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This research affair to synthesize the magnesium alloy (AZ91) hybrid nanocomposites with 0.5wt% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and 2.5, 5, and 7.5wt% of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles through a semisolid stir cast route under argon (inert) nature and its particle distribution enhanced with uniform stir speed of 400rpm as well as the casting defects reduced by using nature of inert. The excellence of semisolid stir processing with SiC exposure on AZ91/TiO2 composite is analyzed with physical, surface morphological and mechanical exploits. Compared to aluminium-based composites, this composite weight is less, with an acceptable level of voids (less than 1.5%). An effort of processing, the microstructure proved their SiC and TiO2 appearance as uniform. The AZ91/0.5wt%TiO2/7.5wt% SiC exploited maximum hardness of (84±0.8HV), impact toughness of (16.3±0.3J/mm2), and excellent strength (251±5MPa) with reduced elongation percentages of (4.5%). This optimum property sample will be planned for automotive roof frame applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption in buildings is a major contributor to India's greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for a significant portion of the country's environmental impact. Consequently, there is a crucial need to prioritize energy-efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning technologies supported by solar thermal collectors to minimize the environmental consequences associated with building energy consumption. In this investigation, a flat-plate collector thermal performance is enhanced by the adaptations of 0.1 volume percentage concentrations of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), nickel (Ni), and combinations of Al2O3–Ni nanoparticles dispersed in water as hybrid nanofluid at 0.028, 0.041, 0.055, and 0.068 kgs−1 flow rates. Influences of nanofluid and flow rate conditions on thermal and exergy efficiency, heat transfer coefficient, entropy generation, and coefficient of performance of FPC are experimentally analyzed and spot that the hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3/Ni/water) own higher thermal and exergy efficiency of 72.8% and 22.9%, better heat transfer coefficient of 133.2 Wm−2 K−1, and high COP of 7.9 under high flow rate. These output results are higher than those of the water-fluid-operated FPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites have great potential in various engineering applications due to their lightweight, bio-degradable, non-toxic, and easy availability. However, natural fibers have low inherent behaviour during the preparation of composite. The present investigation is an attempt to enhance an inherent performance of epoxy hybrid nanocomposite with the inclusion of 30 wt% NaOH treated sisal (Agave sisalana) fiber, varied (5, 10, and 15 wt%) weight percentages of nano silicon carbide (SiC) and blended with 5 wt% graphite particles. Compression mould synthesized epoxy composite samples are subjected to surface morphology, flexural strength, toughness, and abrasion studies. The scanning electron microscope results showed the homogenous particle distribution and composite sample 4 (epoxy/30 wt% sisal fiber/15 wt% SiC/5 wt% Gr) is found to have a superior flexural strength of 73.5±0.5 MPa, high fracture toughness of 1.62 MPa m0.5, enhanced wear resistance (0.023 mg/m), and good frictional coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological growth and biodegradable waste natural fibers are significant choices in polymer matrix composite preparation because of their distinct qualities from monopoly matrix. During the fabrication process, the natural fiber faces poor compatibility and lack of adhesive behavior, resulting in reduced tensile strength and stiffness of the composite. The theme of the research is expanding the mechanical behavior of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composite by the exposure of sodium hydroxide‐treated coir fiber (CF) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) through an injection molding route. Influences of CF and BaTiO3 on metallographic, tensile, flexural, and impact strength and microhardness of LDPE composite are evaluated, and its outcomes are compared with mono LDPE. The surface morphology of the developed composite is exposed to homogenous dispersion of BaTiO3 with effective adhesive bonding with CF, which facilitates superior mechanical properties. The LDPE hybrid composite consists of 30 wt% CF and 2.5 wt% of BaTiO3 and is exploited about 69 ± 1.5 MPa of tensile strength, 54 ± 0.5 MPa of flexural strength, 4.9 ± 0.01 J of impact energy, and 31 ± 1.5HV of microhardness, this is greater than the mono LDPE (unreinforced). The enriched LDPE hybrid composite is suggested for automotive dashboard applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the unique class, the reinforcements play a precious role during the composite fabrication, expanding the specific properties. The novel research intensively enhances the micro-structural and mechanical behaviour of magnesium alloy (AZ63/3 wt% boron nitride) nanocomposite featured 2, 4, and 6 wt% of nano-size silicon carbide (SiC) particles via liquid state vacuum stir cast route. The exposure of SiC and BN on composite density, voids contribution, changes in AZ91D microstructure, impact toughness, hardness, and stress-strain individuality of AZ63 alloy nanocomposite is evaluated with ASTM policy. The composite composed with 3 wt% BN and 6 wt% SiC proved their identity. It showed the lower contribution of voids-free homogenous dispersion particle results in a maximum impact strength of 14.7J/mm2, hardness of 74HV, and superb tensile strength of 247MPa. This optimum behaviour will be recommended for automotive roof frame applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the key benefits of low specific weight, superior toughness, lower moisture absorption, recyclability, and economic concerns, natural fiber-embedded polypropylene composites are the trend for auto bumpers and panel applications during the processing of natural fiber with poly matrix facing the consequences of limited composite performance due to inherent adhesive quality. The aim of the present study is synthesizing polypropylene (PP) composite embedded with high-concentration sodium hydroxide (10% NaOH) processed hemp fiber via compression moulding and its specific behaviour featuring the adaptations of 5wt% Mullite (Al4Si4O10) ceramic particles. Finally, the synthesized polypropylene composite is accomplished with 5, 10, 15, and 20wt% of chemically processed hemp fiber featured by constant wt% of Al4Si4O10. For understanding composite structure, the synthesized composites are involved in phase identification analysis via X-ray diffraction route, and their physical behaviour, including tensile, impact, & flexural strength and thermal behaviour, is evaluated by The American Society for Testing and Materials policy. XRD analysis confirms NaOH-treated HF/Al4Si4O10 presence in the PP matrix. The PP/20wt% NaOH-treated hemp fiber/5wt% Al4Si4O10 has excellent tensile (46 ± 1.2 MPa), impact (15 ± 0.5 kJ/m2) & flexural strength (67 ± 1.5 MPa), and better thermal stability with 15% of reduced thermal loss, This is a significant improvement compared to unreinforced PP. The optimum behaviour of PP/20wt% NaOH-treated hemp fiber/5wt% Al4Si4O10 recommended for automotive applications (seat frame and top roof). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two 16S rRNA gene clone libraries (KF and KS) were constructed using two soil samples (K7s and K8s) collected near Kafni Glacier, Himalayas. The two libraries yielded a total of 648 clones. Phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetae, Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia were common to the two libraries. Phyla Acidobacteria, Chlamydiae and Nitrospirae were present only in KF library, whereas Lentisphaerae and TM7 were detected only in KS. In the two libraries, clones belonging to phyla Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the most predominant. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that KF and KS were different and arsenic content influenced the differences in the percentage of OTUs. PCA indicated that high water content in the K8s sample results in high total bacterial count. PCA also indicated that bacterial diversity of KF and KS was similar to soils from the Pindari Glacier, Himalayas; Samoylov Island, Siberia; Schrimacher Oasis, Antarctica and Siberian tundra. The eleven bacterial strains isolated from the above two soil samples were phylogenetically related to six different genera. All the isolates were psychro-, halo- and alkalitolerant. Amylase, lipase and urease activities were detected in the majority of the strains. Long chain, saturated, unsaturated and branched fatty acids were predominant in the psychrotolerant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three 16S rRNA gene clone libraries (P1L, P4L and P8L) were constructed using three soil samples (P1S, P4S and P8S) collected near Pindari glacier, Himalayas. The three libraries yielded a total of 703 clones. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were common to the three libraries. In addition to the above P1L and P8L shared the phyla Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Planctomycetes. Phyla Chlamydiae, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Dictyoglomi, Fibrobacteres, Nitrospirae, Verrucomicrobia, candidate division SPAM and candidate TM7s TM7a phylum were present only in P1L. Rarefaction analysis indicated that the bacterial diversity in P4S and P8S soil samples was representative of the sample. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that P1S and P8S were different from P4S soil sample. PCA also indicated that arsenic content, pH, Cr and altitude influence the observed differences in the percentage of specific OTUs in the three 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. The observed bacterial diversity was similar to that observed for other Himalayan and non-polar cold habitats. A total of 40 strains of bacteria were isolated from the above three soil samples and based on the morphology 20 bacterial strains were selected for further characterization. The 20 bacteria belonged to 12 different genera. All the isolates were psychro-, halo- and alkalitolerant. Amylase and urease activities were detected in majority of the strains but lipase and protease activities were not detected. Long chain, saturated, unsaturated and branched fatty acids were predominant in the psychrotolerant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]