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Background: The World Health Organization has called for addressing the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by promoting healthy lifestyles among the population. Regarding patient health, primary care professionals (PCPs) are the first line of care who can positively influence patients’ behavior and lifestyle habits. However, a significant percentage of PCPs do not lead a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, addressing their health behaviors may be the key to substantially increasing health promotion advice in general practice. The Mediterranean diet has been extensively studied, and there is strong evidence of it being a dietary pattern for the prevention of NCDs, in addition to its significant environmental, sociocultural, and local economics benefits. Objective: This study focused only on the dietary aspect of the PCPs’lifestyle. The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of using the Electronic 12-Hour Dietary Recall (e-12HR) smartphone app to improve diet, specifically to promote adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD), among PCPs. The secondary objectives were to establish the usability of the e-12HR app and to determine AMD among PCPs. Methods: An individual-level randomized, controlled, and single-blind clinical trial was conducted with 2 parallel groups: a control group (CG), using the nonfeedback version of the e-12HR app, and an intervention group (IG), using the feedback version of the e-12HR app. The level of human involvement was fully automated through the use of the app. There was a 28-day follow-up period. Participants were PCPs (medicine or nursing) recruited offline at one of the selected primary care centers (Andalusia, Spain, Southern Europe), of both sexes, over 18 years old, possessing a smartphone, and having smartphone literacy. Results: The study response rate was 73% (71 of 97 PCPs), with 27 (38%) women and 44 (62%) men: 40 (56%) PCPs in the CG and 31 (44%) in the IG. At baseline, AMD was medium (mean Mediterranean Diet Serv

Background: Fatigue is the most common symptom in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID, impacting patients’ quality of life; however, there is currently a lack of evidence-based context-aware tools for fatigue self-management in these populations. Objective: This study aimed to (1) address fatigue in ME/CFS and long COVID through the development of digital mobile health solutions for self-management, (2) predict perceived fatigue severity using real-time data, and (3) assess the feasibility and potential benefits of personalized digital mobile health solutions. Methods: The MyFatigue project adopts a patient-centered approach within the participatory health informatics domain. Patient representatives will be actively involved in decision-making processes. This study combines inductive and deductive research approaches, using qualitative studies to generate new knowledge and quantitative methods to test hypotheses regarding the relationship between factors like physical activity, sleep behaviors, and perceived fatigue in ME/CFS and long COVID. Co-design methods will be used to develop a personalized digital solution for fatigue self-management based on the generated knowledge. Finally, a pilot study will evaluate the feasibility, acceptance, and potential benefits of the digital health solution. Results: The MyFatigue project opened to enrollment in November 2023. Initial results are expected to be published by the end of 2024. Conclusions: This study protocol holds the potential to expand understanding, create personalized self-management approaches, engage stakeholders, and ultimately improve the well-being of individuals with ME/CFS and long COVID.

Anaemia is a common issue in patients who are admitted to intensive care units and worsens their condition throughout the stay due to the extraction of blood for diagnostic purposes. It is also well-known that an important amount of the carbon dioxide produced by health services is likely attributable to blood donation, testing and manufacture, storage or distribution of blood components. This must be taken into account to perform nursing interventions consistent with the idea of sustainable health care. In this regard, within patient blood management bundles, with the objective of minimizing the use of blood products, it is recommended to use blood-sparing techniques: small volume tubes (SVT) or closed-blood sampling devices (CBSD). Published studies before 2014 (excepting two more recent ones) have shown that by themselves, both techniques reduce drawn volume but do not decrease haemoglobin reduction and/or need of transfusion. Given the lack of cost-effectiveness studies, it may be easier to implement the use of CBSD as it does not require prior consensus on the discard volume or adaptations in the processing of laboratory tests, as is the case with SVT.

La dieta mediterránea se ha estudiado ampliamente y ha demostrado una asociación consistente con numerosos beneficios para la salud. Entre otras, algunas de las ventajas incluyen la reducción del riesgo de diferentes enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Además, la dieta mediterránea es sostenible y asequible, lo que la hace potencialmente accesible para muchas personas. Sin embargo, a pesar de los beneficios para la salud y de la accesibilidad de la dieta mediterránea, muchas personas tienen dificultades para seguirla. Una solución potencial para el fomento de la dieta mediterránea es el uso de aplicaciones móviles. En esta tesis doctoral, se ha valorado la doble funcionalidad de la aplicación para Smartphone denominada e12HR: por un lado, como herramienta de determinación de la dieta habitual; y, por otro, como instrumento para mejorar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Considerando el doble objetivo de esta tesis doctoral, en primer lugar, la aplicación e12HR se ha utilizado para determinar la dieta de profesionales sanitarios de urgencias hospitalarias en una situación crítica: en la segunda y tercera olas de COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel. En esta situación crítica la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en esta población fue baja, en especial entre los médicos de urgencias hospitalarias. Las aplicaciones móviles pueden ayudar a las personas a planificar comidas, hacer un seguimiento de su consumo de alimentos y recibir consejos personalizados para mejorar su dieta. Además, las aplicaciones móviles pueden ayudar a las personas a mantenerse motivadas y comprometidas con su alimentación. Por ello, en segundo lugar, se ha utilizado la aplicación e12HR para el fomento de la dieta mediterránea, valorado la contribución de esta aplicación para la mejora de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en dos muestras distintas: estudiantes universitarios (principalmente estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud) y profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria. Los pro

Public health subject is a compulsory subject in the pharmacy degree. This subject has recently been modified from being taught in the fourth year of the degree to being taught in the second year. Within the teachings encompassed by the subject of public health, the implementation of health campaigns (HC) is of great importance for pharmacists. However, the methodological approach to learning HC was only taught theoretically. Our objective is to propose a new methodology for the design of HC using a problem-based learning approach. We have previously analyzed the feasibility of the project through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT)., La asignatura de salud pública es una asignatura obligatoria en el grado de farmacia. Esta asignatura ha sido modificada recientemente de curso, pasando de cuarto curso del grado a segundo curso. Dentro de las enseñanzas que engloba la asignatura de salud pública son la realización de campañas de salud (CDS), en las que los farmacéuticos son de gran importancia. Sin embargo, el abordaje metodológico de aprendizaje de CDS solo se impartía de manera teórica. Nuestro objetivo es proponer una nueva metodología para el diseño de CDS utilizando una metodología de aprendizaje basado en problemas. Hemos analizado la viabilidad del proyecto previamente a través de un análisis de fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas (DAFO).

There is an urgent need to implement intervention programs to promote adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD) in university students to prevent non-communicable diseases. A powerful tool for this is smartphone apps. Furthermore, it is necessary to determine the subgroups that are most likely to benefit from these technologies. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of an app (e-12HR) at improving AMD in a sample of Spanish university students and different strata. The study method was a controlled and randomized clinical trial over a four-week follow-up period and involving 385 participants (76.9% women). The participants were in two parallel groups: the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG), with only the IG receiving feedback to improve their AMD. There were significant statistical improvements (with higher values in the IG) at week four, after no significant statistical differences at baseline (Week One): in the whole sample: +25.7% AMD index and +74.5% percentage with moderate/high AMD index. In the subgroups, seven of eight subgroups, ranging in AMD index from +17.8% (≥20 years) to +33.0% (<20 years); and for males, in weeks two (+27.9%) and three (+23.9%), but not at week four. In conclusion, e-12HR could improve AMD among university students (in the total sample and all subgroups, except ≥25 kg/m2).

La asignatura de salud pública es una asignatura obligatoria en el grado de farmacia. Esta asignatura ha sido modificada recientemente de curso, pasando de cuarto curso del grado a segundo curso. Dentro de las enseñanzas que engloba la asignatura de salud pública son la realización de campañas de salud (CDS), en las que los farmacéuticos son de gran importancia. Sin embargo, el abordaje metodológico de aprendizaje de CDS solo se impartía de manera teórica. Nuestro objetivo es proponer una nueva metodología para el diseño de CDS utilizando una metodología de aprendizaje basado en problemas. Hemos analizado la viabilidad del proyecto previamente a través de un análisis de fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas (DAFO)., Public health subject is a compulsory subject in the pharmacy degree. This subject has recently been modified from being taught in the fourth year of the degree to being taught in the second year. Within the teachings encompassed by the subject of public health, the implementation of health campaigns (HC) is of great importance for pharmacists. However, the methodological approach to learning HC was only taught theoretically. Our objective is to propose a new methodology for the design of HC using a problem-based learning approach. We have previously analyzed the feasibility of the project through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT).

Background: Cardiac surgery is a complex and invasive procedure that often requires blood transfusions to replace the blood lost during surgery. Blood products are a scarce and expensive resource. Therefore, it is essential to develop a standardized approach to determine the need for blood transfusions in cardiac surgery. The main objective of our study is to develop a simple prediction model for determining the risk of red blood cell transfusion in cardiac surgery. Methods: Retrospective cohorts of adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2017 and 2019 were studied to identify hypothetical predictors of blood transfusion. Finally, a multivariable logistic regression model was developed to predict the risk of transfusion in cardiac surgery using the AUC and the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: We included 1234 patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Of the entire cohort, 875 patients underwent a cardiac procedure 69.4% [CI 95% (66.8%; 72.0%)]; 119 patients 9.6% [CI 95% (8.1%; 11.4%)] underwent a combined procedure, and 258 patients 20.9% [CI 95% (18.7; 23.2)] underwent other cardiac procedures. The median perioperative hemoglobin was 13.0 mg/dL IQR (11.7; 14.2). The factors associated with the risk of transfusion were age > 60 years OR 1.37 CI 95% (1.02; 1.83); sex female OR 1.67 CI 95% (1.24; 2.24); BMI > 30 OR 1.46 (1.10; 1.93); perioperative hemoglobin < 14 OR 2.11 to 51.41 and combined surgery OR 3.97 CI 95% (2.19; 7.17). The final model shows an AUC of 80.9% for the transfusion risk prediction [IC 95% (78.5–83.3%)]; p < 0.001]. Conclusions: We have developed a model with good discriminatory ability, which is more parsimonious and efficient than other models.