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5. Seabed scour around marine structures in mixed and layered sediments

Author

Porter, K. E., Simons, R. R., and Harris, J. M.

Subjects
627
Abstract

The inherent uncertainty in the prediction of seabed scour depth at offshore structures such as wind turbines is currently a significant barrier to realising optimised, cost effective foundation design. One significant aspect thought to contribute to this uncertainty which has not been extensively studied is the variation in the sediment properties in the marine environment where sediment beds often consist of complex mixtures of materials stratified with depth. This research project encompasses the design and execution of an extensive laboratory study investigating this aspect of the scour problem. Two uniformly graded sands were used to build a range of simplified mixed and layered sediment beds, as a first step to improving understanding of scour behaviour in these situations. A variety of hydrodynamic conditions including unidirectional current, tidal and wave-current flows were tested to ensure relevance to the marine environment. As part of the experiment design a detailed review of scour measurement techniques was conducted leading to the implementation of a photogrammetry system which delivered high resolution, high accuracy scour hole profiles. This study has led to a number of original results. In a layered bed of fine sand overlying coarse sand interaction effects at the grain scale resulted in an enhancement of scour depth in the underlying coarse sand. Bimodally distributed mixed sands were found to alter significantly the scour time development curve. Novel scour tests under a spring-neap tidal cycle in the clear water regime indicated a considerable lengthening of the time to equilibrium. A review of prediction methodologies was undertaken and modifications proposed to take into account the research outcomes. This project has demonstrated that the configuration of the sediment bed is highly influential on scour development, and will contribute towards the future development of more sophisticated design models for implementation in industry.

Published
2016

7. Science Objectives for an X-Ray Microcalorimeter Observing the Sun

Author

Laming, J. Martin, Adams, J., Alexander, D., Aschwanden, M, Bailey, C., Bandler, S., Bookbinder, J., Bradshaw, S., Brickhouse, N., Chervenak, J., Christe, S., Cirtain, J., Cranmer, S., Deiker, S., DeLuca, E., Del Zanna, G., Dennis, B., Doschek, G., Eckart, M., Fludra, A., Finkbeiner, F., Grigis, P., Harrison, R., Ji, L., Kankelborg, C., Kashyap, V., Kelly, D., Kelley, R., Kilbourne, C., Klimchuk, J., Ko, Y. -K., Landi, E., Linton, M., Longcope, D., Lukin, V., Mariska, J., Martinez-Galarce, D., Mason, H., McKenzie, D., Osten, R., Peres, G., Pevtsov, A., Porter, K. Phillips F. S., Rabin, D., Rakowski, C., Raymond, J., Reale, F., Reeves, K., Sadleir, J., Savin, D., Schmelz, J., Smith, R. K., Smith, S., Stern, R., Sylwester, J., Tripathi, D., Ugarte-Urra, I., Young, P., Warren, H., and Wood, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the science case for a broadband X-ray imager with high-resolution spectroscopy, including simulations of X-ray spectral diagnostics of both active regions and solar flares. This is part of a trilogy of white papers discussing science, instrument (Bandler et al. 2010), and missions (Bookbinder et al. 2010) to exploit major advances recently made in transition-edge sensor (TES) detector technology that enable resolution better than 2 eV in an array that can handle high count rates. Combined with a modest X-ray mirror, this instrument would combine arcsecondscale imaging with high-resolution spectra over a field of view sufficiently large for the study of active regions and flares, enabling a wide range of studies such as the detection of microheating in active regions, ion-resolved velocity flows, and the presence of non-thermal electrons in hot plasmas. It would also enable more direct comparisons between solar and stellar soft X-ray spectra, a waveband in which (unusually) we currently have much better stellar data than we do of the Sun., Comment: 7 pages, white paper submitted the Solar and Heliophsyics Decadal Survey

Published
2010

8. Opportunistic infections and AIDS malignancies early after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries.

Author

Lodi, S, Del Amo, J, Moreno, S, Bucher, HC, Furrer, H, Logan, R, Sterne, J, Pérez-Hoyos, S, Jarrín, I, Phillips, A, Olson, A, Van Sighem, A, Reiss, P, Sabin, C, Jose, S, Justice, A, Goulet, J, Miró, JM, Ferrer, E, Meyer, L, Seng, R, Vourli, G, Antoniadou, A, Dabis, F, Vandenhede, MA, Costagliola, D, Abgrall, S, Hernán, MA, Hernan, M, Bansi, L, Hill, T, Dunn, D, Porter, K, Glabay, A, Orkin, C, Thomas, R, Jones, K, Fisher, M, Perry, N, Pullin, A, Churchill, D, Gazzard, B, Nelson, M, Asboe, D, Bulbeck, S, Mandalia, S, Clarke, J, Delpech, V, Anderson, J, Munshi, S, Post, F, Easterbrook, P, Khan, Y, Patel, P, Karim, F, Duffell, S, Gilson, R, Man, SL, Williams, I, Gompels, M, Dooley, D, Schwenk, A, Ainsworth, J, Johnson, M, Youle, M, Lampe, F, Smith, C, Grabowska, H, Chaloner, C, Ismajani Puradiredja, D, Walsh, J, Weber, J, Kemble, C, Mackie, N, Winston, A, Leen, C, Wilson, A, Bezemer, DO, Gras, LAJ, Kesselring, AM, Van Sighem, AI, Zaheri, S, Van Twillert, G, Kortmann, W, Branger, J, Prins, JM, Kuijpers, TW, Scherpbier, HJ, Van Der Meer, JTM, Wit, FWMN, Godfried, MH, Van Der Poll, T, Nellen, FJB, and Lange, JMA

Subjects
Humans, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, HIV Infections, Neoplasms, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Incidence, Developed Countries, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, United States, Europe, Female, Male, Young Adult, HIV, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, incidence, inverse probability weighting, unmasking, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, HIV/AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Behavioral and Social Science, Infection, Rare Diseases, Lymphoma, Cancer, Hematology, Tuberculosis, Virology, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundThere is little information on the incidence of AIDS-defining events which have been reported in the literature to be associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation. These events include tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), herpes simplex virus (HSV), Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), cryptococcosis and candidiasis.MethodsWe identified individuals in the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, which includes data from six European countries and the US, who were HIV-positive between 1996 and 2013, antiretroviral therapy naive, aged at least 18 years, had CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA measurements and had been AIDS-free for at least 1 month between those measurements and the start of follow-up. For each AIDS-defining event, we estimated the hazard ratio for no cART versus less than 3 and at least 3 months since cART initiation, adjusting for time-varying CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA via inverse probability weighting.ResultsOut of 96 562 eligible individuals (78% men) with median (interquantile range) follow-up of 31 [13,65] months, 55 144 initiated cART. The number of cases varied between 898 for tuberculosis and 113 for PML. Compared with non-cART initiation, the hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) up to 3 months after cART initiation were 1.21 (0.90-1.63) for tuberculosis, 2.61 (1.05-6.49) for MAC, 1.17 (0.34-4.08) for CMV retinitis, 1.18 (0.62-2.26) for PML, 1.21 (0.83-1.75) for HSV, 1.18 (0.87-1.58) for Kaposi sarcoma, 1.56 (0.82-2.95) for NHL, 1.11 (0.56-2.18) for cryptococcosis and 0.77 (0.40-1.49) for candidiasis.ConclusionWith the potential exception of mycobacterial infections, unmasking IRIS does not appear to be a common complication of cART initiation in high-income countries.

Published
2014

10. Insulin Sensitivity and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Analysis of Data From the TODAY Clinical Trial

Author

McKay, S., Haymond, M., Anderson, B., Bush, C., Gunn, S., Holden, H., Jones, S.M., Jeha, G., McGirk, S., Thamotharan, S., Cuttler, L., Abrams, E., Casey, T., Dahms, W., Ievers-Landis, C., Kaminski, B., Koontz, M., MacLeish, S., McGuigan, P., Narasimhan, S., Geffner, M., Barraza, V., Chang, N., Conrad, B., Dreimane, D., Estrada, S., Fisher, L., Fleury-Milfort, E., Hernandez, S., Hollen, B., Kaufman, F., Law, E., Mansilla, V., Miller, D., Muñoz, C., Ortiz, R., Ward, A., Wexler, K., Xu, Y.K., Yasuda, P., Levitt Katz, L., Berkowitz, R., Boyd, S., Johnson, B., Kaplan, J., Keating, C., Lassiter, C., Lipman, T., McGinley, G., McKnight, H., Schwartzman, B., Willi, S., Arslanian, S., Bacha, F., Foster, S., Galvin, B., Hannon, T., Kriska, A., Libman, I., Marcus, M., Porter, K., Songer, T., Venditti, E., Goland, R., Gallagher, D., Kringas, P., Leibel, N., Ng, D., Ovalles, M., Seidman, D., Laffel, L., Goebel-Fabbri, A., Hall, M., Higgins, L., Keady, J., Malloy, M., Milaszewski, K., Rasbach, L., Nathan, D.M., Angelescu, A., Bissett, L., Ciccarelli, C., Delahanty, L., Goldman, V., Hardy, O., Larkin, M., Levitsky, L., McEachern, R., Norman, D., Nwosu, D., Park-Bennett, S., Richards, D., Sherry, N., Steiner, B., Tollefsen, S., Carnes, S., Dempsher, D., Flomo, D., Whelan, T., Wolff, B., Weinstock, R., Bowerman, D., Bristol, S., Bulger, J., Hartsig, J., Izquierdo, R., Kearns, J., Saletsky, R., Trief, P., Zeitler, P., Abramson, N., Bradhurst, A., Celona-Jacobs, N., Higgins, J., Kelsey, M., Klingensmith, G., Nadeau, K., Witten, T., Copeland, K., Boss, E., Brown, R., Chadwick, J., Chalmers, L., Chernausek, S., Hebensperger, A., Macha, C., Newgent, R., Nordyke, A., Olson, D., Poulsen, T., Pratt, L., Preske, J., Schanuel, J., Sternlof, S., Lynch, J., Amodei, N., Barajas, R., Cody, C., Hale, D., Hernandez, J., Ibarra, C., Morales, E., Rivera, S., Rupert, G., Wauters, A., White, N., Arbeláez, A., Jones, J., Jones, T., Sadler, M., Tanner, M., Timpson, A., Welch, R., Caprio, S., Grey, M., Guandalini, C., Lavietes, S., Rose, P., Syme, A., Tamborlane, W., Hirst, K., Edelstein, S., Feit, P., Grover, N., Long, C., Pyle, L., Linder, B., Marcovina, S.M., Harting, J., Shepherd, J., Fan, B., Marquez, L., Sherman, M., Wang, J., Nichols, M., Mayer-Davis, E., Liu, Y., Lima, J., Gidding, S., Puccella, J., Ricketts, E., Danis, R., Domalpally, A., Goulding, A., Neill, S., Vargo, P., Wilfley, D., Aldrich-Rasche, D., Franklin, K., Massmann, C., O’Brien, D., Patterson, J., Tibbs, T., Van Buren, D., Palmert, M., Ratner, R., Dremaine, D., Silverstein, J., Bjornstad, Petter, Nehus, Edward, El ghormli, Laure, Bacha, Fida, Libman, Ingrid M., McKay, Siripoom, Willi, Steven M., Laffel, Lori, Arslanian, Silva, and Nadeau, Kristen J.

Published
2018
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11. Cardiac Biomarkers in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the TODAY Study

Author

McKay, S., Haymond, M., Anderson, B., Bush, C., Gunn, S., Holden, H., Jones, S.M., Jeha, G., McGirk, S., Thamotharan, S., Cuttler, L., Abrams, E., Casey, T., Dahms, W., Ievers-Landis, C., Kaminski, B., Koontz, M., MacLeish, S., McGuigan, P., Narasimhan, S., Geffner, M., Barraza, V., Chang, N., Conrad, B., Dreimane, D., Estrada, S., Fisher, L., Fleury-Milfort, E., Hernandez, S., Hollen, B., Kaufman, F., Law, E., Mansilla, V., Miller, D., Muñoz, C., Ortiz, R., Ward, A., Wexler, K., Xu, Y.K., Yasuda, P., Levitt Katz, L., Berkowitz, R., Boyd, S., Johnson, B., Kaplan, J., Keating, C., Lassiter, C., Lipman, T., McGinley, G., McKnight, H., Schwartzman, B., Willi, S., Arslanian, S., Bacha, F., Foster, S., Galvin, B., Hannon, T., Kriska, A., Libman, I., Marcus, M., Porter, K., Songer, T., Venditti, E., Goland, R., Gallagher, D., Kringas, P., Leibel, N., Ng, D., Ovalles, M., Seidman, D., Laffel, L., Goebel-Fabbri, A., Hall, M., Higgins, L., Keady, J., Malloy, M., Milaszewski, K., Rasbach, L., Nathan, D.M., Angelescu, A., Bissett, L., Ciccarelli, C., Delahanty, L., Goldman, V., Hardy, O., Larkin, M., Levitsky, L., McEachern, R., Norman, D., Nwosu, D., Park-Bennett, S., Richards, D., Sherry, N., Steiner, B., Tollefsen, S., Carnes, S., Dempsher, D., Flomo, D., Whelan, T., Wolff, B., Weinstock, R., Bowerman, D., Bristol, S., Bulger, J., Hartsig, J., Izquierdo, R., Kearns, J., Saletsky, R., Trief, P., Zeitler, P., Abramson, N., Bradhurst, A., Celona-Jacobs, N., Higgins, J., Kelsey, M., Klingensmith, G., Nadeau, K., Witten, T., Copeland, K., Boss, E., Brown, R., Chadwick, J., Chalmers, L., Chernausek, S., Hebensperger, A., Macha, C., Newgent, R., Nordyke, A., Olson, D., Poulsen, T., Pratt, L., Preske, J., Schanuel, J., Sternlof, S., Lynch, J., Amodei, N., Barajas, R., Cody, C., Hale, D., Hernandez, J., Ibarra, C., Morales, E., Rivera, S., Rupert, G., Wauters, A., White, N., Arbeláez, A., Jones, J., Jones, T., Sadler, M., Tanner, M., Timpson, A., Welch, R., Caprio, S., Grey, M., Guandalini, C., Lavietes, S., Rose, P., Syme, A., Tamborlane, W., Hirst, K., Edelstein, S., Feit, P., Grover, N., Long, C., Pyle, L., Linder, B., Marcovina, S.M., Harting, J., Shepherd, J., Fan, B., Marquez, L., Sherman, M., Wang, J., Nichols, M., Mayer-Davis, E., Liu, Y., Lima, J., Gidding, S., Puccella, J., Ricketts, E., Danis, R., Domalpally, A., Goulding, A., Neill, S., Vargo, P., Wilfley, D., Aldrich-Rasche, D., Franklin, K., Massmann, C., O'Brien, D., Patterson, J., Tibbs, T., Van Buren, D., Palmert, M., Ratner, R., Dremaine, D., Silverstein, J., Gidding, Samuel S., Bacha, Fida, Bjornstad, Petter, Levitt Katz, Lorraine E., Levitsky, Lynne L., Lynch, Jane, Tryggestad, Jeanie B., Weinstock, Ruth S., El ghormli, Laure, and Lima, Joao A.C.

Published
2018
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14. Titanite geochemistry and textures: Implications for magmatic and post-magmatic processes in the Notch Peak and Little Cottonwood granitic intrusions, Utah

Author

Porter K. Henze, Eric H. Christiansen, Bart J. Kowallis, Michael J. Dorais, Haley D. Mosher, Lauren M. Franzen, Alec J. Martin, and Peter I. Nabelek

Subjects
Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology
Abstract

Textural and compositional variations in titanite constrain the roles of magma mixing and hydrothermal alteration in two plutons in central Utah: the Jurassic Notch Peak and the Oligocene Little Cottonwood stocks. In the Notch Peak intrusion, magmatic titanite grains usually have oscillatory zones combined with BSE-bright sector zones, in some cases surrounding simple unzoned cores. These grains are frequently overprinted by hydrothermal titanite with low concentrations of high field strength elements (HFSE). Magmatic titanite has an average δ18O of 6.0‰ and post-magmatic titanite is 6.2‰, as analyzed by SIMS. Average Zr-in-titanite temperatures are also similar, with 718 °C for magmatic and 711 °C for hydrothermal titanite. These observations indicate simple magmatic growth, followed by hydrothermal alteration by magmatic fluids. Titanite in aplite dikes and sills has lower concentrations of all trace elements except F. Many titanite grains in the aplites have late overgrowths of high-Fe titanite. This high-Fe titanite has δ18O of 6‰ and an average Zr-in-titanite temperature of 718 °C and likely precipitated from a last flush of exsolved magmatic water enriched in Cl and Fe. Titanite in the Little Cottonwood stock typically has distinct patchy cores with rounded and embayed ilmenite inclusions. Mafic enclaves have abundant titanite that is similar in texture and δ18O (5.1‰) to titanite in the host (δ18O = 4.9‰), but it has a slightly higher average Zr-in-titanite temperature (731 vs. 717 °C). The patchy cores in the enclaves have the highest average Zr-in-titanite temperature (759 °C) and distinctive REE patterns. The textural and compositional data indicate that a hotter, more reduced, ilmenite-bearing mafic magma mixed into an oxidized felsic magma, destabilizing existing ilmenite and allowing crystallization of titanite. In the granodiorite and in the enclaves, hydrothermal growth of titanite is evidenced by distinct narrow rims as well as anhedral titanite that grew between sheets of chloritized biotite. Secondary hydrothermal titanite typically has lower concentrations of most HFSE, but is relatively enriched in F, Mg, Mo, and U, and it has higher Nb/Ta and lower Th/U ratios. Post-magmatic titanite also has strikingly different REE patterns than magmatic titanite, including the absence of pronounced Eu anomalies and lower REE abundances. These chemical features are controlled by element solubilities in aqueous fluids. In most cases, hydrothermal titanite has δ18O values similar to magmatic titanite, indicating alteration and recrystallization from exsolved magmatic fluids. The involvement of meteoric water with low δ18O is evident locally; individual spots have δ18O as low as 1.7‰ in the Little Cottonwood stock. Titanite compositions and textures provide important insights into the origins of granitic rocks and can be used to distinguish separate batches of magma, gauge the evolution of magmatic rocks, assess mixing processes, and infer compositions of mixing components. Because titanite also forms hydrothermally, it retains hints about the composition, temperature, and oxygen fugacity of the hydrothermal fluids and reveals details about titanite-forming reactions. However, the Al-in-titanite geobarometer does not yield realistic pressures of crystallization and the use of titanite as a geochronometer is compromised by the development of U-rich hydrothermal titanite.

Published
2023
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15. The Impact of Health Literacy on Rural Adults' Satisfaction with a Multi-Component Intervention to Reduce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake

Author

Bailey, A. N., Porter, K. J., and Hill, J. L.

Abstract

SIP"smart"ER is a 6-month behavioral intervention designed using a health literacy universal precautions approach that has been found effective at reducing sugary beverage intake in rural, low socioeconomic adults. The purpose of this mixed-methods study is to determine if health literacy status influenced participants' satisfaction and perceptions of each intervention component: small group classes, interactive-voice response (IVR) calls, personal action plans and self-monitoring logs. Of the 155 participants enrolled in SIPsmartER, 105 (68%) completed an interview-administered summative evaluation including 68 high and 37 low health literate participants. The quantitative findings show participant satisfaction with each intervention component was high (i.e. classes = 9.6, IVR calls = 8.1, action plans = 8.9-9.1, logs = 8.7 on a 10-point scale) and similar across both health literacy groups. The majority of qualitative responses were positive (81.8%) and code counts were comparable between literacy groups with a few exceptions. As compared with high health literacy respondents, low health literacy respondents more frequently mentioned liking the content and length of IVR calls, liking the motivational aspects of the personal action plans, and identified numeracy issues with the self-monitoring logs. Overall, applying a health literacy universal precautions approach is an effective and acceptable strategy for both high and low health literacy groups.

Published
2016
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20. CASCADE protocol: exploring current viral and host characteristics, measuring clinical and patient-reported outcomes, and understanding the lived experiences and needs of individuals with recently acquired HIV infection through a multicentre mixed-methods observational study in Europe and Canada

Author

Ruiz-Burga, E. Tariq, S. Touloumi, G. Gill, J. Nicholls, E.J. Sabin, C. Mussini, C. Meyer, L. Volny Anne, A. Carlander, C. Grabar, S. Jarrin, I. Van Der Valk, M. Wittkop, L. Spire, B. Pantazis, N. Burns, F.M. Porter, K. and Ruiz-Burga, E. Tariq, S. Touloumi, G. Gill, J. Nicholls, E.J. Sabin, C. Mussini, C. Meyer, L. Volny Anne, A. Carlander, C. Grabar, S. Jarrin, I. Van Der Valk, M. Wittkop, L. Spire, B. Pantazis, N. Burns, F.M. Porter, K.

Abstract

Introduction Despite the availability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and antiretroviral therapy (ART), 21 793 people were newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe in 2019. The Concerted action on seroconversion to AIDS and death in Europe study aims to understand current drivers of the HIV epidemic; factors associated with access to, and uptake of prevention methods and ART initiation; and the experiences, needs and outcomes of people with recently acquired HIV. Methods and analysis This longitudinal observational study is recruiting participants aged ≥16 years with documented laboratory evidence of HIV seroconversion from clinics in Canada and six European countries. We will analyse data from medical records, self-administered questionnaires, semistructured interviews and participatory photography. We will assess temporal trends in transmitted drug resistance and viral subtype and examine outcomes following early ART initiation. We will investigate patient-reported outcomes, well-being, and experiences of, knowledge of, and attitudes to HIV preventions, including PrEP. We will analyse qualitative data thematically and triangulate quantitative and qualitative findings. As patient public involvement is central to this work, we have convened a community advisory board (CAB) comprising people living with HIV. Ethics and dissemination All respective research ethics committees have approval for data to contribute to international collaborations. Written informed consent is required to take part. A dissemination strategy will be developed in collaboration with CAB and the scientific committee. It will include peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and accessible summaries of findings on the study's website, social media and via community organisations. © The Author(s)

Published
2023

36. HIV incidence in the Estonian population in 2013 determined using the HIV‐1 limiting antigen avidity assay

Author

Soodla, P, Simmons, R, Huik, K, Pauskar, M, Jõgeda, E‐L, Rajasaar, H, Kallaste, E, Maimets, M, Avi, R, Murphy, G, Porter, K, Lutsar, I, Del Amo, Julia, Meyer, Laurence, Bucher, Heiner C., Chêne, Geneviève, Hamouda, Osamah, Pillay, Deenan, Prins, Maria, Rosinska, Magda, Sabin, Caroline, Touloumi, Giota, Olson, Ashley, Cartier, Andrea, Fradette, Lorraine, Walker, Sarah, Babiker, Abdel, De Luca, Andrea, Fisher, Martin, Muga, Roberto, Kelleher, Tony, Cooper, David, Grey, Pat, Finlayson, Robert, Bloch, Mark, Ramacciotti, Tim, Gelgor, Linda, Smith, Don, Zangerle, Robert, Gill, John, Dabis, Francois, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Costagliola, Dominique, Guiguet, Marguerite, Vanhems, Philippe, Chaix, Marie‐Laure, Ghosn, Jade, Boufassa, Faroudy, Meixenberger, Karolin, Bannert, Norbert, Bartmeyer, Barbara, Antoniadou, Anastasia, Chrysos, Georgios, Daikos, Georgios L., Pantazis, Nikos, Katsarou, Olga, Rezza, Giovanni, Dorrucci, Maria, Monforte, Antonella dʼArminio, Geskus, Ronald, van der Helm, Jannie, Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Sannes, Mette, Brubakk, Oddbjorn, Kran, Anne‐Marte Bakken, Rosinska, Magdalena, Tor, Jordi, de Olalla, Patricia Garcia, Cayla, Joan, Moreno, Santiago, Monge, Susana, del Romero, Jorge, Pérez‐Hoyos, Santiago, Sönnerborg, Anders, Günthard, Huldrych, Scherrer, Alexandra, Malyuta, Ruslan, Johnson, Anne, Phillips, Andrew, Morrison, Charles, Price, Matt A., Giaquinto, Carlo, Grarup, Jesper, Kirk, Ole, Bailey, Heather, Volny Anne, Alain, Panteleev, Alex, Thorne, Claire, Aboulker, Jean‐Pierre, Albert, Jan, Asandi, Silvia, De Wit, Stéphane, Reiss, Peter, Gatell, José, Karpov, Igor, Ledergerber, Bruno, Møller, Claus, Rakhmanova, Aza, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Sandhu, Manjinder, Dedes, Nikos, Pizzuti, David, Faggion, Silvia, Raben, Dorthe, Schwimmer, Christine, and Scott, Martin

Published
2018
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38. Historical occurrence of alien arthropods and pathogens on trees in Canada

Author

Nealis, V.G., DeMerchant, I., Langor, D., Noseworthy, M.K., Pohl, G., Porter, K., Shanks, E., Turnquist, R., and Waring, V.

Subjects
Trees -- Diseases and pests -- Forecasts and trends, Fungi, Phytopathogenic -- Forecasts and trends, Arthropoda -- Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Earth sciences
Abstract

The Canadian Forest Invasive Alien Species (CanFIAS) database provides point records of alien arthropod (insects and mites) and pathogen (fungi) species found on trees in Canada extracted from more than 100 years of national surveys. Each record includes a species identification, location, year of observation, and host association and is linked electronically to its original source. More than 175 000 records of 329 alien arthropod species and 11 plant pathogens are available. Historical rates of detection, as indicated by first records, were greatest in the decades following the two world wars. The overall rate has been approximately three species per year since 1900. Richness of alien species is greatest in the Coastal and Great Lakes- St. Lawrence forest ecozones and lowest in the Subalpine and Tundra ecozones. The alien species most significant in terms of extent of invasion and damage to trees are tree-host specialists, feeding on or infecting mostly one or two genera in a single plant family. Important commercial trees including pine, spruce, poplar, and birch and amenity genera including willow, cherry, and maple host the greatest diversity of alien species. Sap-feeding insects are the most speciose feeding group, but foliage- feeding and wood-boring insects and plant pathogens cause the most damage. Key words: alien invasive species, insects, pathogens, survey. La base de donnees sur les especes exotiques envahissantes forestieres au Canada (EEEFCan) fournit des rapports ponctuels au sujet des especes exotiques d'arthropodes (insectes et acariens) et de champignons pathogenes observees sur les arbres. Ces rapports sont extraits des releves nationaux qui remontent a plus d'une centaine d'annees. Chaque rapport inclut l'identification de l'espece, la localisation, l'annee d'observation ainsi que l'hote associe et est relie electroniquement a sa source originelle. Plus de 175 000 rapports de 329 especes exotiques d'arthropodes et de 11 phytopathogenes sont disponibles. Comme l'indiquent les premiers rapports, les taux historiques de detection etaient plus eleves au cours de decennies qui ont suivi les deux guerres mondiales. Globalement, le taux est d'environ trois especes par annee depuis 1900. La richesse en especes exotiques est la plus elevee dans les ecozones forestieres cotiere et des Grands Lacs et du Saint-Laurent et la plus faible dans les ecozones subalpine et de toundra. Les especes exotiques les plus importantes en termes d'ampleur de l'invasion et des dommages aux arbres sont celles qui ont developpe une specificite pour leurs hotes; la plupart du temps elles se nourrissent sur ou infectent un ou deux genres d'une meme famille de plantes. Des arbres importants du point de vue commercial incluant le pin, l'epicea, le peuplier et le bouleau et des genres d'agrement incluant le saule, le cerisier et l'erable servent d'hotes a la plus grande diversite d'especes exotiques. Parmi les phytophages, le groupe des insectes succivores compte le plus d'especes mais les insectes qui se nourrissent du feuillage (phyllophages) et ceux qui creusent des galeries dans le bois (xylophages) ainsi que les phytopathogenes causent le plus de dommages. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : especes exotiques envahissantes, insectes, pathogenes, releve., Introduction Organisms have been introduced outside their native ranges for as long as people have colonized new territory and long before the notions of 'invasive' and 'alien' entered our consciousness [...]

Published
2016
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44. Re-imagining Marketing Scholarship in the era of the UN Sustainable Development Goals

Author

Voola, R, Carlson, J, Azmat, Fara, Viet Ngo, L, Porter, K, Sinha, A, Voola, R, Carlson, J, Azmat, Fara, Viet Ngo, L, Porter, K, and Sinha, A

Abstract

The pandemic, rising inequalities, climate change, consumer mistrust of brands, organizations and their intentions, pose important questions relating to marketing’s relevance and impact in the real world. Additionally, there are growing calls by global bodies, such as the UN, national governments, consumers, students, suppliers, and leading practitioners to re-imagine and broaden the role of business and marketing to consider benefits to stakeholders (consumers, suppliers, employees, community, as well as shareholders). In this editorial, we contend that the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) framework has the potential to address the myriad of challenges identified by marketing scholars and practitioners. With the assistance of quotes from marketing scholars, non-marketing scholars, marketing students and practitioners, we offer a rationale for a proactive and considered engagement by marketing scholarship, with the UN SDGs. We then introduce the six papers included in this special issue. We conclude by calling for further critical inquiry at the marketing-SDGs interface including; 1) Re-imagining the philosophy of marketing and marketing education; 2) Marketing capabilities and the SDGs; 3) Understanding consumer behavior, and 4) Learning across contexts.

Published
2022

45. A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands.

Author

Wymant, C., Bezemer, D., Blanquart, F., Ferretti, L., Gall, A., Hall, M., Golubchik, T., Bakker, M., Ong, S.H., Zhao, L., Bonsall, D., Cesare, M. de, MacIntyre-Cockett, G., Abeler-Dörner, L., Albert, J., Bannert, N., Fellay, J., Grabowski, M.K., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Günthard, H.F., Kivelä, P., Kouyos, R.D., Laeyendecker, O., Meyer, L., Porter, K., Ristola, M., Sighem, A. van, Berkhout, B., Kellam, P., Strik-Albers, Riet, Rahamat-Langendoen, J.C., Stelma, F.F., Burger, D.M., Crevel, R. van, Aerde, K.J. van, Dofferhoff, A.S.M., Henriet, S.S.V., Hofstede, H.J.M. ter, Hoogerwerf, J.J., Keuter, M., Richel, O., Reiss, P., Fraser, C., Wymant, C., Bezemer, D., Blanquart, F., Ferretti, L., Gall, A., Hall, M., Golubchik, T., Bakker, M., Ong, S.H., Zhao, L., Bonsall, D., Cesare, M. de, MacIntyre-Cockett, G., Abeler-Dörner, L., Albert, J., Bannert, N., Fellay, J., Grabowski, M.K., Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B., Günthard, H.F., Kivelä, P., Kouyos, R.D., Laeyendecker, O., Meyer, L., Porter, K., Ristola, M., Sighem, A. van, Berkhout, B., Kellam, P., Strik-Albers, Riet, Rahamat-Langendoen, J.C., Stelma, F.F., Burger, D.M., Crevel, R. van, Aerde, K.J. van, Dofferhoff, A.S.M., Henriet, S.S.V., Hofstede, H.J.M. ter, Hoogerwerf, J.J., Keuter, M., Richel, O., Reiss, P., and Fraser, C.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log(10) increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence.

Published
2022

46. Intermittent systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation disrupts hippocampal long-term potentiation and impairs cognition in aging male mice

Author

Engler-Chiurazzi, EB, primary, Russel, AE, additional, Povroznik, JM, additional, McDonald, K, additional, Porter, K, additional, Wang, DS, additional, Billig, BK, additional, Felton, CC, additional, Hammock, J, additional, Schreurs, BG, additional, O’Callaghan, JD, additional, Zwezdaryk, KJ, additional, and Simpkins, JW, additional

Published
2022
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