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The lower lignin content in plants species with energy potential results in easier cellulose breakdown, making glucose available for ethanol generation. However, higher lignin levels can increase resistance to insect attack. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of a bmr-6 biomass sorghum (a mutant genotype with a lower concentration of lignin) to important pests of energy sorghum, Diatraea saccharalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Experiments were performed in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate the development of these pests on the biomass sorghum bmr hybrids BR007, BR008, and TX635 and their respective conventional near-isogenic genotypes (without the bmr gene). The lignin content was higher in non-bmr hybrids, but the evaluated insect variables varied between treatments, not being consistent in just one hybrid or because it is bmr or not. The lowest survival of S. frugiperda was observed in the BR008 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr. The S. frugiperda injury scores on plants in the greenhouse were high (>7) in all treatments. For D. saccharalis, there was no difference in larval survival in the laboratory, but in the greenhouse, the BR007 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr, provided greater survival. Due the need to diversify the energy matrix and the fact that greater susceptibility of the bmr hybrids to either pests was not found in this study, these results hold promise for cultivation of these biomass sorghum hybrids for the production of biofuels. Resumo O menor teor de lignina em espécies de plantas com potencial energético resulta na maior facilidade de quebra da celulose, disponibilizando glicose para geração de etanol. Porém, maiores teores de lignina representa um fator de resistência ao ataque de insetos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar como importantes pragas do sorgo energia, Diatraea saccharalis e Spodoptera frugiperda, se comportam quanto à alimentação e desempenho em sorgo bmr-6, um genótipo mutante com menor concentração de lignina. Foram realizados experimentos em laboratório e casa de vegetação, avaliando o desenvolvimento destas pragas nos híbridos de sorgo biomassa bmr 007, 008, TX635 e seus respectivos genótipos isogênicos convencionais (sem o gene bmr). O teor de lignina foi maior nos híbridos não bmr, mas nos parâmetros avaliados nos insetos, houve variação entre os tratamentos, não sendo consistente em apenas um híbrido e nem por ser ou não bmr. A menor sobrevivência de S. frugiperda foi verificada no híbrido BR008 tanto bmr quanto não bmr. As notas de injúria por S. frugiperda no sorgo em casa de vegetação foram altas (>7) em todos os tratamentos. Para D. saccharalis, não houve diferença significativa para a sobrevivência larval em laboratório, mas em casa de vegetação o híbrido BR007 tanto bmr quanto não bmr proporcionaram maior sobrevivência. Diante da necessidade de diversificar a matriz energética e o fato de que não foi comprovada neste estudo maior suscetibilidade dos híbridos bmr a ambas as pragas, estes resultados são promissores para o cultivo desses híbridos de sorgo biomassa para produção de biocombustíveis.

A andirobeira, Carapa guianensis Aublet, é uma árvore de expressiva importância socioeconômica, especialmente para as comunidades extrativistas na região Norte do Brasil, as quais exploram a madeira e, principalmente, o óleo extraído das sementes. Em janeiro de 2016, foi observado um intenso desfolhamento em andirobeiras localizadas no município de Rio Branco, Acre, causado por lagartas de lepidópteros. Vinte espécimes em fase de pupa foram coletados e acondicionados em gaiola telada, visando a obtenção de adultos. Emergiram cinco mariposas fêmeas, as quais foram identificadas como Acharia sp. (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). Ademais, também foram capturadas duas espécies de parasitoides, identificadas como Baryceros sibine (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) e Conura sibinecola (Blanchard) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Assim, se faz o primeiro registro de Acharia sp. em andirobeira no estado do Acre, bem como os primeiros registros das duas espécies de parasitoides associados a Acharia no estado do Acre, bem como no Brasil. The crabwood tree, Carapa guianensis Aublet, is a tree of significant socioeconomic importance especially for extractive communities in the North of Brazil, which exploit wood and, mainly, oil extracted from seeds. In January 2016, intense defoliation was observed in crabwood trees located in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil, caused by lepidopteran caterpillars. Twenty pupa specimens were collected and placed in a screened cage to obtain adults. Five female moths emerged, which were identified as Acharia sp. (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). In addition, two species of parasitoids were also captured, identified as Baryceros sibine (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Conura sibinecola (Blanchard) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). Thus, the first record of Acharia sp. in crabwood tree in the state of Acre, as well as the first records of the two species of parasitoids associated with Acharia in the state of Acre, as well as in Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-23T20:05:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27367.pdf: 799980 bytes, checksum: 46b270936963938345fbc5d72ed3dae6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Dentre os insetos-praga associados à seringueira no Brasil, o tingídeo Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae) se destaca como uma das mais importantes, especialmente nas regiões Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Adultos e ninfas sugam a seiva nas folhas das plantas infestadas e, dependendo do nível populacional da praga, podem ocasionar perdas de até 30% na produção de látex. Este estudo objetivou verificar a infestação de ninfas e adultos de L. heveae, em oito clones de seringueiras (GT1, PB 235, PB 217, RRIM 600, RRIM 527, PR 228, PR 255 e IAN 873), no município de Itiquira, MT. No período de julho de 2003 a dezembro de 2005, semanalmente eram vistoriadas três folhas maduras, no terço inferior da copa de quatro árvores por clone, contabilizando o número de ninfas e adultos nas mesmas. Pelos resultados obtidos neste estudo conclui-se que: 1. Há diferenças no ataque de ninfas e adultos de L. heveae nos diferentes clones e entre os anos; 2. Os clones e PR 228 e PB 235 são os mais suscetíveis ao ataque de L. heveae nas condições edafoclimáticas da região, quando comparados aos demais; 3. O nível populacional de ninfas e adultos de L. heveae atinge seus picos entre os meses de setembro a outubro. Among the insect-pests associated with rubber trees in Brazil, the tingid Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae) stands out as one of the most important, especially in the Center-West and Southeast regions of Brazil. Adults and nymphs suck the sap from the leaves of infested plants and, depending on the pest population level, can cause losses of up to 30% in latex production. This study aimed to verify the infestation of nymphs and adults of L. heveae, in eight rubber trees clones (GT1, PB 235, PB 217, RRIM 600, RRIM 527, PR 228, PR 255, and IAN 873), in the municipality of Itiquira, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. From July 2003 to December 2005, three mature leaves were inspected weekly, in the lower third of the canopy of four trees per clone, counting the number of nymphs and adults in them. From the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that: 1. There are differences in the attack of nymphs and adults of L. heveae in different clones and between years; 2. The clones PR 228 and PB 235 are the most susceptible to the attack of L. heveae in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region, when compared to the others; 3. The population level of nymphs and adults of L. heveae reaches its peak between the months of September to October. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-15T17:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27360.pdf: 186254 bytes, checksum: 958cc8d47a3867d8220bb142c0085a4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Chysodeixis includens (Walker) is a polyphagous economic pest in agricultural landscapes. To detect the occurrence of this pest in the field, trapping using sex pheromone lures is often implemented. However, other plusiine species are cross-attracted to these lures and may be misidentified as C. includens due to their morphological similarities. The objectives of this study were to provide region-specific information on the abundance of C. includens throughout the year as well as document the occurrence of related plusiines crossattracted to C. includens sex pheromone traps in the Florida Panhandle. Twelve commercial fields of peanut and twelve commercial fields of cotton located across Escambia, Santa Rosa, and Jackson counties were monitored with Trécé delta traps baited with C. includens sex pheromone lures (Alpha Scents, Inc.; West Linn, OR) from June 2017 to June 2019. There was no difference in C. includens flight across dryland or irrigated fields. Identifications revealed that in addition to C. includens, the following species of the subfamily Plusiinae were crossed-attracted: Argyrogramma verruca (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Ctenoplusia oxygramma (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Rachiplusia ou (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The occurrence of each species in the region and their flight phenology are documented. Chysodeixis includens abundance was greatest in September and decreased through December. Due to the high abundance of C. oxygramma and similar flight phenology to C. includens, this is the likeliest species to skew estimations and influence management decisions of C. includens, especially early in the crop season, when C. includens abundance is low. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-24T05:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre-Seasonal-flight-patterns.pdf: 30387592 bytes, checksum: 403e5b227747fa7fc1a3e4cad2be3161 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

O cupuaçuzeiro é uma planta com expressiva importância socioeconômica na região Amazônica e, dentre os fatores limitantes para seu cultivo estão os problemas fitossanitários. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho é reportar a infestação de coleópteros da família Buprestidae em plantio comercial de cupuaçuzeiro, localizado no distrito de Nova Califórnia, RO. Os sintomas de plantas infestadas são desfolha (parcial ou total), ramos ressecados e presença de serragem na base do colo. Faz-se o primeiro registro de buprestídeos infestando plantio comercial de cupuaçuzeiro no estado de Rondônia, bem como evidencia-se o potencial danoso deste inseto-praga, o qual pode levar a planta à morte. The cupuassu is a plant with significant socioeconomic importance in the Amazon region and, among the limiting factors for its cultivation are the phytosanitary problems. In this sense, the aim of this work is to report the infestation of the Buprestidae family coleopterans in a commercial cupuassu tree plantation, located in the district of Nova Califórnia, Rondônia state, Brazil. The symptoms of infested plants are defoliation (partial or total), dry branches and the presence of sawdust at the base of the trunk. The first record of buprestids infesting commercial cupuassu tree planting in the state of Rondônia is made, as well as the harmful potential of this insect pest, which can lead the plant to death, is evidenced. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-28T19:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27202.pdf: 359574 bytes, checksum: c5af64bac43084f58e6de235be6a62df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The aim of this work was to prospect termite species associated with the degradation of 463 amazon specimens (5 x 5 x 50 cm) without chemical treatment, from 36 forest species in a decay field, located at Embrapa Acre, municipality of Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil (10º01’30.7”S; 67º42’23.6”W). This work focuses on Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen), the main species found and present in 91.6% of the species present in the decay field. The specimens (piles) were arranged in lines, with spacing of 2.5 m between lines and 1.0 m between piles, erected in the soil at a depth of 25 cm. The study was carried out in the period from August 2015 to November 2017 in quarterly evaluations. From visualization of termites in the specimens (aerial and underground parts), they were collected, preserved in alcohol (80%) and identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Only the specimens of Canelão (Aniba canelilla (Kunth) Mez.), Freijó (Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud.), and Imbiridiba-amarela (Terminalia amazonica (J. F. Gmel.) Exell) did not show infestation by H. tenuis. Proportionally by number of cuttings, Cedro-rosa (Cedrela odorata L.), and Angelim-da-mata (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke) were the wood species most and least attacked by H. tenuis, respectively., O objetivo deste trabalho é reportar a principal espécie de térmita associadas à deterioração de espécies madeireiras, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Rio Branco, AC. Foi instalado um campo de apodrecimento no campo experimental da Embrapa Acre (10º01’30,7” S; 67º42’23,6” O) onde foram dispostos 463 corpos de prova (estacas de 5 x 5 x 50 cm) sem tratamento químico, de 36 espécies florestais amazônicas. Os corpos de prova foram dispostos em linhas, com espaçamento de 2,5 x e 1,0 m e enterrados no solo a 25 cm de profundidade. O estudo foi conduzido no período de agosto de 2015 a novembro de 2017, com avaliações trimestrais. A partir da visualização de cupins nos corpos de prova (parte aérea e subterrânea), os mesmos eram coletados, conservados em álcool etílico (80%) e identificados ao menor nível taxonômico possível. Esse trabalho enfoca dados relacionados a Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen), a principal espécie de cupim, encontrada em 91,6% das espécies presentes no campo de apodrecimento. Apenas os corpos de prova de canelão (Aniba canelilla), freijó (Cordia trichotoma) e imbiridiba-amarela (Terminalia amazonica) não foram infestadas por H. tenuis. Proporcionalmente à quantidade de estacas, o cedro-rosa (Cedrela odorata) e o angelim-da-mata (Hymenolobium petraeum) foram as espécies madeireiras mais e menos atacadas por H. tenuis, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: Amazônia; biodeterioração; Isoptera; inseto xilófago. Heterotermes tenuis (HAGEN) (BLATTODEA: RHINOTERMITIDAE): main termite associated with forest species, in decay field in Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is to report the main termite species associated with the deterioration of wood species, in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil. A rotting field was installed in the experimental field of Embrapa Acre (10º01'30.7” S; 67º42'23.6” W) where 463 specimens were placed (5 x 5 x 50 cm piles) without chemical treatment, of 36 Amazonian forest species. The specimens were arranged in lines, with a spacing of 2.5 x and 1.0 m and buried in the ground at a depth of 25 cm. The study was carried out from August 2015 to November 2017, with quarterly evaluations. From the visualization of termites in the specimens (aerial and underground), they were collected, preserved in ethyl alcohol (80%) and identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level. This work focuses on data related to Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen), the main termite species, found in 91.6% of the species present in the decay field. Only canelão (Aniba canelilla), freijó (Cordia trichotoma), and imbiridiba-amarela (Terminalia amazonica) specimens were not infested by H. tenuis. In proportion to the number of cuttings, cedro-rosa (Cedrela odorata), and angelim-da-mata (Hymenolobium petraeum) were the wood species most and least attacked by H. tenuis, respectively. Keywords: Amazon; biodeterioration; Isoptera; xylophagous insect.

No estado do Amapá, integrante da Amazônia Legal, até o momento os estudos na área de Acarologia Agrícolaforam pontuais embora tenham indicado rica diversidade de espécies. Neste trabalho apresentamos o estado daarte da Acarologia Agrícola no Amapá, com o intuito de atrair e estimular a fixação de acarologistas no Estado,assegurando a produção de conhecimento científico sobre este importante grupo biológico. In the state of Amapá, Brazil, part of the Legal Amazon, so far studies in the area ofAgricultural Acarology have been punctual, although they have indicated rich species diversity. In this paper wepresent the state of the art of Agricultural Acarology in Amapá state, in order to attract and stimulate the establishmentof acarologists in the state, ensuring the production of scientific knowledge about this important biological group. Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-27T04:40:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 26997.pdf: 82758 bytes, checksum: 5480b3845b04bad5ed3107de64ff6780 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Thrips (Thysanoptera) are dispersed in all regions of the world, but with higher frequency in tropical regions (Kerns et al., 2019). More than half of the species of this order are phytophagous feeding on only one or a few plant species although some are polyphagous. Approximately 6,300 species of Thysanoptera are known worldwide, of which about 130 are pests (Thrips Wiki, 2022; Mound et al., 2022). Some groups of thrips feed preferentially on flowers, while others prefer exclusively leaves, but pollen, fruits and young shoots can also be food sources for these insects (Mound et al., 2022). Thrips are important for the agriculture due to direct and indirect damage, including virus transmission (Monteiro et al., 1998). In addition, they feed on different species of cultivated plants and weeds, many of them found in the cotton production environment (Cook et al., 2011). Thrips are commonly found at the early stages of cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) feeding on the epidermal cells of the leaf mesophyll (Kaur et al., 2018; Nadeem et al., 2022). Intensive feeding by thrips causes terminal malformation in cotton seedlings, abnormal growth and, in extreme cases, death of the growing bud, leading to loss of apical dominance (Kerns et al., 2019). In Brazil, Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the main thrips species recorded and damaging cotton plants in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Pernambuco and São Paulo, although Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood) and other species of Frankliniella spp. are also found in lowers numbers on this plant (Monteiro et al., 1998). In April 2022, a severe infestation by a thrips species was observed on cotton plants, BRS 368 RF, with 85 days old, grown in 30 pots with a capacity of 5 L each one in a screened greenhouse at the Embrapa Algodão, municipality de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil (7°13?35? S, 35°54?21? W). The number of individuals and aggregations of this thrips per plant, individuals per aggregations and the proportion of adults and immature stages on ten cotton plants were evaluated on all leaves of each plant. Adults of the thrips were collected from the leaves, transferred to glass vials containing 70% alcohol and identified (Mound and Marullo, 1996). The thrips was identified as Retithrips syriacus Mayet (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) based on specimens deposited in the reference collection of the Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-20T16:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RETITHRIPS-SYRIACUS-MAYET-THYSANOPTERA-5.pdf: 1723721 bytes, checksum: eb7247c1daca8b2af355db8286f55fb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The development of resistant cultivars is one of the strategies applied in pest control. The method has the advantages of reduced cost and the lack of unwanted effects on the environment. Over the past decades, significant effort has been made toward developing the natural maize resistance to pests by evaluating germplasm and cultivar selection. This review highlights a maize breeding program, potential, advances, and challenges in addressing these characteristics. Also, it describes the main components and procedures applied in the mass rearing of insect pests of maize, artificial diets, techniques of artificial infestation employed in genotype selection, and methods to evaluate the mechanisms and causes of resistance. Studies on the inheritance of resistance, the breeding methods, and the potential for integrating classical and transgenic resistance are also emphasized. RESUMO - Entre os métodos de controle de pragas, o desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes é o método que apresenta as vantagens de custo reduzido e não causar efeitos indesejáveis ao ambiente. Ao longo das últimas décadas, tem sido realizado um grande esforço para o desenvolvimento de resistência natural do milho às pragas através de avaliação de germoplasma e de seleção de cultivares. Este capitulo destaca a potencialidade, avanços e desafios de um programa de melhoramento de milho com esta característica. Descreve os seus principais componentes e os procedimentos usados na criação massal das principais espécies de insetos e as respectivas dietas artificiais utilizadas, as técnicas de infestação artificial empregadas na seleção de genótipos e os métodos para avaliação de resistência, mecanismos e causas. Também são enfatizados os estudos de herança de resistência, os métodos de melhoramento empregados e o potencial para a integração de resistência clássica e a transgênica. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-11T12:19:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maize-cultivars-with-native-insect-resistance.pdf: 538055 bytes, checksum: 97cedc7884a05b009caec4f238a2f6f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is considered to be the most harmful cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., pest throughout subtropical, and tropical regions of the western hemisphere.1,2 Boll weevil damages cotton by feeding upon and laying eggs inside its reproductive structures, where hatched larvae feed and pupate,3,4 causing abscission or reduction of fiber quality,3,5,6 and economic losses of up to US$74 million per year.7 Boll weevil chemical control interventions are based on economic thresholds obtained by sampling the plants and for adult boll weevils captured in pheromone-baited traps.3,8,9 In order to develop an accurate monitoring and management program, estimates of population density are essential.10,11 Biotic and abiotic factors affect dynamics and within-field distribution (aggregated, random or uniform patterns) of insect populations.10,12 Knowing a pest's distribution within a field can help to: (1) develop site-specific sampling and control efforts; (2) predict pest movement; (3) improve insecticide-resistance management; (4) conserve biological control agents by precision targeting sprays for the infested areas; and (5) reduce the economic, social and environmental costs associated with pest control.10,11,13 The spatial distribution of boll weevils has been investigated using mean?variance relationships4,14 without considering within-field spatial density distribution, or has been based on pheromone-baited trap captures.15 The most accurate approach is the use of geostatistics because the position of the samples in space is accounted for.16 Recent work reported that geostatistics is of particular interest for pest management because it allows inferences about the minimum inter-sample distance needed to obtain independent estimations and indicates patterns of distribution and colonization of an organism, all of which are crucial for the development of effective sampling programs.11,13 The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial dynamics of A. grandis grandis on cotton by determining within-field distribution of adults and infested reproductive structures (having feeding and/or oviposition punctures). Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-20T13:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SPATIO-TEMPORAL-DISTRIBUTION-ANTHONOMUS-1.pdf: 1626763 bytes, checksum: be0b790bb401f312fa88c0b366eea54a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The effect of silicon (Si) on fitness and leaf consumption of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), has been observed in the laboratory, but the effects of Si on damage or defoliation reduction have not yet been determined under field conditions. Here, we evaluated the effects of amendment of soil with Si on defoliation by FAW and crop yield in maize. Two field experiments were carried out, with four doses of Si and a control (no Si amendment). Experiment #1 evaluated 150, 300, 450, and 600 kg of total Si∙ha-1, with natural or manual infestation with FAW eggs, while Experiment #2 tested 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 kg of total Si∙ha-1, with natural or manual infestation with FAW larvae. Defoliation reduction was observed with Si increasing in both Experiments #1 and #2. However, reduction was not observed in all evaluations, and it was dependent of infestation (natural and manual) and the time since manual infestation. Reduction in defoliation began at 600 kg Si∙ha-1. In contrast, plant Si content increased linearly with increasing soil Si application. No effect of Si application was observed on maize kernel yield. The increase in leaf Si content reduced FAW defoliation, but it did not affect maize yield from 600 to 1,200 kg∙ha-1 of Si. Amendment of soil with Si can be used as a strategy to optimize integrated pest management of FAW in maize. Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-07T13:20:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Increase-in-foliar-silicon-content-reduces-defoliation-Spodoptera-frugiperda.pdf: 176091 bytes, checksum: 5b9e65a4b989a410cff9c384aad547dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Most stink bugs (Pentatomidae) are polyphagous and feed on an array of cultivated and non-cultivated plants. Among the last, weed plants play an important role in their bioecology and pest status, particularly in the Neotropics, in where stink bugs are active during most of the year. In spite of this, the weeds role is, in general, underestimated. In this review article we present and discuss the importance of weed plants present in row crops and pasture lands, afecting stink bugs pests of major commodities in the Neotropics. We surveyed the literature and other sources (unpublished records) on the presence of stink bugs on weed plants. These plants were ranked as hosts (allowing nymph development and/or adult reproduction) or as associated plants (providing some nutrients/water/shelter, but not allowing nymph and/or adult performance). The following stink bug pest species were covered: The green-bellied stink bugs, Diceraeus furcatus (F.) and D. melacanthus Dallas; the Neotropical brown sink bug, Euschistus heros (F.); the brown-winged stink bug, Edessa meditabunda (F.); the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.); the rice stink bugs, Oebalus poecilus (Dallas) and O. ypsilongriseus (De Geer); the red-banded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood); the rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål; and the red-shouldered stink bug, Thyanta perditor (F.). The survey showed plants from 16 diferent families interacting with the 10 species of pest pentatomids analyzed, with the greater number of species of Fabaceae (16+), Poaceae (14+), and Asteraceae (7). Data demonstrated that, in the modern landscape scenario of agricultural areas in the Neotropics, highly polyphagous species, such as N. viridula, tend to sufer greater impact, while the oligophagous species, E. heros, D. furcatus, and D. melacanthus, in contrast, tend to be favored. The management of weed plants through the increase use of herbicides, multiple cropping, and the non-tillage cultivation systems seems to be the major factors infuencing the interactions of stink bugs and weeds, changing the population dynamics of pest stink bugs in the Neotropics, and, consequently their pest status. Made available in DSpace on 2022-03-30T18:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 The-overlooked-Panizzi.pdf: 1595520 bytes, checksum: 350567cdf6598d1285a72a7f65729dc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Abroca-da-cana, Diatraea saccharalis, é considerada a principal praga da cana-de-açúcar, causando prejuízos de maneira direta e indireta. Entre os danos diretos, devido à abertura de galerias no interior do colmo da planta pela lagarta, podemos citar a redução da translocação de seiva e a quebra e perda de peso de colmos.

Os cupins são insetos sociais e algumas espécies são importantes pragas agrícolas, urbanas e florestais. O objetivo do trabalho foi prospectar a fauna de cupins em quatro Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) no estado do Acre. Foi realizado um caminhamento, em uma área demarcada de 0,5 ha em cada SAF, onde foram coletados cupins de diferentes castas. Foram identificadas sete espécies de cupins: Coptotermes testaceus(Linnaeus, 1758), Microcerotermes strunckii (Söerensen, 1884), Microcerotermessp., Inquilinitermes sp., Armitermes sp., Nasutitermes sp. e Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky, 1855) associados a espécies frutíferas e florestais em Sistemas Agroflorestais no Sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira, contribuindo para aumentar o conhecimento acerca da termitofauna presente no estado do Acre. Termites are social insects and some species are important agricultural, urban and forest pests. The aim of this work was to prospect the termite fauna in four Agroforestry Systems (AFS) in Acre state, Brazil. A walk was carried out, in a demarcated area of 0.5 ha, in each AFS, where termites of different varieties were collected. Seven species of termites have been identified: Coptotermes testaceus(Linnaeus, 1758), Microcerotermes strunckii (Söerensen, 1884), Microcerotermessp., Inquilinitermessp., Armitermessp., Nasutitermessp. and Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky, 1885) associated with fruit and forest species in Agroforestry Systems in the Southwest of the Brazilian Amazon, contributing to increase knowledge about the assemblage of termites present in the state of Acre. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-16T17:05:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27362.pdf: 578969 bytes, checksum: b76ed5cca98f92ca5780b41cbe27ac66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Os agentes de controle biológico ou inimigos naturais (predadores, parasitoides e entomopatógenos) são capazes de reduzir populações de artrópodes-praga a níveis inferiores aos de dano econômico, mas sem ocasionar efeitos colaterais indesejáveis ao meio ambiente. Podem ser manejados de forma conservativa, em agroecosistemas estáveis ou criados em laboratórios (biofábricas), para serem liberados, periodicamente, em grandes quantidades em lavouras comerciais (cultivos perenes ou anuais). Defensivos, principalmente os de largo espectro (não seletivos aos inimigos naturais), são a principal tática para o controle de insetos-praga, porém podem causar efeitos deletérios aos inimigos naturais. O problema é potencializado quando empregados sem critérios técnicos, desconsiderando os níveis de controle estabelecidos pela pesquisa para os principais artrópodes-praga das grandes culturas. A tomada de decisão de controle preconizada pelo Manejo Integrado de Pragas (MIP), baseada no limiar de dano econômico e avaliada por meio de monitoramento dos insetospara detecção do nível populacional (nível de controle), indicando a real necessidade de controle, é, muitas vezes, desconsiderada por quem adota práticas mais fáceis de serem empregadas e/ou mais convenientes, a exemplo da aplicação calendarizada de defensivos químicos. A cultura do algodoeiro é reconhecida pelo grande número de insetos associados, e é também alvo de recordes de aplicação de agroquímcos. Isto tem sido motivado, principalmente, pela ocorrência do bicudo do algodoeiro (Anthonomus grandis), além do complexo de lepidópteros-praga (Helicoverpa, Heliothis, Spodoptera etc.), insetos sugadores transmissores de viroses, a exemplo dos afídeos e moscas-brancas, entre outros.

A total of eight species of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) have been listed as banana pests in Brazil. Their feeding and oviposition behaviour on these fruits damage their appearance in ways that can impair commercial value. As a result, taxonomic studies that seek to correctly identify thrips can positively impact the cultivation of bananas. Many earlier records of banana thrips in Brazil consist of doubtful identifications or untraceable reports. In this paper, the identification of these banana pests in Brazil is revised and an illustrated identification key is provided. The specimens examined were collected over a period of 10 years from the most representative banana-growing areas in Brazil. Seven banana thrips in Brazil are now recognised:Bradinothrips musae(Hood),Chaetanaphothrips orchidii(Moulton),Danothrips trifasciatusSakimura,Elixothrips brevisetis(Bagnall),Frankliniella brevicaulisHood,Frankliniella parvulaHood, andHoodothrips lineatus(Hood).Chaetanaphothrips orchidiiandDanothrips trifasciatusare recorded for the first time as causing damage to banana crops in Brazil. In addition, the following three species are considered misidentifications and should be disregarded as banana pests in Brazil:Frankliniella fulvipennisMoulton,Hercinothrips bicinctus(Bagnall), andHercinothrips femoralis(Reuter).

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer, is one of the main pests of the coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.) worldwide. Its control is mainly based on the use of acaricides. However, due to the habitat of this pest mite, which is protected by fruit bracts that act as a physical barrier, chemical control is often inefficient. Thus, natural enemies have been studied as an alternative to acaricides. We evaluated the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius aerialis (Muma) to increasing densities of A. guerreronis (40, 80, 160, 240 and 360) and additionally the oviposition rates of the phytoseiid A. aerialis over 11 days on different food sources: coconut pollen, A. guerreronis and a mix of pollen and A. guerreronis. Our results showed that Amblyseius aerialis showed a type III functional response, where prey consumption increasing as the density of A. guerreronis increased, with a maximum consumption of up to 175 prey per predator. All the prey densities allowed female oviposition. The number of eggs laid by A. aerialis increased with increasing prey density and stabilized between 240 and 360 A. guerreronis individuals, with an average oviposition of 1.7 eggs/female. Furthermore, our results showed that all the food sources (coconut pollen, A. guerreronis and a mix of pollen and A. guerreronis) supported oviposition. The mean oviposition was approximately 1.5 eggs/female on all the food sources. Our study suggests that A. aerialis can be effective in the biological control of A. guerreronis. However, further studies are needed to investigate whether A. aerialis can explore the habitat of A. guerreronis and if that prey can support the development of immature stages and the reproduction of A. aerialis. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-10T18:00:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Acarologia-2022-62-27-35.pdf: 1574877 bytes, checksum: a112d0048962fcea11e67719d957ba31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Tests were carried out to assess fumonisins production due to lepidopteran feeding on the ears of the hybrid DKB 390VTPRO (Cry1A105/Cry2Ab2) and in its non-Bt isogenic version. Maize ears were harvested and classified according to injury size, and fumonisin levels for each injury class were quantified. There were no significant differences between Bt maize and non-Bt maize in fumonisin production. However, the injury size due to earworm feeding was significant for fumonisin occurrence. The greater the injury, the higher the fumonisins level. RESUMO - Para avaliar a produção de fumonisinas causado pela alimentação de lepidopteros-praga nas espigas de milho Bt e não Bt, foram conduzidos testes, utlizando o híbrido de milho transgênico DKB 390VTPRO (Cry1A105/Cry2Ab2) e sua versão isogênica não-Bt (DKB 390). As espigas foram colhidas e divididas em quatro classes, quanto ao tamanho das injúrias e quantificados os teores de fumonisinas para cada classe. Não se verificou diferença significativa entre o milho Bt e sua versão não Bt, quanto ao níveis de ocorrência de fumonisinas. Contudo, houve efeito do tamanho da injuria na ocorrência de fumonisinas sendo que, quanto maior injúria, maior o nível de fumonisina. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-11T13:20:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Effect-of-earworm-injuries-on-fumonisins-production-in-bt-and-non-bt-maize.pdf: 1346534 bytes, checksum: 4472130f4b9be870bbdb03fc404665b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022 Scientific communication.

No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito temperatura sobre a dinâmica populacional de Tenuipalpus heveae Baker em cinco clones de seringueira. O estudo foi conduzido de novembro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019 no jardim clonal de seringueiras do campo experimental da Embrapa Acr,e Rio Branco, estado do Acre, nos clones CPAA C18, FDR 5788, FX 3899, PB 312 e RRIM 600. Semanalmente foram retiradas, aleatoriamente, oito folhas do terço inferior da copa de quatro plantas de cada clone. Os ácaros coletados foram montados em lâminas de microscopia em meio de Hoyer. A relação entre a temperatura média e a abundância de T. heveae foi testada por meio de um modelo linear generalizado com distribuição de Poisson. Foi amostrado um total de 2.909 ácaros em 6.720 folíolos analisados. Observou-se um efeito negativo da temperatura sobre a abundância de T. heveae. In the present study, the effect of temperature on the population dynamics of Tenuipalpus heveae Baker in five rubber tree clones was evaluated. The study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019 in the rubber tree clonal garden of the experimental field of Embrapa Acre, municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil in the clones CPAA C18, FDR 5788, FX 3899, PB 312 and RRIM 600. Eight leaves were randomly removed weekly from the lower third of the canopy of four plants of each clone. The collected mites were mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer?s medium. Thus, the relationship between mean temperature and T. heveae abundance was tested using a generalized linear model with Poisson?s distribution. A total of 2,909 mites were sampled from 6,720 leaflets analyzed. A negative effect of temperature on T. heveae abundance was observed. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-15T10:44:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27241.pdf: 199320 bytes, checksum: dd631340709af894c8a430717bfdcceb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Distributional records in Brazil are provided for two psyllid species, Auchmerina limbatipennis Enderlein, documented for the states of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo, and A. tuthilli Klimaszewski, for Paraná and Santa Catarina. Host plants for these species are reported for the first time. A. limbatipennis develops on Inga laurina and I. marginata (Fabaceae), and it displays a dimorphism (presence or absence of a distal dark band on the forewing), that is not sexual nor seasonal. A.tuthilli probably develops on Inga spp. As well. For the first time, the immatures of Auchmerina are described. Registros de distribuição no Brasil são fornecidos para duas espécies de psilídeos pouco conhecidas, Auchmerina limbatipennis Enderlein (Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina e São Paulo) e A. tuthilli Klimaszewski (Paraná e Santa Catarina). As plantas hospedeiras, anteriormente desconhecidas, são relatadas pela primeira vez. A. limbatipennis se desenvolve em Inga laurina e I. marginata, exibindo dimorfismo ( presença ou ausência de uma faixa escura na parte distal da asa anterior), que não é sexual nem sazonal. Provavelmente, os hospedeiros de A. tuthilli também são Inga spp. Os imaturos de Auchmerina são aqui descritos pela primeira vez.

Spittlebugs are among the main insect pests of forage grasses in Brazil. In February 2021, a spittlebug infestation was verified in Xaraés palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés) in the municipality of Senador Guiomard, Acre state, Brazil. The specimens were captured with an entomological sweep net and identified as Notozulia entreriana (Berg) and Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Notozulia entreriana is frequently captured in studies with spittlebugs in Acre state, though this is the first record of M. spectabilis in the state. This new record expands the species known geographical distribution in Brazil and the number of species of Mahanarva occurring in Acre state. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-25T15:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27216.pdf: 563387 bytes, checksum: ca4b79e0e63db7608f2adc5138c09b51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

In this work, a population outbreak of Lusura chera (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is recorded in Brazil nut trees in the municipality of Xapuri, state of Acre, Southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Defoliation of more than 50% was observed in the infested trees, demonstrating the harmful potential of the insect in this host plant., Neste trabalho registra-se um surto populacional de Lusura chera (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) em castanheira-do-Brasil no município de Xapuri, estado do Acre, sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira. Foi observada uma desfolha acima de 50% nas árvores infestadas, demonstrando o potencial danoso do inseto nesta planta hospedeira.

The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus, an Australian native insect, has become a nearly worldwide invasive pest in the last 16 years and has been causing signifcant damage to eucalypts (Myrtaceae), including Eucalyptus spp. and Corymbia spp. Its rapid expansion leads to new questions about pathways and routes that T. peregrinus used to invade other continents and countries. We used mtDNA to characterize specimens of T. peregrinus collected from 10 countries where this species has become established, including six recently invaded countries: Chile, Israel, Mexico, Paraguay, Portugal, and the United States of America. We then combined our mtDNA data with previous data available from South Africa, Australia, and Europe to construct a world mtDNA network of haplotypes. Haplotype A was the most common present in all specimens of sites sampled in the New World, Europe, and Israel, however from Australia second more frequently. Haplotype D was the most common one from native populations in Australia. Haplotype A difers from the two major haplotypes found in South Africa (D and G), confrming that at least two independent invasions occurred, one from Australia to South Africa, and the other one from Australia to South America (A). In conclusion, Haplotype A has an invasion success over many countries in the World. Additionally, analyzing data from our work and previous reports, it is possible to suggest some invasive routes of T. peregrinus to predict such events and support preventive control measures. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-12T04:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo-2020-Machado-et-al-One-maternal-lineage-leads-the-expansion-of-Thaumastocoris-peregrinus.pdf: 3236777 bytes, checksum: 90255ede5fe4812b249279669eee2238 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is a cosmopolitan pest that causes high losses in stored beans in small storage units and especially on-farm storages. Here, it was tested the efficacy of the inert dust diatomaceous earth (DE) as an alternative to control A. obtectus in common beans (i.e., Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on different storage temperatures and exposure intervals. Using a Completely Randomized design four doses (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00g kg-1) of diatomaceous earth on beans kept at different temperatures (25, 28, 30, 32 and 35°C). Insect mortality was evaluated after two or five days of exposure. The impacts of diatomaceous earth in the offspring of five days-exposed A. obtectus adults were evaluated. The offspring production (emerged adults) was evaluated 60 days after the exposure. The results revealed that A. obtectus mortality caused by diatomaceous earth was dose, temperature and exposure period dependent. For instance, at the lowest temperature (25°C), diatomaceous earth dose (0.25g kg-1 of beans) and exposure period of two days, the efficacy of diatomaceous earth was significantly reduced when compared to the other treatments. When applied at temperatures above 30°C, the diatomaceous earth treatments always resulted in A. obtectus mortality of at least 90%. Curiously, offspring production (F1) was reduced to over 95% in all diatomaceous earth, temperatures and exposure period treatments. Therefore, the results demonstrated that diatomaceous earth has the potential to be used as a tool to manage A. obtectus infestations in stored beans, considering that such control practice adequately reduced these insect infestations in several possible scenarios. RESUMEN El gorgojo Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) es una plaga cosmopolita que causa grandes pérdidas en frijoles almacenados, ya sea em pequenas unidades o en fincas. Aquí, se probó la eficacia del polvo inerte de la tierra de diatomeas (DE) como una alternativa para controlar A. obtectus en frijoles comunes Phaseolus vulgaris L., en diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento e intervalos de exposición. Usando un diseño completamente al azar, cuatro dosis (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 y 1.00g kg-1) de tierra de diatomeas en frijoles mantenidos a diferentes temperaturas (25, 28, 30, 32 y 35 °C). La mortalidad de los insectos se evaluó después de dos o cinco días de exposición. Se evaluaron los impactos de la tierra de diatomeas en la descendencia de adultos de A. obtectus expuestos a cinco días. La producción de descendencia (adultos emergentes) se evaluó 60 días después de la exposición. Los resultados mostraron que la mortalidad por A. obtectus causada por la tierra de diatomeas dependía de la dosis, la temperatura y el período de exposición. Por ejemplo, a la temperatura más baja (25 °C), la dosis de tierra de diatomeas (0.25 g kg-1 de frijoles) y el período de exposición de dos días, la eficacia de la tierra de diatomeas se redujo significativamente en comparación con los otros tratamientos. Cuando se aplica a temperaturas superiores a 30 °C, los tratamientos con tierra de diatomeas siempre dieron como resultado una mortalidad de A. obtectus de al menos 90%. Curiosamente, la producción de descendencia (F1) se redujo a más del 95% en todos los tratamientos de tierra de diatomeas, temperaturas y períodos de exposición. Por lo tanto, los resultados demostraron que la tierra de diatomeas tiene el potencial de ser utilizada como una herramienta para controlar las infestaciones de A. obtectus en frijoles almacenados, considerando que dicha práctica de control redujo adecuadamente estas infestaciones de insectos en varios escenarios posibles.

Resumo. O cultivo da mandioca tem importância socioeconomica e de subsistencia na regiao Norte do Brasil, sendo uma pratica adotada principalmente em pequenas propriedades, por comunidades tradicionais, agricultores familiares e indigenas. Foi verificada a presenca de colonias de percevejos-de-renda em plantios de mandioca localizados na terra indigena Kaxinawa de Nova Olinda, Feijo, estado do Acre. Os insetos foram capturados diretamente nas plantas, sendo identificadas as especies Vatiga manihotae (Drake), Vatiga illudens (Drake) e Gargaphia opima Drake. Configuram-se os primeiros registros de V. manihotae , V. illudens e G. opima no estado do Acre, sendo esta ultima, o primeiro registro para o Brasil. Lace bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) associated with cassava cultivation in Nova Olinda’s Kaxinawa indigenous land, in Acre state, with new record for Brazil Abstract. Cassava cultivation has socioeconomic and subsistence importance in the northern region of Brazil, being a practice mainly adopted in small farms, by traditional communities, family farmers and indigenous people. It was verified the presence of colonies of lace bugs in cassava cultivation located in Nova Olinda’s Kaxinawa indigenous land, municipality of Feijo, Acre state, Brazil. The insects were captured directly in the plants, being identified the species Vatiga manihotae (Drake), Vatiga illudens (Drake) and Gargaphia opima Drake. Therefore, the occurrence of V. manihotae , V. illudens and G. opima in Acre state is recorded for the first time. In addition, G. opima is the first record for Brazil.

Resumo. Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) e registrado pela primeira vez na Amazonia Oriental, a partir de frutos de Malpighia emarginata DC. coletados no estado do Amapa, Brasil. Neste trabalho tambem sao apresentados sinas de danos aos frutos e a distribuicao geografica de A. tomentosus no Brasil. First record of Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Eastern Amazon Abstract. Anthonomus tomentosus (Faust) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is recorded for the first time in the Eastern Amazon, from fruits of Malpighia emarginata DC. collected in the state of Amapa, Brazil. In this work we also present the signals damages on the fruits and the geographical distribution of A. tomentosus in Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-22T18:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1003-2022.Adenir-Vieira.pdf: 1680702 bytes, checksum: a15606aee7f6c50a098f421b1052d550 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

As cigarrinhas-das-pastagens (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) são insetos sugadores de seiva, consideradas pragas-chave das pastagens no Brasil. Foi realizado um levantamento de cigarrinhas em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés na Fazenda Iquiri, município de Senador Guiomard, estado do Acre, no período de janeiro a maio de 2017. Os insetos adultos foram capturados com o auxílio de rede entomológica de varredura e enviados para identificação. Neste levantamento, foram registradas quatro espécies de cercopídeos, Deois flavopicta (Stål), Deois incompleta (Walker), Mahanarva mura (China e Myers) e Notozulia entreriana (Berg). Assim, a lista de cercopídeos associados às pastagens no estado do Acre inclui atualmente seis espécies: D. flavopicta, D. incompleta, Deois rubropicta Sakakibara, N. entreriana, M. mura e Mahanarva tristis (Fabricius). As espécies N. entreriana e D. flavopicta apresentaram os maiores níveis populacionais registrados durante o período do estudo. Spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) are sap-sucking insects, considered key pests of pastures in Brazil. A survey of spittlebugs was conducted in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés at Fazenda Iquiri, municipality of Senador Guiomard, Acre state, Brazil, in the period from January to May 2017. The adult insects were captured with the aid of entomological sweep net and sent for identification. In this survey, four cercopids species were recorded Deois flavopicta (Stål), Deois incompleta (Walker), Mahanarva mura (China and Myers) and Notozulia entreriana (Berg). Thus, the list of cercopids associated with pastures in the state of Acre currently includes six species: D. flavopicta, D. incompleta, Deois rubropicta Sakakibara, N. entreriana, M. mura, and Mahanarva tristis (Fabricius). The species N. entreriana and D. flavopicta had the highest population levels recorded during the study period. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-19T02:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27183.pdf: 281441 bytes, checksum: b63fe6b9b44d7b78d6a44db6fa5fe134 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Cattle production is one of the main economic activities in the state of Roraima, and insect pest attacks in pastures have a negative effect on this sector in the region. Little is known about the species that cause damage to forage fields in the state. This study presents the first report of the occurrence of the chinch bug Blissus pulchellus Montandon (Hemiptera: Blissidae) in Roraima, Brazil and a description of the population dynamics of this pest in pasture areas in this state. Pasture areas were sampled in nine municipalities of Roraima to detect the insect. The population dynamics study was conducted for two years in Alto Alegre municipality, two of which have Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and one of Megathrysus maximus cv. Mombaça (Poaceae) crops. Blissus pulchellus was found in all sampled areas, except in Rorainópolis and São João da Baliza. High densities of this bug were found in in Alto Alegre. This is the first report of B. pulchellus in Brazil. The factors that affect the population dynamics and the damage caused by this insect pest to pastures as well as the risk of dispersal of this pest in Brazil are discussed. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-04T18:00:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisangela-first-occurrence.pdf: 3635711 bytes, checksum: f3f21f629cd0afcb5a6f2f26e5845a10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Fruit flies are economically important pests that infest a wide variety of host trees. The environmental damage caused by traditional pesticide-based control methods has prompted scientists to seek less damaging alternatives such as biological control by native species. Parasitoids, especially Braconidae species, have excellent potential as biological control agents for fruit flies, being both generalists and well distributed geographically. Native fruit trees that support medium or high levels of these parasitoids could therefore play an important role in biological control strategies. A good potential example is Spondias mombin L. in the Brazilian Amazon, which hosts several species of fruit flies and associated parasitoids. Here, we provide a unique synthesis of over nearly two decades of data from the east Amazon, clearly demonstrating the potential of S. mombin to act as a source and reservoir of fruit fly parasitoids. This important ecosystem service (biological control) provided by the parasitoids and supported by S. mombin could be further enhanced through conservation of this plant species in its natural environment. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-30T18:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAF-AP-2021-Spondias-mombin-as-a-reservoir.pdf: 1715431 bytes, checksum: c487e0b9021860d1b2438dcfa10be976 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A new systematic structural study was performed using the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) reporting statistical parameters of polymeric particles based on gelatin and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) containing essential oil from Lippia origanoides. The developed biocides are efficient alternative controlling agents of Conotrachelus humeropictus and Moniliophtora perniciosa, the main pests of Theobroma grandiflorum. Our results showed that the particles morphology can be successfully controlled by advanced stereometric parameters, pointing to an appropriate concentration of encapsulated essential oil according to the particle surface characteristics. For this reason, the absolute concentration of 1000 µg·mL−1 (P1000 system) was encapsulated, resulting in the most suitable surface microtexture, allowing a faster and more efficient essential oil release. Loaded particles presented zeta potential around (–54.3 ± 2.3) mV at pH = 8, and particle size distribution ranging from 113 to 442 nm. The hydrodynamic diameter of 90% of the particle population was found to be up to (405 ± 31) nm in the P1000 system. The essential oil release was evaluated up to 80 h, with maximum release concentrations of 63% and 95% for P500 and P1000, respectively. The best fit for the release profiles was obtained using the Korsmeyer–Peppas mathematical model. Loaded particles resulted in 100% mortality of C. humeropictus up to 48 h. The antifungal tests against M. perniciosa resulted in a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 µg·mL−1, and the P1000 system produced growth inhibition up to 7 days. The developed system has potential as alternative controlling agent, due to its physical stability, particle surface microtexture, as well as pronounced bioactivity of the encapsulated essential oil.

O cultivo da amora-preta (Rubus spp.) na Região Sul do Brasil vem crescendo de forma expressiva nos últimos anos, com destaque para os municípios de Campestre da Serra e Vacaria, principais produtores da fruta no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Pagot, 2006). A cultura é considerada uma alternativa econômica para viabilizar a pequena propriedade rural de base familiar, devido a características específicas, como cultivo em pequenas áreas e emprego intensivo de mão-de-obra. A maioria dos produtores da fruta emprega tecnologias compatíveis com o sistema orgânico de produção (Brasil, 2004). Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-09T00:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 100242008p.5557.pdf: 2534358 bytes, checksum: 377b55e438b17c582dc6888f39b5ac2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 Informativo Técnico.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:01:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Microsporidia are naturally occurring fungal-related parasites that can infect nearly all animal hosts, but their biocontrol potential of insect pests is routinely overlooked in agriculture and forestry. This research brings the first report describing the natural occurrence of a microsporidium causing disease in field-collected populations of the invasive eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major destructive pest of eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. Adult beetles were collected during field surveys in commercial eucalyptus plantations in southern Brazil to be examined and dissected with typical symptoms to verify presence of microsporidian spores in haemolymph. From 14 plantations in different sites, the natural infection occurrence in these populations ranged from 0 to 65%, while a lab colony exhibited an infection incidence of 70%. Spore density in haemolymph of symptomatic insects averaged 2.1 (± 0.4) × 107 spores/beetle. Symptoms in infected adults were identified by an abnormal abdomen with malformation of the second pair of wings, impairing their flight activity. Electron transmission microscopy of the pathogen showed morphological features similar to species belonging to the genus Nosema or Vairimorpha. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length small subunit ribosomal RNA gene suggests this pathogen’s placement in the genus Vairimorpha, but with a sequence identity of ~ 94% with the nearest neighbours. The low level of sequence identity suggests this pathogen may represent a novel taxon in the genus and further requires whole genome sequencing for definitive taxonomic resolution. These findings provide insights on the natural occurrence of this novel pathogen of this invasive pest in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. Further studies are needed to determine potential of this microsporidium in the design of conservative or augmentative biological control programs for this invasive pest. School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Botucatu, Av. Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, Fazenda Experimental Lageado Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Embrapa Environment, Rodovia SP-340, km 127.5 Botucatu Medical School Dept. Internal Medicine Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Botucatu, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n USDA Agricultural Research Service National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, 1815, N. University St School of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Botucatu, Av. Universitária, 3780, Altos do Paraíso, Fazenda Experimental Lageado Botucatu Medical School Dept. Internal Medicine Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Botucatu, Av. Prof. Mário Rubens Guimarães Montenegro, s/n

Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-12T02:09:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-de-Doutorado-da-Marizete-Cavalcante-de-Souza-Vieira.pdf: 727895 bytes, checksum: d3e4633b9a2efb62126894387beebc75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 Orientada por: Crébio José Ávila

De todos os tefritídeos (Diptera: Tephritidae) relatados no Brasil, a mosca-das-frutas sul-americana Anastrepha fraterculus e a mosca-do-mediterrâneo Ceratitis capitata são os que causam mais prejuízos à fruticultura nacional. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-30T13:00:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nava-etal-CultivarHF-nov2021.pdf: 917795 bytes, checksum: f101cb06c18f58ff8226eb6ce7cf2a48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating diseases for citrus sector. In Brazil, the state of Bahia is free of the disease, however it is on constant alert to prevent its introduction. One of the main areas of citrus exploitation in the state is located in the Recôncavo Baiano?s identity territory and is characterized by family-based production. This study aimed to perform a participative phytosanitary diagnosis with citrus growers from the ?Recôncavo Baiano? region, recording their perception regarding the HLB and its vector, Diaphorina citri. The diagnosis, which featured 109 interviews, was carried out in five prominent cities in citrus production (Cruz das Almas, Governador Mangabeira, Muritiba, Santo Antônio de Jesus and São Felipe). The results showed that 70% of citrus growers never heard of the disease. It also indicated that only 6% of farmers have technical assistance. Even with the tradition of citrus farmers, the use of technologies is still limited. The presented results constitute an important tool for phytosanitary defense, as it provides strategic information that enable the planning of indispensable actions for preventing HLB entry in this territory, and also to minimize its negative impacts, contributing with the maintenance of the citrus production chain. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-23T13:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira-et-al-2021-Participatory-survey.pdf: 1305034 bytes, checksum: fa8db35de6e84a898d427bd883db2057 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based bioinsecticides and transgenic plants expressing proteins with insecticidal activity (Cry and Vip) have been successfully used in several integrated pest management programs worldwide. Lepidoptera comprise some of the most economically important insect pests of the major agricultural crops. In this study, the toxicity of 150 Btstrains was evaluated against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) larvae. Eight strains (426, 520B, 1636, 1641, 1644, 1648, 1657 and 1658) showed high insecticide activity against H. armigera and were therefore tested against Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) larvae. Our results showed that most of the Bt strains were also toxic to these lepidopteran species. The biochemical and molecular analyses of these strains revealed that they had a similar protein profile; however, their cry and vip gene contents were variable. In addition, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the selected strains indicated that the strains 1636, 1641, and 1658 were the most effective against H. armigera, showing LC50 values of 185.02, 159.44, and 192.98 ng/cm2 , respectively. Our results suggest that the selected Bt strains have great potential to control the lepidopteran pests H. armigera, A. gemmatalis, D. saccharalis, S. cosmioides, and C. includes. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-23T12:00:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Identification-Bacillus-thuringiensis.pdf: 1642573 bytes, checksum: d4685cbdc6db0cd9b22768c1c57f1b91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a plant species widely present in tropical and subtropical regions that have been studied mainly for its potential for biofuel production; it is also a plant known for its toxic substances. To explore its use as an insecticide, we studied the effect of the seed extract from green fruit and the seed oils from the mature and dried fruit of J. curcas on the green aphid Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Seven concentrations of extracts and oils of different maturation stages of fruits were used and sprayed with the Potter Spray Tower on cabbage leaves containing 10 individuals of M. persicae. Ten repetitions for each concentration were carried out at each stage of maturation (green, ripe, and dry), and the evaluation of the mortality of individuals occurred for a period of 72 hours. The maturation stage of J. curcas, as well as the concentration and time after the application, influenced the mortality of M. persicae. The best results were obtained 48h after applying the dried fruit oil at 2.5% and 72 hours after the application of dry and ripe fruit oil at 2.5%. -- Resúmen: La Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) es una especie vegetal, ampliamente presente en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, que ha sido estudiada principalmente por su potencial para la producción de biocombustibles. Pero también es una planta conocida por sus sustancias tóxicas. Para verificar su uso como insecticida, estudiamos el efecto del extracto de semillas de frutos verdes y aceites de semillas de frutos maduros y secos de J. curcas sobre el pulgón verde Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Siete soluciones, en diferentes concentraciones de los extractos y aceites, fueron utilizadas y pulverizadas con la Torre de Pulverización de Potter en hojas de repollo, con 10 individuos de M. persicae cada una. Se realizaron diez repeticiones para cada concentración en cada etapa de maduración (verde, maduro y seco) y la evaluación de la mortalidad de los individuos ocurrió en un período de 72 horas. El estadio de maduración de J. curcas, la concentración y el tiempo después de la aplicación influyeron la mortalidad de M. persicae. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron 48 horas después de la aplicación del aceite de frutos secos a 2,5%, y 72 horas después del aceite de los frutos secos y maduros a 2,5%. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-27T19:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marinho-Prado-Insecticidal-potential-2021.pdf: 422054 bytes, checksum: e3a20d41d13e0dac3bdc4e287a29c9e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important rice pest which consumes leaf area during all phases of plant development. The objective of this study was to identify rice genotypes that provide antixenosis and antibiosis to fall armyworm. Antixenosis was investigated by measuring non-preference in free-choice and no-choice tests while antibiosis was determined by measuring biological parameters and nutritional indices of S. frugiperda in twelve rice genotypes. The genotype Miúdo Branco showed antixenosis to S. frugiperda, whereas the genotypes IR 64 and Bacaba Branco showed antibiosis to S. frugiperda by affecting insect development and prolonging insect life cycle. Insects that fed on Bacaba Branco genotype demonstrated the lowest nutritional indices. Since Miúdo Branco, IR 64 and Bacaba Branco showed moderate resistance, rice producers could use these genotypes as part of a control strategy for S. frugiperda. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-29T17:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rbe-2021.pdf: 508016 bytes, checksum: a3a01004dd029d44cf87e93666e2f40d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

RESUMO A meloidoginose da alface interfere negativamente no desenvolvimento da planta, o que reduz a produtividade da cultura. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar espécies de Meloidogyne em áreas de cultivo de alface localizadas na região Agreste do estado de Alagoas. Foram realizadas coletas de solo rizosférico e de raízes totalizando 23 amostras, provenientes de sete municípios. As raízes com sintomas de meloidoginose foram cortadas e incorporadas, juntamente com o solo rizosférico, a tomateiros Santa Cruz cv. Kada Gigante, previamente cultivados em vasos contendo solo esterilizado e mantidos sob condições de telado. A identificação das espécies de Meloidogyne foi realizada por meio da análise do perfil da isoenzima esterase. As espécies de M. incognita fenótipos I1 e I2 e de M. javanica fenótipo J3 foram detectadas em 20 e em três áreas, respectivamente. ABSTRACT Lettuce root-knot negatively influences the plant development, reducing the crop yield. The objective of this study was to identify Meloidogyne species that occur in lettuce cultivation areas in the “Agreste” region of Alagoas State, Brazil. Sample collection was performed from the rhizosphere soil and roots, totaling 23 samples from seven municipalities. Roots exhibiting symptoms of root-knot were harvested and incorporated with the rhizosphere soil in tomato plants “Santa Cruz” cv. ‘Kada Gigante’ previously grown in pots containing sterile soil and kept under greenhouse conditions. Meloidogyne species were identified based on esterase isozyme analysis. Meloidogyne incognita phenotypes I1 and I2 and M. javanica phenotype J3 were detected in 20 and three areas, respectively.

Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm) is the causal agent of Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), one of the most important cassava diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of sweet cassava genotypes to strains of Xpm from three different geographic regions of Brazil in greenhouse conditions. The inoculation of 14 genotypes of cassava was made by cutting leaflets using scissors previously soaked in a bacterial suspension with 1 × 108 UFC ml-1 and also by inserting a soaked toothpick into the bud of the oldest leaf. The results showed significant differences when the cassava genotypes were individually evaluated in relation to the Xpm strains used; however, the relationship between cassava genotypes and Xpm strains was significant for wilt symptom. The UnB 1111 strain was more aggressive than the UnB 1386 strain based on the average value of the reaction grade, showing the variation that exists between the bacterial isolates from different regions. Considering the reaction of cassava germplasm?s resistance to the three strains used in the study, the BGMC 434 genotype was the only one classified as resistant based on the average reaction grade. The genotypes BGMC 753, BGMC 1289, BGMC 982 and the elite clones BRS 396, BRS 397, BRS 398, 259/08 and BRS 399 were classified as moderately resistant, which indicates the possibility of recommending them for disease favorable regions. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-16T15:13:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josefino-Reaction-of-sweet-cassava-genotypes.pdf: 174446 bytes, checksum: 5cf056056add3f10a4b6674a8e44efe6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important natural textile fiber in the world. It is cultivated mainly to obtain fibers, although it also stands out as a source of oil and food products. In Brazil, since the early 1990s, the main cotton-growing area is located in the Brazilian tropical savannah (Morello et al. 2020). Due to a well-defined rain season, most cotton fields are rainfed and the lint yield is often very high, an average of 1672.94 kg ha-1 in the 2018-2019 growing season (ABRAPA 2020). In 2019, Brazil was the second largest cotton fiber exporter and fourth largest cotton fiber producer in the world (OECD-FAO 2020). However, the production system is based on extensive areas requiring several pesticide applications to achieve high levels of fiber production. In this scenario, Ramularia leaf spot disease (RLS), caused by Ramulariopsis pseudoglycines (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella areola), became epidemic, with considerable economic impact (Silva et al. 2019a). Additionally, the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is an emerging threat in cotton-growing regions (Belot et al. 2020). Recently, sources of resistance to RLS have been identified and efforts have been made to develop cultivars tolerant or resistant to RLS (Silva et al. 2019a, Suassuna et al. 2020). Sources of resistance to RKN are available (Lopes et al. 2020), and the stocks most used for resistance are sourced from Auburn 623 RNR (Shepherd 1974). The high resistance in Auburn 623 RNR has been RNR (Shepherd 1974). The high resistance in Auburn 623 RNR has been transferred to breeding lines (M-lines). Genetic resistance in M-lines is under oligogenic inheritance, determined by two QTLs located on chromosomes 11 and 14. The QTL (qMi-C11), located on chromosome 11, has a dominant effect on gall formation, whereas the QTL (qMi-C14), located on chromosome 14, has a partial dominant effect and is associated with reduced egg production (Silva et al. 2019b). Resistance (near-immunity) to the RKN is conferred by an epistatic interaction between the two QTLs (Gutiérrez et al. 2010, Lopes et al. 2020). A cotton-breeding program was established by Embrapa in the 1980s to develop cultivars adapted to the cerrado (Brazilian tropical savanna) environment focusing on high-quality fiber (Morello et al. 2020) or enhanced disease resistance (Suassuna et al. 2020). Here, we report the development of the transgenic cotton cultivar BRS 500 B2RF, with resistance to RLS and partial resistance to RKN, which represents an important genetic contribution to sustainable cotton production in tropical environments. Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-08T19:00:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRS-500-B2RF-TRANSGENIC-COTTON-CULTIVAR.pdf: 349222 bytes, checksum: 9d7c3e73e016eb49429003d4e8546408 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Muitas espécies de curculionídeos (Insecta: Coleoptera) são consideradas pragas florestais, sendo as coleobrocas as mais importantes. As subfamílias Scotylinae e Platypodinae podem causar danos diretos às plantas por meio da construção de galerias e danos indiretos, por meio da entrada de fitopatógenos. Reportamos aqui o ataque de Scotylinae a Platypodinae a estipes de açaí-de-touceira, Euterpe oleracea Mart., em plantio comercial localizado no município de Bujari, AC. Secções de estipe foram cortadas longitudinalmente e os insetos removidos das suas galerias. Foram identificadas as espécies Xyleborus volvulus (Fabricius) e Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius), além de espécimes da subfamília Colydiinae. As plantas atacadas apresentavam muitos orifícios circulares no estipe, a partir de 30 cm do solo e as folhas encontravam-se amareladas. Assim, faz-se o primeiro registro da associação dessas espécies com o açaí-de-touceira no Brasil. Many species of curculionids (Insecta: Coleoptera) are considered forest pests, with coleoborers being the most important. The subfamilies Scotylinae and Platypodinae can cause direct damage to plants through the construction of galleries and indirect damage, through the entry of phytopathogens. We report here the attack of Scotylinae and Platypodinae on stems of açai tree clump, Euterpe oleracea Mart., in a commercial plantation located in the municipality of Bujari, Acre state, Brazil. Stipe sections were cut longitudinally, and insects was removed from their galleries. The species Xyleborus volvulus (Fabricius) and Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius) were identified, as well specimens of the subfamily Colydiinae. The attacked plants had many circular holes in the stipe, from 30 cm from the soil and the leaves were yellowish. Thus, the first record of the association of these species with açai tree clump in Brazil is made. Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-28T19:01:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27166.pdf: 210062 bytes, checksum: 002b4985bd3dc2788b04d3c1a19a57cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A intensidade das doenças e a densidade populacional das pragas variam em função das condições meteorológicas, que afetam tanto patógenos e pragas quanto a sua interação com a planta hospedeira. Para muitas doenças fúngicas, as condições de favorabilidade ao ciclo da doença dependem de um binômio entre temperatura e disponibilidade de água livre.

Tripes estão entre os insetos prejudiciais ao cultivo da banana no Brasil, normalmente depreciando o aspecto externo dos frutos pela formação de manchas ou erupções em sua casca, em consequência da sua alimentação. Este trabalho faz o primeiro relato de Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) em plantio comercial de banana comprida (cv. D'Angola) no estado do Acre. Devido à falta de informações acerca dos impactos econômicos e distribuição geográfica dessa espécie de tripes, pesquisas nesse enfoque são fortemente recomendas no Estado. Thrips are among the insects harmful to banana cultivation in Brazil, usually depreciating the external aspect of the fruits by the formation of spots or eruptions on their skin, as a result of their food. This work makes the first report of Frankliniella brevicaulis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in a commercial plantation of 'banana comprida' plantain (cv. D'Angola) in the state of Acre, Brazil. Due to the lack of information about the economic impacts and geographical distribution of this thrips species, research on this subject is strongly recommended in the State Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-10T15:06:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27191.pdf: 740018 bytes, checksum: f07f28b8ec246b9cc8c8e23d1c76a56a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), is a severe pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), banana (Musa sp.), and some ornamental palms. The predatory mite Amblyseius largoensis Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been reported in association with R. indica in several countries. Here, we assessed the interaction effect between prey density and population structure on predation and fecundity of this phytoseiid species. Specifically, we estimated the predation capacity of nymphs and females of A. largoensis based on their functional and numerical responses when fed on eggs, immature stages (deutonymphs or protonymphs), and females of R. indica. Nymphs and females of A. largoensis presented type II functional responses to R. indica, except for nymphs of the predator when consuming immature stages of the pest that exhibited a type III functional response. Nymphs and females of the predator showed a higher attack rate and shorter handling time when feeding on eggs of R. indica than on immatures and females. The highest oviposition rates of A. largoensis were observed when eggs and immatures of the pest were offered as prey. The results indicate that nymphs and females of A. largoensis may be effective in suppressing R. indica populations, mainly at lower prey densities. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-03T15:01:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lira-et-al-2021-Phytoparasitica.pdf: 474005 bytes, checksum: c4e35b73c0a146691bd68579a26504ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Several species of predatory mites, naturally occurring in coconut plantations, play an important role in regulating populations of phytophagous mites that are key pests of this crop. Plant essential oils (EOs) are bioactive mixtures of compounds that hold potential for controlling phytophagous arthropods with minimal impacts on non-target organisms and the environment. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and assess the bioactivity of the EO extracted from the leaves of the ?Pera? sweet orange grafted on ?Rangpur lime? to a key pest of coconut plantations worldwide, namely the coconut mite Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae), and its compatibility with the naturally-occurring generalist predatory mite Typhlodromus ornatus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Briefly, sabinene was the major component, followed by δ-3-carene and (E)-β-ocimene. The EO was toxic to A. guerreronis (LC50 = 4.28 mg/mL; LC80 = 10.39 mg/mL) but not to T. ornatus. The LC80 of the EO did not repel A. guerreronis and was toxic to the pest mite only in the first hours (

Os tingídeos são insetos diminutos, associados a diversas plantas no Brasil, cujas algumas espécies são consideradas pragas agrícolas ou florestais. Em janeiro de 2015 foi constatado um ataque de tingídeos em plantas de bambu-gigante-amarelo, Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J. C. Wendl. var. vittata Rivière, no município de Brasiléia, AC. Foram observadas colônias de tingídeos, predominantemente na face inferior das folhas, as quais apresentavam sintomas de amarelecimento e áreas cloróticas na face superior. Com auxílio de pincel fino, insetos foram coletados diretamente das folhas das plantas e acondicionados em frascos de vidro contendo álcool etílico (70%). Os insetos foram enviados para identificação e determinados como pertencentes ao gênero Leptodictya. Algumas espécies pertencentes a esse gênero são relatadas associadas ao bambu em outros paises, no entanto não havia registros deste gênero infestando bambuzais no estado do Acre, bem como no Brasil, podendo se tratar de uma nova espécie de tingídeo presente no país. Tingids are small insects, associated with several plants in Brazil, whose species are considered agricultural or forest pests. In January 2015, a tingid attack was observed in giant yellow bamboo plants, Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J. C. Wendl. var. vittata Rivière, in the municipality of Brasiléia, Acre state, Brazil. Tingids colonies were observed, predominantly on the underside of the leaves, which showed yellowing symptoms and chlorotic areas on the upper surface. With the aid of a fine brush, insects were collected directly from the leaves of the plants and insert in glass flasks containing ethyl alcohol (70%). The insects were sent for identification and determined to belong to the genus Leptodictya. Some species belonging to this genus are reported to be associated with bamboo in other countries; however, there were no records of this genus infesting bamboo in Acre state, as well as in Brazil which may be a new tingid species present in the country. Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-17T18:28:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27134.pdf: 304727 bytes, checksum: db622f4791ee188e02140455133f0ae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) regularly requires quick deployment of control practices due to its potential of causing yield loss of processing tomatoes. The monitoring of H. armigera adults using stick traps lured with sex pheromone was correlated to egg densities, larvae, and percentage of damaged fruits, aiming to subsidize control decisions only using the number of males caught in the traps since surveying pest stages or damaged fruits is laborious and costly. Surveys were carried out on 11 tomato fields (ca. 80 to 120 hectares each) for processing during the 2015 and 2016 crop seasons. The survey was initiated at the flowering stage with traps set up along the field borders 100 m distant each. Evaluations of adult male capture in the traps were conducted twice a week for 14 and 10 weeks during the 2015 and 2016 seasons, respectively. Simultaneously, 70 tomato plants were fully inspected for eggs, larvae, and damaged fruits per area using a rate of 10 plants per point of trap setting in each area. Overall capture of male moths correlated to subsequent eggs, larvae, and damaged fruits. Based on the outcome of the regression analysis between male moths captured and percentage of damaged fruits, the control decision is suggested when three to six male moths are captured per trap during one week. The monitoring of adults using pheromone traps help deploy chemical or biological control methods to restrain H. armigera population reaching economic threshold levels.