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1. Totalitarismo

Author

Di Pego, Anabella, Porcel, B., and Martín, L. G.

Subjects
Doctrinas políticas, Totalitarismo, Filosofía contemporánea, Filosofía política, Filosofía, Modernidad, Imperialismo, Campos de concentración, Mal radical, Dominación total
Abstract

En 1951 Hannah Arendt publica Los orígenes del totalitarismo que, a pesar de su carácter controvertido, se erigiría en una referencia ineludible entre los estudios políticos del totalitarismo, en la medida en que pretendía ofrecer "un modelo de las posibilidades políticas y peligros de su tiempo". Las dos primeras partes del libro reúnen artículos escritos por Arendt durante la guerra y publicados en diversas revistas norteamericanas hasta 1947; en tanto que la tercera parte, la escribió posteriormente, entre los años 1948 y 1949. Durante el lapso de estos años, el proyecto de Arendt sufrió una reorientación. En la primera mitad de la década del 40', Arendt no utilizaba el término "totalitarismo" sino que, siguiendo a Franz Neumann, se refería al "imperialismo racial", mientras que recién en 1947 parece haber comenzado a concebir la tercera parte del libro abocada al análisis de los regímenes totalitarios. Trataremos de esclarecer las razones por las que Arendt se decide finalmente a estructurar todo su libro en torno del concepto de totalitarismo. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

Published
2016

2. Chondrus crispus – A Present and Historical Model Organism for Red Seaweeds

Author

Porcel, B., Carre, W., Ball, S., Chaparro, C., Barbeyron, T., Noel, B., Valentin, K., Elias, M., Artiguenave, François, Arun, A., Aury, J.-M., Barbosa-Neto, J., Bothwell, J., Bouget, F.-Y., Brillet, L., Cabello-Hurtado, F., Capella-Gutierrez, S., Charrier, B., Cladière, L., Cock, J., Coelho, S., Colleoni, C., Czjzek, M., Da Silva, C., Delage, L., Denoeud, France, Deschamps, P., Dittami, S., Gabaldón, T., Gachon, C., Groisillier, A., Jabbari, K., Katinka, M., Kloareg, B., Kowalczyk, N., Labadie, K., Lopez, P., Mclachlan, D., Meslet-Cladiere, L., Moustafa, A., Nehr, Z., Nyvall Collen, P., Panaud, O., Partensky, F., Poulain, J., Rensing, S., Rousvoal, S., Samson, G., Symeonidi, A., Weissenbach, J., Zambounis, A., Wincker, P., Collen, Jonas, Cornish, M. Lynn, Craigie, James, Ficko-Blean, Elizabeth, Hervé, Cécile, Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy, Leblanc, Catherine, Michel, Gurvan, Potin, Philippe, Tonon, Thierry, Boyen, Catherine, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), inconnu, Inconnu, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France, Structure et évolution des génomes (SEG), CNS-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sylvadour, IUT des Pays de l'Adour, Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] (IGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'études d'océanographie et de biologie marine (CEOBM), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bordeaux 2 Laboratoire de Psychologie EA «Santé et qualité de vie», Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
biology, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population structure, Genomics, biology.organism_classification, Moss, Rocky shore, Algae, Chondrus crispus, Botany, 14. Life underwater, Organism, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Chondrus crispus, or Irish moss, is a common edible red seaweed that can be found on rocky shores in the Northern Atlantic. The cell wall contains carrageenan and C. crispus is the original source of this commercially used thickener. Because of the ecological and economic importance of this red alga a relatively important research literature exists and one of the recent achievements in C. crispus research is the sequencing of its genome. In this chapter we review some of the literature with the aim to promote C. crispus as a model organism for florideophyte red seaweeds. We consider subjects like commercial and historical uses, ecology, genetics, population structure, mating systems, physiology, cell wall biology and genomics. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2014

3. Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of simbiosis

Author

Martin, F, Kohler, A, Murat, C, Balestrini, R, Coutinho, P. M., Jaillon, O, Montanini, B, Morin, E, Noel, B, Percudani, R, Porcel, B, Rubini, A, Amicucci, A, Amselem, J, Anthouard, V, Arcioni, S, Artiguenave, F, Aury, J. M., Ballario, P, Bolchi, A, Brenna, A, Brun, A, Buée, M, Cantarel, B, Chevalier, G, Couloux, A, DA SILVA, C, Denoeud, F, Duplessis, S, Ghignone, S, Hilselberger, B, Iotti, Mirco, Marçais, B, Mello, A, Miranda, M, Pacioni, Giovanni, Quesneville, H, Riccioni, C, Ruotolo, R, Splivallo, R, Stocchi, V, Tisserant, E, Viscomi, A. R., Zambonelli, A, Zampieri, E, Henrissat, B, Lebrun, M. H., Paolocci, F, Bonfante, P, Ottonello, S, and Wincker, P.

Published
2010

4. The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes

Author

Bowler, C., Allan, A. E., Badger, J. H., Grimwood, J., Jabbari, K., Kuo, A., Maheshwari, U., Martens, C., Maumus, F., Otillar, R. P., Rayko, E., Salamov, A., Vandepoele, K., Beszeri, B., Gruber, A., Heijde, M., Katinka, M., Mock, Thomas, Valentin, Klaus-Ulrich, Verret, F., Berges, J. A., Brownlee, C., Chiovitti, A., Jae Choi, C., Coesel, S., De Martino, A., Detter, J. C., Durkin, C., Falciatore, A., Fournet, J., Haruta, M., Huysman, M. J. J., Jenkins, B. D., Jiroutova, K., Jorgensen, R. E., Joubert, Y., Kaplan, A., Kröger, N., Kroth, P. G., La Roche, J., Lindquiste, E., Lommer, M., Martin-Jézéquel, V., Lopez, P. J., Lucas, S., Mangogna, M., McGinnis, K., Medlin, Linda, Monsant, A., Oudot-Le Secq, M.-P., Napoli, C., Obornik, M., Petit, J.-L., Porcel, B. M., Poulsen, N., Robison, M., Rychlewski, L., Rynearson, T. A., Schmutz, J., Schnitzler Parker, M., Shapiro, H., Siaur, M., Stanley, M., Sussman, M. J., Taylor, A. R., Vardi, A., von Dassow, P., Vyverman, W., Willis, A., Wyrwicz, L. S., Rokhsar, D. S., Weissenbach, J., Armbrust, E. V., Green, B. R., Van de Peer, Y., Grigoriev, I. V., and Cadoret, J.-P.

Published
2008

5. Complete DNA sequence of Kuraishia capsulata illustrates novel genomic features among budding yeasts (Saccharomycotina)

Author

Morales, L., Noel, B., Porcel, B., Marcet-Houben, M., Hullo, M.F., Sacerdot, C., Tekaia, F., Leh-Louis, V., Despons, L., Khanna, V., Aury, J.M., Barbe, V., Couloux, A., Labadie, K., Pelletier, E., Souciet, J.L., Boekhout, T., Gabaldon, T., Wincker, P., Dujon, B., Morales, L., Noel, B., Porcel, B., Marcet-Houben, M., Hullo, M.F., Sacerdot, C., Tekaia, F., Leh-Louis, V., Despons, L., Khanna, V., Aury, J.M., Barbe, V., Couloux, A., Labadie, K., Pelletier, E., Souciet, J.L., Boekhout, T., Gabaldon, T., Wincker, P., and Dujon, B.

Abstract

The numerous yeast genome sequences presently available provide a rich source of information for functional as well as evolutionary genomics, but unequally cover the large phylogenetic diversity of extant yeasts. We present here the complete sequence of the nuclear genome of the haploid type strain of Kuraishia capsulata (CBS1993T), a nitrate assimilating Saccharomycetales of uncertain taxonomy, isolated from tunnels of insect larvae underneath coniferous barks and characterized by its copious production of extracellular polysaccharides. The sequence is composed of 7 scaffolds, one per chromosome, totaling 11.4 Mb and containing 6,029 protein-coding genes, ca. 13.5 % of which being interrupted by introns. This GC-rich yeast genome (45.7 %) appears phylogenetically related with the few other nitrate assimilating yeasts sequenced so far, Ogataea polymorpha, Ogataea parapolymorpha and Dekkera bruxellensis with which it shares a very reduced number of tRNA genes, a novel tRNA sparing strategy, and a common nitrate assimilation cluster, three specific features to this group of yeasts. Centromeres were recognized in GC-poor troughs of each scaffold. The strain bears MAT alpha genes at a single MAT locus and presents a significant degree of conservation with S. cerevisiae genes, suggesting that it can perform sexual cycles in nature, although genes involved in meiosis were not all recognized. The complete absence of conservation of synteny between K. capsulata and any other yeast genome described so far, including the three other nitrate-assimilating species, validates the interest of this species for long range evolutionary genomic studies among Saccharomycotina yeasts., The numerous yeast genome sequences presently available provide a rich source of information for functional as well as evolutionary genomics, but unequally cover the large phylogenetic diversity of extant yeasts. We present here the complete sequence of the nuclear genome of the haploid type strain of Kuraishia capsulata (CBS1993T), a nitrate assimilating Saccharomycetales of uncertain taxonomy, isolated from tunnels of insect larvae underneath coniferous barks and characterized by its copious production of extracellular polysaccharides. The sequence is composed of 7 scaffolds, one per chromosome, totaling 11.4 Mb and containing 6,029 protein-coding genes, ca. 13.5 % of which being interrupted by introns. This GC-rich yeast genome (45.7 %) appears phylogenetically related with the few other nitrate assimilating yeasts sequenced so far, Ogataea polymorpha, Ogataea parapolymorpha and Dekkera bruxellensis with which it shares a very reduced number of tRNA genes, a novel tRNA sparing strategy, and a common nitrate assimilation cluster, three specific features to this group of yeasts. Centromeres were recognized in GC-poor troughs of each scaffold. The strain bears MAT alpha genes at a single MAT locus and presents a significant degree of conservation with S. cerevisiae genes, suggesting that it can perform sexual cycles in nature, although genes involved in meiosis were not all recognized. The complete absence of conservation of synteny between K. capsulata and any other yeast genome described so far, including the three other nitrate-assimilating species, validates the interest of this species for long range evolutionary genomic studies among Saccharomycotina yeasts.

Published
2013

6. The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes

Author

Bowler, C, Allen, A, Badger, J, Grimwood, J, Jabbari, K, Kuo, A, Maheswari, U, Martens, C, Maumus, F, Otillar, R, Rayko, E, Salamov, A, Vandepoele, K, Beszteri, B, Gruber, A, Heijde, M, Katinka, M, Mock, T, Valentin, K, Verret, F, Berges, J, Brownlee, C, Cadoret, Jean-paul, Chiovitti, A, Choi, C, Coesel, S, De Martino, A, Detter, J, Durkin, C, Falciatore, A, Fournet, J, Haruta, M, Huysman, M, Jenkins, B, Jiroutova, K, Jorgensen, R, Joubert, Y, Kaplan, A, Kroger, N, Kroth, P, La Roche, J, Lindquist, E, Lommer, M, Martin Jezequel, V, Lopez, P, Lucas, S, Mangogna, M, Mcginnis, K, Medlin, L, Montsant, A, Oudot Le Secq, M, Napoli, C, Obornik, M, Parker, M, Petit, J, Porcel, B, Poulsen, N, Robison, M, Rychlewski, L, Rynearson, T, Schmutz, J, Shapiro, H, Siaut, M, Stanley, M, Sussman, M, Taylor, A, Vardi, A, Von Dassow, P, Vyverman, W, Willis, A, Wyrwicz, L, Rokhsar, D, Weissenbach, J, Armbrust, E, Green, B, Van De Peer, Y, Grigoriev Iv, Bowler, C, Allen, A, Badger, J, Grimwood, J, Jabbari, K, Kuo, A, Maheswari, U, Martens, C, Maumus, F, Otillar, R, Rayko, E, Salamov, A, Vandepoele, K, Beszteri, B, Gruber, A, Heijde, M, Katinka, M, Mock, T, Valentin, K, Verret, F, Berges, J, Brownlee, C, Cadoret, Jean-paul, Chiovitti, A, Choi, C, Coesel, S, De Martino, A, Detter, J, Durkin, C, Falciatore, A, Fournet, J, Haruta, M, Huysman, M, Jenkins, B, Jiroutova, K, Jorgensen, R, Joubert, Y, Kaplan, A, Kroger, N, Kroth, P, La Roche, J, Lindquist, E, Lommer, M, Martin Jezequel, V, Lopez, P, Lucas, S, Mangogna, M, Mcginnis, K, Medlin, L, Montsant, A, Oudot Le Secq, M, Napoli, C, Obornik, M, Parker, M, Petit, J, Porcel, B, Poulsen, N, Robison, M, Rychlewski, L, Rynearson, T, Schmutz, J, Shapiro, H, Siaut, M, Stanley, M, Sussman, M, Taylor, A, Vardi, A, Von Dassow, P, Vyverman, W, Willis, A, Wyrwicz, L, Rokhsar, D, Weissenbach, J, Armbrust, E, Green, B, Van De Peer, Y, and Grigoriev Iv

Abstract

Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one- fifth of the primary productivity on Earth(1,2). The genome sequence of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was recently reported, revealing a wealth of information about diatom biology(3-5). Here we report the complete genome sequence of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and compare it with that of T. pseudonana to clarify evolutionary origins, functional significance and ubiquity of these features throughout diatoms. In spite of the fact that the pennate and centric lineages have only been diverging for 90 million years, their genome structures are dramatically different and a substantial fraction of genes (similar to 40%) are not shared by these representatives of the two lineages. Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms. Contributing factors include selective gene family expansions, differential losses and gains of genes and introns, and differential mobilization of transposable elements. Most significantly, we document the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria. More than 300 of these gene transfers are found in both diatoms, attesting to their ancient origins, and many are likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals. These findings go a long way towards explaining the incredible diversity and success of the diatoms in contemporary oceans.

Published
2008
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7. The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes

Author

Cadoret, J.-P., Bowler, C., Allan, A. E., Badger, J. H., Grimwood, J., Jabbari, K., Kuo, A., Maheshwari, U., Martens, C., Maumus, F., Otillar, R. P., Rayko, E., Salamov, A., Vandepoele, K., Beszeri, B., Gruber, A., Heijde, M., Katinka, M., Mock, Thomas, Valentin, Klaus-Ulrich, Verret, F., Berges, J. A., Brownlee, C., Chiovitti, A., Jae Choi, C., Coesel, S., De Martino, A., Detter, J. C., Durkin, C., Falciatore, A., Fournet, J., Haruta, M., Huysman, M. J. J., Jenkins, B. D., Jiroutova, K., Jorgensen, R. E., Joubert, Y., Kaplan, A., Kröger, N., Kroth, P. G., La Roche, J., Lindquiste, E., Lommer, M., Martin-Jézéquel, V., Lopez, P. J., Lucas, S., Mangogna, M., McGinnis, K., Medlin, Linda, Monsant, A., Oudot-Le Secq, M.-P., Napoli, C., Obornik, M., Petit, J.-L., Porcel, B. M., Poulsen, N., Robison, M., Rychlewski, L., Rynearson, T. A., Schmutz, J., Schnitzler Parker, M., Shapiro, H., Siaur, M., Stanley, M., Sussman, M. J., Taylor, A. R., Vardi, A., von Dassow, P., Vyverman, W., Willis, A., Wyrwicz, L. S., Rokhsar, D. S., Weissenbach, J., Armbrust, E. V., Green, B. R., Van de Peer, Y., Grigoriev, I. V., Cadoret, J.-P., Bowler, C., Allan, A. E., Badger, J. H., Grimwood, J., Jabbari, K., Kuo, A., Maheshwari, U., Martens, C., Maumus, F., Otillar, R. P., Rayko, E., Salamov, A., Vandepoele, K., Beszeri, B., Gruber, A., Heijde, M., Katinka, M., Mock, Thomas, Valentin, Klaus-Ulrich, Verret, F., Berges, J. A., Brownlee, C., Chiovitti, A., Jae Choi, C., Coesel, S., De Martino, A., Detter, J. C., Durkin, C., Falciatore, A., Fournet, J., Haruta, M., Huysman, M. J. J., Jenkins, B. D., Jiroutova, K., Jorgensen, R. E., Joubert, Y., Kaplan, A., Kröger, N., Kroth, P. G., La Roche, J., Lindquiste, E., Lommer, M., Martin-Jézéquel, V., Lopez, P. J., Lucas, S., Mangogna, M., McGinnis, K., Medlin, Linda, Monsant, A., Oudot-Le Secq, M.-P., Napoli, C., Obornik, M., Petit, J.-L., Porcel, B. M., Poulsen, N., Robison, M., Rychlewski, L., Rynearson, T. A., Schmutz, J., Schnitzler Parker, M., Shapiro, H., Siaur, M., Stanley, M., Sussman, M. J., Taylor, A. R., Vardi, A., von Dassow, P., Vyverman, W., Willis, A., Wyrwicz, L. S., Rokhsar, D. S., Weissenbach, J., Armbrust, E. V., Green, B. R., Van de Peer, Y., and Grigoriev, I. V.

Published
2008

12. Gene Survey of the Pathogenic Protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi

Author

Porcel, B M, Tran, A N, Tammi, M, Nyarady, Z, Rydâker, M, Urmenyi, T P, Rondinelli, E, Pettersson, U, Andersson, B, and Aslund, L

Abstract

We have performed a survey of the active genes in the important human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi by analyzing 5013 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated from a normalized epimastigote cDNA library. Clustering of all sequences resulted in 771 clusters, comprising 54% of the ESTs. In total, the ESTs corresponded to 3054 transcripts that might represent one-fourth of the total gene repertoire in T. cruzi. About 33% of the T. cruzi transcripts showed similarity to sequences in the public databases, and a large number of hitherto undiscovered genes predicted to be involved in transcription, cell cycle control, cell division, signal transduction, secretion, and metabolism were identified. More than 140 full-length gene sequences were derived from the ESTs. Comparisons with all open reading frames in yeast and in Caenorhabditis elegans showed that only 12% of the T. cruzi transcripts were shared among diverse eukaryotic organisms. Comparison with other kinetoplastid sequences identified 237 orthologous genes that are shared between these evolutionarily divergent organisms. The generated data are a useful resource for further studies of the biology of the parasite and for development of new means to combat Chagas' disease.

Published
2000

16. Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis

Author

Francis Martin, Annegret Kohler, Claude Murat, Raffaella Balestrini, Pedro M. Coutinho, Olivier Jaillon, Barbara Montanini, Emmanuelle Morin, Benjamin Noel, Riccardo Percudani, Bettina Porcel, Andrea Rubini, Antonella Amicucci, Joelle Amselem, Véronique Anthouard, Sergio Arcioni, François Artiguenave, Jean-Marc Aury, Paola Ballario, Angelo Bolchi, Andrea Brenna, Annick Brun, Marc Buée, Brandi Cantarel, Gérard Chevalier, Arnaud Couloux, Corinne Da Silva, France Denoeud, Sébastien Duplessis, Stefano Ghignone, Benoît Hilselberger, Mirco Iotti, Benoît Marçais, Antonietta Mello, Michele Miranda, Giovanni Pacioni, Hadi Quesneville, Claudia Riccioni, Roberta Ruotolo, Richard Splivallo, Vilberto Stocchi, Emilie Tisserant, Arturo Roberto Viscomi, Alessandra Zambonelli, Elisa Zampieri, Bernard Henrissat, Marc-Henri Lebrun, Francesco Paolocci, Paola Bonfante, Simone Ottonello, Patrick Wincker, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (CNR-IPSP), UOS Torino, Architecture et fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques - UMR 6098 (AFMB), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Milano] (CNR), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Universita di Urbino (DISB), Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Università degli Studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Dipartimento di Biologia di Base ed Applicata, Aquila University, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), CNR IGV, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Goettingen, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Torino] (CNR), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari = Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM-CNR [Perugia - Milano]), ANR-06-BLAN-0399,FungEffector,A genome-wide survey of secreted proteins as effectors of symbiosis and pathogenicity in plant-associated fungi(2006), European Project: 33958,EVOLTREE, Martin, Francis, Murat-Furminieux, Claude, Martin F., Kohler A., Murat C., Balestrini R., Coutinho P.M., Jaillon O., Montanini B., Morin E., Noel B., Percudani R., Porcel B., Rubini A., Amicucci A., Amselem J., Anthouard V., Arcioni S., Artiguenave F., Aury J.M., Ballario P., Bolchi A., Brenna A., Brun A., Buée M., Cantarel B., Chevalier G., Couloux A., Da Silva C., Denoeud F., Duplessis S., Ghignone S., Hilselberger B., Iotti M., Mello M., Miranda M., Pacioni G., Quesneville H., Riccioni C., Ruotolo R., Splivallo R., Stocchi V., Tisserant E., Viscomi A.R., Zambonelli A., Zampieri E., Henrissat B., Lebrun M.H., Paolocci F., Bonfante P., Ottonello S., Wincker P., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), CNR Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante [Torino, Italia] (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Tuber melanosporum, tuber, ectomycorrhizal fungi, TRUFFE NOIRE DU PERIGORD, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genes, Fungal, Molecular Sequence Data, TRUFFE BLANCHE DU PIEMONT, Carbohydrates, Genomics, Haploidy, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Ectosymbiosis, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, truffe, Symbiosis, Ascomycota, Tuber aestivum, champignon comestible, Fruiting Bodies, Fungal, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Truffle, biology, génome, Fungal genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, DNA Transposable Elements, fungal genoma, Genome, Fungal, europe, symbiose, Sulfur, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Letter; International audience; The Périgord black truffle ($Tuber\ melanosporum$ Vittad.) and the Piedmont white truffle dominate today's truffle market. The hypogeous fruiting body of $T.\ melanosporum$ is a gastronomic delicacy produced by an ectomycorrhizal symbiont endemic to calcareous soils in southern Europe. The worldwide demand for this truffle has fuelled intense efforts at cultivation. Identification of processes that condition and trigger fruit body and symbiosis formation, ultimately leading to efficient crop production, will be facilitated by a thorough analysis of truffle genomic traits. In the ectomycorrhizal $Laccaria\ bicolor$, the expansion of gene families may have acted as a 'symbiosis toolbox'. This feature may however reflect evolution of this particular taxon and not a general trait shared by all ectomycorrhizal species. To get a better understanding of the biology and evolution of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, we report here the sequence of the haploid genome of $T.\ melanosporum$, which at $\sim$125 megabases is the largest and most complex fungal genome sequenced so far. This expansion results from a proliferation of transposable elements accounting for $\sim$58% of the genome. In contrast, this genome only contains $\sim$7,500 protein-coding genes with very rare multigene families. It lacks large sets of carbohydrate cleaving enzymes, but a few of them involved in degradation of plant cell walls are induced in symbiotic tissues. The latter feature and the upregulation of genes encoding for lipases and multicopper oxidases suggest that $T.\ melanosporum$ degrades its host cell walls during colonization. Symbiosis induces an increased expression of carbohydrate and amino acid transporters in both $L.\ bicolor$ and $T.\ melanosporum$, but the comparison of genomic traits in the two ectomycorrhizal fungi showed that genetic predispositions for symbiosis $-$'the symbiosis toolbox'$-$ evolved along different ways in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

Published
2010

17. Fungal genome and mating system transitions facilitated by chromosomal translocations involving intercentromeric recombination.

Author

Sun S, Yadav V, Billmyre RB, Cuomo CA, Nowrousian M, Wang L, Souciet JL, Boekhout T, Porcel B, Wincker P, Granek JA, Sanyal K, and Heitman J

Subjects
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Computational Biology, Crossing Over, Genetic, Cryptococcus growth & development, Cryptococcus physiology, Cryptococcus neoformans cytology, Cryptococcus neoformans genetics, Cryptococcus neoformans physiology, Epistasis, Genetic, Evolution, Molecular, Genetic Linkage, Genetic Loci, Genetic Structures, Linkage Disequilibrium, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Recombination, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Species Specificity, Synteny, Cryptococcus cytology, Cryptococcus genetics, Genes, Mating Type, Fungal, Genome, Fungal, Meiosis, Translocation, Genetic
Abstract

Species within the human pathogenic Cryptococcus species complex are major threats to public health, causing approximately 1 million annual infections globally. Cryptococcus amylolentus is the most closely known related species of the pathogenic Cryptococcus species complex, and it is non-pathogenic. Additionally, while pathogenic Cryptococcus species have bipolar mating systems with a single large mating type (MAT) locus that represents a derived state in Basidiomycetes, C. amylolentus has a tetrapolar mating system with 2 MAT loci (P/R and HD) located on different chromosomes. Thus, studying C. amylolentus will shed light on the transition from tetrapolar to bipolar mating systems in the pathogenic Cryptococcus species, as well as its possible link with the origin and evolution of pathogenesis. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genomes of 2 C. amylolentus isolates, CBS6039 and CBS6273, which are sexual and interfertile. Genome comparison between the 2 C. amylolentus isolates identified the boundaries and the complete gene contents of the P/R and HD MAT loci. Bioinformatic and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses revealed that, similar to those of the pathogenic Cryptococcus species, C. amylolentus has regional centromeres (CENs) that are enriched with species-specific transposable and repetitive DNA elements. Additionally, we found that while neither the P/R nor the HD locus is physically closely linked to its centromere in C. amylolentus, and the regions between the MAT loci and their respective centromeres show overall synteny between the 2 genomes, both MAT loci exhibit genetic linkage to their respective centromere during meiosis, suggesting the presence of recombinational suppressors and/or epistatic gene interactions in the MAT-CEN intervening regions. Furthermore, genomic comparisons between C. amylolentus and related pathogenic Cryptococcus species provide evidence that multiple chromosomal rearrangements mediated by intercentromeric recombination have occurred during descent of the 2 lineages from their common ancestor. Taken together, our findings support a model in which the evolution of the bipolar mating system was initiated by an ectopic recombination event mediated by similar repetitive centromeric DNA elements shared between chromosomes. This translocation brought the P/R and HD loci onto the same chromosome, and further chromosomal rearrangements then resulted in the 2 MAT loci becoming physically linked and eventually fusing to form the single contiguous MAT locus that is now extant in the pathogenic Cryptococcus species.

Published
2017
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18. Genome structure and metabolic features in the red seaweed Chondrus crispus shed light on evolution of the Archaeplastida.

Author

Collén J, Porcel B, Carré W, Ball SG, Chaparro C, Tonon T, Barbeyron T, Michel G, Noel B, Valentin K, Elias M, Artiguenave F, Arun A, Aury JM, Barbosa-Neto JF, Bothwell JH, Bouget FY, Brillet L, Cabello-Hurtado F, Capella-Gutiérrez S, Charrier B, Cladière L, Cock JM, Coelho SM, Colleoni C, Czjzek M, Da Silva C, Delage L, Denoeud F, Deschamps P, Dittami SM, Gabaldón T, Gachon CM, Groisillier A, Hervé C, Jabbari K, Katinka M, Kloareg B, Kowalczyk N, Labadie K, Leblanc C, Lopez PJ, McLachlan DH, Meslet-Cladiere L, Moustafa A, Nehr Z, Nyvall Collén P, Panaud O, Partensky F, Poulain J, Rensing SA, Rousvoal S, Samson G, Symeonidi A, Weissenbach J, Zambounis A, Wincker P, and Boyen C

Subjects
Base Sequence, MicroRNAs genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Proteins genetics, RNA, Plant genetics, Chondrus genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Genes, Plant
Abstract

Red seaweeds are key components of coastal ecosystems and are economically important as food and as a source of gelling agents, but their genes and genomes have received little attention. Here we report the sequencing of the 105-Mbp genome of the florideophyte Chondrus crispus (Irish moss) and the annotation of the 9,606 genes. The genome features an unusual structure characterized by gene-dense regions surrounded by repeat-rich regions dominated by transposable elements. Despite its fairly large size, this genome shows features typical of compact genomes, e.g., on average only 0.3 introns per gene, short introns, low median distance between genes, small gene families, and no indication of large-scale genome duplication. The genome also gives insights into the metabolism of marine red algae and adaptations to the marine environment, including genes related to halogen metabolism, oxylipins, and multicellularity (microRNA processing and transcription factors). Particularly interesting are features related to carbohydrate metabolism, which include a minimalistic gene set for starch biosynthesis, the presence of cellulose synthases acquired before the primary endosymbiosis showing the polyphyly of cellulose synthesis in Archaeplastida, and cellulases absent in terrestrial plants as well as the occurrence of a mannosylglycerate synthase potentially originating from a marine bacterium. To explain the observations on genome structure and gene content, we propose an evolutionary scenario involving an ancestral red alga that was driven by early ecological forces to lose genes, introns, and intergenetic DNA; this loss was followed by an expansion of genome size as a consequence of activity of transposable elements.

Published
2013
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19. Complete DNA sequence of Kuraishia capsulata illustrates novel genomic features among budding yeasts (Saccharomycotina).

Author

Morales L, Noel B, Porcel B, Marcet-Houben M, Hullo MF, Sacerdot C, Tekaia F, Leh-Louis V, Despons L, Khanna V, Aury JM, Barbe V, Couloux A, Labadie K, Pelletier E, Souciet JL, Boekhout T, Gabaldon T, Wincker P, and Dujon B

Subjects
Animals, Base Composition genetics, Base Sequence, Centromere genetics, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Insecta microbiology, Larva microbiology, Meiosis genetics, Nitrates metabolism, Phylogeny, RNA, Transfer, RNA, Untranslated genetics, Saccharomycetales isolation & purification, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Fungal analysis, Genome, Fungal genetics, Saccharomycetales genetics
Abstract

The numerous yeast genome sequences presently available provide a rich source of information for functional as well as evolutionary genomics but unequally cover the large phylogenetic diversity of extant yeasts. We present here the complete sequence of the nuclear genome of the haploid-type strain of Kuraishia capsulata (CBS1993(T)), a nitrate-assimilating Saccharomycetales of uncertain taxonomy, isolated from tunnels of insect larvae underneath coniferous barks and characterized by its copious production of extracellular polysaccharides. The sequence is composed of seven scaffolds, one per chromosome, totaling 11.4 Mb and containing 6,029 protein-coding genes, ~13.5% of which being interrupted by introns. This GC-rich yeast genome (45.7%) appears phylogenetically related with the few other nitrate-assimilating yeasts sequenced so far, Ogataea polymorpha, O. parapolymorpha, and Dekkera bruxellensis, with which it shares a very reduced number of tRNA genes, a novel tRNA sparing strategy, and a common nitrate assimilation cluster, three specific features to this group of yeasts. Centromeres were recognized in GC-poor troughs of each scaffold. The strain bears MAT alpha genes at a single MAT locus and presents a significant degree of conservation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes, suggesting that it can perform sexual cycles in nature, although genes involved in meiosis were not all recognized. The complete absence of conservation of synteny between K. capsulata and any other yeast genome described so far, including the three other nitrate-assimilating species, validates the interest of this species for long-range evolutionary genomic studies among Saccharomycotina yeasts.

Published
2013
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20. Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis.

Author

Martin F, Kohler A, Murat C, Balestrini R, Coutinho PM, Jaillon O, Montanini B, Morin E, Noel B, Percudani R, Porcel B, Rubini A, Amicucci A, Amselem J, Anthouard V, Arcioni S, Artiguenave F, Aury JM, Ballario P, Bolchi A, Brenna A, Brun A, Buée M, Cantarel B, Chevalier G, Couloux A, Da Silva C, Denoeud F, Duplessis S, Ghignone S, Hilselberger B, Iotti M, Marçais B, Mello A, Miranda M, Pacioni G, Quesneville H, Riccioni C, Ruotolo R, Splivallo R, Stocchi V, Tisserant E, Viscomi AR, Zambonelli A, Zampieri E, Henrissat B, Lebrun MH, Paolocci F, Bonfante P, Ottonello S, and Wincker P

Subjects
Carbohydrates, DNA Transposable Elements genetics, Fruiting Bodies, Fungal metabolism, Genes, Fungal genetics, Genomics, Haploidy, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sulfur metabolism, Ascomycota genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Fungal genetics, Symbiosis genetics
Abstract

The Périgord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.) and the Piedmont white truffle dominate today's truffle market. The hypogeous fruiting body of T. melanosporum is a gastronomic delicacy produced by an ectomycorrhizal symbiont endemic to calcareous soils in southern Europe. The worldwide demand for this truffle has fuelled intense efforts at cultivation. Identification of processes that condition and trigger fruit body and symbiosis formation, ultimately leading to efficient crop production, will be facilitated by a thorough analysis of truffle genomic traits. In the ectomycorrhizal Laccaria bicolor, the expansion of gene families may have acted as a 'symbiosis toolbox'. This feature may however reflect evolution of this particular taxon and not a general trait shared by all ectomycorrhizal species. To get a better understanding of the biology and evolution of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, we report here the sequence of the haploid genome of T. melanosporum, which at approximately 125 megabases is the largest and most complex fungal genome sequenced so far. This expansion results from a proliferation of transposable elements accounting for approximately 58% of the genome. In contrast, this genome only contains approximately 7,500 protein-coding genes with very rare multigene families. It lacks large sets of carbohydrate cleaving enzymes, but a few of them involved in degradation of plant cell walls are induced in symbiotic tissues. The latter feature and the upregulation of genes encoding for lipases and multicopper oxidases suggest that T. melanosporum degrades its host cell walls during colonization. Symbiosis induces an increased expression of carbohydrate and amino acid transporters in both L. bicolor and T. melanosporum, but the comparison of genomic traits in the two ectomycorrhizal fungi showed that genetic predispositions for symbiosis-'the symbiosis toolbox'-evolved along different ways in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.

Published
2010
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21. Trypanosoma cruzi: a putative vacuolar ATP synthase subunit and a CAAX prenyl protease-encoding gene, as examples of gene identification in genome projects.

Author

Porcel BM, Aslund L, Pettersson U, and Andersson B

Subjects
ATP Synthetase Complexes, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Cattle, DNA, Protozoan chemistry, Endopeptidases chemistry, Humans, Metalloendopeptidases, Molecular Sequence Data, Multienzyme Complexes chemistry, Open Reading Frames genetics, Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor) chemistry, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prokaryotic Cells enzymology, Proprotein Convertases, Rats, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Trypanosoma cruzi enzymology, Vacuoles enzymology, Endopeptidases genetics, Genome, Protozoan, Multienzyme Complexes genetics, Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor) genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Trypanosoma cruzi genetics
Abstract

An international genome program has been initiated to increase the knowledge about the Trypanosoma cruzi genome and thereby find effective tools to treat Chagas' disease. We here report the molecular characterization of two novel genes found in the course of this project. Two of the open reading frames (ORF) identified in the sequencing of the third smallest chromosome of the CL Brener strain of T. cruzi were selected for further molecular characterization due to their similarity to genes with interesting functions in other organisms and their potential as targets to combat the parasite. The first ORF (402 bp) showed homology to a 14-kDa vacuolar ATP synthase subunit F from a variety of organisms, such as yeast, rat, bovine, human, and a number of prokaryotes. The second ORF (1188 bp) resembled a CAAX prenyl protease-encoding gene, identified in different organisms, including Homo sapiens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as several prokaryotes. RT-PCR from T. cruzi total epimastigote RNA allowed us to isolate the complete transcripts of these genes. Furthermore, screening of an available normalized cDNA library derived from the same stage of the parasite confirmed that both genes are expressed at least in the epimastigote stage of T. cruzi. Comparison of the putative T. cruzi proteins to their counterparts in other organisms revealed significant protein sequence conservation over large evolutionary distances. Computer analysis revealed the presence of several motifs in both proteins, possibly related to the regulation and localization of these proteins in the parasite., (Copyright 2000 Academic Press.)

Published
2000
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22. Trypanosoma cruzi: specific detection of parasites by PCR in infected humans and vectors using a set of primers (BP1/BP2) targeted to a nuclear DNA sequence.

Author

Silber AM, Búa J, Porcel BM, Segura EL, and Ruiz AM

Subjects
Animals, Blotting, Southern, Chagas Disease blood, Chagas Disease diagnosis, DNA Primers chemistry, DNA, Protozoan blood, DNA, Protozoan genetics, Feces parasitology, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Trypanosoma cruzi genetics, Chagas Disease parasitology, DNA, Protozoan analysis, Insect Vectors parasitology, Triatominae parasitology, Trypanosoma cruzi isolation & purification
Abstract

In the present work we evaluate Trypanosoma cruzi DNA detection by PCR using the nuclear oligonucleotides BP1/BP2 as primers. These primers are targeted to the 5' and 3' ends of the coding region for the flagellar protein F29. An amplification product of BP1/BP2 is a DNA band 692 bp long. Titration assays were performed to evaluate the minimum amount of parasite DNA that can be detected by this assay, resulting in 10 fg (equivalent to about 1/20 of the genome). The assay was also performed using T. cruzi DNA from different strains, clones, and human-derived isolates obtaining, in all cases, amplification products. No DNA amplification was observed when the PCR was performed using DNA from Leishmania braziliensis, but when T. rangeli DNA was used, a 615-bp-long fragment was amplified. Under appropriate gel conditions T. cruzi and T. rangeli DNA amplicons could be differentiated. When both conventional xenodiagnosis and PCR detection of parasite DNA in the feces of insect vectors fed with blood from infected patients were compared, 10 of 20 samples were positive by both techniques. However, 2 other samples with positive serology were also positive by PCR. When PCR was performed on blood samples from infected and uninfected individuals, 62 of 65 serologically positive human samples amplified the BP1/BP2 692-bp T. cruzi DNA fragment (sensitivity >95%). The 3 negative samples were positive when Southern blot hybridization was performed using the radiolabeled PCR amplification product as probe (sensitivity 100%).

Published
1997
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23. Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma cruzi: molecular characterization of genes encoding putative calcium-binding proteins, highly conserved in trypanosomatids.

Author

Porcel BM, Bontempi EJ, Henriksson J, Rydåker M, Aslund L, Segura EL, Pettersson U, and Ruiz AM

Subjects
Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Blotting, Northern, Blotting, Southern, Calcium-Binding Proteins analysis, Calcium-Binding Proteins chemistry, Chromosome Mapping, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Protozoan chemistry, Flagella chemistry, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Protozoan Proteins analysis, Protozoan Proteins chemistry, Protozoan Proteins genetics, RNA, Protozoan analysis, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Sequence Alignment, Trypanosoma metabolism, Trypanosoma cruzi metabolism, Calcium-Binding Proteins genetics, Conserved Sequence, Trypanosoma genetics, Trypanosoma cruzi genetics
Abstract

Genes encoding a 29-kDa flagellar calcium-binding protein (F29) in Trypanosoma cruzi, strongly homologous to EF-hand calcium-binding protein-encoding genes previously reported in this parasite, were isolated by immunoscreening. F29 is encoded by a number of very similar genes, highly conserved among different T. cruzi isolates. The genes are located on a pair of homologous chromosomes, arranged in one or two clusters of tandem repeats. PCR amplification of Trypanosoma rangeli genomic DNA, using primers derived from the T. cruzi F29 sequence made it possible to isolate the homologous gene in T. rangeli, encoding a 23-kDa protein called TrCaBP. Gene sequence comparisons showed homology to EF-hand calcium-binding proteins from T. cruzi (82.8%), Trypanosoma brucei brucei (60.2%), and Entamoeba histolytica (28.4%). Northern blot analysis revealed that the TrCaBP gene is expressed in T. rangeli as a polyadenylated transcript. The TrCaBP-encoding genes are present in at least 20 copies per cell, organized in tandem arrays, on large T. rangeli chromosomes in some isolates and on two smaller ones in others. This gene, however, seems to be absent from Leishmania.

Published
1996
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