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Edge detection is an essential computer vision phenomenon that is useful for contour detection and in turn it is useful for acquiring vital information. There are a variety of images, including medical, satellite, industrial and general-purpose images. An X-ray is a form of medical imaging that is created by transmitting electronic radiation into a patient's body to get an image of the human body's internal structures. This allows orthopedic surgeons and radiologists to make more accurate diagnoses of illness. Due to its versatility, soft computing approaches are regarded as effective edge detection tools. This study provides a novel fuzzy logic-based technique for edge detection in which the quality of edges is governed by a sharpening-guided filter. The proposed model holds four different patterns for extracting the edges from an image namely 2 × 2 mask, 3 × 2 mask, 2 × 3 mask and 3 × 3 mask. These patterns of masks target the edge pixels of an image along with the other pixels. The proposed model provides an enhanced approach for detecting edges in X-ray pictures of humans. Various statistical measurements are used to evaluate the proposed model to prove its significance. By adjusting the smoothing parameters appropriately, it has been discovered that the detected edges are significantly enhanced. The proposed model is implemented and evaluated under four different metrics namely Correlation Coefficient, Figure of Merit, Structure Similarity Image Metrics and Euclidian Distance. The proposed model results are compared five different state-of-the-art algorithms to prove the significance, and the result shows that the proposed model identifies the edge in a well-structured manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) in artificial neural networks (ANN) is one among the trained neural models which can hold several layers as a hidden layer for intensive training to obtain optimal results. On the other hand, the classification problem has a high level of attraction towards researchers to increase the accuracy in classification. In ANN, feedforward neural network (FNN) is one model that possesses the art of solving classification and regression problems. When input data is given to FNN, it will apply the sum of product rule and the activation function to map the input with its appropriate output. In the sum of product rule, a term called weights is to be chosen appropriately to map between the input and output. In standard FNN, the weights are chosen in a random way which may lead to slower convergence towards the optimal choice of weight values. In this paper, an effective optimization model is proposed to optimize the weights of MLP of FNN for effective classification problems. Four different datasets were chosen, and the results are interpreted with statistical performance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]