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Enterprise Architecture (EA) is now indispensable for organizations to manage their business operations, data, infrastructure, and ICT systems. Sugarcane agriculture, using EA, is crucial for augmenting production efficiency for both sugarcane cultivators and researchers. Nevertheless, the sector faces considerable challenges in adopting EA, such as incomplete implementation, insufficient knowledge of technological advancements, suboptimal usability of architectural frameworks, lack of proper documentation, and slow service delivery. Additionally, there is no clear standardization for operating procedures. Some research has tried to tackle these challenges but often fails to systematically outline the steps and requirements for designing an enterprise architecture for SSA. This study aims to utilize EA for the Smart Sugarcane-Agriculture system, emphasizing the unique characteristics of agricultural fields. This research has developed a comprehensive EA model by employing the Zachman Framework (ZF) as an Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) methodology. The outputs include mapping the EA model, a list and classification of critical success factors, an EA service and information, a solution concept diagram, and an EA business process modelling to develop SSA. This research helps identify and select the appropriate EA framework for Smart Sugarcane Agriculture, assisting local governments and stakeholders in prioritizing critical factors in developing SSA EA.

This study investigated the texture evolution of bainitic steel samples processed from lateritic nickel ores with varying heat treatment times. The samples were austenitized, air-cooled, and subjected to bainitic heat treatment at 532°C for 15 and 30 minutes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the sample treated at 532°C for 15 minutes, developed bainitic plates within the austenitic matrix due to the relatively rapid air cooling. Conversely, the sample, heat-treated at 532°C for 30 minutes, exhibited a combination of bainitic and pearlitic microstructures. Neutron diffraction analysis using software showed moderate-to-weak textures in both samples, indicating dislocation polygonization resulting from prolonged heat treatment. The results suggest that further research is needed to investigate the texture evolution of bainitic steels from nickel lateritic ores after plastic deformation. This work contributes to understanding the microstructural characteristics of bainitic steel derived from nickel lateritic ores, which may have significant implications for the production and application of these steels in the future.

Internet of Things (IoT) has become an increasingly important technology in Agriculture, has revolutionized the agricultural industry by providing farmers with real-time data on crop yields, soil moisture, and weather patterns. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in Scopus-based research on Internet of Things for Smart Agriculture over the last decade (2013-2022). A rigorous search method was used to identify IoT-related research publications in the Scopus database from 2013 to 2022. The study also identified research collaborations between various institutions, and countries and noted leading research contributions in this field. The top authors in this field are Kamienski, C., Suciu, G., and Debauche, O., while the top institutions are Vellore Institute of Technology, Universidade Federal do ABC, and Chandigarh University. The India, China, and United States were the most productive countries, with 356, 110, and 59 articles. The results of network visualization using VOSviewer found that there were 4 clusters based on their respective colours. The results of this study have the potential to provide valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, politicians, and funding organizations seeking to gain a comprehensive grasp of the current trends and objectives within this particular subject. The authors and institutions selected as the top performers in this study can provide excellent opportunities for cooperation and facilitate the acquisition of up-to-date knowledge in Smart Agriculture.

Inventory control is important in managerial activities because it involves investment and is hospitals' most significant expenditure component. The Aisyiyah Bojonegoro Hospital requires a logistics management system that can maintain the safety and effectiveness of the use of drugs for the smooth running of hospital pharmaceutical services in the long term. This analytical observational study analyzes management elements in controlling antibiotic inventory by simulating the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Minimum-Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) methods. Determination of the sample purposively, i.e., 17 types of antibiotic drugs category A from the results of the ABC analysis, with the inclusion criteria being high cost, high volume, clinically important drugs for antibiotic drugs that are included in the 2020 Hospital Formulary and the exclusion criteria are drugs with inadequate supply. The analysis technique used the Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that. Applying the EOQ and MMSL methods has been proven to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply of category A antibiotics at Aisyiyah Hospital, Bojonegoro.

Yongjian Xu,1 Yiting Zhou,1 Andi Pramono,2 Yazhuo Liu,1 Cong Jia1 1School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 2Community and Aged Care Services, Hunter New EnglAnd Health, NSW, AustraliaCorrespondence: Yongjian Xu, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8618202985437, Email xyjdyx@126.comPurpose: The Chinese government has carried out two major cycles of reform to improve the health system and reduce the disease burden on residents. This study aims to comprehensively track the trends in the occurrence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and its inequality in the past 25 years, which may help better understand the influence of health system reforms on CHE and its inequality.Methods: The study employed the subset of data from China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted from 1991 to 2015. Health payments and net household income were used to calculate CHE. Concentration index and decomposition analysis were used to measure the magnitude of income-related inequality in CHE and decompose it into determinants, respectively.Results: The incidence of CHE in China increased from 3.10% in 1993 to 8.90% in 2004 and still maintained at a high level in the following years. The incidence gap of CHE between the richest and poorest became increasingly wider over year. Moreover, the values of adjusted concentration indexes were all negative in each year, decreasing from − 0.202 in 1991 to − 0.613 in 2015. Income was consistently the largest contributor to the inequality in CHE. The basic medical insurance did not decrease the incidence of CHE and showed the second largest contribution on its inequality before 2004. However, this contribution began to decline after 2006.Conclusion: After the New Health Care Reform, despite many measures taken by the Chinese government, there was still a high incidence of CHE and an increasing inequality from 1991 to 2015. The basic medical insurance in China was not enough to protect households from CHE. The use of big data tools and techniques to effectively screen the poor households, and strengthening the social medical aid system would be helpful to decrease the inequality in CHE.Keywords: catastrophic health expenditure, income-related inequality, concentration index, multilevel model

Achmad Headriawan,1 Alvinsyah Adhityo Pramono,2 Abdurachman Sukadi,1 Alex Chairulfatah,1 Ani Melani Maskoen,2,3 Heda Melinda Nataprawira1 1Department of Child Health; 2Research Center of Medical Genetics; 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Heda Melinda NataprawiraDepartment of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Pasteur No. 38, Bandung, 40161, IndonesiaTel +62811229294Email heda_1155@yahoo.comBackground: As pediatric tuberculosis (TB) globally is still reported challenging in diagnosis, to date, a lot of efforts have been established to eliminate the disease including proper treatment regimen using anti-TB drugs. However, antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ADIH) is known to interfere the success of the prescribed therapy. ADIH was found to be correlated with polymorphisms of NAT2 gene, that is responsible to transcript the NAT2 enzyme, a metabolizer of isoniazid (INH). The most common NAT2 gene polymorphisms in Asian population associated with ADIH are rs1041983, rs1799929, rs1799930 and rs1799931. The study aimed to investigate the 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pediatric TB that experienced ADIH.Methods: We conducted a case–control study comparing 31 each of pediatric TB experience with and without ADIH. All pediatric TB was selected from 451 pediatric TB Registry of Respirology Division, Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital during January 2016 to July 2018. Genomic DNA PCR and sequencing to identify polymorphisms of rs1041983, rs1799929, rs1799930 and rs1799931 were performed in both groups. Data analysis was performed using the Epi info Ver. 7 software.Results: Thirty-one pediatric TB experiences with and without ADIH were enrolled in this study. SNP rs1041983 significantly affected the occurrence of ADIH (OR 2.39, CI 95% (1.15– 4.96), p=0.019). The rs1799929, rs1799930 and rs1799931 did not significantly affect the occurrence of ADIH (p=0.133, p=0.150 and p=0.659, respectively).Conclusion: Polymorphism SNP rs1041983 had association with the occurrence of ADIH.Keywords: NAT2 polymorphism, ADIH, children

Management waste in developing countries is causing environmental concerns, particularly food waste. The study explores the use of the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) in managing organic waste and food waste in the business of Mega Maggot. The research aims to promote BSF as a potential and economical alternative to recycling biological waste. The study also discusses the challenges faced in changing the traditional feed model for maggot production, which relies on factory-made or subsidized feed. The authors utilized the Classic Life Cycle to create Mega Maggot’s website, a sequential software development process that minimizes errors and allows for easy modifications during testing. This method ensures accurate results and publishability. The author created a prototype website for Mega Maggot, serving as an informative learning media and purchasing platform for products and services. Activity diagrams on this website illustrate users as companies, individuals, and agents. This website offers a user-friendly interface with an earth-tone base color and sufficient fonts. Users can perform various activities, including purchasing menus and accounts. The Mega Academy offers three programs: Mega classes, workshops, and visits, focusing on waste management, organic waste management, and BSF breeding. The company also provides products like fresh, dried, and organic fertilizers.

Farming land in Malang City is getting more limited because several agricultural areas have changed their function to housing or commercial areas such as cafes. Pion Hidrofarm, a startup company in Malang City, demonstrated how to use this hydroponic technique to save land by arranging it vertically and on narrow land. This research aims to make a simple prototype in the form of a tool that can monitor the pH of water nutrients. In addition, this device will also neutralize the pH of the water automatically. The method used in this research is a single case study using a design thinking approach. The author studied literature from various sources as secondary data to support the research. Four stages have been carried out, starting from learning the concept of hydroponic growing media to buying model “A” hydroponic media with 180 planting holes. The fifth stage currently being researched is monitoring the pH of the water. In addition, this tool also functions to neutralize the pH of the water automatically if there is a pH swing with a value above or below the threshold. If automatic neutralization cannot run for some time, it will notify the farmer for manual action.

— Café is a retail F&B place for eating and drinking fast food and presenting a relaxed or informal atmosphere. Café, which is a public space where customers spend time, of course, must maintain ventilation in the café to ensure the customer’s thermal comfort. For this reason, paying attention to air circulation in the cafe is essential. The author takes the ice cream cafe in Malang as the case study object in this case study research. This research focuses on ventilation on the first floor of the café. After making observations, it was found that the air circulation in the cafe is not smooth and limited because of the closed space. Despite having two air conditioners running, the restaurant’s atmosphere started to feel limiting as the survey was being conducted. The lack of ventilation in this enclosed room further reduces the café’s thermal comfort. To solve this problem, the author provides a solution for implementing cross-circulation by adding windows to the front and back of the café to maximize air circulation and using an exhaust fan in the café kitchen to maintain air quality. So with this, it can guarantee the thermal comfort of customers at this cafe.

The window is one of the most important aspects of a building. It aims to obtain good lighting and meet the requirements for Indoor Air Quality. A restroom is a place where most surfaces are wet, and it causes the relative humidity to become high. As a result, lighting must be considered in this space. The men’s toilet on the second floor of the Bina Nusantara University campus in Malang is the subject of this research. Interviews with building operators, cleaners and firsthand surveys of the location were also undertaken. The author used the results of interviews to help specify the ventilation system. The author utilizes a lux meter to measure the lighting layout. According to the findings, this toilet uses mechanical ventilation in the form of an exhaust fan. On the other hand, this area employs downlights that meet lighting standards in terms of brightness and color temperature selection in the artificial lighting system. In the current situation, there is a shortage of energy efficiency. As a result, this study offers a method for preserving electrical energy. This study uses an Arduino Mega and several sensors to help automate the operation of these electrical devices.

Candi Kidal is one of the most important cultural heritages especially in Malang Raya. Candi Kidal is a relic of Singasari Kingdom that has uniqueness in its relief characteristics, namely the emblem of medallion ornaments and Garudeya reliefs. In fact, not everyone, especially the people of Malang Raya, knows the uniqueness of the relief of Candi Kidal. There are many ways to preserve cultural heritage, one of which is to apply this relief ornament on interior accessories products. In the process of making a product, it is necessary to make a prototype product manufacturing process to find out the advantages and disadvantages of the design. The research method used in making designs is with design thinking. The main purpose of choosing this method is to find out the initial problem, create ideas, and make prototypes. In the manufacturing process it is done by visually optimizing the design with 3D software and is made with precision with 3D printing. The results of this research are a study of the process of making prototypes of interior accessories products with Malang locality, namely ornaments from Kidal Temple.

Candi Kidal represents a cultural heritage structure that should be preserved. This temple structure is similar to the other temples in that it contains a foot section (Bhurloka), a body part (Bhuvarloka), and a summit portion (Swarloka). Some reliefs are read on the body using the Prasawya technique, and a story about the loyalty of a child named Garudeya to his mother, Winata, will appear. The story of a son freeing his mother from slavery is analogous to the Indonesian people's battle for freedom from Dutch colonialism. This study intends to introduce Garudeya's intangible reliefs at Candi Kidal and explain the moral message they embody. The Garudeya relief found in the Candi Kidal will be re-displayed on a sitting lamp as part of this research. The author did a site survey, interviews, questionnaires, and a literature review in this study. The author used the ATUMICS approach to create a prototype in the form of a sitting lamp, which aids in transforming traditions into contemporary contexts. The main focus of this study is on the concept of form, which is the transformation of Candi Kidal's silhouette into the shape of a sitting lamp. Furthermore, the lithophane technique, which converts a photograph into a 3D relief, is used on the body of the sitting lamp. As a result, the relief seen on Candi Kidal's body can be reproduced on the sitting lamp's body.

In the contemporary educational milieu, blended learning (BL) has emerged as a pivotal modality, especially amidst the global shift towards digitalization. This research aimed to scrutinize the acceptance levels and influential factors of BL among administrators, teachers, and students within Thai primary education, employing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a theoretical framework. Through a methodological lens involving quantitative data collection and analysis, the study unveiled a significant divergence in BL acceptance levels across the participant groups, with administrators and teachers showcasing higher acceptance compared to students. Notably, perceived enjoyment emerged as a crucial factor influencing BL acceptance across all groups, aligning with extant literature. The findings underscore the necessity to enhance BL acceptance among students, potentially through strategies that amplify perceived usefulness and enjoyment. The study contributes to the burgeoning literature on BL, providing insights that could inform the development and implementation of BL strategies in primary education, particularly in contexts similar to Thailand. Future research avenues include exploring additional variables influencing BL acceptance and devising targeted interventions to enhance student acceptance and engagement with BL.

Computational thinking (CT) skills are essential with the rapid advancement of technology. Developing CT attitudes in students is also required for improving CT skills. On the other hand, science process skills are also emphasized in high school physics classes. This study aims to design and implement collaborative modeling-based learning for high school physics classes that stimulates computational thinking (CT) and science process skills. The learning activities use a collaborative approach and adapt the modeling process that scientists usually use. A pilot study in a high school physics course was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of collaborative modeling-based learning. The research instruments used in this study include a test for assessing theoretical understanding, an observational rubric for assessing science process skills and a self report checklist to assess CT dispositions. A pre-and post-test design is employed in the pilot study. Eighty-nine students participated in this study. Students who participated in collaborative modeling-based learning gained a theoretical understanding. Moreover, they have excellent science process skills. According to the self-report checklist, students also demonstrated positive CT attitudes and indicated that they planned to apply CT aspects to their learning. It indicates that the modeling process has engaged students to think computationally and develop their process skills.

API 5L-X65 steel is the type of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel, widely used in the manufacture of pipe. Submerged arc welding (SAW) is widely used for the fabrication of the pipe, the extent of use submerged arc welding caused it could be done automatically and high reliability. The results of the welding process will lead to differences and changes in the microstructure in heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal that will affect the mechanical properties of the output, so as to obtain good welding results required the selection of welding parameters accordingly. As the use of the heat input during welding is very important influence on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the weld. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of heat input on the microstructure, hardness and toughness of welds in submerged arc welding. Welding currents used were 200, 300, 400 and 500 Ampere with a voltage were used 25, 27 and 30 Volt. The results showed that the higher heat input will result in a growing area of HAZ region width and grain size increased. Highest hardness values are the results of the weld heat input with a low of 244.69 HVN caused by the rapid cooling rate of the weld area. The highest toughness values are the results of the highest heat input that was dominated by acicular ferrite phase.

Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) is widely used as a reporter gene, aiding in protein recovery and transduction studies. In this study, EGFP was tagged with eleven arginine residues (PolyR) and six histidine residues (His-tag) for purification. The aim was to enhance the synthesis of EGFP-PolyR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and evaluate the effects of polyarginine modification on protein stability and expression levels. The expression of EGFP and EGFP-PolyR in S. cerevisiae was assessed through fluorescence measurements and protein levels. Structural analyses were conducted using in silico tools to investigate changes in beta strands and helices, which were validated through Western blots. Results showed that EGFP-PolyR maintained similar fluorescence levels to EGFP, but with notable structural changes. EGFP-PolyR's final beta strand terminates at Ala228, compared to Gly229 in EGFP, affecting the beta sheet's stability. Structural modifications also included altered helix lengths, with a longer helix 10 and shorter helix 9 in EGFP-PolyR. These alterations, along with shifts in helix-helix interactions, contribute to destabilization. Additionally, EGFP-PolyR exhibited unique gamma coils absent in EGFP, further differentiating its structure. The structural changes led to decreased protein expression and solubility, as indicated by Western blot analysis, with EGFP-PolyR showing significantly lower expression levels. The findings suggest that EGFP-PolyR is prone to aggregation and misfolding, characteristics often associated with aggregation-prone proteins.In conclusion, the polyarginine modification significantly impacts the structural integrity, stability, and solubility of EGFP. While fluorescence is retained, these changes hinder protein detectability and purification, highlighting the importance of considering structural alterations when modifying reporter proteins for experimental use.

This study aims to analyze the performance of school principals during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also aims to analyze the effect of principal's performance, teacher competence and school climate on teacher's performance. In addition, this paper investigates the mediating role of teacher competence and school climate on the relationship of principal's performance and teacher's performance. The sample in this study was schoolteachers in Central Java. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The research respondents were 200 public and private teachers consisting of elementary, junior high, and senior high school teachers. The data collection method used was questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed online via google forms. The data analysis method used was path analysis. The results showed that the principal's performance was in the good category in terms of five dimensions (managerial, supervision, entrepreneurship, social, and personality). The principal's performance significantly influences the teacher's performance. The principal's performance is also a significant determinant of school climate, although it has not been proven to significantly influence teacher competence. Other results indicate that school climate and teacher competence are significant determinants of teacher performance. School climate and teacher competence have a mediating role in the relationship between principal's performance and teacher performance. The implication of this research is the importance of improving the performance of school principals during the pandemic because it will be able to significantly determine the school climate and teacher's performance. Strengthening the performance of school principals can be done by providing regular direction and monitoring by authorized parties such as school supervisors, education offices, and other officials.

Composites a material was developed to replace metal and alloys, because of the properties such as light weight and unique mechanical properties. Processing of aluminum-based composites has been developing by new manufacturing technology, namely severe plastic deformation (SPD), to produce unique of mechanical properties. Some of the methods used are; equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and multi-axial forging (MAF). The results of some of these methods were compared with the latest method of new SPD, namely: repetitive press roll forming (RPRF). Based on grain morphology and mechanical properties, the result of RPRF has superior to another method. The properties produced by SPD technology was varies, the highest of hardness produced by RPRF process was 88 HV10, ECAP produced 65 HV10, MAF was 46 HV10 and ARB reached 50 HV10. While the highest of tensile strength produced by MAF was 237 MPa while the RPRF process just only around 147 MPa, but the ultrafine grains just only produced by RPRF method which is 0.9 μm, compared to other methods: MAF 1.2 μm, ECAP 5.7 μm and ARB is not so far with MAF that is equal to 1.4 μm. The RPRF process can be recommended for the interest of the aluminum-based composite materials processing industry. Because currently some component product by industries have been substituted from metal alloy materials to metal-based composites.

Clay bricks are the most important engineering materials that can influence the quality of the construction. The quality control of the clay bricks is of prime importance to improve the quality of engineering construction. The qualities of bricks for construction applications should be checked for various types of inspection services. In this article, our inspection service was focused on compression strength test on bricks to determine their mechanical resistance and suitability for construction work. The accurate method for clay brick's production measurements has been elaborated using uniaxial compressive strength testing machine. The method was tested for a rectangular clay brick manufactured with size approximately 250 mm × 250 mm × 200 mm. The measurement method and standard uncertainty estimation of uniaxial compressive strength are briefly described in this article.

Background Patients with Metastatic Bone Disease (MBD) often present with complaints of pain and multiple osteolytic lesions findings. Remarkably, 30% of these cases exhibit an undetected primary lesion. Hence, categorizing them as MBD of unknown origin. The diagnostic processes of patients with MBD of unknown origin typically takes up to four months, rendering it as a catastrophic disease with the second-highest financial burden. Given its urgency, it is necessary to develop a evidence-based consensus for managing cases of MBD with an unknown origin. Purpose This study aimed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of treating patients with MBD of unknown origin through the application of the INA-MBD algorithm. Research method A quasi-experimental study with a pretest and post-test design was conducted with a total of 128 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were consecutively enrolled and categorized into two groups: the intervention group with the INA-MBD algorithm and the non-intervention group without the INA-MBD algorithm. The primary outcomes were the cost and time to diagnose MBD of unknown origin. The proposed measuring tool was the INA-MBD algorithm. Furthermore, for the cost-to-diagnosis variable, an extra measurement tool was used, which were summaries of the patient’s medical bill including hospital stays and medical procedures. The analysis of data related to the time-to-diagnosis variable was conducted using the Log Rank regression test, and cost-to-diagnosis variable was carried out using co-variance test.

This study aims to analyse the way leadership and digital technology usage affect the faculty members' research performance in surviving higher education sustainability during the COVID-19 pandemic. A breakthrough innovation is needed to design a fast-track online work management system. Hence, it requires a loyal contribution from all the faculty members to support this system. This quantitative study conducted in Malaysia and Indonesia, included 260 faculty members from various fields of studies. Using the online questionnaire, it shows that leadership and technology usage plays an important role to maintain faculty members' research performance during the pandemic. However, it has a slight difference in result between Malaysia and Indonesia in terms of the portion of leadership and digital technology that affected the research performance. The higher education leaders play a stronger role in affecting Malaysian faculty members' research performance, while Indonesian faculty members are influenced more by digital technology usage than by their leaders. Each of them has a significant implication in designing the effective institution policies in optimizing faculty members' research performance.

The game application is one of the leading choices of cellular media users, according to a report from the Ministry of Communication and Information of Indonesia, at least 30 million are children and adults. However, there is a sharp perception that interactive games hinder children's education, which impacts lazy children to learn. This article aims to convey the implementation of thematic games for children's education. Social improvement activities emphasize the thematic patterns of this educational game. The game developed is asynchronous, which means that the teacher must see students evaluate learning outcomes. This study uses the R&D method through the procedures carried out as well as through pre and post-tests in the control class and experimental class. Data observation methods consisted of visual concepts, cultural patterns as game content ideas, research related to character education, and fundamental knowledge related to character education material. The results showed that the efficiency of the game showed that there was an increase in child socio-physical expertise and skills, as well as changes in learning models for children and assessment models by the teacher. The importance of this research is the development of educational media in improving the character quality of early childhood.

This research aims to describe national examination based on CBT methods that looked at human resources, infrastructures, students, strategies, and national examination weakness based on CBT implementation at Vocational School 1 North Sangatta. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques can be done through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. This research was conducted at Vocational School 1 North Sangatta. The results show that: (1) national examination based on Computer Based Test implementation methods clearly: preparation step, planning step and the implementation step. (2) the weakness of national study based on Computer Based Test implementation methods are technique and non-technique problems. This problem is solved by (a) increase electricity supply, (b) hold and repair hardware of computer which not suitable with qualifications, (c) register for the remedial test. Non-technique problems are solved by training the students to prepare for the national examination.

The implementation of history education at universities has not yet seen able to give optimal results. This study aims to propose a model for improving the quality of history education in higher education. It poses the primary research question: what is the quality improvement model of history education like according to the needs analysis? The research was conducted via a descriptive qualitative method. Data sources consisted of learning activities and documents related to the implementation of history education. Data analysis was carried out using interactive analysis models procedures. The results have revealed that history learning is currently only a transfer of information activity so that it cannot produce good-quality graduates who think deeply and critically. Methods that stimulate discussion of knowledge and hone critical thinking skills are not yet considered. Therefore, the quality of history education is relatively low and has no impact on improving the quality of graduates. The proposed model is relevant to be applied at universities, and has the characteristics of a problem-based learning approach and interactive discussion. If applied consistently, it has potential to promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills of students.