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The aim of the study was to review and determine whether guided endodontic treatment or conventional technique is a better treatment alternative for patients with calcific metamorphosis. The review was done according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases were searched from 2000 to December 2022 for studies reporting the treatment of calcific metamorphosis through guided endodontic treatment or conventional technique. Quality assessment of the included was evaluated using the critical checklist put forward by the Joanna Briggs Institute for case reports, while for the included in vitro studies, the critical checklist put forward by the Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used. Results were plotted through pooled forest plots and publication bias was explored through funnel plots using RevMan (Review manager) 5.3 version. Summary statistic measure in the form of standardized mean difference (SDM) was used. Five studies were included in qualitative synthesis and three studies for quantitative synthesis. The pooled estimate (SMD) of −0.97 (−1.83–0.10) favors guided endodontic treatment employing a random effect model with an I 2 (heterogeneity) value of 83% and a P = 0.03. Publication bias showed symmetric distribution with a systematic heterogeneity. These procedures and techniques are highly promising with better results. Treatments of a minimally invasive nature can be performed, with a reduction in chairside time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of dentinal crack formation after root canal preparation using ProTaper Next, OneShape and Hyflex electrodischarge machining (HEDM). Materials and Methods: A total of 75 extracted mandibular premolars were selected. The root canals were instrumented using ProTaper Next, OneShape and HEDM rotary files. All roots were horizontally sectioned at 3, 6 and 9 mm from apex with slow-speed saw under water cooling. The sections were observed under a stereomicroscope at x25 to determine the absence or presence of crack. Data were analyzed using post hoc test and one-way ANOVA. Results: ProTaper Next and HEDM produced significantly less cracks than OneShape. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that nickel-titanium instruments may cause cracks on the root surface. ProTaper Next and HEDM tend to produce less number of cracks as compared to OneShape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sodium hypochlorite, is the irrigant of choice for many clinicians, but its strong toxic and damaging effects on vital periapical tissues is always a matter of concern. So, the search for a root canal irrigant with a broad antimicrobial spectrum yet with a limited toxicity on vital tissues is always desirable. Aim: The study evaluated antimicrobial efficacy of Electro- Chemically Activated (ECA) water as a root canal irrigant against E. faecalis. Materials and Methods: Forty eight single rooted human teeth were decoronated to a length of 15mm. All teeth were divided into four test groups (group A - ECA anolyte, group B - 1% sodium hypochlorite, group C - 3% sodium hypochlorite, group D - distilled water) of 12 each. Only 1ml of Ringer's solution and calibrated suspensio of E. faecalis was injected into each canal, aspirated and placed on agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37°C for two days. The suspension was aspirated and spread onto the blood agar plate and incubated. All samples were irrigated with four test solutions and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) solution was injected into each canal then aspirated and spread onto blood agar and incubated. After inoculations Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and optical density was measured under a microscope and spectrophotometer. The data obtained were statistically analysed by one way ANOVA and Dunkan's multiple range test. Results: CFU reduction was not statistically significant between the test groups. The optical density showed statistically significant difference between the test groups (p≤0.001). Conclusion: The antimicrobial efficacy of ECA was found to be comparable to sodium hypochlorite solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aim of the study was to evaluate sealing ability of five different root end filling materials by dye penetration method. Materials and Methods: About 100 extracted maxillary central incisors were sectioned at Cementoenamel junction. Access cavities were prepared, instrumented chemo-mechanically, and obturated with laterally condensed gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. Access cavities were sealed with composite resin. After 3 mm of root resection a 3 mm deep root-end cavity was prepared in each tooth. The teeth were retrofilled with glass ionomer cement (GIC), super-ethoxy benzonic acid (EBA), gray-mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), white-MTA and biodentine. Three coats of nail varnish were then applied to the whole surface of total length of each root except tip of the root where retrograde filling was applied. All roots were stored in 1% solution of methylene blue for 72 h; after which roots were rinsed under tap water. The teeth were sectioned buccolingually, depth of dye penetration was evaluated under stereomicroscope. Results: The overall results showed no statistically significant difference between two types of MTA and biodentine, but all the three materials are superior to GIC, super-EBA. Conclusion: Both forms of MTA, biodentine provide a better seal than GIC, super-EBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present in vitro experimental study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), diclofenac, and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) against the microorganism Enterococcus faecalis., Materials and Methods: Three medicaments were selected for the study, TAP, diclofenac, and PPI. The experimental groups for the test were as follows: Part 1 - Group 1: TAP, Group 2: diclofenac, and Group 3: PPI; Part 2 - Group 1: TAP + PPI and Group 2: diclofenac + PPI. An agar well diffusion test was used to determine the efficacy of the experimental medicaments against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). The diameter of inhibition zones was measured in millimeters using an inhibition zone measuring scale and the results were recorded., Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis was done using an analysis of variance and an unpaired t -test. P value was set at < 0.05., Results: There was a significant difference in the diameter of growth inhibition zones, with the greatest diameter noted for TAP + PPI followed by diclofenac sodium (DS) + PPI, TAP, DS, and PPI., Conclusions: The antimicrobial effectiveness of TAP + PPI was found to be superior to all other medicaments (DS + PPI, TAP, DS, and PPI)., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Conservative Dentistry.)

Plasma is regularly alluded to as the fourth form of matter. Its bounty presence in nature along with its potential antibacterial properties has made it a widely utilized disinfectant in clinical sciences. Thermal plasma and non-thermal (or cold atmospheric) plasma (NTP) are two types of plasma. Atoms and heavy particles are both available at the same temperature in thermal plasma. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is intended to be non-thermal since its electrons are hotter than the heavier particles at ambient temperature. Direct barrier discharge (DBD), atmospheric plasma pressure jet (APPJ), etc. methods can be used to produce plasma, however, all follow a basic concept in their generation. This review focuses on the anticipated uses of cold atmospheric plasma in dentistry, such as its effectiveness in sterilizing dental instruments by eradicating bacteria, its advantage in dental cavity decontamination over conventional methods, root canal disinfection, its effects on tooth whitening, the benefits of plasma treatment on the success of dental implant placement, and so forth. Moreover, the limitations and probable solutions has also been anticipated. These conceivable outcomes thus have proclaimed the improvement of more up-to-date gadgets, for example, the plasma needle and plasma pen, which are efficient in treating the small areas like root canal bleaching, biofilm disruption, requiring treatment in dentistry., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2021 The Authors.)

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of preheated irrigants (EDTA, QMix), then use of various activation techniques such as ultrasonic system and laser on push-out bond strength (POBS) of fiber posts to root dentin., Methodology: One hundred and twenty extracted human teeth were decoronated below the cementoenamel junction. All the root canals were instrumented, irrigated using sodium hypochlorite and normal saline, dried with paper points, and filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. Post spaces were prepared. The irrigating solutions QMix and EDTA were heated to 60°C. Normal QMix and EDTA served as control. The irrigants were activated with Laser and Ultrasonic system. Then, the fiber posts were cemented, roots were sliced to thickness of 2 mm and mounted for measurement of POBS., Results: Preheated irrigants group showed maximum POBS as compared to Normal irrigants. QMix group showed better results as compared to EDTA. Irrigants when activated with laser and ultrasonics showed comparable results., Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that preheated irrigants(QMix, EDTA) increase the POBS of fiber post to root dentin. Both laser and ultrasonic are equally effective for increasing the POBS., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Conservative Dentistry.)

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of different intracanal medicaments on the apical seal of BioRoot root canal sealer (RCS)., Materials and Methods: One hundred permanent single-rooted teeth were used in this study. All the samples were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and instrumented in a sequential order from 15 to 50 number k-file. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups containing 20 teeth each. Intracanal medicaments used in this study were Metapex, triple antibiotic paste, Metrogyl DG gel forte (metronidazole gel 1.5% w/w), and curenext gel. For control group following instrumentation, the roots were obturated with laterally compacted gutta-percha with BioRoot RCS. In medicament groups after the period of 14 days, the medicaments were removed. All the four groups were obturated with BioRoot RCS and gutta-percha cones using lateral compaction technique. All the specimens were coated with nail varnish and immersed in 2% methylene blue. Then the specimens were demineralized and diphanized. The cleared teeth were analyzed by means of a stereomicroscope under 10× magnification. All the data were analyzed in SPSS version 18 software (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA)., Result: Among all the intracanal medicaments, triple antibiotic paste showed the highest microleakage. When Metpaex and Metrogyl DG gel forte were compared with Curcuma longa , differences were not statistically significant., Conclusion: Among all the intracanal medicaments, triple antibiotic paste showed the highest microleakage and least was Metapex., Clinical Significance: Incomplete removal of medicaments prevents the penetration of sealer into the dentinal tubules and interferes with the normal setting reaction, thus affecting the seal of obturating material leading to microleakage and subsequent treatment failure. Hence, while placing an intracanal medicament, it is important to consider its effect on leakage of the root canal system.