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Les asticots constituent une source alternative de protéines animales pour pallier au problème d’alimentation auquel est confrontée l’aviculture. Cette étude, conduite au Burkina Faso avait pour objectifs de déterminer la date appropriée de récolte des asticots, d’identifier les substrats potentiels de production ainsi que les meilleurs attractifs afin d’optimiser les méthodes de production des larves de mouches domestiques pour une production avicole plus efficace et rentable. A cet effet, trois dates de récolte (4ème, 5ème et 6ème jour après exposition des substrats) ont été testées. Aussi, l’effet de cinq substrats aux états bruts et fermentés et de trois attractifs sur la production des asticots a été évalué. Les résultats ont montré que les récoltes d’asticots effectuées le 4ème jour étaient plus élevées (132,4 g/kg). La fiente de volaille constitue le meilleur substrat brut avec 112 g d’asticots frais/kg de substrat. Le sang frais est le meilleur attractif pour le son de maïs (254,3 g/kg) et le lisier de porc (199,8 g/kg). Les déchets de poisson frais constituent le meilleur attractif pour le contenu du rumen (121,5 g/kg). Les substrats peuvent être facilement améliorés à l’aide des attractifs. L’utilisation de tels résultats permet d’optimiser les méthodes de production d’asticots avec les meilleurs substrats et attractifs tout en récoltant à la bonne date. Maggots are an alternative source of animal protein to solve the feeding problem faced by poultry farming. The objectives of this study, conducted in Burkina Faso, were to determine the appropriate date for maggot harvesting, to identify potential production substrates and the best attractants in order to optimize housefly larvae production methods for more efficient and profitable poultry production. To this end, three harvest dates (4th, 5th and 6th day after exposure of the substrates) were tested. Also, the effect of five substrates in raw and fermented states and three attractants on maggot production was evaluated. The results showed that maggot harvests on day 4 were higher (132.4 g/kg). Poultry droppings were the best raw substrate with 112 g fresh maggots / kg substrate. Fresh blood is the best attractant for corn bran (254.3 g/kg) and pig manure (199.8 g/kg). Fresh fish waste is the best attractant for rumen contents (121.5 g/kg). Substrates can easily be improved with the help of attractants. Using such results, maggot production methods can be optimized with the best substrates and attractants while harvesting at the right time.

Cette étude a été réalisée afin d’appréhender les préférences alimentaires des poulets locaux nourris au choix en présence des asticots séchés, dans le but de promouvoir l’utilisation des larves de la mouche domestique (Musca domestica, L.) comme source de protéine animale dans l’alimentation de la volaille locale. Pour ce faire, un essai a été réalisé durant 6 semaines avec 54 poulets locaux âgés de 18 mois. Ces oiseaux ont été pesés et répartis de façon aléatoire en trois traitements représentant les périodes de la journée pendant lesquelles un test de cafeteria a été conduit (08 h, 12 h et 15 h). Les aliments étaient constitués d’asticots séchés, de grains de maïs concassés et d’un aliment complet ponte, servis dans des mangeoires différentes au même moment. Chaque test de cafeteria durait 30 mn au cours desquelles une observation directe et un film étaient effectués. Les consommations alimentaires individuelles, la proportion de chaque type d’aliment dans la ration et les caractéristiques des œufs ont été déterminés. Les résultats ont montré des consommations moyennes d’asticots séchés de 5,23 ± 2,59 g MS/individu/jour pour les traitements de 12 h, de 4,68 ± 1,81 g MS/individu/jour pour les groupes de 08 h et de 4,60 ± 1,67 g MS/individu/jour pour le traitement de 15 h. Concernant les caractéristiques des œufs, les valeurs numériques du poids moyen, du jaune d’œuf ainsi que la coloration du jaune ont été légèrement supérieures au niveau du traitement de 12 h comparativement aux autres. Cette étude a permis de montrer que les asticots sont appréciés par les poulets et beaucoup plus à midi. De tels résultats, mis à la disposition des aviculteurs, leurs permettront de cibler la période propice pour une complémentation efficiente en protéines et de réduire les charges liées à l’acquisition des intrants protéiques inaccessibles en milieu traditionnel. Traoré et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.45 (2): 7884-7899 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v45-2.2 7885 Influence of dried fly larvae (Musca domestica, L.) on the food intake of local chicken (Gallus domesticus, L.) in Burkina Faso. ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the feeding behaviour of local chickens choice-fed with different feed including dried maggots. The objective is to promote the use of Musca domestica larvae as animal source protein in traditional poultry feeding in Burkina Faso. Feeding experiments were done with 54 local chickens aged 18 months old, over six weeks. The birds were weighed and randomly divided into three treatment groups representing the time of the day the cafeteria trial was conducted. These times were 08 am, 12 noon and 03 pm. The choices offered in the cafeteria trial were dried fly larvae, cracked maize grains and a balanced layers’ diet, given in separated feeders. Each cafeteria test lasted 30 minutes during which direct observation and filming were done. The total individual feed intake, the proportion of each cafeteria feed to the total individual feed intake and egg characteristics were determined. The average dried maggot’s consumption at 12 noon (5.23 ± 2.59 g DM/individual/day) was significantly higher than the amount consumed at 08 am (4.68 ± 1.81 g DM/individual/day) and 03 pm (4.60 ± 1.67 g DM/individual/day) (P < 0.05). No significant difference was seen between treatments concerning egg parameters. However, the numerical values for average egg weight, yolk weight and yolk color were slightly higher in the group tested at 12 noon compared to the other treatments. The study shows that maggots are preferred by the chickens, and seem to be well preferred at noon. These results will allow poultry farmers to target the right time for efficient supplementation using dried fly larvae and contributing to reduce the cost linked to the acquisition of protein inputs that are traditionally inaccessible.

The objective of the present study was to display the state of poultry production in fourth (4) regions (Nouakchott, Hodh El Gharbi, Assaba and Guidimaka) covered by ProLPRAF program at the beginning of the program activities in 2011. Data were collected during surveys with different questionnaires addressed to different actors of the poultry sector. Results from farmers showed that 65.0% were female with average age of 45.3 ± 8.40 years. Production constraints remained the same as those encountered in poultry farming in developing countries. There were no poultry markets in the regions, poultry sellers in Nouakchott were male (100%) with average age of 34.8 ± 5.2 years. Traditional local chicken marketed in the regions came either from Nouakchott region (40%) and others (40%), or imported from neighboring countries (20%). In modern poultry farming, day-old chick was imported from Morocco (85%) or Senegal (15%) as well as production inputs. The price of local chicken ranged from 1385 ± 126 to 2325 ± 275 MU, while broiler chicken was between 1255 ± 60 and 1470 ± 47 MU. Local chicken was for ritual, traditions and practices (75%). Layer’s Eggs were imported from Morocco (55%) or Senegal (45%), and average unit price of one egg was around 43.0 ± 5.0 MU. Poultry meat cooked in the restaurants consisted exclusively of broilers meat (100%). Poultry farming was facing socio-political constraints that limited its development, but the ProLPRAF program has been able to tackle these constraints and the impact of the program is plausible today.

The objectives of the present study were to estimate the nutritional status of scavenging chickens by crop content analysis and to evaluate some locally available feed ingredients under different management regimes for their potential for confined and semi-scavenging growing pullets and laying hens. The first study showed that the physical composition of the crop contents varied between the two locations and two breeds studied, and the proportions also varied according to seasonal agricultural activities. The chemical composition showed a higher metabolizable energy content in the rainy season and the crude protein content (CP < 12 %) in both areas studied did not meet requirements. The second experiment was carried out on-station with crossbred growing chickens either choice-fed maize and cowpea or given them as a complete mixed feed. Average daily gains were lower for the choice-fed treatments, and providing a vitamin-mineral supplement to the scavenging birds had no effect on performance. It was not economically advantageous to supplement maize and cowpea. In the third experiment, imported fishmeal was replaced by a mixture of local cottonseed cake and bran (wheat-maize) in diets for exotic layers kept under different management systems on-station. Egg production performance, feed conversion and gross margin were higher for the cottonseed cake and bran diet for both the confined and semi-scavenging hens. However, very poor egg production performance was seen for the scavenging only group, implying that supplementation is necessary for egg production. The final study showed CP contents of 23.4, 6.70 and 44.3 % of dry matter (DM), respectively, for traditional beer residue, shea-nut cake and cottonseed cake. True excreta digestibility of DM and the most limiting amino acids in the beer residue and cottonseed cake was high (> 90 %), indicating that these by-products are potentially useful protein supplements. However, more studies should be done, particularly with shea-nut cake, on the improvement of palatability, the optimum level of inclusion in the diets, and the nutritional availability for chickens, of these processed feedstuffs.