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592 results on '"Prakken, Henry"'

4. Explaining Model Behavior with Global Causal Analysis

Author

Robeer, Marcel, Bex, Floris, Feelders, Ad, Prakken, Henry, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, and Longo, Luca, editor

Published
2023
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6. A Comparative Study of Some Central Notions of ASPIC+ and DeLP

Author

Garcia, Alejandro J., Prakken, Henry, and Simari, Guillermo R.

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

This paper formally compares some central notions from two well-known formalisms for rule-based argumentation, DeLP and ASPIC+. The comparisons especially focus on intuitive adequacy and inter-translatability, consistency, and closure properties. As for differences in the definitions of arguments and attack, it turns out that DeLP's definitions are intuitively appealing but that they may not fully comply with Caminada and Amgoud's rationality postulates of strict closure and indirect consistency. For some special cases, the DeLP definitions are shown to fare better than ASPIC+. Next, it is argued that there are reasons to consider a variant of DeLP with grounded semantics, since in some examples its current notion of warrant arguably has counterintuitive consequences and may lead to sets of warranted arguments that are not admissible. Finally, under some minimality and consistency assumptions on ASPIC+ arguments, a one-to-many correspondence between ASPIC+ arguments and DeLP arguments is identified in such a way that if the DeLP warranting procedure is changed to grounded semantics, then DeLP notion of warrant and ASPIC+'s notion of justification are equivalent. This result is proven for three alternative definitions of attack., Comment: To appear in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP). In the second uploaded version a small typo was corrected in Example 8

Published
2019

8. A General Account of Argumentation with Preferences

Author

Modgil, Sanjay and Prakken, Henry

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

This paper builds on the recent ASPIC+ formalism, to develop a general framework for argumentation with preferences. We motivate a revised definition of conflict free sets of arguments, adapt ASPIC+ to accommodate a broader range of instantiating logics, and show that under some assumptions, the resulting framework satisfies key properties and rationality postulates. We then show that the generalised framework accommodates Tarskian logic instantiations extended with preferences, and then study instantiations of the framework by classical logic approaches to argumentation. We conclude by arguing that ASPIC+'s modelling of defeasible inference rules further testifies to the generality of the framework, and then examine and counter recent critiques of Dung's framework and its extensions to accommodate preferences., Comment: This paper contains correction to errors in the original paper which appears in the journal Artificial Intelligence

Published
2018

12. Philosophical Reflections on Argument Strength and Gradual Acceptability

Author

Prakken, Henry, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Vejnarová, Jiřina, editor, and Wilson, Nic, editor

Published
2021
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17. Constructing Bayesian Network Graphs from Labeled Arguments

Author

Wieten, Remi, Bex, Floris, Prakken, Henry, Renooij, Silja, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Kern-Isberner, Gabriele, editor, and Ognjanović, Zoran, editor

Published
2019
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21. Refining a Heuristic for Constructing Bayesian Networks from Structured Arguments

Author

Wieten, Remi, Bex, Floris, van der Gaag, Linda C., Prakken, Henry, Renooij, Silja, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Series Editor, Chen, Phoebe, Series Editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series Editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series Editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series Editor, Washio, Takashi, Series Editor, Yuan, Junsong, Series Editor, Zhou, Lizhu, Series Editor, Verheij, Bart, editor, and Wiering, Marco, editor

Published
2018
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22. Argument

Author

Prakken, Henry, Hansson, Sven Ove, editor, and Hendricks, Vincent F., editor

Published
2018
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25. On Relating Abstract and Structured Probabilistic Argumentation: A Case Study

Author

Prakken, Henry, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Antonucci, Alessandro, editor, Cholvy, Laurence, editor, and Papini, Odile, editor

Published
2017
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26. Intuitions and the modelling of defeasible reasoning: some case studies

Author

Prakken, Henry

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, I.2.3
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to address some criticisms recently raised by John Horty in two articles against the validity of two commonly accepted defeasible reasoning patterns, viz. reinstatement and floating conclusions. I shall argue that Horty's counterexamples, although they significantly raise our understanding of these reasoning patterns, do not show their invalidity. Some of them reflect patterns which, if made explicit in the formalisation, avoid the unwanted inference without having to give up the criticised inference principles. Other examples seem to involve hidden assumptions about the specific problem which, if made explicit, are nothing but extra information that defeat the defeasible inference. These considerations will be put in a wider perspective by reflecting on the nature of defeasible reasoning principles as principles of justified acceptance rather than `real' logical inference., Comment: Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning (NMR'2002), Toulouse, France, April 19-21, 2002

Published
2002

33. Explaining Bayesian Networks Using Argumentation

Author

Timmer, Sjoerd T., Meyer, John-Jules Ch., Prakken, Henry, Renooij, Silja, Verheij, Bart, Goebel, Randy, Series editor, Tanaka, Yuzuru, Series editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, Series editor, Destercke, Sébastien, editor, and Denoeux, Thierry, editor

Published
2015
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34. A top-level model of case-based argumentation for explanation: Formalisation and experiments

Author

Prakken, Henry, Ratsma, Rosa, Sub Intelligent Systems, and Intelligent Systems

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, Explaining machine learning, Computer science, 06 humanities and the arts, 02 engineering and technology, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, Computer Science Applications, Epistemology, Argumentation theory, Computational Mathematics, Case-based reasoning, Artificial Intelligence, Argumentation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 060301 applied ethics
Abstract

This paper proposes a formal top-level model of explaining the outputs of machine-learning-based decision-making applications and evaluates it experimentally with three data sets. The model draws on AI & law research on argumentation with cases, which models how lawyers draw analogies to past cases and discuss their relevant similarities and differences in terms of relevant factors and dimensions in the problem domain. A case-based approach is natural since the input data of machine-learning applications can be seen as cases. While the approach is motivated by legal decision making, it also applies to other kinds of decision making, such as commercial decisions about loan applications or employee hiring, as long as the outcome is binary and the input conforms to this paper’s factor- or dimension format. The model is top-level in that it can be extended with more refined accounts of similarities and differences between cases. It is shown to overcome several limitations of similar argumentation-based explanation models, which only have binary features and do not represent the tendency of features towards particular outcomes. The results of the experimental evaluation studies indicate that the model may be feasible in practice, but that further development and experimentation is needed to confirm its usefulness as an explanation model. Main challenges here are selecting from a large number of possible explanations, reducing the number of features in the explanations and adding more meaningful information to them. It also remains to be investigated how suitable our approach is for explaining non-linear models.

Published
2022

36. Hierarchical precedential constraint

Author

Van Woerkom, Wijnand, Grossi, Davide, Prakken, Henry, Verheij, Bart, Transboundary Legal Studies, and Artificial Intelligence

Published
2023

37. On Floating Conclusions

Author

Schuster, Daniela, Broersen, Jan, and Prakken, Henry

Subjects
ddc:100, Defeasible Reasoning, Skeptical Reasoning, Floating Conclusions
Abstract

When there are two lines of argument that contradict each other but still end up with the same conclusion, this conclusion is called a floating conclusion. It is an open topic in skeptical defeasible reasoning if floating conclusions ought to be accepted. Interestingly, the answer seems to be changing for different examples. In this paper, we propose a solution for explaining the different treatments of the floating conclusion in the various examples from the literature. We collect the examples from the literature, extend them with additional examples and test various hypotheses for explaining the difference by means of the examples. We will argue for a framework that accepts a floating conclusion by default but allows for reasons to deviate from the default in order to reject it. These reasons nicely explain the different underlying patterns of our intuitions. published

Published
2023

43. Risk Assessment as an Argumentation Game

Author

Prakken, Henry, Ionita, Dan, Wieringa, Roel, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Leite, João, editor, Son, Tran Cao, editor, Torroni, Paolo, editor, van der Torre, Leon, editor, and Woltran, Stefan, editor

Published
2013
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44. A Methodology for the Generation of Multi-agent Argumentation Dialogue Scenarios

Author

Kok, Eric M., Meyer, John-Jules Ch., van Oostendorp, Herre, Prakken, Henry, Vreeswijk, Gerard A. W., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Cossentino, Massimo, editor, Kaisers, Michael, editor, Tuyls, Karl, editor, and Weiss, Gerhard, editor

Published
2012
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45. Some Reflections on Two Current Trends in Formal Argumentation

Author

Prakken, Henry, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Artikis, Alexander, editor, Craven, Robert, editor, Kesim Çiçekli, Nihan, editor, Sadighi, Babak, editor, and Stathis, Kostas, editor

Published
2012
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46. A Formal Argumentation Framework for Deliberation Dialogues

Author

Kok, Eric M., Meyer, John-Jules Ch., Prakken, Henry, Vreeswijk, Gerard A. W., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, McBurney, Peter, editor, Rahwan, Iyad, editor, and Parsons, Simon, editor

Published
2011
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47. Arguing about the existence of conflicts

Author

Pisano, Giuseppe, Calegari, Roberta, Prakken, Henry, Sartor, Giovanni, Toni, Francesca, Polberg, Sylwia, Booth, Richard, Caminada, Martin, Kido, Hiroyuki, Sub Intelligent Systems, and Intelligent Systems

Subjects
argumentation, Artificial Intelligence, ASPIC+, meta-Argumentation
Abstract

In this paper we formalise a meta-argumentation framework as an ASPIC+ extension which enables reasoning about conflicts between formulae of the argumentation language. The result is a standard abstract argumentation framework that can be evaluated via grounded semantics.

Published
2022

48. Formalising an aspect of argument strength: degrees of attackability

Author

Prakken, Henry, Toni, Francesca, Polberg, Sylwia, Booth, Richard, Caminada, Martin, Kido, Hiroyuki, Sub Intelligent Systems, and Intelligent Systems

Subjects
Dialectical argument strength, Structure of arguments, Nature of attack
Abstract

This paper formally studies a notion of dialectical argument strength in terms of the number of ways in which an argument can be successfully attacked in expansions of an abstract argumentation framework. The proposed model is abstract but its design is motivated by the wish to avoid overly limiting assumptions that may not hold in particular dialogue contexts or in particular structured accounts of argumentation. It is shown that most principles for gradual argument acceptability proposed in the literature fail to hold for the proposed notion of dialectical strength, which clarifies their rational foundations and highlights the importance of distinguishing between logical, dialectical and rhetorical argument strength.

Published
2022

49. Personality-Based Practical Reasoning

Author

van der Weide, Thomas L., Dignum, Frank, Meyer, John-Jules Ch., Prakken, Henry, Vreeswijk, Gerard A. W., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, Rahwan, Iyad, editor, and Moraitis, Pavlos, editor

Published
2009
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