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Background Pandemics have significantly modified our societal behaviour over the millennia, and the COVID-19 pandemic is no exception. Types of articles reviewed In this article, the authors review the history of pandemics, the probable reasons for their emergence, and the COVID-19 pandemic due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants, as well as its possible impact on dentistry during the postpandemic period. Results There are multiple reasons why catastrophic pandemics occur due to new infectious organisms that cross the species barrier from animals to humans. These include, population explosion, mass migration, and prolonged survival of debilitated and susceptible cohorts on various immunosuppressants. Coupled with global warming and the resultant loss of habitats, such vicissitudes of humans and nature lead to microbes evolving and mutating at an exponential pace, paving the way for pandemics. The contemporary epidemics and pandemics beginning with the HIV pandemic have modulated dentistry beyond recognition, now with assiduous and robust infection control measures in place. Conclusions and practical implications Because COVID-19 may become an endemic disease, particularly due to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants the dental community should adopt modified infection control measures, teledentistry, and point-of-care diagnostics, among other measures. It is likely, that clinical ecosystems in future would be rendered even safer by predicting how pathogens evolve and priming the human immune system for the next wave of microbial combatants through vaccines produced using deep mutational scanning in which artificial intelligence and machine learning can predict the next variants even before their arrival.

This Paper analyses the causes of the domestic violence against female beggars and their impacts on their lives. The paper is strictly limited to Taluka Qasimabad, District Hyderabad. The domestic violence against women exits in various forms. However, it is pretty horrible in the form being inflicted against female beggars in Qasimabad. The scores of causes for the domestic violence against female beggars range from rising poverty to population explosions with deep physical and mental impacts on the sufferers. For data collection qualitative research through Focused Group discussion method has been used through snow ball technique. 10 Cases of female beggars have been opted for the FGDs out of which two participated with their social backgrounds. The study concludes the pathetic condition of the female beggars due to multiple factors and their serious implications both physically as well as mentally. The study recommends prompt action from the Government as well as socialscientist to go deep further in the social issues such as violence against the female beggars. Simultaneously there is immediate intervention of Government and the concerned department to address these issues on emergent basis as the number is likely to reach an alarming level.

Conventional agriculture and aquaculture present the unwelcome situation of great extents of consumption in both land and water resources. The threat of pollution of water bodies also need to be taken into account. The urbanization policies and population explosion with rapid migration from rural areas makes the concept of aquaponics reuse of ecological crop rising and reusing methods essential. This technology coalesces recirculation of water used in aquaculture and hydroponics for crop supplement and water recycle; reduction of pollution and enhancement of efficiency and yield. Hydroponics and aquaculture is proposed in this paper on a combinatory solution for better agriculture practice. Intelligent monitoring of water quality and nutrient circulation can be abstracted, tabulated and summarized. This paper popularizes the implementation of IoT in aquaponics.

Post-war Sierra Leone has experienced a population explosion that has raised questions among rural farmers about the relationship between family size and poverty. Agricultural decline and the high cost of schooling are not prompting parents to articulate a desire for smaller families; rather, they highlight that the uncertainty around articulating the “right” number of children is unresolvable because the ability to send children to school is predicated on increasing agricultural outputs that decline precisely because population pressure has reduced soil fertility. Bolten and Marcantonio conclude that this renders family size the heart of a paradox, where there is no optimal number of children.

Population explosion worldwide has increased the demand for egg and meat over year. In India Availability of easy, economical poultry feed at reasonable cost is key for successful poultry business. Incorporation of conventional feed ingrediants in poultry feed has increased the cost of production tremendously. This lead to search for alternative unconventional locally available cheap feed sources for reducing the feed cost which in turn can reduce the total cost of production of meat and egg and making them easily available at cheaper cost in rural India. Low cost rearing of poultry bird will be a boon for marginal farmers and landless poor. Various easily available unconventional feed sources such as azolla, jujube, fruit, wheat bran, available in local or rural region could be a better alternative to conventional poultry feed. In present study non-conventional feed sources was tested using different concentration of azolla, jujube fruit powder, and soybean grain and wheat bran. It is found that the treatment with Azolla (46.66%) + Jujube fruit powder (13.33%) + Soybean grain (26.33%) + Wheat bran (13.33%) was the best combination feed for poultry compared with the rest of the treatment and control. The birds fed with this feed did not showed any mortality however 40% and 30% mortality were observed in birds supplemented with control and market feed respectively.

High rise buildings have now become order of the day in developed and developing countries. Allround population explosion, fast urbanization and rapid industrialization all try to take over the available land space, making it difficult to provide people their two basic needs viz food and shelter. Thus there is a pressing need to conserve and use judiciously the available land space. To meet this challenge are constructed, more and more of high-rise buildings which require relatively less ground space. In this study on prototype seven storeyed frame with an aim of studying the interactive effect of multiple floors being subjected to pneumatic pressure so as to find the possibility of controlling the entire infilled frame action through the control of any one floor and the practical aspects of replacing cement mortar interface with the proposed pneumatic interface. And also the Experimental investigation on one fourth scale model of seven storeyed single bay frames including developing of the test rig for lateral loading of the test specimen. The aim of this stage of studies is to practically verify the effect of introducing interface pressure on multi storeyed infilled frame.

High rise buildings have now become order of the day in developed and developing countries. Population explosion, fast urbanization etc., and to take over the available land space, to meet this challenge high rise buildings are constructed more. But high rise buildings have to be designed not only for heavy vertical loads but also for considerable lateral forces. In this study the analytical investigation on seven storeyed prototype frames has suggested that the lowering the lateral stiffness of the entire infilled frame is possible by just altering the interface pressure in all seven storeys (10psi to 30psi). Further the cement mortar interface at first storey alone needs to be replaced with pneumatic interface in order to minimize lateral stiffness of entire frame. The experimental investigations, on the seven storeyed frame models have shown that the increase in interface pressure increases the lateral stiffness of the infilled frame. The cracking pattern of the infilled frame with interface pressure resembles that of a bare frame like mainly having cracks in the frame members. The masonry was found to be least affected. This indicates that the infill participation is very much reduced.

Tuberculosis is emerging worldwide across diverse populations and geographies; unrestricted by the social divide and the geographical barriers in today's interconnected world. This rise in its prevalence can be linked to multiple factors including urbanisation, spurt in global travel, population explosion, migration and HIV infection. The varied and complex clinical presentation of intracranial tuberculosis tricks even the best of the clinicians. This along with the other facets associated with its management including drug resistance, paradoxical reaction, underlying HIV infection can make it particularly challenging. Imaging has a definitive role in the evaluation and follow-up of intracranial tuberculosis and MRI is the cornerstone in this regard. Typical features of intracranial tuberculosis are well-described. However, it is not infrequent to encounter atypical and bizarre presentations, both clinically and on imaging. A holistic clinical and imaging review of difficult cases, including newer MRI techniques, is necessary for the neuroradiologist, neurologist and the neurosurgeon to arrive at the right diagnosis in a timely fashion.

The human and natural factors complicit in the driving forces of oasis change have always received considerable interest from the international research community. In this study, we used principal component analysis of natural and socio-economic statistical factors to quantitatively analyze the causal relationships and their contributions to the observed periodic expansion or shrinkage of the Minqin Oasis over almost 60 years. Our results show that human factors were the dominant factors governing expansion or shrinkage, with average contributions of 69.38％ and 76.16％, respectively. Moreover, policy decisions have been the pivotal human factors. Under the influence of various policies, we have found that water resource utilization, land reclamation, population explosion, ecological protection and economic development have each played leading roles in different periods. This study provides a scientific basis for modelling the dynamics of an oasis for sustainable management.

Latin America is one of the high level migration activity regions. The mass migration flows are the part of the Western Hemisphere South nations history for more than a century and a half. Both the structure and direction of that flows have been significantly transformed during that period. While being the transatlantic flows recipients at the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries, the Latin American States turned into donors of human resources in the second half of the XX century due to the profound demographic transformation. The aim of this paper is to analyse the demographic transformations impact on the emigration mobility models development in Latin America and the Caribbean countries. Demographic changes were manifested in different ways in countries with a large share of European migrants and those that were not affected by mass migrations flows at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. The Central America countries and Mexico have experienced the most profound population explosion that subsequently affected the intensity of the migration movement to the United States. The paper examines the main migration directions of Latin America and the Caribbean residents, identifies two basic mobility source areas that demonstrate different strategies via different destination countries choice. While the United States has become the leading destination country for Latin American migrants, accounting for 93% of migrants from Central America and Mexico, the South American migration is mostly intraregional. The largest regional integration associations migration policies implementation reflects this difference. Spain has become a significant extra-regional migration destination for South America. At the end of the second decade of the XXI century, global economic transformations affect the migration dynamics of Latin American subregions, producing powerful migration crises and local tensions.

This paper analyzes the first government project intended to create a housing community accessible to low-income residents of Jakarta in response to the capital city’s population explosion during t...

Indragiri Hilir is a district in Riau Province where around 70% of the population depends on coconut plantations. In 2018, a large population explosion of coconut beetles, Oryctes rhinoceros was reported in several regions in the Province. The population explosion that occurred in Sungai Nyiur Village, Tanah Merah Subdistrict, has caused conflicts between the community who own coconut plantations and oil palm plantation companies in the area related to the source of pest outbreaks. The regional government has formed an independent team to conduct scientific studies to examine this problem. The independent team in charge consisted of 12 personnel involving universities (UIR) and Riau BPTP agricultural institutions. The steps taken include surveys, interviews, field investigation, and trapping. The survey was conducted to determine the epicenter of the attack by evaluating the intensity of the damage visually and with the drone aid. Excavation and inspection of breeding sites were carried out to evaluate the presence and presence of beetles and larvae. Pheromone trap installation is intended to analyze the distribution of coconut beetles. Interviews were carried out both for coconut farmers and staff of oil palm plantation companies related to the chronology of beetle pest explosion and activities carried out on oil palm plantation companies. The findings obtained from the study conducted were presented to both parties in dispute and also the Regional Government of Indragiri Hilir as described in this paper.

The substantial increase in the anthropogenic activities, extensive industrialization, and intensive use of fertilizers along with population explosion pose a serious and significant threat to the environment that leads to further damage to the overall ecosystem. Nowadays, soil is the most effected domain in the overall regime as it contains many harmful pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that can persist in the environment for longer periods of time and result in the serious effects to soil, wildlife, human health, and the overall environment. Therefore, serious action is needed to address the worldwide removal, clean up, rectification, and cautious disposal of these POPs. There are several remedial technologies utilized for the environmental cleanup of these pollutants and among them phytoremediation is one of the methods that comprised set of unique technologies that utilized the capability of plants to clean up the environmental pollutants (organic/inorganic). Phytoremediation technology is the most effective remedial method for mitigating POPs and currently received a lot of attention for the degradation of pollutants over a large area, broad applicability, eco-friendly nature, and cost-effectiveness. However, only few plants are able to take up POPs from the soil and there are no fixed enzymes in the plants that can degrade or detoxify POPs. Among plants, only a few species for example, Cucurbita species, exhibited distinctive capability for the uptake of notable quantity of POPs from the soil and are regarded as POPs hyperaccumulator. Besides, genes have been identified and isolated from POPs-degrading microorganisms that encode and expressed POPs-degrading enzymes. Producing transgenic hyperaccumulator plants encoding POPs-degrading enzymes might have potential for the phytoremediation of POPs. However, generating transgenic plants is difficult and expensive approach. In this chapter, we analyze the feasible causes of this variation and present an overview of current knowledge on the mechanisms for the detoxification of organic pollutants by the plants. We also discussed the impact of current advances in molecular tools and emerging challenges to phytoremediation technology.