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The article presents the results of adapting the digital image correlation method for the possibility of diagnosing reinforced concrete structures. Reinforced concrete (RC) bending elements are the most widely used in construction practice, which determines the importance of reliable estimation of their stress-strain state. The purpose of this study includes reliable theoretical and experimental investigation of the strength and deformability parameters of the RC beam. The experimental study was conducted using digital image correlation and sub-micron contactless gauges. Experimental data was verified with the calculation of the stress-strain state of the RC beam according to DBN V.2.6-98:2009 and Eurocode 2 and the finite-element modelling (FEM). As a result, the values of deflections, concrete and rebar strains were obtained and presented as corresponding diagrams. The results of all the methods are within the same ranges. Also, the form and character of corresponding diagrams are very similar. The indicated deviations were within acceptable limits. It was noted that the theoretical calculation generally provides lower strain values, which is a satisfactory result, as it indicates the bearing capacity reserves provided by the current regulations. The propagation of cracks was monitored during the experiment and the measured cracks opening was compared with theoretical assumptions. Theoretical values are higher than experimental, which shows certain conservativity of valid normative regulations. The experimental and theoretical results were in good correspondence, which confirms their reliability. It was concluded, that the proposed in the study complex theoretic-experimental approach provides essential information about the strength and deformability of the structure.

Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) is represented in the world by about 200 ornamental forms, 43 of which were discovered and described in landscaping and nurseries of Lviv. The first plantations in Lviv date back to the 1920s. They were introduced by the professor at the Medical Institute T. Vilchynskyi, who brought material for cuttings from a nursery in Kurnik (Poland). The decorative qualities of these cultivars were determined on the basis of characteristic features and evaluated in points: the shape and density of the crown, the color of the needles, the nature of branching, and the features of seed-bearing. These decorative qualities formed the basis for the construction of various elements of garden and park compositions with the participation of tapeworms, alleys, green walls, hedges, boskets, topiaries, and rock gardens. The highest number of points (12) was obtained by 46.4% of ornamental forms, 11 - 16.3%, 10 - 9.3%, and 8 - 11.6%. Cultivars with a distinct regular crown shape received high evaluation points. The options for the spatial arrangement of individuals were proposed and the distance between seating positions was recommended. Taking into account the high plasticity of cultivars and the ability to form crowns, variants of clipped hedges and topiaries were recommended. Several models have been proposed based on the distribution of ornamental plant groups based on their symmetry, silhouettes, alignments, contrasts, colors, density, and sizes. Cultivars were selected for each variant, and their group arrangement was proposed.

Coal mine waste heaps are technogenic hazards that have been polluting the air, surface and groundwater, soil for years. At the UN Climate Conference COP26, held in November 2021 in Glasgow (Scotland), Ukraine and developed countries committed to carbon neutrality by 2060 and to abandoning fossil fuels by 2035. One of the largest technogenic factors in waste heaps is subterranean wastewater. Wastewater accumulates in the man-made reservoirs at the foot of the coal mine waste heaps. In our case, one of the most effective means of improving coal mining regions’ environmental quality is phytomelioration, particularly coastal and water reclamation. The article presents the results of research within the Lviv-Volyn coal basin (Ukraine). During the study of natural phytomelioration processes in the coastal zone of man-made reservoirs, it was found that vegetation develops within four zones: I – underwater vegetation that is permanently covered by water (22% of the total number of species); II – vegetation of fluctuating water levels (32%); III – vegetation of the coastal zone (14%); IV – vegetation above the coastal zone (32%). The species composition includes 37 species belonging to 20 families. By family composition, the largest share of the species composition belongs to representatives of Asteraceae (15%), Poaceae (11%), Potamogetonaceae (8%). The study of the species composition and family spectrum of coastal and aquatic phytomelioration processes is important in implementing environmental protection and ecological measures to improve the quality of the environment of technogenically affected coal mining areas.

Lviv (Ukraine), a city of about 1 million inhabitants, is classified as a Western Forest-Steppe according to the forestry zonation. The mesoclimatic anomaly in the western forest-steppe with its humid mild climate is composed of the sum of microclimates formed by the thermal regime. As in every large city, Lviv has historically developed a distinctive microclimate influenced by many natural and anthropogenic factors, including global climate change, urban development, population growth, landscape fires, etc. This contributes to the development of a heat island effect, which is characterised primarily by an increase in air temperature and a decrease in air humidity and is a negative factor for the development of vegetation in the city's green zone. It was necessary to investigate the territory of the "dry island" -- the lower tier of the "heat island" -- to determine the level of vitality of the main woody plants located within these boundaries. As it could be observed, the "dry island" is located in the dense development of the central part of the city, where the temperature of the dead underlying surface (stone, asphalt, concrete) was in the range of 57-62 °C, the air temperature was 28.5-29.1 °C, and the humidity was 50.2--51.2%. Drought conditions affect the growth, development and reproductive capacity of woody plants. It has been established that the heat island should be reduced by urban greening in the horizontal and vertical ranges, and to maintain the physiological stability of tree plantations in the hot season, it is necessary to develop recommendations for the care of vegetation in the green zone of the city, depending on microclimatic indicators, especially air and soil temperatures, air and soil humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of the article is to enhance the oil recovery coefficient of lower Menilite deposits of the Strutynsky oil field by using an ASP solution (a mixture of three agents: alkaline, surfactant and polymer (ASP)). The tasks were solved by choosing an effective method of enhancing oil recovery by using EORgui software and hydrodynamic modelling software by using Petrel, Eclipse software. Calculations of computer simulations indicate the possibility and technological efficiency of residual oil extraction through the use of ASP solution. After using the method of oil recovery enhancing in the lower Menilite deposits of the Strutynsky oil field by means of ASP solution, the coefficient of final oil recovery will increase from the initial value of 10.4% to the predicted 17.6%. For the first time, geological and hydrodynamic models have been created for the conditions of the Lower Menilite deposits of the Strutynsky oil field, and the most appropriate method for oil recovery enhancing by using the EORgui program has been selected. The suggested method for oil recovery enhancing can be applied within the framework of the concept for reviving the Lower Menilithic deposits of the Strutynsky oil field, as well as in other oil fields of Ukraine, which are developed with waterflood patterns and have similar geological and physical characteristics.

The article identifies the potential for introducing a system of electronic social services in the context of electronic government development in Ukraine. The definition of an electronic social service as a social service is given, fully or partially provided with the help of social protection institutions online services and the population social services, to individuals, certain social groups who are in difficult life circumstances. It has been determined that the development of modern information use and communication technologies and the Internet already allows the use of various forms of providing and receiving electronic social services, is spreading due to the state policy of public services digitalization ("the state in a smartphone"), among which a special demand is registration in electronic the form of social benefits, benefits, pensions and the like. According to the results obtained, the greatest potential for introduction into the social service system is possessed by social services, psychological online consultations, distance learning and socio-economic services. Among the factors for optimizing the implementation of electronic social services, the most significant identified are the following increases in budget funding, computer population, information support for the introduction of the electronic social services system through social advertising, increasing the level of technical support and access to the Internet.

Theoretical analysis and practical application of the management system of social processes is impossible without a clear methodological basis, which is part of the paradigm. The paradigm is usually based on a system of principles that determine the prospects for the development of science. An important achievement of modern methodology of science is the theoretical substantiation of the position on the historical variability of the paradigm. This is due to the steady process of development of social practice, the expansion of the problem field of science and the improvement of research methods. It follows that any paradigm, including management, exists only within a certain time. Then it inevitably undergoes rethinking and gives way to a new paradigm. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to try to identify the most promising semantic landmarks around which to improve the new paradigm of management of social processes, and the task - to record such paradigmatic changes in the system of principles.

The results of studies of peat located in the impact zone of municipal landfill are presented. It is established that according to the peat genetic horizons profile the distribution of the mobile fractions of heavy metals is manifested in a gradual decrease with depth. The content of heavy metals (manganese, copper, zinc, lead, cobalt, mercury) in the peat does not exceed the MAC, except for cadmium, which is spread by waste from the landfill. The source of cadmium in landfills is waste containing lacquers and paints, fluorescent lamps, batteries etc. Cadmium sulfide is the basis for yellow paints used in vehicle dyeing, textile production, soap making. Peat is characterized as very poor in micromycetes distribution. Some micromycetes detected are indicators of high mineral content and low heavy metal content. Analysis of peat micromycetes by growth rate showed that the slowest growing micromycetes owns the largest proportion - 70%. The distribution by color showed that dark-colored micromycetes of the Moniliaceae, characterized by toxicity, predominate. According to the humus reserve, peat is slightly humus. It is not recommended to use such peat for crop cultivation. Instead, peat can be a source of fuel under conditions of industrial development and compliance with existing rules and state standards.

The results of the research showed that hydromorphous soils prevail on the territories adjoined to waste heaps. Swampy meadow and sod soils were defined. During investigation of swampy meadow soils it was determined that the soil is humused at a considerable depth. The soils are saturated with the bases. According to granulometric texture it is sandy loam soils, but with depth go to the middle loamy soils. The analysis for labile forms of heavy metals showed that in these soils the content of investigated heavy metals does not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations, except for lead. The amount of humus in sod soils sharply decreases with depth, the reaction is close to neutral. This soil is of slightly heavier granulometric texture. The content of labile forms of heavy metals doesn’t exceed MACs, except for lead.

The problem of resource support planning in the process of reforming and developing rescue units of regional life safety systems is highlighted in this research. The absence of methods that allow optimizing the required amount of rescue equipment of the region in accordance with the optimal safety criterion is emphasized. Formulated the task of optimizing the safety criterion with the parameter of the number of rescue equipment and limitation in the form of logistical support capability. According to the results of previous studies, the algorithm and its software were developed for implementation in relation to planning of logistic support of rescue units (in the context of providing rescue equipment), which allows to determine the index of the optimal number of rescue units. The developed algorithm was tested on the example of administrative-territorial units of Lviv region, which showed its effectiveness.

The geochemical properties of water under the waste heaps within the Chervonohrad mining region have been studied. The environmental remediation around the technogenic reservoirs of rock heaps using the bioplateau systems is proposed. In 2017, samples were taken from reservoirs of technogenic origin located at the foot of rock heaps of such coal mines as “Mezhyrichanska”, “Velykomostivska”, “Stepova”, “Zarichna”, “Lisova” and “Chervonohradska”. According to the analysis of the studied parameters, it has been determined that water under the Mezhyrichanska Mine waste heaps is the most polluted. The most dangerous landscape-transforming factor of water under the waste heaps is the transfer of polluting substances into the soil, surface and subterranean waters. Through the use of the Pearson coefficients of correlation, the ratios between pollution patameters have been obtained. The determined correlation coefficients are high, positive (r = 0.78 – 0.99) and evidence of the toxic components spread in water under the waste heaps throughout the entire coal mining region. The obtained geochemical data on water under the waste heaps of mines in the Chervonohrad mining region are important in terms of the environmental impact assessment of mining activity on the human body and the biosphere components – the hydrosphere, the phytogenic field. It is necessary to establish environmental monitoring systems and to develop measures for the environmentally safe decommissioning the waste heaps of coal mines.

Novoyavorivsk is located near large sulfur deposits in a transborder with Poland. The existing sanitation system in Novoyavorivsk is imperfect. Municipal wastes are stored in cloughs, ravines, river valleys. This causes an environmental hazard, as polluted wastewater is discharged to the water bodies. The aim of the work is environmental hazard assessment of Novoyavorivsk landfill. The tasks of the research are as follows: determination of chlorides and sulfates content in the landfill edaphotopes; measurement of power of equivalent dose of photon radiation. Determination of chlorides and sulfates was carried out by quantitative and qualitative methods. The equivalent dose of photon radiation was measured by dosimeter by SOEKS USA, LLC. In different sites of the landfill chlorides and sulfates content differs. The most polluted areas are at the distance of 10 m and 50 m from the foot. At a distance of 100 m from the landfill, the concentration of chlorides reduces to 0.001% (5 cm) and 0.1% (10 cm and 20 cm). High sulfate content is observed at 10 m from the foot of the landfill (1% in the 10 cm and 20 cm horizons). The power of the equivalent dose at a height of 10 m from the south side exceeds the pollution standard of 0.3 μSv/h and equals 0.32 μSv/h.

The aim of the work is to investigate the influence of man-made edaphotopes of colliery spoil heap on biota by bioindication method. The physicochemical properties of edaphotopes were investigated: humidity, substrate temperature, humus content at different intervals of their depth and on different sections of the waste heap. The storage technologies of mineral waste in the dumps disregard its further use and transforming that occurs over time. It was revealed that on the northern slope exposures the greatest amount of moisture was concentrated and temperature regimes were acceptable for the activity of the soil biota, which was proved by the largest amount of biomass. New dependences of humus content in edaphotopes of the heap in different intervals of their depth from biomass of humus-forming organisms were established. Slight successional processes on the surface of the heap were observed, where young flora began to develop. This positive phenomenon will contribute to the humus of the genetic horizons and the development of tree and shrub vegetation. Favourable conditions for the development of neo-terrain and the formation of a new landscape in mining regions were confirmed.