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The main objective of the study is to investigate the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy-model-based networked control system under the fuzzy event-triggered H ∞ control scheme. Instead of considering the conventional network transmission delay, the paper introduces the probability distribution based network transmission delay, which is more compatible with real time-simulations. Due to distributed transmission delay, the closed-loop network control system has become distributed delay system. To make use of full information about the membership function, the Lyapunov function candidate is designed as fuzzy-membership-dependent Lyapunov function. A switching concept with respect to the rate of changes in membership functions is introduced to design the optimal control gain matrices for the considered system. The main advantage of the fuzzy-membership-dependent Lyapunov function is that it can ensure the less conservatism of the result without increasing the number of decision variables. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, two kinds are real-time systems are taken into account, one is nonlinear mass-spring-damper model, followed by an industrial example, say, surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor model. The corresponding simulation results show the superiority of the proposed results over the existing works.

This study aims to investigate the synchronization of user-controlled and uncontrolled neural networks (NNs) that exhibit chaotic solutions. The idea behind focusing on synchronization problems is to design the user-desired NNs by emulating the dynamical properties of traditional NNs rather than redefining them. Besides, instead of conventional NNs, this study considers NNs with significant factors such as time-dependent delays and uncertainties in the neural coefficients. In addition, information transmission over transmission may experience stochastic disturbances and network transmission. These factors will result in a stochastic differential NN model. Analyzing the NNs without these factors may be incompatible during the implementation. Theoretically, the model with stochastic disturbances can be considered a stochastic differential model, and the stability conditions are derived by employing It ∧o 's formula and appropriate integral inequalities. To achieve synchronization, the sampled-data-based control scheme is proposed because it is more effective while information is being transmitted over networks. In contrast to the existing studies, this study contributes in terms of handling stochastic disturbances, effects of time-varying delays, and uncertainties in the system parameters via looped-type Lyapunov functional. Besides this, in the application view, delayed NNs are employed as a cryptosystem that helps to secure the transmission between the sender and the receiver, which is explored by illustrating the statistical measures evaluated for the standard images. From the simulation results, the proposed control and derived sufficient conditions can provide better synchronization and the proposed delayed NNs give a better cryptosystem.

The main aim of this article is to design the observer-based event-triggered (ET) fuzzy integral sliding mode control (ETFISMC) for the generalized Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy system which is formulated from a nonlinear system through blending the membership grades altogether. Distinct to the existing controller schemes, the proposed fuzzy integral sliding mode control (FISMC) scheme contains the ET condition which needs to be satisfied for the activation of the controller. Besides that, the network-induced communication constraints are considered into the derivation of sufficient conditions, and then the corresponding stabilization issue is attenuated in the sense of $H_{\infty }$ control performance. In addition, the appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) candidate is constructed and evaluated through convex matrix inequality approach that ensures the stable $H_{\infty }$ performance of the closed-loop system in terms of solvable linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Further, instead of considering the general problem for the validation of the proposed result, the stabilization problem of nonlinear chaotic permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) model is taken into account for the validation of the proposed sufficient conditions. The purpose of considering the PMSG model is because of its significance in the wind energy conversion systems.

The effectiveness of propofol infusion on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is poorly understood in relation to various patient and procedure characteristics. This retrospective cohort study aimed to quantify the effectiveness of propofol infusion when administered either via total intravenous administration (TIVA) or combined intravenous anesthesia (CIVA) with inhalational agents on PONV. The relationship between propofol infusion and PONV was characterized controlling for patient demographics, procedure characteristics, PONV risk factors, and antiemetic drugs in adult patients (age ≥18 years) undergoing general anesthesia. Learned coefficients from multivariate regression models were reported as "lift" which represents the percentage change in the base likelihood of observing PONV if a variable is present versus absent. In a total of 41,490 patients, models showed that propofol infusion has a naive effect on PONV with a lift of -41% (

The objective of the study is to design the fuzzy-based integral sliding mode control, which resolves the stability issues of multi-area interconnected power systems (MAIPS) integrated with wind farm (WF) involving the delays. The contribution can be categorized into two sections. Firstly, the dynamical characteristics of the power system are acquired various factors such as output from the wind generator, the existence of time-delays. The derived model becomes nonlinear due to WF integration and complications occur during the stability analysis. In such a situation, the Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy approach is employed to approximate the nonlinear model into linear sub-models. However, the nonlinearities of WF can be linearized at a certain operating point which does not ensure the accuracy of the model. Secondly, to ensure stable performance, the suitable controller scheme becomes necessary and different types of control algorithms are available in the literature for the conventional power system model. This study focuses on designing the controller that copes with the T-S fuzzy model. We design a fuzzy-based integral sliding mode load frequency control (FISMLFC) controller and theoretically validate their performance by utilizing the Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Further, two-area MAIPS is simulated under the experimental values and their results are provided.

The main concern of this paper is to address the synchronization problem of chaotic fractional-order fuzzy cellular neural networks (FOFCNNs) through designing the novel adaptive control scheme. The objective of the study is to explore the importance of considering fractional order derivatives (FODs) and time-varying delays. Even though numerous works have been reported in the literature regarding the derivation of sufficient conditions, there has been a lack of research on involving the dynamical analysis of FOFCNNs. Hence, this study focuses on the dynamical analysis of FOFCNNs. Particularly, both asymptotical and exponential synchronization of drive-response FOFCNN model is guaranteed via sufficient conditions that are derived by constructing the fractional Lyapunov functional candidate and solvable linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Besides that, numerical simulations are performed to reveal the significance of the FODs. Also, an image encryption algorithm is designed based on the chaotic FOFCNNs solutions that result in better security measures. In summary, the overall contribution of the study is categorized into two: (1) sufficient conditions which ensure the global asymptotic and exponential stability are derived in a novel manner; (2) an image encryption algorithm is proposed by considering the FOFCNN as pseudo-random number generator (PRNG), which outperforms the existing encryption algorithms.

The availability of digital platforms enabled the much needed continuity in teaching–learning during challenging pandemic conditions. This research paper explores the different factors that determine the outcome of online teaching–learning process and the shortcomings faced by the key stakeholders. The impact of identified factors affecting online education on students enrolled for different courses is studied. This study provides valuable inputs to the teaching fraternity in understanding the student’s opinion on various routine issues faced in online methodology. The student-centric factors like overall study engagement, attentiveness and attitude of the students towards online classes is also found and this would contribute in enhancing the quality of teaching–learning. Most surveyed students have expressed satisfaction with the present mode of studies due to persisting lockdown conditions forced due to COVID-19. The students have shown preference towards blended learning in coming times when normal teaching in classrooms resumes. The findings of the study are based on sample comprising of 646 students from science, management, commerce, engineering, agriculture, law, humanities and fine arts. The interface factors including hardware, software and Internet are found to be extremely important along with the students and teacher in this mode of teaching.

We show microstructural segregation in oxide containing [Co/Pt]n superlattice films with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for application in advanced high-density magnetic recording media. By adding optimized mixtures of oxides into the Co and Pt layers of the superlattice, films with columnar grains, ~8nm grain pitch (GP), σGP/ ~17% and controlled intergranular exchange are demonstrated. The magnetic, microstructural and crystal properties of these films were investigated as a function of Pt thickness and oxide content.

Recent literature highlights the potential of infrastructures for peace for peacebuilding and violence prevention. An increasing number of studies examine cases of infrastructures for peace, yet little is known about the services individuals actually use when facing conflict. This study investigates local agency in the context of infrastructures for peace in Nepal. Adopting a quantitative approach, we explore the relationship between use of third party support for dealing with conflict (‘peace services’) and individual experiences of peace and violence. Results show that the more respondents reported use of services that actively engage their recipients in dealing with their conflicts, such as mediation, the more peace they experienced in different dimensions of their lives and the lower their propensity for violence was. In contrast, the more respondents reported use of services that require only passive involvement and do not directly focus on the conflict at hand, such as sharing information, the less intrapersonal and intercommunity peace they experienced and the higher their propensity for violence was. Encouraging the use of active peace services could allow more people to enjoy their benefits and ultimately prevent violence and strengthen peace. Future research could further explore the linkages between everyday use of third party support and people's experience of peace and violent behaviour, including direction of effect.

Additional file 4. List of downregulated genes related to spermatogenesis and sperm function in crossbred bulls

Additional file 1. Top 10 abundant transcripts in bovine testis

Additional file 7. List of genes involved in upregulated and downregulated pathways related to spermatogenesis and sperm function in crossbred testis

Additional file 8. List of genes selected for real time expression analysis

The main concern of this paper is to design the efficient sampled-data controller scheme that resolves the stabilization issue of a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). Distinct to the existing controller schemes on WECS, the present scheme contains both continuous (plant) and discrete (control) type of signals which outperforms the traditional scheme with continuous or discrete signals. Besides that the fundamental analysis of the closed-loop system under the designed controllers explore the dynamical characteristics of the considered PMSG-based WECS. The stability and stabilization of the proposed closed-loop system have guaranteed through the Lyapunov stability theory and solvable linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In detail, first, the nonlinear PMSG model has equivalently expressed into linear submodels via the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy approach based on suitable membership rules. Second, the sufficient conditions have been derived as LMIs that ensure the stability and stabilization of the formulated T–S fuzzy PMSG-based WECS. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed controller as well as the consistency of sufficient conditions has demonstrated through numerical evaluations of the closed-loop system.