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The application of energy-efficiency strategies in buildings is a hot topic around the world; in some countries, there are regulations with more or less degree of compliance, but in most countries located in the tropical zone, there are no regulations, and it is not easy to transfer regulations of countries outside of tropical zone. For countries located in tropical zones, the implementation of strategies to reduce the heat flow from outside to inside buildings is a key point. As a case study, the Dominican Republic (DR) was chosen, and during 2020, an analysis focusing on buildings of the tertiary level was carried out with the goal of using scientific methodology focused on tropical climates that allows for a significant reduction in energy consumption by implementing Energy Efficiency Strategies (EESs) that are available, with minimal intrusion into the building and low cost. The study includes, as parts of the proposed methodology, the characterization of building parks, including the climatic zonification of the country, an in-depth study of the building typologies in DR, and a massive survey around the country about the technical characteristics of air conditioning units and their usage; the election and characterization of buildings, including simulation and validation throughout the monitoring of eight different buildings; ananalysis of the measures of energy efficiency and implementation in the models, including the election of a demonstrative building, the election of the most convenient EESs, modeling of EESs, implementing EESs in the building, monitoring, and validation; and ananalysis of the impact of the measures at the region or country level, throughout which important conclusions can be obtained in order to reduce energy consumption in the country. The results show that this methodology is a valid tool for countries situated in tropical areas in order to reduce the energy consumption associated with air conditioning units with low cost, availability, and no intrusive EESs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement of the energy performance in buildings is key for sustainable development, even more so in the case of the Dominican Republic (DR), which is committed to this goal but which has neither regulation nor specific social behavior in this field. The main goal of this work is double; on one hand it is aimed at providing useable information for those who have the responsibly of making regulation norms and on the other, it is desirable to give an essential, technically proven and handy tool to those involved in the construction sector in improving the envelopes of buildings and to introduce good practices into the management of the energy systems of buildings. A case study of eight administrative buildings located in different climatic zones of the DR was carried out. A simulation tool was used for the study, and one of the buildings was monitored to verify the simulation work. Those factors that affect the development of the buildings in relation to thermo-energy consumption have been detailed. The large-scale heat gains resulting from the common glazing used by the tertiary sector in the Dominican Republic (including office buildings, hospitals and shops among others) illustrate the need for economically viable solutions in this sector. As a conclusion, it has been proved that the incidental thermal load of buildings could be reduced by up to 40%, thus in turn reducing the costs associated with the electricity needed to maintain the users' desired thermal comfort level, as their influence in this sector is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of Thermoeconomics in the diagnosis of building energy supply systems allows the localization and quantification of an abnormal operation, which can cause significant increase in energy consumption to obtain the same product. To do that, a comparison between the real operation of the energy system and the reference operation must be done. In this paper a DHW and heating plant based on a condensing boiler has been analysed. Diagnosis is applied through a mono-failure case using a methodology based on the fuel impact formula and the malfunction and dysfunction analysis. An innovative methodology will be presented in order to filter the induced effects that take place in a dynamic situation due to the control system. Although the real aim of diagnosis is to solve the inverse problem, in this work we have faced a direct problem, in which a parameter of one component of the plant has been modified and its effect over the other components and the whole plant is evaluated. The major outcome is that by the application of this methodology the effects produced by the faulty component can easily be quantified, both in performance and economic terms. Those effects are due to the component malfunction as well as the induced malfunctions and dysfunctions generated in the other components of the facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A thermoeconomic analysis has been applied to the annual operation of a micro-cogeneration installation in a tertiary sector building combining the capabilities of dynamic simulation with the thermoeconomic analysis. The SenerTec’s DACHS micro-cogeneration unit is considered integrated in a heating and domestic hot water installation, meeting the electric and thermal loads of a residential building. A six minute-based exergy analysis has been implemented in the TRNSYS v.16 thermal simulation software, while the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) has been developed to determine the cumulative exergy consumption of the different components of the plant. The thermoeconomic analysis of the micro-CHP installation is performed for its annual operation which includes the analysis of the entire system, considering the costs and exergy content of both flows and components. The relationship between the annual contribution to the costs of the components and the energy consumption has resulted equal to 34.2%. A combined production cost value has been defined and has been compared with the micro-CHP unit and the conventional production system, being 34.6 and 45.42 c€/kWhex respectively, underlying the opportunity that micro-CHP units provide in residential installations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]