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Background: There is little evidence that nutraceuticals from beetroot extract are beneficial with regards to recovery of the cardiovascular parameters and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) after submaximal aerobic exercise, though this formulation is employed widely for this purpose. Objective: To study the effects of beetroot extract supplementation on the recovery of cardiorespiratory and autonomic parameters after a session of submaximal aerobic exercise. Methods: Sixteen healthy male adults commenced a cross-over, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Beetroot extract (600 mg) or placebo (600 mg) were ingested 120 min prior to evaluation on randomized days. We assessed systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) indexes at Rest and during 60 min of recovery from submaximal aerobic exercise. Results: Beetroot extract ingestion slightly accelerated HR, SBP, DBP and MAP reduction following exercise associated to the placebo protocol (vs. rest). Yet no group effect (p = 0.99) was identified between the beetroot and placebo protocols on HR mean, in addition to interaction (group vs. time) (p = 0.60). No group effect was attained between the SBP (p = 0.90), DBP (p = 0.88), MAP (p = 0.73) and PP (p = 0.99) protocols and no significant differences (group vs. time) were observed between the values of SBP (p = 0.75), DBP (p = 0.79), MAP (p = 0.93) and PP (p = 0.63) between placebo and beetroot protocols. Similarly, the reoccurrence of cardiac vagal modulation after exercise via the HF (ms2) was enhanced, but not with regards to the RMSSD index. No group effect (p = 0.99) was identified for the HF (p = 0.90) and RMSSD (p = 0.67) indices. Likewise, we observed no significant differences (group vs. time) amongst the values of HF (p = 0.69) and RMSSD (p = 0.95) between the placebo and beetroot protocols. Conclusion: Whilst beetroot extract might as

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between birth weight and the autonomic nervous system in adulthood through a systematic review. Data source: This is a systematic review of publications without limitation of year and language. We included studies involving the autonomic nervous system and birth weight in adults. Manuscripts were selected based on electronic searches of Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science Cochrane Library and Scopus databases, using “Autonomic Nervous System” OR “Heart Rate” OR “Heart Rate Variability” AND “Birth Weight” as a search strategy. This review is registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews — PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020165622). Data synthesis: We found 894 articles; 215 were excluded for duplicity. Of the remaining 679 studies, 11 remained. Two were excluded because they did not specifically treat the autonomic nervous system or birth weight. There were nine publications, two cohort and seven cross-sectional studies. The main findings were that extreme, very low, low or high birth weight may have some impact on the autonomic nervous system in adult life. Conclusions: Birth weight outside the normality rate may have a negative influence on the autonomic nervous system, causing autonomic dysfunction and increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adult life. Thus, the importance of the follow-up of health professionals from pregnancy to gestation and throughout life, with preventive care being emphasized. = Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o peso ao nascer e o sistema nervoso autônomo na vida adulta por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Fontes de dados: Esta é uma revisão sistemática de publicações, sem limitação de ano e idioma. Incluímos estudos envolvendo o sistema nervoso autônomo e peso ao nascer em adultos. Os manuscritos foram selecionados das bases de dados eletrônicos Medical Literatu

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery.

Introduction: Studying the behavior on nonlinear HRV indexes in situations mediated by exercise may reveal other ways to analyze HRV recovery after stress situations. To investigate the acute effects of beet extract on autonomic recovery following an acute resistance exercise session. Methods: This is a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. We assessed 12 healthy male adults who participated in two protocols in randomized days: Beetroot extract (600mg in capsule) and Placebo (600mg in capsule). Both protocols were applied 120 minutes prior to an exercise resistance session (75% 1RM). Nonlinear dynamics of HRV (Symbolic analysis, SampEn, DFA and HR fragmentation) were studied before, during exercise and during recovery from strength exercise. Results: Beetroot extract protocol intensified the recovery of the symbolic analysis of HRV via index 0V% (zero opposite variations) and 2UV% (two unlike variations); accelerating the recovery of fractal analysis (DFA); nevertheless, it was unable to trigger changes during recovery in SampEn and HR fragmentation. Conclusion: Ingestion of beetroot extract prior to resistance exercise improves nonlinear HRV dynamical autonomic recovery following physical effort.

Introduction: The influence of energy drink (ED) on the analysis of autonomic parameters through post-exercise heart rate variability (HRV) remains undefined. We propose to assess the results of the principal studies that estimated the acute effects of ED intake on HRV recovery after effort. Summary of facts and results: Searches were completed in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Bireme, MedRxiv, and Scopus. The research commenced between July 2020 and March 2021. The terms necessary to identify the studies were “Energy Drink” AND “Exercise” AND “Recovery” AND “Heart Rate Variability”. Only clinical, crossover, and placebo-controlled trials were suitable for the final sample. Four studies were considered eligible, studies could not demonstrate significant values akin to the intervention with ED. The total sample size for performing the meta-analysis was 59 participants. The 99% confidence interval (CI) of our meta-analysis ranged from −2.13 to 0.36 with a combined effect size of −0.89 for SDNN , −1.34 to 0.10 with a combined effect size from −0.62 for RMSSD. Conclusion: Our review supports that ED intake did not change the post-exercise HRV recovery in healthy adults.

Nitrate (NO3) supplementation through beetroot juice seems effective in high-intensity and short-duration exercises, which primarily use the anaerobic metabolic pathway. In order to clarify these issues, a systematic review was developed to investigate the effects of the use of NO3 supplementation derived from sugar beet on performance. The search was performed in PubMed (via MedLine), Cochrane Library, and EMBASE using the search strategy: “Athletic Performances” OR “Sports” OR “Performance” AND “Nitrates” OR “Beta vulgaris” OR “Beet”. The primary study population should include healthy, physically active adults aged 18 to 65 years. The intervention with NO3- should be beetroot juice and controlled with placebo intervention, with characteristics similar to beetroot juice and depleted in NO3. The studies should bring as outcome variables of physical performance in exercises with a predominantly anaerobic metabolic pathway. We consider single or double-blind, randomized clinical trials. 177 articles were found in the databases, which after the screening and eligibility stages, only 9 remained in the sample. The intervention with NO3 from beet juice showed essential contributions in the performance tests of the primary studies. Most of the included trials showed better results in the group that ingested NO3. It can conclude that NO3 from beetroot juice is an essential ergogenic resource in high intensity and short duration activities, and, therefore, it can be used in conditions that aim to increase the performance of athletes., A suplementação de nitrato (NO3) por meio do suco de beterraba, parece ser eficaz em exercícios de alta intensidade e curta duração, que utilizam primordialmente a via metabólica anaeróbica. A fim de esclarecer tais questões, foi desenvolvida uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo investigar os efeitos da utilização da suplementação de NO3 derivado da beterraba sobre a performance. A busca sistematizada foi realizada PubMed (via MedLine), Cochrane Library e EMBASE utilizando a estratégia de busca: “Athletic Performances” OR “Sports” OR “Performance” AND “Nitrates” OR “Beta vulgaris” OR “Beet”. A população dos estudos primários deveria incluir adultos saudáveis e fisicamente ativos com idade entre 18 a 65 anos. A intervenção com NO3- deveria ser do suco de beterraba e controlada com uma intervenção placebo, com características similares ao suco de beterraba e depletado em NO3. Os estudos deveriam trazer como desfecho variáveis de desempenho físico em exercícios com via metabólica predominantemente anaeróbica. Consideramos ensaios clínicos randomizados simples ou duplo-cegos. 177 artigos foram encontrados nas bases de dados que após as etapas de triagem e elegibilidade apenas 9 permaneceram na amostra. A intervenção com o NO3 do suco de beterraba demonstrou importantes contribuições nos testes de desempenhos dos estudos primários. A maioria dos ensaios incluídos apresentaram melhores resultados no grupo que ingeriu o NO3. Pode-se concluir que o NO3 do suco de beterraba é um importante recurso ergogênico em atividades de alta intensidade e curta duração e, portanto, pode ser utilizado em condições que visam aumentar o desempenho de atletas.

Introduction. Energy drink (ED) intake could initiate physiological changes owing to its stimulant characteristics and, it improves endurance and athletic performance. We evaluated the acute effects of ED on autonomic heart rate (HR) control during recovery after a session of submaximal aerobic exercise. Method. The study was completed by submitting 29 healthy males between 18 and 30 years old to three conventions: (A) Maximum exercise test by the adapted Bruce protocol; (B) Placebo protocol (PP) - water intake 15 minutes prior to exercise, rest in dorsal decubitus for 15 minutes followed by 5 minutes of treadmill running at 1% inclination, initial speed of 5 km/h for 5 minutes 25 minutes with 60% of the velocity consistent to the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and finally 60 minutes of recovery at rest in the supine position; (C) Experimental protocol (PE) - similar to PP previously, but with ED intake 15 minutes before physical exercise. The time, frequency and geometric indexes of HR variability (HRV) were inspected before and after exercise. Results. There was a significant (p < 0.05, <5%) effect on the HRV index (HR-nu and ms2, LF-nu and ms2, LF/HF, SD1, SDNN and RMSSD), indicating a reduction in HRV in the first 5 minutes after exercise in both protocols (PP and PE). Yet, no protocol interaction was detected, suggesting no effect of ED on HRV throughout recovery after submaximal aerobic exercise. Conclusion. There was no significant effect of ED on the autonomic control of HR in the recovery phase after submaximal aerobic exercise.