., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The projected sensitivity of the effective electron neutrino-mass measurement with the KATRIN experiment is below 0.3 eV (90 % CL) after five years of data acquisition. The sensitivity is affected by the increased rate of the background electrons from KATRIN's main spectrometer. A special shifted-analysing-plane (SAP) configuration was developed to reduce this background by a factor of two. The complex layout of electromagnetic fields in the SAP configuration requires a robust method of estimating these fields. We present in this paper a dedicated calibration measurement of the fields using conversion electrons of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr, which enables the neutrino-mass measurements in the SAP configuration., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures

Published
2024

3. Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data

Author

Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bobien, S., Böttcher, M., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gutknecht, N., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Henke, H., Heyns, S., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Khosonthongkee, K., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Kohpeiß, J., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., Kovalík, A., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schnurr, U., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Tirolf, S., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute mass bears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, we report on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with the KATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium $\beta$-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. Based on the first five neutrino-mass measurement campaigns, we derive a best-fit value of $m_\nu^{2} = {-0.14^{+0.13}_{-0.15}}~\mathrm{eV^2}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_\nu < {0.45}~\mathrm{eV}$ at 90 % confidence level. With six times the statistics of previous data sets, amounting to 36 million electrons collected in 259 measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level and improved systematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by a factor of almost two., Comment: 61 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables

Published
2024

4. Experimental neutrino physics in a nuclear landscape

Author

Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., and Singh, V.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

There are profound connections between neutrino physics and nuclear experiments. Exceptionally precise measurements of single and double beta-decay spectra illuminate the scale and nature of neutrino mass and may finally answer the question of whether neutrinos are their own antimatter counterparts. Neutrino-nucleus scattering underpins oscillation experiments and probes nuclear structure, neutrinos offer a rare vantage point into collapsing stars and nuclear fission reactors, and techniques pioneered in neutrino nuclear-physics experiments are advancing quantum-sensing technologies. In this article, we review current and planned efforts at the intersection of neutrino and nuclear experiments., Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Submitted as a contribution to "The liminal position of Nuclear Physics: from hadrons to neutron stars" issue of Philosophical Transactions A. v1: submitted version; v2: accepted version

Published
2023

5. Majorana Demonstrator Data Release for AI/ML Applications

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y. -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Fuad, N., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Quenallata, B., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The enclosed data release consists of a subset of the calibration data from the Majorana Demonstrator experiment. Each Majorana event is accompanied by raw Germanium detector waveforms, pulse shape discrimination cuts, and calibrated final energies, all shared in an HDF5 file format along with relevant metadata. This release is specifically designed to support the training and testing of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms upon our data. This document is structured as follows. Section I provides an overview of the dataset's content and format; Section II outlines the location of this dataset and the method for accessing it; Section III presents the NPML Machine Learning Challenge associated with this dataset; Section IV contains a disclaimer from the Majorana collaboration regarding the use of this dataset; Appendix A contains technical details of this data release. Please direct questions about the material provided within this release to liaobo77@ucsd.edu (A. Li)., Comment: DataPlanet Access: https://dataplanet.ucsd.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=perma:83.ucsddata/UQWQAV

Published
2023

6. Energy Calibration of Germanium Detectors for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR was a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in the $^{76}$Ge isotope. It was staged at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD. The experiment consisted of 58 germanium detectors housed in a low background shield and was calibrated once per week by deploying a $^{228}$Th line source for 1 to 2 hours. The energy scale calibration determination for the detector array was automated using custom analysis tools. We describe the offline procedure for calibration of the Demonstrator germanium detectors, including the simultaneous fitting of multiple spectral peaks, estimation of energy scale uncertainties, and the automation of the calibration procedure.

Published
2023
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7. Constraints on the decay of $^{180m}$Ta

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Goett, J., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Meijer, W., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Rouyer, A., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Schleich, S. J., Smith-Gandy, T. A., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Watkins, S. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., Alves, D. S. M., and Ramani, H.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

$^{180m}$Ta is a rare nuclear isomer whose decay has never been observed. Its remarkably long lifetime surpasses the half-lives of all other known $\beta$ and electron capture decays due to the large K-spin differences and small energy differences between the isomeric and lower energy states. Detecting its decay presents a significant experimental challenge but could shed light on neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis mechanisms, the nature of dark matter and K-spin violation. For this study, we repurposed the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, an experimental search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge using an array of high-purity germanium detectors, to search for the decay of $^{180m}$Ta. More than 17 kilograms, the largest amount of tantalum metal ever used for such a search was installed within the ultra-low background detector array. In this paper we present results from the first year of Ta data taking and provide an updated limit for the $^{180m}$Ta half-life on the different decay channels. With new limits up to 1.5 x $10^{19}$ years, we improved existing limits by one to two orders of magnitude. This result is the most sensitive search for a single $\beta$ and electron capture decay ever achieved.

Published
2023
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8. Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons, and Neutrinos (FSNN): Whitepaper for the 2023 NSAC Long Range Plan

Author

Acharya, B., Adams, C., Aleksandrova, A. A., Alfonso, K., An, P., Baeßler, S., Balantekin, A. B., Barbeau, P. S., Bellini, F., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Bernauer, J. C., Bhattacharya, T., Bishof, M., Bolotnikov, A. E., Breur, P. A., Brodeur, M., Brodsky, J. P., Broussard, L. J., Brunner, T., Burdette, D. P., Caylor, J., Chiu, M., Cirigliano, V., Clark, J. A., Clayton, S. M., Daniels, T. V., Darroch, L., Davoudi, Z., de Gouvêa, A., Dekens, W., Demarteau, M., DeMille, D., Deshpande, A., Detwiler, J. A., Dodson, G. W., Dolinski, M. J., Elliott, S. R., Engel, J., Erler, J., Filippone, B. W., Fomin, N., Formaggio, J. A., Friesen, F. Q. L., Fry, J., Fujikawa, B. K., Fuller, G., Fuyuto, K., Gallant, A. T., Gallina, G., Ruiz, A. Garcia, Ruiz, R. F. Garcia, Gardner, S., Gonzalez, F. M., Gratta, G., Gruszko, J., Gudkov, V., Guiseppe, V. E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hansen, E. V., Hardy, C. A., Haxton, W. C., Hayen, L., Hedges, S., Heeger, K. M., Heffner, M., Heise, J., Henning, R., Hergert, H., Hertzog, D. W., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Holt, J. D., Hoogerheide, S. F., Hoppe, E. W., Horoi, M., Howell, C. R., Huang, M., Hutzler, N. R., Imam, K., Ito, T. M., Jamil, A., Janssens, R. V., Jayich, A. M., Jones, B. J. P., Kammel, P., Liu, K. F., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Klein, J. R., Kneller, J. P., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Korsch, W., Krücken, R., Kumar, K. S., Launey, K. D., Lawrence, D., Leach, K. G., Lehnert, B., Lenardo, B. G., Li, Z., Lin, H. -W., Longfellow, B., Lopez-Caceres, S., Lunardini, C., MacLellan, R., Markoff, D. M., Maruyama, R. H., Mathews, D. G., Melconian, D., Mereghetti, E., Mohanmurthy, P., Moore, D. C., Mueller, P. E., Mumm, H. P., Nazarewicz, W., Newby, J., Nicholson, A. N., Novitski, E., Ondze, J. C. Nzobadila, O'Donnell, T., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orrell, J. L., Ouellet, J. L., Parno, D. S., Paschke, K. D., Pastore, S., Pattie Jr, R. W., Petrov, A. A., Pitt, M. L., Plaster, B., Pocanic, D., Pocar, A., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rahangdale, H., Rasco, B. C., Rasiwala, H., Redwine, R. P., Ritz, A., Rogers, L., Ron, G., Saldanha, R., Sangiorgio, S., Sargsyan, G. H., Saunders, A., Savard, G., Schaper, D. C., Scholberg, K., Scielzo, N. D., Seng, C. -Y., Shindler, A., Singh, J. T., Singh, M., Singh, V., Snow, W. M., Soma, A. K., Souder, P. A., Speller, D. H., Stachurska, J., Surukuchi, P. T., Oregui, B. Tapia, Tomalak, O., Torres, J. A., Tyuka, O. A., VanDevender, B. A., Varriano, L., Vogt, R., Walker-Loud, A., Wamba, K., Watkins, S. L., Wietfeldt, F. E., Williams, W. D., Wilson, J. T., Winslow, L., Yan, X. L., Yang, L., Young, A. R., Zheng, X., and Zhou, Y.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This whitepaper presents the research priorities decided on by attendees of the 2022 Town Meeting for Fundamental Symmetries, Neutrons and Neutrinos, which took place December 13-15, 2022 in Chapel Hill, NC, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 275 scientists registered for the meeting. The whitepaper makes a number of explicit recommendations and justifies them in detail.

Published
2023

11. Cognition, function, and prevalent dementia in centenarians and near‐centenarians: An individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis of 18 studies

Author

Leung, Yvonne, Barzilai, Nir, Batko‐Szwaczka, Agnieszka, Beker, Nina, Boerner, Kathrin, Brayne, Carol, Brodaty, Henry, Cheung, Karen Siu‐Lan, Corrada, María M, Crawford, John D, Galbussera, Alessia A, Gondo, Yasuyuki, Holstege, Henne, Hulsman, Marc, Ishioka, Yoshiko Lily, Jopp, Daniela, Kawas, Claudia H, Kaye, Jeff, Kochan, Nicole A, Lau, Bobo Hi‐Po, Lipnicki, Darren M, Lo, Jessica W, Lucca, Ugo, Makkar, Steve R, Marcon, Gabriella, Martin, Peter, Meguro, Kenichi, Milman, Sofiya, Poon, Leonard W, Recchia, Angela, Ribeiro, Oscar, Riva, Emma, Rott, Christoph, Sikkes, Sietske AM, Skoog, Ingmar, Stephan, Blossom, Szewieczek, Jan, Teixeira, Laetitia, Tettamanti, Mauro, Wilczyński, Krzysztof, and Sachdev, Perminder

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Dementia, Prevention, Brain Disorders, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegenerative, Aging, Neurological, Quality Education, Male, Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Female, Centenarians, Cognition, Body Mass Index, Educational Status, centenarians, dementia, education, exceptional longevity, prevalence, risk factors, Geriatrics, Clinical sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract

IntroductionThere are limited data on prevalence of dementia in centenarians and near-centenarians (C/NC), its determinants, and whether the risk of dementia continues to rise beyond 100.MethodsParticipant-level data were obtained from 18 community-based studies (N = 4427) in 11 countries that included individuals ≥95 years. A harmonization protocol was applied to cognitive and functional impairments, and a meta-analysis was performed.ResultsThe mean age was 98.3 years (SD = 2.67); 79% were women. After adjusting for age, sex, and education, dementia prevalence was 53.2% in women and 45.5% in men, with risk continuing to increase with age. Education (OR 0.95;0.92-0.98) was protective, as was hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.51;0.35-0.74) in five studies. Dementia was not associated with diabetes, vision and hearing impairments, smoking, and body mass index (BMI).DiscussionAmong the exceptional old, dementia prevalence remains higher in the older participants. Education was protective against dementia, but other factors for dementia-free survival in C/NC remain to be understood.

Published
2023

12. Single-nuclei transcriptome analysis of Huntington disease iPSC and mouse astrocytes implicates maturation and functional deficits

Author

Reyes-Ortiz, Andrea M, Abud, Edsel M, Burns, Mara S, Wu, Jie, Hernandez, Sarah J, McClure, Nicolette, Wang, Keona Q, Schulz, Corey J, Miramontes, Ricardo, Lau, Alice, Michael, Neethu, Miyoshi, Emily, Van Vactor, David, Reidling, John C, Blurton-Jones, Mathew, Swarup, Vivek, Poon, Wayne W, Lim, Ryan G, and Thompson, Leslie M

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Genetics, Biological Sciences, Stem Cell Research - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Rare Diseases, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Human, Neurodegenerative, Huntington's Disease, Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine, Underpinning research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Neurological, Neurology, Omics
Abstract

Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by expanded CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene that alters cellular homeostasis, particularly in the striatum and cortex. Astrocyte signaling that establishes and maintains neuronal functions are often altered under pathological conditions. We performed single-nuclei RNA-sequencing on human HD patient-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and on striatal and cortical tissue from R6/2 HD mice to investigate high-resolution HD astrocyte cell state transitions. We observed altered maturation and glutamate signaling in HD human and mouse astrocytes. Human HD astrocytes also showed upregulated actin-mediated signaling, suggesting that some states may be cell-autonomous and human specific. In both species, astrogliogenesis transcription factors may drive HD astrocyte maturation deficits, which are supported by rescued climbing deficits in HD drosophila with NFIA knockdown. Thus, dysregulated HD astrocyte states may induce dysfunctional astrocytic properties, in part due to maturation deficits influenced by astrogliogenesis transcription factor dysregulation.

Published
2023

13. Modeling Backgrounds for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author

Haufe, C. R., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is a neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment containing $\sim$30 kg of p-type point contact germanium detectors enriched to 88% in 76Ge and $\sim$14 kg of natural germanium detectors. The detectors are housed in two electroformed copper cryostats and surrounded by a graded passive shield with active muon veto. An extensive radioassay campaign was performed prior to installation to insure the use of ultra-clean materials. The DEMONSTRATOR achieved one of the lowest background rates in the region of the $0\nu\beta\beta$ Q-value, 15.7 $\pm$ 1.4 cts/(FWHM t y) from the low-background configuration spanning most of the 64.5 kg-yr active exposure. Nevertheless this background rate is a factor of five higher than the projected background rate. This discrepancy arises from an excess of events from the 232Th decay chain. Background model fits aim to understand this deviation from assay-based projections, potentially determine the source(s) of observed backgrounds, and allow a precision measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta decay half-life. The fits agree with earlier simulation studies, which indicate the origin of the 232Th excess is not from a near-detector component and have informed design decisions for the next-generation LEGEND experiment. Recent findings have narrowed the suspected locations for the excess activity, motivating a final simulation and assay campaign to complete the background model., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings from the Low Radioactivity Techniques Workshop 2022 in Rapid City, SD, USA

Published
2022

14. Charge Trapping and Energy Performance of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

P-type point contact (PPC) high-purity germanium detectors are an important technology in astroparticle and nuclear physics due to their superb energy resolution, low noise, and pulse shape discrimination capabilities. Analysis of data from the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, a neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment deploying PPC detectors enriched in $^{76}$Ge, has led to several novel improvements in the analysis of PPC signals. In this work we discuss charge trapping in PPC detectors and its effect on energy resolution. Small dislocations or impurities in the crystal lattice result in trapping of charge carriers from an ionization event of interest, attenuating the signal and degrading the measured energy. We present a modified digital pole-zero correction to the signal energy estimation that counters the effects of charge trapping and improves the energy resolution of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR by approximately 30% to around 2.4 keV FWHM at 2039 keV, the $^{76}$Ge $Q$-value. An alternative approach achieving similar resolution enhancement is also presented., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures

Published
2022
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15. Interpretable Boosted Decision Tree Analysis for the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y -D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., and Yu, C. -H.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator is a leading experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with high purity germanium detectors (HPGe). Machine learning provides a new way to maximize the amount of information provided by these detectors, but the data-driven nature makes it less interpretable compared to traditional analysis. An interpretability study reveals the machine's decision-making logic, allowing us to learn from the machine to feedback to the traditional analysis. In this work, we have presented the first machine learning analysis of the data from the Majorana Demonstrator; this is also the first interpretable machine learning analysis of any germanium detector experiment. Two gradient boosted decision tree models are trained to learn from the data, and a game-theory-based model interpretability study is conducted to understand the origin of the classification power. By learning from data, this analysis recognizes the correlations among reconstruction parameters to further enhance the background rejection performance. By learning from the machine, this analysis reveals the importance of new background categories to reciprocally benefit the standard Majorana analysis. This model is highly compatible with next-generation germanium detector experiments like LEGEND since it can be simultaneously trained on a large number of detectors., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures

Published
2022
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16. Final Result of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Neutrinoless Double-$\beta$ Decay in $^{76}$Ge

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR searched for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) of $^{76}$Ge using modular arrays of high-purity Ge detectors operated in vacuum cryostats in a low-background shield. The arrays operated with up to 40.4 kg of detectors (27.2 kg enriched to $\sim$88\% in $^{76}$Ge). From these measurements, the DEMONSTRATOR has accumulated 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure. With a world-leading energy resolution of 2.52 keV FWHM at the 2039 keV $Q_{\beta\beta}$ (0.12\%), we set a half-life limit of $0\nu\beta\beta$ in $^{76}$Ge at $T_{1/2}>8.3\times10^{25}$ yr (90\% C.L.). This provides a range of upper limits on $m_{\beta\beta}$ of $(113-269)$ meV (90\% C.L.), depending on the choice of nuclear matrix elements., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures

Published
2022
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17. Search for keV-scale Sterile Neutrinos with first KATRIN Data

Author

Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with the first tritium data of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in the commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to $1.6\, \mathrm{keV}$. We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of down to $\sin^2\theta < 5\cdot10^{-4}$ ($95\,\%$ C.L.), improving current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and $1.0\, \mathrm{keV}$.

Published
2022

18. Search for Lorentz-Invariance Violation with the first KATRIN data

Author

Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wickles, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Some extensions of the Standard Model of Particle Physics allow for Lorentz invariance and Charge-Parity-Time (CPT)-invariance violations. In the neutrino sector strong constraints have been set by neutrino-oscillation and time-of-flight experiments. However, some Lorentz-invariance-violating parameters are not accessible via these probes. In this work, we focus on the parameters $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$, $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}$ which would manifest themselves in a non-isotropic beta-decaying source as a sidereal oscillation and an overall shift of the spectral endpoint. Based on the data of the first scientific run of the KATRIN experiment, we set the first limit on $\left|(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}\right|$ of $< 3.7\cdot10^{-6}$ GeV at 90\% confidence level. Moreover, we derive new constraints on $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$.

Published
2022
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19. Exotic dark matter search with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

With excellent energy resolution and ultra-low level radiogenic backgrounds, the high-purity germanium detectors in the Majorana Demonstrator enable searches for several classes of exotic dark matter (DM) models. In this work, we report new experimental limits on keV-scale sterile neutrino DM via the transition magnetic moment from conversion to active neutrinos, $\nu_s \rightarrow \nu_a$. We report new limits on fermionic dark matter absorption ($\chi + A \rightarrow \nu + A$) and sub-GeV DM-nucleus 3$\rightarrow$2 scattering ($\chi + \chi + A \rightarrow \phi + A$), and new exclusion limits for bosonic dark matter (axionlike particles and dark photons). These searches utilize the (1--100)-keV low energy region of a 37.5-kg y exposure collected by the Demonstrator between May 2016 and November 2019, using a set of $^{76}$Ge-enriched detectors whose surface exposure time was carefully controlled, resulting in extremely low levels of cosmogenic activation., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2022
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20. Search for solar axions via axion-photon coupling with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Axions were originally proposed to explain the strong-CP problem in QCD. Through the axion-photon coupling, the Sun could be a major source of axions, which could be measured in solid state detection experiments with enhancements due to coherent Primakoff-Bragg scattering. The Majorana Demonstrator experiment has searched for solar axions with a set of $^{76}$Ge-enriched high purity germanium detectors using a 33 kg-yr exposure collected between Jan. 2017 and Nov. 2019. A temporal-energy analysis gives a new limit on the axion-photon coupling as $g_{a\gamma}<1.45\times 10^{-9}$ GeV$^{-1}$ (95% C.I.) for axions with mass up to 100 eV/$c^2$. This improves laboratory-based limits between about 1 eV/$c^2$ and 100 eV/$c^2$., Comment: Minor updates to match published version

Published
2022
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21. Experimental study of 13C({\alpha},n)16O reactions in the Majorana Demonstrator calibration data

Author

MAJORANA Collaboration, Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Neutron captures and delayed decays of reaction products are common sources of backgrounds in ultra-rare event searches. In this work, we studied $^{13}$C($\alpha,n)^{16}$O reactions induced by $\alpha$-particles emitted within the calibration sources of the \textsc{Majorana Demonstrator}. These sources are thorium-based calibration standards enclosed in carbon-rich materials. The reaction rate was estimated by using the 6129-keV $\gamma$-rays emitted from the excited $^{16}$O states that are populated when the incoming $\alpha$-particles exceed the reaction Q-value. Thanks to the excellent energy performance of the \textsc{Demonstrator}'s germanium detectors, these characteristic photons can be clearly observed in the calibration data. Facilitated by \textsc{Geant4} simulations, a comparison between the observed 6129-keV photon rates and predictions by a TALYS-based software was performed. The measurements and predictions were found to be consistent, albeit with large statistical uncertainties. This agreement provides support for background projections from ($\alpha,n$)-reactions in future double-beta decay search efforts., Comment: Published version

Published
2022
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22. KATRIN: Status and Prospects for the Neutrino Mass and Beyond

Author

Aker, M., Balzer, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bombelli, L., Bormann, D., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brofferio, C., Bruch, C., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Cremonesi, O., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fink, D., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grande, A., Grössle, R., Gugiatti, M., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., King, P., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lechner, P., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Manfrin, D., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mazzola, E., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pigliafreddo, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Puritscher, M., Radford, D. C., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R. W. J., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Sedlak, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trigilio, P., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Voigt, P., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, E., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wunderl, L., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to measure a high-precision integral spectrum of the endpoint region of T2 beta decay, with the primary goal of probing the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. After a first tritium commissioning campaign in 2018, the experiment has been regularly running since 2019, and in its first two measurement campaigns has already achieved a sub-eV sensitivity. After 1000 days of data-taking, KATRIN's design sensitivity is 0.2 eV at the 90% confidence level. In this white paper we describe the current status of KATRIN; explore prospects for measuring the neutrino mass and other physics observables, including sterile neutrinos and other beyond-Standard-Model hypotheses; and discuss research-and-development projects that may further improve the KATRIN sensitivity., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. 70 pages excluding references; 35 figures. Author list updated June 2023

Published
2022
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23. Search for charge nonconservation and Pauli exclusion principle violation with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

MAJORANA Collaboration, Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bhimani, K. H., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Li, A., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Schaper, D. C., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Charge conservation and the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) result from fundamental symmetries in the Standard Model, and are typically taken as axiomatic. High-precision tests for small violations of these symmetries could point to new physics. In this work we consider three models for violation of these processes which would produce detectable ionization in the high-purity germanium detectors of the Majorana Demonstrator. Using a 37.5 kg-yr exposure, we report a new lower limit on the electron mean lifetime of $\tau_e > 3.2 \times 10^{25}$ yr (90\% CL), the best result for this decay channel ($e \rightarrow \nu_e \overline{\nu_e} \nu_e$ or more generally $e \rightarrow \mathrm{invisibles}$) in more than two decades. We also present searches for two types of violation of the PEP, setting new limits on the probability of two electrons forming a symmetric quantum state. Using our $^{228}$Th calibration data set, which introduces electrons new to the system through electron-positron pair production, we obtain a world-leading model-independent limit for a terrestrial experiment of $\beta^2/2 < 1.0 \times 10^{-3}$ (99.7\% CL). Our 37.5 kg-yr exposure is also used to search for a process where an electron in an atomic system spontaneously violates the PEP, resulting in a model-dependent upper limit of $\beta^2/2 < 1.0 \times 10^{-48}$ (90\% CL).

Published
2022

24. New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs

Author

Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report on the direct cosmic relic neutrino background search from the first two science runs of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV. The analysis is sensitive to a local relic neutrino overdensity of 9.7e10 (1.1e11) at a 90% (95%) confidence level. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint accounting for relic neutrino captures in the Tritium source reveals no significant overdensity. This work improves the results obtained by the previous kinematic neutrino mass experiments at Los Alamos and Troitsk. We furthermore update the projected final sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment to <1e10 at 90% confidence level, by relying on updated operational conditions., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures

Published
2022
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25. Search for Spontaneous Radiation from Wavefunction Collapse in the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment comprises a 44 kg (30 kg enriched in $^{76}\mathrm{Ge}$) array of $p$-type, point-contact germanium detectors. With its unprecedented energy resolution and ultralow backgrounds, Majorana also searches for rare event signatures from beyond standard model physics in the low energy region below 100 keV. In this Letter, we test the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, one of the mathematically well-motivated wave function collapse models aimed at solving the long-standing unresolved quantum mechanical measurement problem. While the CSL predicts the existence of a detectable radiation signature in the x-ray domain, we find no evidence of such radiation in the 19--100 keV range in a 37.5 kg-y enriched germanium exposure collected between December 31, 2015, and November 27, 2019, with the Demonstrator. We explored both the non-mass-proportional (n-m-p) and the mass-proportional (m-p) versions of the CSL with two different assumptions: that only the quasifree electrons can emit the x-ray radiation and that the nucleus can coherently emit an amplified radiation. In all cases, we set the most stringent upper limit to date for the white CSL model on the collapse rate, $\lambda$, providing a factor of 40--100 improvement in sensitivity over comparable searches. Our limit is the most stringent for large parts of the allowed parameter space. If the result is interpreted in terms of the Di\`osi-Penrose gravitational wave function collapse model, the lower bound with a 95% confidence level is almost an order of magnitude improvement over the previous best limit., Comment: This document was corrected in accordance with the erratum: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.239902. The number presented in the recent version of this article is correct

Published
2022
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26. Improved eV-scale Sterile-Neutrino Constraints from the Second KATRIN Measurement Campaign

Author

Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present the results of the light sterile neutrino search from the second KATRIN measurement campaign in 2019. Approaching nominal activity, $3.76 \times 10^6$ tritium $\beta$-electrons are analyzed in an energy window extending down to $40\,$eV below the tritium endpoint at $E_0 = 18.57\,$keV. We consider the $3\nu+1$ framework with three active and one sterile neutrino flavor. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass eigenstate $m_4^2\lesssim1600\,$eV$^2$ and active-to-sterile mixing $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 6 \times 10^{-3}$. As no sterile-neutrino signal was observed, we provide improved exclusion contours on $m_4^2$ and $|U_{e4}|^2$ at $95\,$% C.L. Our results supersede the limits from the Mainz and Troitsk experiments. Furthermore, we are able to exclude the large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ solutions of the reactor antineutrino and gallium anomalies to a great extent. The latter has recently been reaffirmed by the BEST collaboration and could be explained by a sterile neutrino with large mixing. While the remaining solutions at small $\Delta m_{41}^2$ are mostly excluded by short-baseline reactor experiments, KATRIN is the only ongoing laboratory experiment to be sensitive to relevant solutions at large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ through a robust spectral shape analysis., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables

Published
2022
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27. The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR Readout Electronics System

Author

Abgrall, N., Amman, M., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bhimani, K. H., Bos, B., Bradley, A. W., Burritt, T. H., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cooper, R. J., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Li, A., Loach, J. C., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Luke, P. N., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Peterson, D., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Robertson, R. G. H., Ruof, N. W., Sayki, B., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Turqueti, M., Van Wechel, T. D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Vetter, K., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yaver, H., Yu, C. -H., Zhu, B. X., and Zimmermann, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR comprises two arrays of high-purity germanium detectors constructed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in 76-Ge and other physics beyond the Standard Model. Its readout electronics were designed to have low electronic noise, and radioactive backgrounds were minimized by using low-mass components and low-radioactivity materials near the detectors. This paper provides a description of all components of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR readout electronics, spanning the front-end electronics and internal cabling, back-end electronics, digitizer, and power supplies, along with the grounding scheme. The spectroscopic performance achieved with these readout electronics is also demonstrated., Comment: For submission to JINST, 17 figures. v2: revised version

Published
2021
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28. Signatures of muonic activation in the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Edwards, T. R., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lannen V, T. E., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Experiments searching for very rare processes such as neutrinoless double-beta decay require a detailed understanding of all sources of background. Signals from radioactive impurities present in construction and detector materials can be suppressed using a number of well-understood techniques. Background from in-situ cosmogenic interactions can be reduced by siting an experiment deep underground. However, the next generation of such experiments have unprecedented sensitivity goals of 10$^{28}$ years half-life with background rates of 10$^{-5}$cts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest. To achieve these goals, the remaining cosmogenic background must be well understood. In the work presented here, Majorana Demonstrator data is used to search for decay signatures of meta-stable germanium isotopes. Contributions to the region of interest in energy and time are estimated using simulations, and compared to Demonstrator data. Correlated time-delayed signals are used to identify decay signatures of isotopes produced in the germanium detectors. A good agreement between expected and measured rate is found and different simulation frameworks are used to estimate the uncertainties of the predictions. The simulation campaign is then extended to characterize the background for the LEGEND experiment, a proposed tonne-scale effort searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures

Published
2021
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29. Cholesterol and matrisome pathways dysregulated in astrocytes and microglia

Author

Tcw, Julia, Qian, Lu, Pipalia, Nina H, Chao, Michael J, Liang, Shuang A, Shi, Yang, Jain, Bharat R, Bertelsen, Sarah E, Kapoor, Manav, Marcora, Edoardo, Sikora, Elizabeth, Andrews, Elizabeth J, Martini, Alessandra C, Karch, Celeste M, Head, Elizabeth, Holtzman, David M, Zhang, Bin, Wang, Minghui, Maxfield, Frederick R, Poon, Wayne W, and Goate, Alison M

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Stem Cell Research, Neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Brain Disorders, Genetics, Aging, Neurosciences, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Apolipoprotein E3, Apolipoprotein E4, Apolipoproteins E, Astrocytes, Cholesterol, Humans, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Mice, Microglia, APOE, Alzheimer, astrocytes, cholesterol, genetic heterogeneity, haplotypes, iPSC disease modeling, inflammation, matrisome, microglia, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

The impact of apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), on human brain cellular function remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of APOE4 on brain cell types derived from population and isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells, post-mortem brain, and APOE targeted replacement mice. Population and isogenic models demonstrate that APOE4 local haplotype, rather than a single risk allele, contributes to risk. Global transcriptomic analyses reveal human-specific, APOE4-driven lipid metabolic dysregulation in astrocytes and microglia. APOE4 enhances de novo cholesterol synthesis despite elevated intracellular cholesterol due to lysosomal cholesterol sequestration in astrocytes. Further, matrisome dysregulation is associated with upregulated chemotaxis, glial activation, and lipid biosynthesis in astrocytes co-cultured with neurons, which recapitulates altered astrocyte matrisome signaling in human brain. Thus, APOE4 initiates glia-specific cell and non-cell autonomous dysregulation that may contribute to increased AD risk.

Published
2022

30. LEGEND-1000 Preconceptual Design Report

Author

LEGEND Collaboration, Abgrall, N., Abt, I., Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Andreoiu, C., Araujo, G. R., Avignone III, F. T., Bae, W., Bakalyarov, A., Balata, M., Bantel, M., Barabanov, I., Barabash, A. S., Barbeau, P. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Bernieri, E., Bezrukov, L., Bhimani, K. H., Biancacci, V., Blalock, E., Bolozdynya, A., Borden, S., Bos, B., Bossio, E., Boston, A., Bothe, V., Bouabid, R., Boyd, S., Brugnera, R., Burlac, N., Busch, M., Caldwell, A., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R., Cattadori, C., Chan, Y. -D., Chernogorov, A., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M., Cohen, T., Combs, D., Comellato, T., Cooper, R. J., Costa, I. A., D'Andrea, V., Detwiler, J. A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marco, N., Dobson, J., Drobizhev, A., Durand, M. R., Edzards, F., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Engelhardt, A., Fajt, L., Faud, N., Febbraro, M. T., Ferella, F., Fields, D. E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Fox, H., Franchi, J., Gala, R., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Geraci, A., Gilbert, C., Gold, M., Gooch, C., Gradwohl, K. P., Green, M. P., Grinyer, G. F., Grobov, A., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I., Guiseppe, V. E., Gurentsov, V., Gurov, Y., Gusev, K., Hacket, B., Hagemann, F., Hakenmüeller, J., Haranczyk, M., Hauertmann, L., Haufe, C. R., Hayward, C., Heffron, B., Henkes, F., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hinton, J., Hodak, R., Hoffmann, H., Hofmann, W., Hostiuc, A., Huang, J., Hult, M., Mirza, M. Ibrahim, Jochum, J., Jones, R., Judson, D., Junker, M., Kaizer, J., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kidd, M., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kim, I., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Konovalov, S. I., Kontul, I., Kool, K., Kormos, L. L., Kornoukhov, V. N., Korosec, M., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., López-Castaño, J. M., Lang, K., Laubenstein, M., León, E., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Li, A., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Liu, X., Liu, J., Loomba, D., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lusardi, N., Müller, Y., Macko, M., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Mamedov, F., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Marshall, G., Martin, R. D., Martin, E. L., Massarczyk, R., Mei, D., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Misiaszek, M., Mondragon, E., Morella, M., Morgan, B., Mroz, T., Muenstermann, D., Nave, C. J., Nemchenok, I., Neuberger, M., Oli, T. K., Gann, G. Orebi, Othman, G., Palušova, V., Panth, R., Papp, L., Paudel, L. S., Pelczar, K., Perez, J. Perez, Pertoldi, L., Pettus, W., Piseri, P., Poon, A. W. P., Povinec, P., Pullia, A., Radford, D. C., Ramachers, Y. A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Reine, A. L., Riboldi, S., Rielage, K., Rozov, S., Rukhadze, E., Rumyantseva, N., Runge, J., Ruof, N. W., Saakyan, R., Sailer, S., Salamanna, G., Salamida, F., Salvat, D. J., Sandukovsky, V., Schönert, S., Schültz, A., Schütt, M., Schaper, D. C., Schreiner, J., Schulz, O., Schuster, M., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shaflee, M., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shitov, Y., Simgen, H., Simkovic, F., Skorokhvatov, M., Slavickova, M., Smolek, K., Smolnikov, A., Solomon, J. A., Song, G., Starosta, K., Stekl, I., Stommel, M., Stukov, D., Sumathi, R. R., Sweigart, D. A., Szczepaniec, K., Taffarello, L., Tagnani, D., Tayloe, R., Tedeschi, D., Turqueti, M., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Veresnikova, A., Vetter, K., Vignoli, C., Vogl, C., von Sturm, K., Waters, D., Waters, J. C., Wei, W., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Willers, M., Wiseman, C., Wojcik, M., Wu, V. H. -S., Xu, W., Yakushev, E., Ye, T., Yu, C. -H., Yumatov, V., Zaretski, N., Zeman, J., Zhitnikov, I., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A. -K., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We propose the construction of LEGEND-1000, the ton-scale Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay. This international experiment is designed to answer one of the highest priority questions in fundamental physics. It consists of 1000 kg of Ge detectors enriched to more than 90% in the $^{76}$Ge isotope operated in a liquid argon active shield at a deep underground laboratory. By combining the lowest background levels with the best energy resolution in the field, LEGEND-1000 will perform a quasi-background-free search and can make an unambiguous discovery of neutrinoless double-beta decay with just a handful of counts at the decay $Q$ value. The experiment is designed to probe this decay with a 99.7%-CL discovery sensitivity in the $^{76}$Ge half-life of $1.3\times10^{28}$ years, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass upper limit in the range of 9-21 meV, to cover the inverted-ordering neutrino mass scale with 10 yr of live time.

Published
2021

31. Human neural cell type‐specific extracellular vesicle proteome defines disease‐related molecules associated with activated astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease brain

Author

You, Yang, Muraoka, Satoshi, Jedrychowski, Mark P, Hu, Jianqiao, McQuade, Amanda K, Young‐Pearse, Tracy, Aslebagh, Roshanak, Shaffer, Scott A, Gygi, Steven P, Blurton‐Jones, Mathew, Poon, Wayne W, and Ikezu, Tsuneya

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Stem Cell Research, Brain Disorders, Dementia, Aging, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Alzheimer's Disease, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Astrocytes, Biomarkers, Brain, Cognitive Dysfunction, Extracellular Vesicles, Humans, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Integrin beta1, Proteome, tau Proteins, Biochemistry and cell biology
Abstract

In neurodegenerative diseases, extracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer pathogenic molecules and are consequently involved in disease progression. We have investigated the proteomic profiles of EVs that were isolated from four different human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cell types (excitatory neurons, astrocytes, microglia-like cells, and oligodendrocyte-like cells). Novel cell type-specific EV protein markers were then identified for the excitatory neurons (ATP1A3, NCAM1), astrocytes (LRP1, ITGA6), microglia-like cells (ITGAM, LCP1), and oligodendrocyte-like cells (LAMP2, FTH1), as well as 16 pan-EV marker candidates, including integrins and annexins. To further demonstrate how cell-type-specific EVs may be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we performed protein co-expression network analysis and conducted cell type assessments for the proteomes of brain-derived EVs from the control, mild cognitive impairment, and AD cases. A protein module enriched in astrocyte-specific EV markers was most significantly associated with the AD pathology and cognitive impairment, suggesting an important role in AD progression. The hub protein from this module, integrin-β1 (ITGB1), was found to be significantly elevated in astrocyte-specific EVs enriched from the total brain-derived AD EVs and associated with the brain β-amyloid and tau load in independent cohorts. Thus, our study provides a featured framework and rich resource for the future analyses of EV functions in neurodegenerative diseases in a cell type-specific manner.

Published
2022

32. First direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-eV sensitivity

Author

Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gupta, V., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report the results of the second measurement campaign of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. KATRIN probes the effective electron anti-neutrino mass, $m_{\nu}$, via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum close to its endpoint at $18.6\,\mathrm{keV}$. In the second physics run presented here, the source activity was increased by a factor of 3.8 and the background was reduced by $25\,\%$ with respect to the first campaign. A sensitivity on $m_{\nu}$ of $0.7\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ at $90\,\%$ confidence level (CL) was reached. This is the first sub-eV sensitivity from a direct neutrino-mass experiment. The best fit to the spectral data yields $m_{\nu}^2 = (0.26\pm0.34)\,\mathrm{eV^4/c^4}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.9\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL). By combining this result with the first neutrino mass campaign, we find an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.8\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL)., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables

Published
2021

33. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author

Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Miniawy, A. El, Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Meier, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwachtgen, C., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $m_\nu$ of 0.2$\,$eV/c$^2$ (90% CL). For this purpose, the $\beta$-electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6$\,$keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $\beta$-electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the \linebreak energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% T$_2$ gas mixture at 30$\,$K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino mass analyses, as well as a D$_2$ gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $\sigma(m_\nu^2)<10^{-2}\,\mathrm{eV}^2$ [arXiv:2101.05253] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level., Comment: 12 figures, 18 pages; to be submitted to EPJ C

Published
2021
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35. The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment

Author

Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Amsbaugh, J. F., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Bast, J., Bauer, S., Bechtler, H., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bender, B., Berendes, R., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bettin, C., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bohn, J., Bokeloh, K., Bolz, H., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Bouquet, H., Boyd, N. M., Brunst, T., Burritt, T. H., Caldwell, T. S., Chaoui, Z., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Cox, G. A., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eichelhardt, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frenzel, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gehring, R., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Grimm, J., Grohmann, S., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Häßler, D., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Harper, G. C., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Held, M., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzmann, S., Horn, S., Hötzel, M., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., James, T., Jansen, A., Kaiser, M., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Klein, M., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Kumb, A., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M. L., Lehnert, B., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Lewis, R. J., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mehret, K., Meloni, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Monreal, B., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Myers, A. W., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Parno, D. S., Peterson, D. A., Plischke, P., Poon, A. W. P., Prall, M., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Reich, J., Renschler, P., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rupp, S., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Sagawe, M., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Van Wechel, T. D., Vénos, D., Verbeek, A., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Vogt, K., Wall, B. L., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weingardt, H., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadoroghny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns., Comment: Added missing acknowledgement, corrected performance statement in chapter 4.2.5, updated author list and references

Published
2021
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36. Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

Author

Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Díaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Köllenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Müller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Vénos, D., Valerius, K., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on the data set, data handling, and detailed analysis techniques of the first neutrino-mass measurement by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which probes the absolute neutrino-mass scale via the $\beta$-decay kinematics of molecular tritium. The source is highly pure, cryogenic T$_2$ gas. The $\beta$ electrons are guided along magnetic field lines toward a high-resolution, integrating spectrometer for energy analysis. A silicon detector counts $\beta$ electrons above the energy threshold of the spectrometer, so that a scan of the thresholds produces a precise measurement of the high-energy spectral tail. After detailed theoretical studies, simulations, and commissioning measurements, extending from the molecular final-state distribution to inelastic scattering in the source to subtleties of the electromagnetic fields, our independent, blind analyses allow us to set an upper limit of 1.1 eV on the neutrino-mass scale at a 90\% confidence level. This first result, based on a few weeks of running at a reduced source intensity and dominated by statistical uncertainty, improves on prior limits by nearly a factor of two. This result establishes an analysis framework for future KATRIN measurements, and provides important input to both particle theory and cosmology., Comment: 36 pages with 26 figures. Accepted to Phys. Rev. D

Published
2021
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37. Exosomal tau with seeding activity is released from Alzheimer’s disease synapses, and seeding potential is associated with amyloid beta

Author

Miyoshi, Emily, Bilousova, Tina, Melnik, Mikhail, Fakhrutdinov, Danyl, Poon, Wayne W, Vinters, Harry V, Miller, Carol A, Corrada, Maria, Kawas, Claudia, Bohannan, Ryan, Caraway, Chad, Elias, Chris, Maina, Katherine N, Campagna, Jesus J, John, Varghese, and Gylys, Karen Hoppens

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Aging, Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia, Neurosciences, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Brain Disorders, Neurodegenerative, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Extracellular Vesicles, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Middle Aged, Protein Aggregation, Pathological, Synapses, Synaptosomes, tau Proteins, Pathology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Synaptic transfer of tau has long been hypothesized from the human pathology pattern and has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes have been suggested as a mechanism, but not all tau is exosomal. The present experiments use a novel flow cytometry assay to quantify depolarization of synaptosomes by KCl after loading with FM2-10, which induces a fluorescence reduction associated with synaptic vesicle release; the degree of reduction in cryopreserved human samples equaled that seen in fresh mouse synaptosomes. Depolarization induced the release of vesicles in the size range of exosomes, along with tetraspanin markers of extracellular vesicles. A number of tau peptides were released, including tau oligomers; released tau was primarily unphosphorylated and C-terminal truncated, with Aβ release just above background. When exosomes were immunopurified from release supernatants, a prominent tau band showed a dark smeared appearance of SDS-stable oligomers along with the exosomal marker syntenin-1, and these exosomes induced aggregation in the HEK tau biosensor assay. However, the flow-through did not seed aggregation. Size exclusion chromatography of purified released exosomes shows faint signals from tau in the same fractions that show a CD63 band, an exosomal size signal, and seeding activity. Crude synaptosomes from control, tauopathy, and AD cases demonstrated lower seeding in tauopathy compared to AD that is correlated with the measured Aβ42 level. These results show that AD synapses release exosomal tau that is C-terminal-truncated, oligomeric, and with seeding activity that is enhanced by Aβ. Taken together with previous findings, these results are consistent with a direct prion-like heterotypic seeding of tau by Aβ within synaptic terminals, with subsequent loading of aggregated tau onto exosomes that are released and competent for tau seeding activity.

Published
2021

38. Bound on 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing from the first four-week science run of KATRIN

Author

Aker, M., Altenmueller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Boettcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Diaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, M. Fedkevych A., Formaggio, J. A., Fraenkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glueck, F., Groessle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hoehn, T., Hannen, V., Haussmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Koellenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalik, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Guennic, N. Le, Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Mueller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Roellig, M., Roettele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schaefer, P., Schimpf, L., Schloesser, M., Schloesser, K., Schlueter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Sefcik, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezak, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thuemmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Venos, D., Valerius, K., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wuestling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in~2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino of mass $m_{4}$. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass state $m^2_{4} \lesssim$ 1000 eV$^2$ and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 2\cdot10^{-2}$. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results and improve the Troitsk bound for $m^2_{4} <$ 30 eV$^2$. The reactor and gallium anomalies are constrained for $ 100 < \Delta{m}^2_{41} < 1000$ eV$^2$., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020
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39. Correction to: α-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson’s disease from multiple system atrophy

Author

Dutta, Suman, Hornung, Simon, Kruayatidee, Adira, Maina, Katherine N, del Rosario, Irish, Paul, Kimberly C, Wong, Darice Y, Duarte Folle, Aline, Markovic, Daniela, Palma, Jose-Alberto, Serrano, Geidy E, Adler, Charles H, Perlman, Susan L, Poon, Wayne W, Kang, Un Jung, Alcalay, Roy N, Sklerov, Miriam, Gylys, Karen H, Kaufmann, Horacio, Fogel, Brent L, Bronstein, Jeff M, Ritz, Beate, and Bitan, Gal

Subjects
Neurological, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02332-0.

Published
2021

40. α-Synuclein in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers distinguishes Parkinson’s disease from multiple system atrophy

Author

Dutta, Suman, Hornung, Simon, Kruayatidee, Adira, Maina, Katherine N, del Rosario, Irish, Paul, Kimberly C, Wong, Darice Y, Duarte Folle, Aline, Markovic, Daniela, Palma, Jose-Alberto, Serrano, Geidy E, Adler, Charles H, Perlman, Susan L, Poon, Wayne W, Kang, Un Jung, Alcalay, Roy N, Sklerov, Miriam, Gylys, Karen H, Kaufmann, Horacio, Fogel, Brent L, Bronstein, Jeff M, Ritz, Beate, and Bitan, Gal

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Brain Disorders, Parkinson's Disease, Aging, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Neurological, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Area Under Curve, Biomarkers, Cohort Studies, Diagnosis, Differential, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Exosomes, Female, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple System Atrophy, Neurons, Oligodendroglia, Parkinson Disease, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, alpha-Synuclein, Biomarker, Extracellular vesicles, Synucleinopathy, Biofluid, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes is difficult due to the lack of reliable, easily accessible biomarkers. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a synucleinopathy whose symptoms often overlap with PD. Exosomes isolated from blood by immunoprecipitation using CNS markers provide a window into the brain's biochemistry and may assist in distinguishing between PD and MSA. Thus, we asked whether α-synuclein (α-syn) in such exosomes could distinguish among healthy individuals, patients with PD, and patients with MSA. We isolated exosomes from the serum or plasma of these three groups by immunoprecipitation using neuronal and oligodendroglial markers in two independent cohorts and measured α-syn in these exosomes using an electrochemiluminescence ELISA. In both cohorts, α-syn concentrations were significantly lower in the control group and significantly higher in the MSA group compared to the PD group. The ratio between α-syn concentrations in putative oligodendroglial exosomes compared to putative neuronal exosomes was a particularly sensitive biomarker for distinguishing between PD and MSA. Combining this ratio with the α-syn concentration itself and the total exosome concentration, a multinomial logistic model trained on the discovery cohort separated PD from MSA with an AUC = 0.902, corresponding to 89.8% sensitivity and 86.0% specificity when applied to the independent validation cohort. The data demonstrate that a minimally invasive blood test measuring α-syn in blood exosomes immunoprecipitated using CNS markers can distinguish between patients with PD and patients with MSA with high sensitivity and specificity. Future optimization and validation of the data by other groups would allow this strategy to become a viable diagnostic test for synucleinopathies.

Published
2021

41. The Majorana Demonstrator's Search for Double-Beta Decay of $^{76}$Ge to Excited States of $^{76}$Se

Author

Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwards, T. R., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Paudel, L. S., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Saykı, B., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator is a neutrinoless double-beta decay search consisting of a low-background modular array of high-purity germanium detectors, $\sim2/3$ of which are enriched to 88\% in $^{76}$Ge. The experiment is also searching for double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge to excited states (e.s.) in $^{76}$Se. $^{76}$Ge can decay into three daughter states of $^{76}$Se, with clear event signatures consisting of a $\beta\beta$-decay followed by the prompt emission of one or two $\gamma$-rays. This results with high probability in multi-detector coincidences. The granularity of the Demonstrator detector array enables powerful discrimination of this event signature from backgrounds. Using 41.9~kg-y of isotopic exposure, the Demonstrator has set world leading limits for each e.s.\ decay of $^{76}$Ge, with 90\% CL lower half-life limits in the range of $(0.75-4.0)\times10^{24}$~y. In particular, for the $2\nu$ transition to the first $0^+$ e.s.\ of $^{76}$Se, a lower half-life limit of $7.5\times10^{23}$~y at 90\% CL was achieved., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures

Published
2020
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42. Search for $hep$ solar neutrinos and the diffuse supernova neutrino background using all three phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

Aharmim, B., Ahmed, S. N., Anthony, A. E., Barros, N., Beier, E. W., Bellerive, A., Beltran, B., Bergevin, M., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boudjemline, K., Boulay, M. G., Cai, B., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chan, Y. D., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Cleveland, B. T., Cox, G. A., Dai, X., Deng, H., Descamps, F. B., Detwiler, J. A., Doe, P. J., Doucas, G., Drouin, P. -L., Dunford, M., Elliott, S. R., Evans, H. C., Ewan, G. T., Farine, J., Fergani, H., Fleurot, F., Ford, R. J., Formaggio, J. A., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Goon, J. TM., Graham, K., Guillian, E., Habib, S., Hahn, R. L., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, E. D., Harvey, P. J., Hazama, R., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hime, A., Howard, C., Huang, M., Jagam, P., Jamieson, B., Jelley, N. A., Jerkins, M., Keeter, K. J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Kos, M., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Krüger, A., Kutter, T., Kyba, C. C. M., Labe, K., Land, B. J., Lange, R., LaTorre, A., Law, J., Lawson, I. T., Lesko, K. T., Leslie, J. R., Levine, I., Loach, J. C., MacLellan, R., Majerus, S., Mak, H. B., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McGee, S. R., Miller, M. L., Monreal, B., Monroe, J., Nickel, B. G., Noble, A. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Oblath, N. S., Okada, C. E., Ollerhead, R. W., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Oser, S. M., Ott, R. A., Peeters, S. J. M., Poon, A. W. P., Prior, G., Reitzner, S. D., Rielage, K., Robertson, B. C., Robertson, R. G. H., Schwendener, M. H., Secrest, J. A., Seibert, S. R., Simard, O., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Sonley, T. J., Stonehill, L. C., Tešić, G., Tolich, N., Tsui, T., Van Berg, R., VanDevender, B. A., Virtue, C. J., Wall, B. L., Waller, D., Tseung, H. Wan Chan, Wark, D. L., Wendland, J., West, N., Wilkerson, J. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T., Wright, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, F., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A search has been performed for neutrinos from two sources, the $hep$ reaction in the solar $pp$ fusion chain and the $\nu_e$ component of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), using the full dataset of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with a total exposure of 2.47 kton-years after fiducialization. The $hep$ search is performed using both a single-bin counting analysis and a likelihood fit. We find a best-fit flux that is compatible with solar model predictions while remaining consistent with zero flux, and set a one-sided upper limit of $\Phi_{hep} < 30\times10^{3}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}~\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ [90% credible interval (CI)]. No events are observed in the DSNB search region, and we set an improved upper bound on the $\nu_e$ component of the DSNB flux of $\Phi^\mathrm{DSNB}_{\nu_e} < 19~\textrm{cm}^{-2}~\textrm{s}^{-1}$ (90% CI) in the energy range $22.9 < E_\nu < 36.9$~MeV., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures

Published
2020
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43. $\alpha$-event Characterization and Rejection in Point-Contact HPGe Detectors

Author

The MAJORANA Collaboration, Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Blalock, E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwards, T. R., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., López-Castaño, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Saykı, B., Schönert, S., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Wilkerson, J. F., Willers, M., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

P-type point contact (PPC) HPGe detectors are a leading technology for rare event searches due to their excellent energy resolution, low thresholds, and multi-site event rejection capabilities. We have characterized a PPC detector's response to $\alpha$ particles incident on the sensitive passivated and p+ surfaces, a previously poorly-understood source of background. The detector studied is identical to those in the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR experiment, a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{76}$Ge. $\alpha$ decays on most of the passivated surface exhibit significant energy loss due to charge trapping, with waveforms exhibiting a delayed charge recovery (DCR) signature caused by the slow collection of a fraction of the trapped charge. The DCR is found to be complementary to existing methods of $\alpha$ identification, reliably identifying $\alpha$ background events on the passivated surface of the detector. We demonstrate effective rejection of all surface $\alpha$ events (to within statistical uncertainty) with a loss of only 0.2% of bulk events by combining the DCR discriminator with previously-used methods. The DCR discriminator has been used to reduce the background rate in the $0\nu\beta\beta$ region of interest window by an order of magnitude in the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, and will be used in the upcoming LEGEND-200 experiment., Comment: Accepted for publication in European Journal of Physics C

Published
2020
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44. ADC Nonlinearity Correction for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR

Author

Abgrall, N., Allmond, J. M., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Campbell, C. M., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Crawford, H. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., White, B. R., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., Zhu, B. X., and Shanks, B.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Imperfections in analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) cannot be ignored when signal digitization requirements demand both wide dynamic range and high resolution, as is the case for the Majorana Demonstrator 76Ge neutrinoless double beta decay search. Enabling the experiment's high-resolution spectral analysis and efficient pulse shape discrimination required careful measurement and correction of ADC nonlinearites. A simple measurement protocol was developed that did not require sophisticated equipment or lengthy data taking campaigns. A slope-dependent hysteresis was observed and characterized. A correction applied to digitized waveforms prior to signal processing reduced the differential and integral nonlinearites by an order of magnitude, eliminating these as dominant contributions to the systematic energy uncertainty at the double-beta decay Q value.

Published
2020
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45. Search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with the first KATRIN data

Author

Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefǧík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Published
2023
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46. A Low Energy Rare Event Search with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

MAJORANA Collaboration, Wiseman, C., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I. S., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Sayki, B., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is sensitive to rare events near its energy threshold, including bosonic dark matter, solar axions, and lightly ionizing particles. In this analysis, a novel training set of low energy small-angle Compton scatter events is used to determine the efficiency of pulse shape analysis cuts, and we present updated bosonic dark matter and solar axion results from an 11.17 kg-y dataset using a 5 keV analysis threshold., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2019), September 9-13, 2019, Toyama, Japan

Published
2019
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47. Results of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Double-Beta Decay of $^{76}$Ge to Excited States of $^{76}$Se

Author

Guinn, I. S., Arnquist, I. J., Avignone III, F. T., Barabash, A. S., Barton, C. J., Bertrand, F. E., Bos, B., Busch, M., Buuck, M., Caldwell, T. S., Chan, Y-D., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P-H., Clark, M. L., Cuesta, C., Detwiler, J. A., Drobizhev, A., Edwins, D. W., Efremenko, Yu., Ejiri, H., Elliott, S. R., Gilliss, T., Giovanetti, G. K., Green, M. P., Gruszko, J., Guiseppe, V. E., Haufe, C. R., Hegedus, R. J., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hoppe, E. W., Hostiuc, A., Kidd, M. F., Kim, I., Kouzes, R. T., Lopez, A. M., no, J. M. López-Casta, Martin, E. L., Martin, R. D., Massarczyk, R., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Myslik, J., Oli, T. K., Othman, G., Pettus, W., Poon, A. W. P., Radford, D. C., Rager, J., Reine, A. L., Rielage, K., Ruof, N. W., Stortini, M. J., Tedeschi, D., Varner, R. L., Wilkerson, J. F., Wiseman, C., Xu, W., Yu, C. -H., and Zhu, B. X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR is searching for double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge to excited states (E.S.) in $^{76}$Se using a modular array of high purity Germanium detectors. $^{76}$Ge can decay into three E.S.s of $^{76}$Se. The E.S. decays have a clear event signature consisting of a $\beta\beta$-decay with the prompt emission of one or two $\gamma$-rays, resulting in with high probability in a multi-site event. The granularity of the DEMONSTRATOR detector array enables powerful discrimination of this event signature from backgrounds. Using 21.3 kg-y of isotopic exposure, the DEMONSTRATOR has set world leading limits for each E.S. decay, with 90% CL lower half-life limits in the range of $(0.56-2.1)\cdot10^{24}$ y. In particular, for the $2\nu$ transition to the first $0^+$ E.S. of $^{76}$Se, a lower half-life limit of $0.68\cdot10^{24}$ at 90% CL was achieved.

Published
2019
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48. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author

Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Monreal, B., Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, "electron catchers" were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background., Comment: - 12 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added; precised a few arguments, added additional discussions, results unchanged

Published
2019
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49. Integration of Alzheimer’s disease genetics and myeloid genomics identifies disease risk regulatory elements and genes

Author

Novikova, Gloriia, Kapoor, Manav, TCW, Julia, Abud, Edsel M, Efthymiou, Anastasia G, Chen, Steven X, Cheng, Haoxiang, Fullard, John F, Bendl, Jaroslav, Liu, Yiyuan, Roussos, Panos, Björkegren, Johan LM, Liu, Yunlong, Poon, Wayne W, Hao, Ke, Marcora, Edoardo, and Goate, Alison M

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegenerative, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease, Aging, Stem Cell Research, Human Genome, Biotechnology, Prevention, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Alleles, Alzheimer Disease, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genomics, Humans, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Macrophages, Microglia, Myeloid Cells, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Transcriptome
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 40 loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the causal variants, regulatory elements, genes and pathways remain largely unknown, impeding a mechanistic understanding of AD pathogenesis. Previously, we showed that AD risk alleles are enriched in myeloid-specific epigenomic annotations. Here, we show that they are specifically enriched in active enhancers of monocytes, macrophages and microglia. We integrated AD GWAS with myeloid epigenomic and transcriptomic datasets using analytical approaches to link myeloid enhancer activity to target gene expression regulation and AD risk modification. We identify AD risk enhancers and nominate candidate causal genes among their likely targets (including AP4E1, AP4M1, APBB3, BIN1, MS4A4A, MS4A6A, PILRA, RABEP1, SPI1, TP53INP1, and ZYX) in twenty loci. Fine-mapping of these enhancers nominates candidate functional variants that likely modify AD risk by regulating gene expression in myeloid cells. In the MS4A locus we identified a single candidate functional variant and validated it in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived microglia and brain. Taken together, this study integrates AD GWAS with multiple myeloid genomic datasets to investigate the mechanisms of AD risk alleles and nominates candidate functional variants, regulatory elements and genes that likely modulate disease susceptibility.

Published
2021

50. Cosmogenic Neutron Production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

Aharmim, B., Ahmed, S. N., Anthony, A. E., Barros, N., Beier, E. W., Bellerive, A., Beltran, B., Bergevin, M., Biller, S. D., Bonventre, R., Boudjemline, K., Boulay, M. G., Cai, B., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chan, Y. D., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Cleveland, B. T., Cox, G. A., Curley, R., Dai, X., Deng, H., Descamps, F. B., Detwiler, J. A., Doe, P. J., Doucas, G., Drouin, P. -L., Dunford, M., Elliott, S. R., Evans, H. C., Ewan, G. T., Farine, J., Fergani, H., Fleurot, F., Ford, R. J., Formaggio, J. A., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Goon, J. TM., Graham, K., Guillian, E., Habib, S., Hahn, R. L., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, E. D., Harvey, P. J., Hazama, R., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hime, A., Howard, C., Huang, M., Jagam, P., Jamieson, B., Jelley, N. A., Jerkins, M., Kéfélian, C., Keeter, K. J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Kos, M., Kr\u, A., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kutter, T., Kyba, C. C. M., Land, B. J., Lange, R., Law, J., Lawson, I. T., Lesko, K. T., Leslie, J. R., Levine, I., Loach, J. C., MacLellan, R., Majerus, S., Mak, H. B., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McGee, S. R., Miller, M. L., Monreal, B., Monroe, J., Nickel, B. G., Noble, A. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Oblath, N. S., Okada, C. E., Ollerhead, R. W., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Oser, S. M., Ott, R. A., Peeters, S. J. M., Poon, A. W. P., Prior, G., Reitzner, S. D., Rielage, K., Robertson, B. C., Robertson, R. G. H., Schwendener, M. H., Secrest, J. A., Seibert, S. R., Simard, O., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Sonley, T. J., Stonehill, L. C., Teš, G., Tolich, N., Tsui, T., Van Berg, R., VanDevender, B. A., Virtue, C. J., Wall, B. L., Waller, D., Tseung, H. Wan Chan, Wark, D. L., Wendland, J., West, N., Wilkerson, J. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T., Wright, A., Yeh, M., Zhang, F., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Neutrons produced in nuclear interactions initiated by cosmic-ray muons present an irreducible background to many rare-event searches, even in detectors located deep underground. Models for the production of these neutrons have been tested against previous experimental data, but the extrapolation to deeper sites is not well understood. Here we report results from an analysis of cosmogenically produced neutrons at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. A specific set of observables are presented, which can be used to benchmark the validity of GEANT4 physics models. In addition, the cosmogenic neutron yield, in units of $10^{-4}\;\text{cm}^{2}/\left(\text{g}\cdot\mu\right)$, is measured to be $7.28 \pm 0.09\;\text{stat.} ^{+1.59}_{-1.12}\;\text{syst.}$ in pure heavy water and $7.30 \pm 0.07\;\text{stat.} ^{+1.40}_{-1.02}\;\text{syst.}$ in NaCl-loaded heavy water. These results provide unique insights into this potential background source for experiments at SNOLAB.

Published
2019
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