Search

Two American economic geographers and prominent specialists, respectively, in the energy industries and resources of Russia and related economic developments in China, evaluate and supplement the material presented in the preceding paper on the clean energy dilemma in Asia (Wilbanks, 2008). The paper covers changes in the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth globally as well as in Russia and China, Russian oil and gas exports to Asia (more specifically to China), the development of energy resources and production in China, and energy intensities in both countries. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O13, 053, Q30, Q40. 7 figures, 7 tables, 27 references. Key words: Russia, China, United States, energy resources, energy production, energy consumption, energy intensity, oil, natural gas, coal, environmental degradation, gas emissions, gas pipelines.

With the release of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report earlier this year and the reactions and accolades it has received since--not the least the IPCC's [...]

A study examining the effect of pollution from usage of non-renewable resources on growth models and innovations is presented. The effects of environmental, welfare and tax policies on the usage of the said resources and the growth model are also analyzed.

In this study, we examine four presidents of the twentieth century who had a recognized attachment to the environment--namely, Theodore Roosevelt (the establishment of a national conservation policy), Franklin Roosevelt [...]

This article examines the growing importance and attention given to the development of nuclear power plants as sources of future energy needs. They are desirable because they are clean, economical and do not generate greenhouse gases. They also support a hydrogen fuel-based economy.

A new study analyses the changes taking place in global energy markets and asks if the growing need for a universal energy service can be reconciled with mitigating climate change, focusing on the UK market.

The possible solutions for developing renewable energy in the Pacific Island region from policy perspectives were analyzed. The implementation of national energy policies in favor of renewable energy, development of renewable energy through international aid, and the allotment of sufficient capital resources and technical assistance were believed significant for the enhancement of renewable energy systems.

The research studies the influence of outside air temperature on residential demand for space heating energy. The study examines the non-linearities using parametric and non-parametric methods, based on high-frequency longitudinal data collected from sampled U.K. households. The findings support significant non-linearities across the range of temperatures and hold significance for empirical and theoretical studies of energy demand.

The present R&D approach to new renewable energy sources includes a drawback which could negate their environmental significance. New renewable energies are affected by a technical limitation because of the random intermittent nature of their power generation which hinders them from fully expanding into the electricity market. As a consequence, the contribution which renewable electric energy sources make is just significant in terms of world electricity generation and only marginal in terms of total energy consumption. Thus, in spite of expectations, the practical achievable amount of environmental benefits arising from new renewable energy would not be enough to counteract the environmental crisis. It is known that the intermittence of energy supply can be removed by implementing grid-tied power systems, adding a further stage aimed to chemically store the intermittent solar energy by producing clean synthetic fuels. Until now this chance was considered of little importance, on the contrary, it should become a compulsory solution so that renewable energy can acquire an actual and environmentally consistent significance.

A technological shift away from hydrocarbon-based energy technologies can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Windpower is one of these innovations that represents a more environmentally friendly energy generating activity. Windpower, by itself, cannot replace the carbon economy but there are no obvious technical reasons why a combination of renewables could not form the supply source for 100% of our electrical energy. Changes in technological regime happen within the system of power generation and not within the entire energy system.

The wide variety of renewable energy resources and their highly site-specific and variable nature, coupled with different types and qualities of energy needs, pose a challenging problem to the designers of Integrated Renewable Energy Systems (IRES). This paper discusses some typical design scenarios and the formulation of designs using the knowledge-based design tool IRES-KB with the aid of KAPPA[R]-PC development tools. A remote village with no electrical grid connection is chosen for this study since renewables are most likely to make their greatest impact in such locations. The versatility of IRES-KB is brought out in the discussion of the results. KEYWORDS Integrated Renewable Energy Systems (IRES), IRES Design Scenarios, IRES Design Examples, IRES Design Tradeoffs, Photovoltaic systems, Wind-Electric Conversion Systems, Hybrid Systems, Biogas Usage, Renewable Energy System Design, Stand Alone Energy System Design, Artificial Intelligence Applications, Knowledge Based Design Approach.

The net national emissions concept suggests that nations purchasing carbon dioxide (CO2) permits or paying CO2 taxes should consider the accumulation of carbon in forestry. A dynamic general equilibrium model with productive capital and the stock of forests were used as state variables in devising the correct tax/subsidy program for giving proper incentives to forest owners and wood users. Results show that forest owners in a decentralized economy should be subsidized. In addition, CO2 emissions should be taxed whether they originate from fossil fuels or wood.

Energy use and environmental issues are significant factors in operating AT&T's world-wide facilities and developing products and services. AT&T is reducing energy use to protect the environment and reduce costs. This paper focuses on efforts to ensure adequate power for AT&T facilities from both conventional generating sources and on-site generation, and on using renewable energy sources where possible to power AT&T's products. Due to the increased use of microelectronics and their sensitivity to power fluctuations, both facilities and products are sensitive to power abberations and, thus, require premium power, the combination of highly reliable and environmentally beneficial sources of energy. A team has evolved at AT&T Bell Laboratories to integrate premium power with AT&T's facilities and products. AT&T also is exploring ways of assisting utility companies to better serve their customers.

This paper examines the cost of reducing carbon emissions in New England's power sector. The analysis relies on detailed sectoral studies of costs and resource potentials for demand-side efficiency, cogeneration, renewables, and conventional resource options. Sectoral studies' results were integrated using a production-cost model to estimate the total cost and rate impacts of carbon reduction strategies relative to a business-as-usual forecast. To capture potential uncertainties, the analysis takes into account variations in capital costs, fuel prices, resource utilization levels, and base case retirements of existing power plants. Results show that New England's power sector can freeze carbon emissions at current levels or reduce carbon emissions while simultaneously decreasing customers' total electricity bills., I. INTRODUCTION Growing international concern over the threat of global climate change has led policymakers to propose insuring against this threat by reducing carbon emissions (carbon dioxide) and other greenhouse [...]