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Fixtures were work-holding equipment which are used to locate & fix the mechanical location of job components during cutting, assembling, testing, as well as other processes. Grip & locators make up a Fixture. Clamps Pressure upon that Specimen with aim of squeezing that specimen against locators & rest pad, & Locators are being used to verify its entry and location o f such a specimen. Identical methodology is being used in the research for creating and assessing every hydraulic device that has been created. Considering clamping forces of 800 N and hydraulic-pressures 2.15 kN to 26.68 kN. at 344.46 bar, an analytic technique is utilised to compute max. stresses and deformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a forming technique in which a sheet is subjected to gradual deformation to generate the final component using a numerically controlled round/hemispherical tool. Unlike traditional sheet forming, ISF may be done without a die, and the method is known as single-point incremental forming (SPIF). SPIF is superior to conventional sheet forming because it eliminates the need for dies, reduces tooling costs, and is appropriate for producing prototypes and batch manufacturing of automotive components. SPIF has emerged as a feasible method for creating various tailored components for specialized applications in the automobile and biomedical sectors, such as vehicle body parts, dental implants, and knee implants. Nonetheless, ISF is a time-consuming operation. As a result, obtaining great dimensional accuracy in final products is difficult. Some of the identified factors causing inaccuracy in final component geometry include sheet spring back, tool deflections, and rigid body displacements. Accurate prediction of sheet thickness, tool-sheet contact area, and forming forces is required to achieve desired dimensional precision. The current study focuses on analytical models used to predict forming forces in ISF. First, generalized analytical methods that predict forming force based on tensile strength data are explored. Following that, a review of analytical force models taking into account various process characteristics is offered. Force models based on key deformation modes such as shear, bending, and stretching are also summarized [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tribology is the technology that offers with interacting surfaces in relative difficulty and practices. Sliding and rolling surfaces constitutethe important thing to lots of our technological society. Understanding of tribological concepts is distinguished for a successlayout of engineering components. The goal of the paper gives the consequences and experimental research of the damage and friction homes of brass and metallic friction materials. Materials used for programswherein low friction and corrosion resistance is required, together with locks, hinges, gears, bearings, ammunition casings, zippers, plumbing, hose couplings, valves, and gadget tools, the chemical and structural homes of the abrasives, collectively with the morphology and length of the debrishave an effect on the friction parameters and balance of the composite. This paper pursuitsto research the impact of friction and put onhomes of Brass and EN-eight friction materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CNC machine tool feed axesdrives includecomplex transmission mechanisms having mechanical and thermal errors, which adversely affect the geometrical accuracy. Proper axes drive configurations haveto be designed along with advanced control systems to compensate for various errors. For achieving a precise axis control, accurate measuring systems are required along with advanced position sensors (scales and encoders)and laser interferometers A complete check on a machine tool is made for kinematic errors which include linear positional errors, repeatability, reverse errors, pitch. The Renishaw laser diagnostic equipment, model ML10 is used for dynamic measurements of slides that reveal drive errors and stick-slip motion. The laser calibration is carried as per JIS B-6330 in effecting immediate mechanical adjustments on the machine and software compensation in the control system. For the feed sub-assemblies to have a high degree of positional accuracy and repeatability at high-speed machining, thermal error compensation has to be done. Heat generation takes place at ball screw, bearings, and guideways, causing non-uniformtemperature distribution and causes thermal deformation. The sub-assembly involves the feed motor, recirculating ball-screw, bearing assembly, and coupling mounted to slides (x and z) of the lathe machines. The ambient temperature variation, the impact of viscous friction, and the influence of cutting load affect the positional and machining accuracy. In the present work, the thermal deformations in the feed motor assembly are calculated theoretically usinga heat transfer approach and are validated experimentally using laser-interferometer calibration. Also, a statistical analysis is presented for the Z-axis feed drive, and the results are in agreement with the laser-interferometry experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]