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This study assessed in vitro apical leakage in root canals filled with gutta-percha and Ketac-Endo using different dentin conditioning and filling techniques. The root canals of 63 single-rooted teeth were instrumented and randomly divided into the following four groups: group A canals were irrigated with 25% tannic acid and filled with Ketac-Endo and a standardized gutta-percha cone; group B canals were irrigated with 1% NaOCl and filled as in group A; group C canals were irrigated with 25% tannie acid filled with Ketac-Endo and a chloroform-softened gutta-percha cone adapted to the canal walls; group D canals were irrigated with 1% NaOCl and filled with Grossman's sealer and laterally condensed gutta-percha. After storage for 72 hours at 37 ° C and 100% humidity, the gutta-percha was removed to a level 4 mm short of the working length, using a Peeso reamer. Teeth were immersed in India ink for 48 hours and cleared, and the coronal extent of dye penetration examined under a binocular dissecting microscope at X 15 magnification. The mean value of leakage for group A was 0.86 mm, for group b 2.23 mm, for group C 2.34 mm, and for group D 0.56 mm. Turkey's multiple comparison test disclosed significant differences (P <0.05) between group A and group B and C, and between group D and groups B and C. Differences between groups A and D, as well as between groups B and C, were not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the apical seal of root canals filled with Ketac Endo glass ionomer cement with a single point or multiple points and partial removal of fillings using drills with or without water cooling. Ninety-six single-root teeth were instrumented and filled with Ketac Endo and gutta-percha. The single point procedure was used in 48 teeth and the multiple point procedure was used in the other 48 teeth, without lateral condensation. After 72 hours, 16 teeth were randomly selected from each of the two groups and the fillings were partially removed with drills without cooling. The fillings from an additional 16 teeth were partially removed with water spray cooled drills. The fillings in the remaining teeth were not removed. All the teeth were partially protected with nail varnish and then dipped in Indian ink and finally cleared. The maximum linear leakage was measured under a binocular microscope with a micrometric eyepiece. There were no significant differences in leakage between any of the study groups, the root canals filled with the multiple point procedure had a seal similar to those filled with a single point. There was no diference between canals with fillings removed with or without water cooling and they did not have any more leakage than the root canals whose fillings had not been removed. Using Ketak Endo as a sealant, the multiple point procedure without condensation achieves sealing similar to the single point procedure. Partial removal of the fillings from these teeth, with or without water-cooling does not affect the seal.

The aim of this study was to evaluate post space preparation difficulties in canals filled with Ketac Endo and with Grossman's sealer. Sixty-three single-rooted teeth were prepared using a step-back technique and were divided into four groups: group 1--canals were irrigated with 25% tannic acid and filled with Ketac Endo and a single-cone technique; group 2--canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite and fillings done as in the previous group; group 3--canals were irrigated with 25% tannic acid and filled with Ketac Endo and one gutta-percha cone previously adapted with chloroform; and group 4--canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite and filled with Grossman's sealer and a lateral condensation technique. After 72 h, canals post space were prepared using Peeso drills. The time required was measured in seconds and analyzed by Tukey multiple comparison test (level 5%). Post space preparation time for groups 1 to 3 was longer than for group 4 and longer for group 1 than for groups 2 to 4.