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1. Ransomware Detection Using Federated Learning with Imbalanced Datasets

Author

Vehabovic, Aldin, Zanddizari, Hadi, Ghani, Nasir, Javidi, G., Uluagac, S., Rahouti, M., Bou-Harb, E., and Pour, M. Safaei

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Ransomware is a type of malware which encrypts user data and extorts payments in return for the decryption keys. This cyberthreat is one of the most serious challenges facing organizations today and has already caused immense financial damage. As a result, many researchers have been developing techniques to counter ransomware. Recently, the federated learning (FL) approach has also been applied for ransomware analysis, allowing corporations to achieve scalable, effective detection and attribution without having to share their private data. However, in reality there is much variation in the quantity and composition of ransomware data collected across multiple FL client sites/regions. This imbalance will inevitably degrade the effectiveness of any defense mechanisms. To address this concern, a modified FL scheme is proposed using a weighted cross-entropy loss function approach to mitigate dataset imbalance. A detailed performance evaluation study is then presented for the case of static analysis using the latest Windows-based ransomware families. The findings confirm improved ML classifier performance for a highly imbalanced dataset., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables

Published
2023

2. Photoemission study and band alignment of GaN passivation layers on GaInP heterointerface

Author

Shekarabi, S., Pour, M. A. Zare, Su, H., Zhang, W., He, C., Romanyuk, O., Paszuk, A., Hu, S., and Hannappel, T.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

III-V semiconductor-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices show the highest solar-to-electricity or solar-to-fuel conversion efficiencies. GaInP is a relevant top photoabsorber layer or a charge-selective contact in PEC for integrated and direct solar fuel production, due to its tunable lattice constant, electronic band structure, and favorable optical properties. To enhance the stability of its surface against chemical corrosion which leads to decomposition, we deposit a GaN protection and passivation layer. The n-doped GaInP(100) epitaxial layers were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on top of GaAs(100) substrate. Subsequently, thin 1-20 nm GaN films were grown on top of the oxidized GaInP surfaces by atomic layer deposition. We studied the band alignment of these multi-junction heterostructures by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. Due to the limited emission depth of photoelectrons, we determined the band alignment by a series of separate measurements in which we either modified the GaInP(100) surface termination or the film thickness of the grown GaN on GaInP(100) buffer layers. On n-GaInP(100) surfaces prepared with the well-known phosphorus-rich (2x2)/c(4x2) reconstruction we found up-ward surface band bending (BB) of 0.34 eV, and Fermi level pinning due to the present surface states. Upon oxidation, the surface states are partially passivated resulting in a reduction of BB to 0.12 eV and a valence band offset (VBO) between GaInP and oxide bands of 2.0 eV. Between the GaInP(100) buffer layer and the GaN passivation layer, we identified a VBO of 1.8 eV. The corresponding conduction band offset of -0.2 eV is found to be rather small. Therefore, we evaluate the application of the GaN passivation layer as a promising technological step not only to reduce surface states but also to increase the stability of the surfaces of photoelectrochemical devices.

Published
2023

17. Investigation of psoriasis skin tissue by label-free multi-modal imaging: a case study on a phototherapy-treated patient

Author

Agarwal NR, Dowlatshahi Pour M, Vandikas MS, Neittaanmäki N, Osmancevic A, and Malmberg P

Subjects
Psoriasis skin tissue, non-linear microscopy, lipids, collagen, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Nisha Rani Agarwal,1,* Masoumeh Dowlatshahi Pour,2,* Maria Siekkeri Vandikas,3 Noora Neittaanmäki,4 Amra Osmancevic,3 Per Malmberg21Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; 2Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; 3Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 4Department of Clinical Pathology, Institutes of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden*These authors contributed equally to this workBackground: Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by epidermal proliferation in the skin. Altered lipid metabolism is considered to be a central factor in the psoriatic etiopathogenesis. Thus, it is necessary to visualize chemical specificity of the samples for better medical diagnosis and treatment. Here, we investigate its role in the development of psoriatic lesions, before and after ultraviolet phototherapy, in a case study.Methods: The distribution and morphology of different lipids and fibrous proteins in psoriatic (lesional) tissues were visualized by two complementary label-free imaging techniques: 1) non-linear microscopy (NLM), providing images of lipids/proteins throughout the skin layers at submicrometer resolution; and 2) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), offering high chemical specificity and hence the detection of different lipid species in the epidermal and dermal regions. A conventional method of histological evaluation was performed on the tissues, with no direct comparison with NLM and MSI.Results: Psoriatic tissues had a higher lipid content, mainly in cholesterol, in both the epidermal and dermal regions, compared to healthy tissues. Moreover, the collagen and elastin fibers in the psoriatic tissues had a tendency to assemble as larger bundles, while healthy tissues showed smaller fibers more homogeneously spread. Although phototherapy significantly reduced the cholesterol content, it also increased the amounts of collagen in both lesional and non-lesional tissues.Conclusion: This study introduces NLM and MSI as two complementary techniques which are chemical specific and can be used to assess and visualize the distribution of lipids, collagen, and elastin in a non-invasive and label-free manner.Keywords: psoriasis skin tissue, non-linear microscopy, lipids, collagen, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)

Published
2019

26. Skin permeation studies of chromium species - Evaluation of a reconstructed human epidermis model

Author

Hagvall, L, Munem, M, Hoang Philipsen, M, Dowlatshahi Pour, M, Hedberg, Yolanda S, and Malmberg, P

Subjects
Chemistry, corrosion, RHE, reconstructed human epidermis, EpiDerm, chromium, skin penetration
Abstract

A reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model, the EpiDerm, was investigated and compared to human skin ex vivo regarding tissue penetration and distribution of two chromium species, relevant in both occupational and general exposure in the population. Imaging mass spectrometry was used in analysis of the sectioned tissue. The RHE model gave similar results compared to human skin ex vivo for skin penetration of Cr

Published
2023

28. The impact of annealing on microstructure of cold rolled steel plates detected by eddy current method.

Author

Seyf Pour, M., Falahat, S., Mazinani, M., Kashefi, M., and Ghanei, S.

Subjects
*ROLLED steel, *IRON & steel plates, *MICROSTRUCTURE, *METAL industry, *EDDIES
Abstract

Eddy current (EC) is a non-destructive method, which plays an important role in the quality inspection sector of various metal industries. It has been used for a wide range of inspection purposes, such as detecting cracks and defects, and inspecting the coating quality. The EC method can also be utilised in the material and microstructure characterisation of engineering steels and alloys. In this study, the EC method is used to detect the microstructural changes during the annealing of a cold rolled steel plate. To support the EC findings, the electromagnetic results are compared with the hardness measurements and the microstructure observations. The comparison proves that the EC method is able to separate recovery and recrystallisation stages, and extract useful information from the changes in the microstructure at various recrystallisation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. Ordovician of North Iran: New lithostratigraphy, palaeogeography and biogeographical links with South China and the Mediterranean peri-Gondwana margin

Author

Ghobadi, Pour M., Popov, L.E., Álvaro, J.J., Amini, A., Hairapetian, V., Jahangir, H., Ghobadi, Pour M., Popov, L.E., Álvaro, J.J., Amini, A., Hairapetian, V., and Jahangir, H.

Abstract

The Ordovician litho- and biostratigraphic framework of Alborz, Kopet-Dagh and the East-Central Iranian blocks is outlined and significantly updated, and a broad summary of the current state of knowledge of the Ordovician deposits and faunas across Iran is documented. Four tectono-stratigraphical units (including the Alestan, Damghan, Saluk and Talesh domains) are distinguished in northern Iran. They differ considerably from one another in their lithology, facies, fossil record and completeness of their sedimentary record. A comprehensive revision of the Ordovician stratigraphy in the eastern Alborz and the Kopet-Dagh regions leads to the definition of the (i) Simeh-Kuh Formation (new), (ii) the Qumes Formation (new) and its subdivision into the Gerd-Kuh (new) and Raziabad (new) members, (iii) the Lashkarak Formation and its subdivision into the Cheshmeh-Ali (new) and Hajiabad (new) members, (iv) the Abarsaj Formation (formalised) in the Alestan Domain, (v) the Qyzlar (new) and Pelmis formations in the Saluk Domain, and (vi) the Tatavrud Formation (new) in the Talesh Domain. The Ordovician strata of the eastern Alborz and Kopet-Dagh Mountains comprise a rifting volcanism emplaced within an active horst-and-graben palaeotopography. Despite the strong Ordovician biogeographical affinities with South China and, to a lesser extent, with Mediterranean peri- Gondwana, zircon populations analysed from Cambro-Ordovician sandstones in the area point to the Arabian-Nubian Shield of the western Arabian Peninsula and northeastern Africa as the principal continental sources. Consequently, an open oceanic communication between the Mediterranean and the northern (Alborz) margins of Gondwana and the southern margin of South China favoured the establishment of strong biogeographical affinities between these mid-latitude basins., Golestan University, National Museum of Wales, International Geoscience Programme (IGCP) - UNESCO, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2022

38. Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database

Author

Jucker, T., Fischer, F. J., Chave, J., Coomes, D. A., Caspersen, J., Ali, A., Loubota, Panzou, G. J., Feldpausch, T. R., Falster, D., Usoltsev, V. A., Adu-Bredu, S., Alves, L. F., Aminpour, M., Angoboy, I. B., Anten, N. P. R., Antin, C., Askari, Y., Muñoz, R., Ayyappan, N., Balvanera, P., Banin, L., Barbier, N., Battles, J. J., Beeckman, H., Bocko, Y. E., Bond-Lamberty, B., Bongers, F., Bowers, S., Brade, T., van, Breugel, M., Chantrain, A., Chaudhary, R., Dai, J., Dalponte, M., Dimobe, K., Domec, J. -C., Doucet, J. -L., Duursma, R. A., Enríquez, M., van, Ewijk, K. Y., Farfán-Rios, W., Fayolle, A., Forni, E., Forrester, D. I., Gilani, H., Godlee, J. L., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Haeni, M., Hall, J. S., He, J. -K., Hemp, A., Hernández-Stefanoni, J. L., Higgins, S. I., Holdaway, R. J., Hussain, K., Hutley, L. B., Ichie, T., Iida, Y., Jiang, H. -S., Joshi, P. R., Kaboli, H., Larsary, M. K., Kenzo, T., Kloeppel, B. D., Kohyama, T., Kunwar, S., Kuyah, S., Kvasnica, J., Lin, S., Lines, E. R., Liu, H., Lorimer, C., Loumeto, J. -J., Malhi, Y., Marshall, P. L., Mattsson, E., Matula, R., Meave, J. A., Mensah, S., Mi, X., Momo, S., Moncrieff, G. R., Mora, F., Nissanka, S. P., O'Hara, K. L., Pearce, S., Pelissier, R., Peri, P. L., Ploton, P., Poorter, L., Pour, M. J., Pourbabaei, H., Dupuy-Rada, J. M., Ribeiro, S. C., Ryan, C., Sanaei, A., Sanger, J., Schlund, M., Sellan, G., Shenkin, A., Sonké, B., Sterck, F. J., Svátek, M., Takagi, K., Trugman, A. T., Ullah, F., Vadeboncoeur, M. A., Valipour, A., Vanderwel, M. C., Vovides, A. G., Wang, W., Wang, L. -Q., Wirth, C., Woods, M., Xiang, W., Ximenes, F. D. A., Xu, Y., Yamada, T., Zavala, M. A., Jucker, T., Fischer, F. J., Chave, J., Coomes, D. A., Caspersen, J., Ali, A., Loubota, Panzou, G. J., Feldpausch, T. R., Falster, D., Usoltsev, V. A., Adu-Bredu, S., Alves, L. F., Aminpour, M., Angoboy, I. B., Anten, N. P. R., Antin, C., Askari, Y., Muñoz, R., Ayyappan, N., Balvanera, P., Banin, L., Barbier, N., Battles, J. J., Beeckman, H., Bocko, Y. E., Bond-Lamberty, B., Bongers, F., Bowers, S., Brade, T., van, Breugel, M., Chantrain, A., Chaudhary, R., Dai, J., Dalponte, M., Dimobe, K., Domec, J. -C., Doucet, J. -L., Duursma, R. A., Enríquez, M., van, Ewijk, K. Y., Farfán-Rios, W., Fayolle, A., Forni, E., Forrester, D. I., Gilani, H., Godlee, J. L., Gourlet-Fleury, S., Haeni, M., Hall, J. S., He, J. -K., Hemp, A., Hernández-Stefanoni, J. L., Higgins, S. I., Holdaway, R. J., Hussain, K., Hutley, L. B., Ichie, T., Iida, Y., Jiang, H. -S., Joshi, P. R., Kaboli, H., Larsary, M. K., Kenzo, T., Kloeppel, B. D., Kohyama, T., Kunwar, S., Kuyah, S., Kvasnica, J., Lin, S., Lines, E. R., Liu, H., Lorimer, C., Loumeto, J. -J., Malhi, Y., Marshall, P. L., Mattsson, E., Matula, R., Meave, J. A., Mensah, S., Mi, X., Momo, S., Moncrieff, G. R., Mora, F., Nissanka, S. P., O'Hara, K. L., Pearce, S., Pelissier, R., Peri, P. L., Ploton, P., Poorter, L., Pour, M. J., Pourbabaei, H., Dupuy-Rada, J. M., Ribeiro, S. C., Ryan, C., Sanaei, A., Sanger, J., Schlund, M., Sellan, G., Shenkin, A., Sonké, B., Sterck, F. J., Svátek, M., Takagi, K., Trugman, A. T., Ullah, F., Vadeboncoeur, M. A., Valipour, A., Vanderwel, M. C., Vovides, A. G., Wang, W., Wang, L. -Q., Wirth, C., Woods, M., Xiang, W., Ximenes, F. D. A., Xu, Y., Yamada, T., and Zavala, M. A.

Abstract

Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research—from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non-forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC-BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599. To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology—from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle. © 2022 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Published
2022

39. MusicWorks: Supporting Students' Musical Career Paths Through Technology-Enhanced Authentic Learning

Author

Khosrow-Pour, M, Johnson, C, McAlpine, KB, Merrick, B, Khosrow-Pour, M, Johnson, C, McAlpine, KB, and Merrick, B

Abstract

Musicians work with, and around, various forms of technological media and resources. In today's professional environment, musicians face multifaceted work that may include teaching, performing, marketing, promoting, recording, or composing. The musician as entrepreneurial learner becomes a key focus for authenticity within their learning. Music educators, music professionals, and musicians of all ages need to navigate key career choices along their career paths which can be supported by authentic approaches to learning. This chapter explores how enterprise pedagogy and entrepreneurial pedagogy (i.e., authentic learning experiences) provide opportunities for students to reflect on, and prepare for, the likelihood of multiple jobs and roles in their upcoming career paths. Podcasting as an authentic learning tool is explored through the development of MusicWorks, a podcast series giving voice to the multiple career paths of industry and educational leaders in music.

Published
2022

40. Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative 2022

Author

Pour, M. A. N., Algergawy, A., Buche, P., Castro, L. J., Chen, J., Dong, H., Fallatah, O., Faria, D., Fundulaki, I., Hertling, S., He, Y., Horrocks, I., Huschka, M., Ibanescu, L., Jiménez-Ruiz, E., Karam, N., Laadhar, A., Lambrix, Patrick, Li, H., Li, Y., Michel, F., Nasr, E., Paulheim, H., Pesquita, C., Saveta, T., Shvaiko, P., Trojahn, C., Verhey, C., Wu, M., Yaman, B., Zamazal, O., Zhou, L., Pour, M. A. N., Algergawy, A., Buche, P., Castro, L. J., Chen, J., Dong, H., Fallatah, O., Faria, D., Fundulaki, I., Hertling, S., He, Y., Horrocks, I., Huschka, M., Ibanescu, L., Jiménez-Ruiz, E., Karam, N., Laadhar, A., Lambrix, Patrick, Li, H., Li, Y., Michel, F., Nasr, E., Paulheim, H., Pesquita, C., Saveta, T., Shvaiko, P., Trojahn, C., Verhey, C., Wu, M., Yaman, B., Zamazal, O., and Zhou, L.

Abstract

The Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) aims at comparing ontology matching systems on precisely defined test cases. These test cases can be based on ontologies of different levels of complexity and use different evaluation modalities. The OAEI 2022 campaign offered 14 tracks and was attended by 18 participants. This paper is an overall presentation of that campaign. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

Published
2022

42. Farmers' Trust in Extension Staff and Productivity: An Economic Experiment in Rural Areas of Iran.

Author

Kavakebi, V., Abolhassani, L., Feizi, M., Shahnoushi, N., Pour, M., Viira, A. H., Dogot, T., and Azadi, H.

Subjects
TRUST, AGRICULTURAL extension work, FARM size, TRADITIONAL farming, AGRICULTURAL productivity, AGRICULTURE, RURAL geography
Abstract

Farmers' trust in extension staff may improve the performance of agricultural extension services and productivity through transferred knowledge and new farming practices. Using the trust game and trust questionnaire, this study measured farmers' trust in extension staff. Measures obtained from the two methods were statistically different. We examined the relationship between the measured trust and agricultural productivity to control socio-economic factors. The findings revealed an insignificant relationship between trust and productivity that might be due to inappropriate attributes of extension programs. This emphasizes the need for more participation of farmers in researching and structuring training programs. While age had a negative impact on trust, traditional farmers with high experience showed a high level of trust. This indicates that young farmers who mostly inherited their lands from their parents and have occupations other than farming or practice modern farming, do not trust the extension staff. Farm size positively influences productivity by reducing the number of laborers per hectare. This emphasizes that the traditional way of farming is the cause of low productivity in Iranian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

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