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A new cadmium complex with a flexible imidazolinethione ligand has been successfully synthesized. The ligand acts as a bidentate chelating molecule, resulting in the structure being a monomer. In this monomer, cadmium has an octahedral geometry coordinated by four sulfur atoms from two mbit ligands where mbit = 3,3'-methylenebis(1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thione) and two oxygen atoms from the DMF molecules. The $ \textrm{ClO}_4^ - $ ClO 4 − anions are uncoordinated and neutralize the positive charge of the cationic complex. The title complex has a good capacity for adsorbing several organic dyes from pollutant solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face scanning is an important skill that takes place in a highly interactive context embedded within social interaction. However, previous research has studied face scanning using noninteractive stimuli. We aimed to study face scanning and social interaction in infancy in a more ecologically valid way by providing infants with a naturalistic and socially engaging experience. We developed a novel gaze-contingent eye-tracking paradigm in which infants could interact with face stimuli. Responses (socially engaging/socially disengaging) from faces were contingent on infants' eye movements. We collected eye-tracking and behavioral data of 162 (79 male, 83 female) 6-, 9- and 12-month-old infants. All infants showed a clear preference for looking at the eyes relative to the mouth. Contingency was learned implicitly, and infants were more likely to show behavioral responses (e.g., smiling, pointing) when receiving socially engaging responses. Infants' responses were also more often congruent with the actors' responses. Additionally, our large sample allowed us to look at the ranges of behavior on our task, and we identified a small number of infants who displayed deviant behaviors. We discuss these findings in relation to data collected from a small sample (N = 11) of infants considered to be at-risk for autism spectrum disorders. Our results demonstrate the versatility of the gaze-contingency eye-tracking paradigm, allowing for a more nuanced and complex investigation of face scanning as it happens in real-life interaction. As we provide additional measures of contingency learning and reciprocity, our task holds the potential to investigate atypical neurodevelopment within the first year of life.

The number of disease states linked the aberrant regular protein conformations to oligomers and amyloid fibrils. Amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ1−42) peptide is very hydrophobic and quickly forms the β-rich structure and fibrillar protein aggregates in some solutions and buffer conditions. Ultrasonication pulses can disrupt amyloid fibrils to smaller fragments and produce Aβ1−42 peptides of different sizes and oligomers. Herein, we investigated the effects of buffer and ultrasonication on Aβ1−42 structure at low and high concentrations. After ultrasonication, the Western blot results showed that Aβ1−42 fibrils were disaggregated into different sizes. The transmission electron microscopy results indicated Aβ1−42 at low concentration (25 µM) in Ham's/F12 phenol red-free culture medium formed short-size fragments and oligomers. In comparison, Aβ1−42 at higher concentration (100 µM) formed fibrils that break down into smaller fragments after ultrasonication. However, after regrowth, it formed mature fibrils again. Cell viability assay indicated that Aβ1−42 oligomers formed at a low concentration (25 µM) were more toxic to PC12 cells than other forms. In conclusion, by applying ultrasonication pulses and controlling peptide concentration and buffer condition, we can rich Aβ1−42 aggregates with a particular size and molecular structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties composite coating and nano coating of chitosan- cress seed gum (CH-CSG) was investigated. For this purpose, 3 coatings including 33% CH- 66% CSG, 50% CH- 50% CSG, 66% CH- 33% CSG by Ultrathorax homogenizer were produced. Then, 3 nano coatings including 33% CH- 66% CSG, 50% CH- 50% CSG, 66% CH- 33% CSG were also produced using the Ultrasound apparatus and the antioxidant properties of the coatings were obtained by free radical scavenging of DPPH and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), as well as the antibacterial activity of the coating were determined by the diameter of the growth zone against pathogenic bacteria and the spoilage of foods such as Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The results showed that the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the coatings increased as the amount of chitosan (66% CH- 33% CSG) increased and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of nano-coating was significantly higher than the coating (P<0.05). Nanoparticle properties including nanoparticle size and zeta potential were also determined. According to the results, the smallest particle size and highest zeta potential were observed in the nano 66% CH- 33% CSG. The results of electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the structure of the nano coating had a structure without the presence of pores and cracks, imperfections and defects but with increasing gum concentration (decrease in chitosan concentration) the appearance of the films became more rough. Based on the results of this study, nano 66% CH- 33% CSG composite coating with favorable properties have acceptable antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and can be a suitable alternative to common antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have prepared two new sulfur CPs with group 12 transition metals, namely, [Zn (NCS)Cl(μ2‐L)]n(1) and [Hg (SCN)2(μ2‐L)]n(3). [Cd (NCS)Cl(μ2‐L)]n(2), which is isostructural with 1, was synthesized for a comparison from our published work. These compounds have been characterized by FT‐IR, UV–Vis, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental analysis (CHNS), scanning electron microscopy (Fe‐SEM), TGA, BET, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis for 1 and 3. In the structure of all polymers, the bbit ligand [L = bbit = 1,1‐bis(3‐methyl‐4‐imidazoline‐2‐thion)butane] is bridged between metal centers by the anti‐anti‐anti conformation to form an infinite 1D zigzag chain. The considered polymers were used for the removal of a substantial amount of I2 from cyclohexane solution. Despite the nonporous and low dimensional frameworks of title polymers, their maximum iodine adsorption capacities were notable and in order of 817.68, 906.48, and 911.08 mg/g for polymers 1–3, respectively, with an extraordinary stability toward iodine. The capacity of micro‐sized structures was almost double as compared with their bulk ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]