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4. Research note on a new set of regional indicators on social inclusion outcomes

Author

Bertarelli, G., Giusti, C., Pratesi, M., D'Agostino, A., Quatrrociocchi, L., and Gemignani, A.

Abstract

In this report we present two approaches that can be used to define and measure Educational Poverty(EP) from a multidimensional perspective. In the last two decades, the importance of EP measures and theiranalysis have been discussed extensively in the literature, highlighting that the deprivation in education isinsidious, as it determines a gap in a particularly vulnerable period of life that is not easy to bridge later in life.Following the initial proposal by Istat, the Italian National Statistical Institute, following two alternativemethodologies we develop to multidimensional indexes that can be used to monitor EP at regional/local level.This is of fundamental importance for policy actions aiming at reducing EP. Next to the classical regional (NUTS2)level, we develop our analysis also considering the degree of urbanisation of the local areas, identified usingthe DEGURBA classification by Eurostat. In this deliverable we present some applications referring to the Italianterritory. Nevertheless, we also discuss how the proposed indexes could be applied at European level, with theultimate goal of extending the work to a cross-countries comparative study.

Published
2021
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6. Methodological paper on intra-country comparisons of poverty rates

Author

Bertarelli, G., Biggeri, L., Giusti, C., Marchetti, S., Pratesi, M., Articus, C., Caratiola, C., and Munnich, R.

Abstract

This report constitutes Deliverable 9.9, for Work Package 9 of the InGRID-2 project. In this deliverable we address the issue of intra-country comparisons of poverty indicators using a statistical methodological approach. Our focus is the estimation of a relative poverty indicator, the At Risk of Poverty Rate or Head Count Ratio, when considering the use of subnational poverty lines. We first study the impact of the use of regional (NUTS 2 level) poverty lines on the patterns of poverty. Then, we present a methodology that can be used to estimate subnational poverty lines that adjust for the different cost of living that usually characterise the subnational areas within a country. The same methodology could be used also to compute poor specific Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) in the effort of studying the spatial distribution of poverty. The approach is presented at regional and provincial level (NUTS 3) in Italy. When focusing on the provincial level, we resort to Small Area Estimation (SAE) models as at this level the sample sizes of the EU-SILC and HBS surveys are not enough to compute reliable estimates. Further, in this work we deal with cross-border data for SAE in border regions, exploring the use of remote sensing data products as covariates for small area models.

Published
2020

8. The W-band Data Collection Experiment of the DAVID mission

Author

Ruggieri, M., De Fina, S., Pratesi, M., Salome, A., Saggese, E., and Bonifazi, C.

Subjects
Italy. Space Agency -- Practice, Electrical engineering -- Research, Avionics -- Research, Data entry -- Research, Telecommunication -- Research, Artificial satellites -- Usage, Electrical engineering, Communications technology, Aerospace and defense industries, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The Data Collection Experiment (DCE) of the scientific mission DAVID (DAta and Video Interactive Distribution) of the Italian Space Agency (ASI) will pioneer the use of the W-band for telecommunications experiments. In particular the collection of high volumes of data from remote or virtually remote sites will be achieved through the exploitation of a W-band link in a time window of a few minutes per satellite pass. The experiment will hence demonstrate the capability of the W-band channel to be used reliably for a telecommunication link. At the same time, the experiment will provide useful elements for the characterisation of the W-band channel, in order to be able to design properly future operational systems working at W-band.

Published
2002

13. Methodological Perspectives for Surveying Rare and Clustered Population: Towards a Sequentially Adaptive Approach

Author

Cira Perna • Monica Pratesi Anne Ruiz-Gazen, Perna, C, Pratesi, M, Ruiz-Gazen, A, Andreis, F, Furfaro, E, Mecatti, F, Cira Perna • Monica Pratesi Anne Ruiz-Gazen, Perna, C, Pratesi, M, Ruiz-Gazen, A, Andreis, F, Furfaro, E, and Mecatti, F

Abstract

Sampling a rare and clustered trait in a finite population is challenging: traditional sampling designs usually require a large sample size in order to obtain reasonably accurate estimates, resulting in a considerable investment of resources in front of the detection of a small number of cases. A notable example is the case of WHO’s tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys, crucial for countries that bear a high TB burden, the prevalence of cases being still less than 1%. In the latest WHO guidelines, spatial patterns are not explicitly accounted for, with the risk of missing a large number of cases; moreover, cost and logistic constraints can pose further problems. After reviewing the methodology in use by WHO, the use of adaptive and sequential approaches is discussed as natural alternatives to improve over the limits of the current practice. A simulation study is presented to highlight possible advantages and limitations of these alternatives, and an integrated approach, combining both adaptive and sequential features in a single sampling strategy is advocated as a promising methodological perspective.

Published
2018

14. Updating CPI weights through compositional VAR forecasts: An application to the Italian index

Author

Perna, C, Pratesi, M, Ruiz-Gazen, A, Crosato, L, Zavanella, B, Perna, C, Pratesi, M, Ruiz-Gazen, A, Crosato, L, and Zavanella, B

Abstract

Worldwide, monthly CPIs are mostly calculated as weighted averages of price relatives with fixed base weights. The main source of estimation of CPI weights are National Accounts, whose complexity in terms of data collection, estimation of aggregates and validation procedures leads to several months of delay in the release of the figures. This ends up in a non completely consistent Laspeyres formula since the weights do not refer to the same period as the base prices do, being older by one year and then corrected by the elapsed inflation. In this paper we propose to forecast CPI weights via a compositional VAR model, to obtain more updated weights and, consequently, a more updated measure of inflation through CPIs.

Published
2018

17. Methodological perspectives for surveying rare and clustered population: towards a sequentially adaptive approach.

Author

Perna C., Pratesi M., Ruiz-Gazen A., Andreis, Federico, Furfaro, Emanuela, Mecatti, Fulvia, Emanuela Furfaro (ORCID:0000-0002-2440-841X), Perna C., Pratesi M., Ruiz-Gazen A., Andreis, Federico, Furfaro, Emanuela, Mecatti, Fulvia, and Emanuela Furfaro (ORCID:0000-0002-2440-841X)

Abstract

Sampling a rare and clustered trait in a finite population is challenging: traditional sampling designs usually require a large sample size in order to obtain reasonably accurate estimates, resulting in a considerable investment of resources in front of the detection of a small number of cases. A notable example is the case of WHO’s tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys, crucial for countries that bear a high TB burden, the prevalence of cases being still less than 1%. In the latest WHO guidelines, spatial patterns are not explicitly accounted for, with the risk of missing a large number of cases; moreover, cost and logistic constraints can pose further problems. After reviewing the methodology in use by WHO, the use of adaptive and sequential approaches is discussed as natural alternatives to improve over the limits of the current practice. A simulation study is presented to highlight possible advantages and limitations of these alternatives, and an integrated approach, combining both adaptive and sequential features in a single sampling strategy is advocated as a promising methodological perspective.

Published
2017

18. Metodi di stima in presenza di errori non campionari

Author

Nicolini, G, Marasini, D, Montanari, GE, Pratesi, M, Ranalli, MG, Rocco, E, Montanari, G, Ranalli, M, Montanari GE, Pratesi M, Ranalli MG, Rocco, E., MARASINI, DONATA, Nicolini, G, Marasini, D, Montanari, GE, Pratesi, M, Ranalli, MG, Rocco, E, Montanari, G, Ranalli, M, Montanari GE, Pratesi M, Ranalli MG, Rocco, E., and MARASINI, DONATA

Published
2013

20. Short-term clinical outcome of normotensive patients with acute PE and high plasma lactate

Author

Vanni S, Jimenez D, Nazerian P, Morello F, Parisi M, Daghini E, Pratesi M, Lopez R, Bedate P, Lobo JL, Jara-Palomares L, Portillo AK, and Grifoni S

Subjects
Pulmonary Embolism
Abstract

Background Strategies for identifying normotensive patients with acute symptomatic PE at high risk of PE-related complications remain to be defined. Methods This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the role of plasma lactate levels in the risk assessment of normotensive patients with acute PE. Outcomes assessed over the 7 days after the diagnosis of PE included PE-related mortality and haemodynamic collapse, defined as need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, systolic blood pressure = 2 mmol/L. Fourteen (10.4%) of them had PE-related complications versus 6 of 361 patients with low lactate (negative predictive value 98.3%; p

Published
2015

21. Modelling a multivariate hidden Markov process on survey data

Author

Pratesi, M, Perna, C, Pennoni, F, PENNONI, FULVIA, Pratesi, M, Perna, C, Pennoni, F, and PENNONI, FULVIA

Abstract

We show how to handle the information which is acquired in a dynamic framework when there are multiple items in a survey collected on the same individuals at different time occasions. The response variables are commonly measured on an ordinal scale and the data may show a non-monotone missing pattern. The underlying phenomenon which is related to the interest of the survey may be modelled by a latent stochastic process. The latter having dependences according to a Markov structure is able to capture the heterogeneity of the response behaviour and to account for the measurement errors that naturally arise in the survey. The maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters allows us to handle the missing data and to take advantage of the information provided by those individuals not showing complete responses. In a similar way, it is possible to consider a counterfactual framework in which the outcomes of interest are not directly observable even for the selected treatment. Such a flexible modelling approach is illustrated with two examples based on real data.

Published
2016

24. Adaptive Randomly Reinforced Urn design and its asymptotic properties

Author

Pratesi, M, Pena, C, Ghiglietti, A, Pratesi, M, Pena, C, and Ghiglietti, A

Abstract

In response-adaptive designs for clinical trials the probability to assign patients to treatments depends on previous patients’ allocations and responses. Some of these designs are based on urn models to construct randomized procedures for the allocation of the subjects to treatments and to incorporate information on treatment performances. In particular, we consider the class of randomly reinforced urn (RRU) models in which the proportion of subjects allocated to the superior treatment converges to one as the sample size increases to infinity. For this reason, RRU designs are not able to target any desired allocation proportion to satisfy different optimality criteria. To address this issue, we propose a new adaptive randomly reinforced urn (ARRU) design in which the allocation proportion converge to desired values defined as functions of the response distribution. In addition, we establish the convergence rate and a central limit theoremfor the allocation proportion in both the cases of equal and different responses means.

Published
2016

27. Population ageing and human resources management. A chance for Applied Demography

Author

Pratesi, M., Perna, C., Rivellini, Giulia, Marcaletti, Francesco, Racioppi, F., Rivellini, Giulia (ORCID:0000-0002-4615-7121), Marcaletti, Francesco (ORCID:0000-0003-3273-5311), Pratesi, M., Perna, C., Rivellini, Giulia, Marcaletti, Francesco, Racioppi, F., Rivellini, Giulia (ORCID:0000-0002-4615-7121), and Marcaletti, Francesco (ORCID:0000-0003-3273-5311)

Abstract

The population ageing has become a global and worldwide phenomenon. Especially in Italy this process is strong and incontestable. In this scenario the work force ageing and the challenges that make urgent to find tools and measures to manage the oldest people can give to the “applied demographer” a significant role. Moving from the definition of active ageing we illustrate skills, activities and suggestions that a demographer could easily share with human resource managers interested in promoting strategies and policies enhancing employability and productivity of older workers. We report real experiences with ABB Italia, SOL Group and Italcementi. We finally give details on AMO (Age Management Observatory).

Published
2016

28. Outage Analysis in Mobile Radio Systems with Generically Correlated Log-Normal Interferers

Author

Pratesi, M., Santucci, F., Graziosi, F., and Ruggieri, M.

Subjects
Mobile communication systems -- Management
Abstract

A novel methodology is proposed for computing the outage probability in mobile radio systems in the presence of log-normal shadowing. A relevant feature is that the proposed analysis assumes a general correlation for any pair of links. Various approaches are considered to compute the statistics of user signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), namely Schwartz and Yeh's method, Wilkinson's method, and Fenton's method. By a simple reformulation of the problem, these methods can be used to calculate in a straightforward way the parameters of the SIR. The accuracy of the methods is checked in a number of situations of interest. Moreover, when the same correlation is assigned to any pair of links, the novel analysis is more accurate than previously proposed approaches. Index Terms--Cochannel interference, land mobile radio cellular systems, land mobile radio interference, log-normal distributions, mobile communication.

Published
2000

30. Prefazione

Author

Nicolini, G., Marasini, D., Montanari, G. E., Pratesi, M., Ranalli, G., and Rocco, E.

Published
2013

32. Small area estimation via m-quantile geographically weighted regression

Author

Salvati, N., Tzavidis, N., Pratesi, M., and Chambers, R.

Abstract

The effective use of spatial information, that is the geographic locations of population units, in a regression model-based approach to small area estimation is an important practical issue. One approach for incorporating such spatial information in a small area regression model is via Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). In GWR the relationship between the outcome variable and the covariates is characterised by local rather than global parameters, where local is defined spatially. In this paper we investigate GWR-based small area estimation under the M-quantile modelling approach. In particular, we specify an M-quantile GWR model that is a local model for the M-quantiles of the conditional distribution of the outcome variable given the covariates. This model is then used to define a bias-robust predictor of the small area characteristic of interest that also accounts for spatial association in the data. An important spin-off from applying the M-quantile GWR small area model is that it can potentially offer more efficient synthetic estimation for out of sample areas. We demonstrate the usefulness of this framework through both model-based as well as design-based simulations, with the latter based on a realistic survey data set. The paper concludes with an illustrative application that focuses on estimation of average levels of Acid Neutralizing Capacity for lakes in the north-east of the USA.

Published
2010

36. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke

Author

Hacke, Werner, Kaste, Markku, Bluhmki, Erich, Brozman, Miroslav, Dávalos, Antoni, Guidetti, Donata, Larrue, Vincent, Lees, Kennedy R., Medeghri, Zakaria, Machnig, Thomas, Schneider, Dietmar, Von Kummer, Rüdiger, Wahlgren, Nils, Toni, Danilo, Hacke, W, Dávalos, A, Kaste, M, von Kummer, R, Larrue, V, Toni, D, Wahlgren, N, Lees, Kr, Heiss, Wd, Lesaffre, E, Orgogozo, Jm, Bastianello, S, Wardlaw, Jm, Peyrieux, Jc, Sauce, C, Medeghri, Z, Mazenc, R, Machnig, T, Bluhmki, E, Aichner, F, Alf, C, Baumhackl, U, Brainin, M, Eggers, C, Gruber, F, Ladurner, G, Niederkorn, K, Noistering, G, Willeit, J, Vanhooren, G, Blecic, S, Bruneel, B, Caekebeke, J, Laloux, P, Simons, Pj, Thijs, V, Bar, M, Dvorakova, H, Vaclavik, D, Boysen, G, Andersen, G, Iversen, Hk, Traberg-Kristensen, B, Marttila, R, Sivenius, J, Trouillas, P, Amarenco, P, Bouillat, J, Ducrocq, X, Giroud, M, Jaillard, A, Larrieu, Jm, Leys, D, Magne, C, Mahagne, Mh, Milhaud, D, Sablot, D, Saudeau, D, Busse, O, Berrouschot, J, Faiss, Jh, Glahn, J, Görtler, M, Grau, A, Grond, M, Haberl, R, Hamann, G, Hennerici, M, Koch, H, Krauseneck, P, Marx, J, Meves, S, Meyding-Lamadé, U, Ringleb, P, Schneider, D, Schwarz, A, Sobesky, J, Urban, P, Karageorgiou, K, Komnos, A, Csányi, A, Csiba, L, Valikovics, A, Agnelli, G, Billo, G, Bovi, P, Comi, G, Gigli, G, Guidetti, D, Inzitari, D, Marcello, N, Marini, C, Orlandi, G, Pratesi, M, Rasura, M, Semplicini, A, Serrati, C, Tassinari, T, Brouwers, Pj, Stam, J, Naess, H, Indredavik, B, Kloster, R, Czlonkowska, A, Kuczyńska-Zardzewialy, A, Nyka, W, Opala, G, Romanowicz, S, Cunha, L, Correia, C, Cruz, V, Pinho e Melo, T, Brozman, M, Dvorak, M, Garay, R, Krastev, G, Kurca, E, Alvarez-Sabin, J, Chamorro, A, del Mar Freijo Guerrero, M, Herrero, Ja, Gil-Peralta, A, Leira, R, Martí-Vilalta, Jl, Masjuan Vallejo, J, Millán, M, Molina, C, Mostacero, E, Segura, T, Serena, J, Vivancos Mora, J, Danielsson, E, Cederin, B, Von, Zweigberg, Wahlgren, Ng, Welin, L, Lyrer, P, Bogousslavsky, J, Hungerbühler, Hj, Weder, B, Ford, Ga, Jenkinson, D, Macleod, Mj, Macwalter, Rs, Markus, Hs, Muir, Kw, Sharma, Ak, Walters, Mr, Warburton, Ea, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Neurology

Subjects
Adult, Male, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Placebo, Drug Administration Schedule, Brain Ischemia, Brain ischemia, Double-Blind Method, Fibrinolytic Agents, Modified Rankin Scale, medicine, Odds Ratio, Desmoteplase, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Stroke, Aged, business.industry, Cerebral infarction, Medicine (all), General Medicine, Thrombolysis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesia, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Acute Disease, Female, business, Intracranial Hemorrhages, Fibrinolytic agent
Abstract

Background Intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase is the only approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but its efficacy and safety when administered more than 3 hours after the onset of symptoms have not been established. We tested the efficacy and safety of alteplase administered between 3 and 4.5 hours after the onset of a stroke. Methods After exclusion of patients with a brain hemorrhage or major infarction, as detected on a computed tomographic scan, we randomly assigned patients with acute ischemic stroke in a 1:1 double-blind fashion to receive treatment with intravenous alteplase (0.9 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo. The primary end point was disability at 90 days, dichotomized as a favorable outcome (a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale, which has a range of 0 to 6, with 0 indicating no symptoms at all and 6 indicating death) or an unfavorable outcome (a score of 2 to 6 on the modified Rankin scale). The secondary end point was a global outcome analysis of four neurologic and disability scores combined. Safety end points included death, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and other serious adverse events. Results We enrolled a total of 821 patients in the study and randomly assigned 418 to the alteplase group and 403 to the placebo group. The median time for the administration of alteplase was 3 hours 59 minutes. More patients had a favorable outcome with alte plase than with placebo (52.4% vs. 45.2%; odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.76; P = 0.04). In the global analysis, the outcome was also improved with alteplase as compared with placebo (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.65; P

Published
2008

37. RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF STREPTOKINASE, ASPIRIN, AND COMBINATION OF BOTH IN TREATMENT OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE

Author

CANDELISE L, ARITZU E, CICCONE A, RICCI S, WARDLAW J, TOGNONI G, RONCAGLIONI MC, NEGRI E, COLOMBO F, BOCCARDI E, DEGRANDI C, SCIALFA G, ARGENTINO C, BERTELE V, MAGGIONI AP, PERRONE P, BARNETT HJM, BOGOUSSLAVSKY J, DELFAVERO A, LOI U, PETO R, WARLOW C, CANZI S, COMPARETTI S, CLERICI F, PALUMBO A, SGARONI G, POLONARA S, REGINELLI R, CERAVOLO MG, PROVINCIALI L, DELGOBBO M, SCARPINO O, BOTTACCHI E, DALESSANDRO G, DIGIOVANNI M, BLANC S, ROVEYAZ L, RALLI L, VANNI D, REFI C, FEDERICO F, CONTE C, INCHINGOLO V, INSABATO R, SALSA F, LORIZIO A, ROTTOLI MR, BRUNI L, DEFANTI CA, FERA L, CAMERLINGO M, CASTO L, CENSORI B, MAMOLI A, PORAZZI D, GRAMPA G, LASPINA I, GIGLIA L, AVENIA V, GUELI S, LOLLI V, MIELE V, SANTANGELO M, COPPOLA G, TRIANNI G, MARRA M, GRECO E, TONTI D, PRETOLANI E, STELLIO M, ARNABOLDI M, CIOLA R, DANIELI G, REZZONICO M, GUIDOTTI M, PELLEGRINI G, RAUDINO F, DELFAVERO C, FRATTINI T, RICCARDI T, LEVIMINZI C, LOCATELLI F, PASSERI F, LOMBARDO G, COCCO F, PRATESI M, SANTINI S, CARDOPATRI F, TAFANI O, LANDINI GC, PIERAGNOLI E, BELLESI R, BAGNOLI L, GHETTI A, MARRAZZA OB, MENEGAZZO P, SPOLVERI S, CAPPELLETTI C, CANDELIERE G, COSTANTINO G, DACUNO F, LOMUZIO T, RIZZITELLI FP, BOVIO G, GRILLI GP, ZOCCHI M, MAZZANTI I, PISAPIA G, NUZZI R, RUSSO G, LAMA G, BALDASSARRI G, BETTINI R, CANI E, CERIOLI E, DEGIORGI M, GARAGNANI A, PASQUALI S, CHIOMA V, FINI C, MARZARA G, BALOTTA A, BERTUZZI D, MASINA M, MATACENA C, MICHELINI M, PIRAZZOLI G, SACCHET C, MAROTTA P, CALVI L, SCACCABAROZZI C, MENOZZI C, SASANELLI F, BASCELLI C, PONTRELLI V, SCHIERONI F, BELVEDERE D, DECAPITANI E, DICOSTANZO M, RASCAROLI M, CITTERIO O, MILANI R, CAPIALBI R, ARENA G, MUSOLINO R, DIPERRI R, BONAVENTI C, FINZI F, MESSINA A, ROMANAZZI V, STERZI R, BOTTINI G, SANTILLI I, BRUCATO A, DEJULI E, PALMIERI G, RAGAINI S, THIELLA G, ALLI C, CAROSELLA L, RIZZATO G, BIANCHI M, MOTTO C, PINARDI G, SCARLATO G, BETTINELLI A, PORRO F, RANDAZZO A, MARINI U, LATTUADA P, PIETRA A, FRANCESCHI M, VOLOUTE MA, MALFERRARI G, BONDI M, GARUTI W, MELINI L, COLOMBO A, ALBORINI G, PANZETTI P, SCARPA M, SORGATO P, CRISI G, BONASERA N, BASSO F, NATALI E, MONACO P, GASPARRO AM, TRIOLO F, LECHI A, COLONNA F, DASCOLA I, GIORGI C, SCODITTI U, BASSI P, MENOZZI R, PIAZZA P, DEGLIANTONI G, DESIMONI M, GIANNINI A, MICILI G, BOSONE D, CAVALLINI A, MARTELLI A, BARZIZZA F, POLI M, BIAGINI S, CAPOCCHI G, CELANI MG, PICCHIARELLI A, RIGHETTI E, ZAMPOLINI M, CAPUTO N, BARTOLINI S, SANTONI M, SITA D, TAGLIOLI M, VOLPI G, ROSSI F, ALOY F, CASTELLANO AE, MINOTTA F, GATTA A, VINATTIERI A, CANTINI A, REBUCCI GG, BISSI G, DEBLASI F, PASCARELLI E, TURIAMO F, GUIDETTI D, BARATTI M, FERRARINI G, GHIDONI E, GRECO G, MARCELLO N, MOTTI L, SOLIME F, TERENZIANI S, ZUCCO R, TROISO A, VENEZIANI M, IORI I, CURATOLA L, BOLLETTINI G, CARBONI T, GOBBATO R, INFRICCIOLO P, SABATINI D, SFRAPPINI M, FANCELLU A, CASU G, DELEDDA MG, SPANU MA, PIRISI A, MARRAS FA, ROSATI G, BRAMBILLA A, ERLI GC, FELICE B, GRANDI R, MIRABILE D, ZADRA M, CAVESTRI R, GORI D, LONGHINI E, MIELE N, DIVIZIA G, GRASSELLI S, PEZZELLA F, ZUCCARI F, SALLUSTO L, LINCESSO F, SCARPATI C, IANNONE G, BARTOCCI A, COSTANTINI F, DESANTIS L, LANCIA G, MOSCHINI E, PACI A, SENSIDONI A, TRENTA A, BARTOLINI N, OTTAVIANO P, BISCOTTINI B, ALUNNI G, BARTOLINI I, BELLADONNA D, BOCCALI A, CRUCIANI M, IBBA R, LUCCIOLI R, MARCECA A, PACINI M, PALLONE M, GIRARDI P, ORRICO D, LANZA E, BALLINI A, GRANDI FC, MUSCO G, STEIDL L, SANTORO G, VEMCO A, DUDINE P, MILONE FF, MUNARI L, PERRETI A, PORTA M, LONGONI C, FERANI R, WATT M, SANDERCOCK P, FENNETRY A, BANNISTER P, CLARKE CE, BAMFORD J, VENABLES G, CORREIA M, CANDELISE L, ARITZU E, CICCONE A, RICCI S, WARDLAW J, TOGNONI G, RONCAGLIONI MC, NEGRI E, COLOMBO F, BOCCARDI E, DEGRANDI C, SCIALFA G, ARGENTINO C, BERTELE V, MAGGIONI AP, PERRONE P, BARNETT HJM, BOGOUSSLAVSKY J, DELFAVERO A, LOI U, PETO R, WARLOW C, CANZI S, COMPARETTI S, CLERICI F, PALUMBO A, SGARONI G, POLONARA S, REGINELLI R, CERAVOLO MG, PROVINCIALI L, DELGOBBO M, SCARPINO O, BOTTACCHI E, DALESSANDRO G, DIGIOVANNI M, BLANC S, ROVEYAZ L, RALLI L, VANNI D, REFI C, FEDERICO F, CONTE C, INCHINGOLO V, INSABATO R, SALSA F, LORIZIO A, ROTTOLI MR, BRUNI L, DEFANTI CA, FERA L, CAMERLINGO M, CASTO L, CENSORI B, MAMOLI A, PORAZZI D, GRAMPA G, LASPINA I, GIGLIA L, AVENIA V, GUELI S, LOLLI V, MIELE V, SANTANGELO M, COPPOLA G, TRIANNI G, MARRA M, GRECO E, TONTI D, PRETOLANI E, STELLIO M, ARNABOLDI M, CIOLA R, DANIELI G, REZZONICO M, GUIDOTTI M, PELLEGRINI G, RAUDINO F, DELFAVERO C, FRATTINI T, RICCARDI T, LEVIMINZI C, LOCATELLI F, PASSERI F, LOMBARDO G, COCCO F, PRATESI M, SANTINI S, CARDOPATRI F, TAFANI O, LANDINI GC, PIERAGNOLI E, BELLESI R, BAGNOLI L, GHETTI A, MARRAZZA OB, MENEGAZZO P, SPOLVERI S, CAPPELLETTI C, CANDELIERE G, COSTANTINO G, DACUNO F, LOMUZIO T, RIZZITELLI FP, BOVIO G, GRILLI GP, ZOCCHI M, MAZZANTI I, PISAPIA G, NUZZI R, RUSSO G, LAMA G, BALDASSARRI G, BETTINI R, CANI E, CERIOLI E, DEGIORGI M, GARAGNANI A, PASQUALI S, CHIOMA V, FINI C, MARZARA G, BALOTTA A, BERTUZZI D, MASINA M, MATACENA C, MICHELINI M, PIRAZZOLI G, SACCHET C, MAROTTA P, CALVI L, SCACCABAROZZI C, MENOZZI C, SASANELLI F, BASCELLI C, PONTRELLI V, SCHIERONI F, BELVEDERE D, DECAPITANI E, DICOSTANZO M, RASCAROLI M, CITTERIO O, MILANI R, CAPIALBI R, ARENA G, MUSOLINO R, DIPERRI R, BONAVENTI C, FINZI F, MESSINA A, ROMANAZZI V, STERZI R, BOTTINI G, SANTILLI I, BRUCATO A, DEJULI E, PALMIERI G, RAGAINI S, THIELLA G, ALLI C, CAROSELLA L, RIZZATO G, BIANCHI M, MOTTO C, PINARDI G, SCARLATO G, BETTINELLI A, PORRO F, RANDAZZO A, MARINI U, LATTUADA P, PIETRA A, FRANCESCHI M, VOLOUTE MA, MALFERRARI G, BONDI M, GARUTI W, MELINI L, COLOMBO A, ALBORINI G, PANZETTI P, SCARPA M, SORGATO P, CRISI G, BONASERA N, BASSO F, NATALI E, MONACO P, GASPARRO AM, TRIOLO F, LECHI A, COLONNA F, DASCOLA I, GIORGI C, SCODITTI U, BASSI P, MENOZZI R, PIAZZA P, DEGLIANTONI G, DESIMONI M, GIANNINI A, MICILI G, BOSONE D, CAVALLINI A, MARTELLI A, BARZIZZA F, POLI M, BIAGINI S, CAPOCCHI G, CELANI MG, PICCHIARELLI A, RIGHETTI E, ZAMPOLINI M, CAPUTO N, BARTOLINI S, SANTONI M, SITA D, TAGLIOLI M, VOLPI G, ROSSI F, ALOY F, CASTELLANO AE, MINOTTA F, GATTA A, VINATTIERI A, CANTINI A, REBUCCI GG, BISSI G, DEBLASI F, PASCARELLI E, TURIAMO F, GUIDETTI D, BARATTI M, FERRARINI G, GHIDONI E, GRECO G, MARCELLO N, MOTTI L, SOLIME F, TERENZIANI S, ZUCCO R, TROISO A, VENEZIANI M, IORI I, CURATOLA L, BOLLETTINI G, CARBONI T, GOBBATO R, INFRICCIOLO P, SABATINI D, SFRAPPINI M, FANCELLU A, CASU G, DELEDDA MG, SPANU MA, PIRISI A, MARRAS FA, ROSATI G, BRAMBILLA A, ERLI GC, FELICE B, GRANDI R, MIRABILE D, ZADRA M, CAVESTRI R, GORI D, LONGHINI E, MIELE N, DIVIZIA G, GRASSELLI S, PEZZELLA F, ZUCCARI F, SALLUSTO L, LINCESSO F, SCARPATI C, IANNONE G, BARTOCCI A, COSTANTINI F, DESANTIS L, LANCIA G, MOSCHINI E, PACI A, SENSIDONI A, TRENTA A, BARTOLINI N, OTTAVIANO P, BISCOTTINI B, ALUNNI G, BARTOLINI I, BELLADONNA D, BOCCALI A, CRUCIANI M, IBBA R, LUCCIOLI R, MARCECA A, PACINI M, PALLONE M, GIRARDI P, ORRICO D, LANZA E, BALLINI A, GRANDI FC, MUSCO G, STEIDL L, SANTORO G, VEMCO A, DUDINE P, MILONE FF, MUNARI L, PERRETI A, PORTA M, LONGONI C, FERANI R, WATT M, SANDERCOCK P, FENNETRY A, BANNISTER P, CLARKE CE, BAMFORD J, VENABLES G, and CORREIA M

Abstract

In ischaemic stroke, thrombolytic drugs speed the recanalisation of intracerebral arteries. The effects of aspirin are not known. A trial was conducted to determine whether, separately or together, streptokinase and aspirin have clinical benefits in acute ischaemic stroke similar to those in acute myocardial infarction. 622 patients with acute ischaemic stroke within 6 hours of symptom onset were randomised with a 2x2 factorial design to (i) a 1-hour intravenous infusion of 1 . 5 MU streptokinase, (ii) 300 mg/day buffered aspirin for 10 days, (iii) both active treatments, or (iv) neither. Early results raised a question whether the trial should be continued. Streptokinase (alone or with aspirin) was associated with an excess of 10-day case fatality (odds ratio 2 . 7; 95% confidence interval 1 . 7-4 . 3; 2p

Published
1995

45. Small Area Estimation Via M-quantile Geographically Weighted Regression

Author

Salvati, N., Tzavidis, N., Pratesi, M., Chambers, R., Salvati, N., Tzavidis, N., Pratesi, M., and Chambers, R.

Abstract

One popular approach to small area estimation when data are spatially correlated is to employ Simultaneous Autoregressive (SAR) random effects models to define the Spatial Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (SEBLUP). See Singh et al. (2005) and Pratesi and Salvati (2008). SAR models allow for spatial correlation in the error structure. An alternative approach that incorporates the spatial information in the regression model is to use Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). See Brunsdon et al. (1996) and Fotheringham et al. (1997). GWR extends the traditional regression model by characterising the relationship between the outcome variable and the covariates via local rather than global parameters. In this paper we investigate GWR-based small area estimation under the M-quantile modelling approach (Chambers and Tzavidis, 2006). In particular, we integrate the concepts of outlier-robust small area estimation and borrowing strength over space within a unified modelling framework by specifying an M-quantile GWR model that is a local model for the M-quantiles of the conditional distribution of the outcome variable given the covariates. This model is then used to define an outlier-robust predictor of the small area characteristic of interest that also accounts for spatial association in the data. An additional important spin-off from applying the M-quantile GWR small area model is more efficient synthetic estimation for out of sample areas. We demonstrate the usefulness of this framework through both model-based as well as design-based simulation, with the latter based on a realistic survey data set. The paper concludes with an application to environmental data for predicting average levels of the Acid Neutralizing Capacity at 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code level in the Northeast states of the U.S.A.

Published
2009

46. Spatial M-quantile Models for Small Area Estimation

Author

Salvati, N., Pratesi, M., Tzavidis, N., Chambers, R., Salvati, N., Pratesi, M., Tzavidis, N., and Chambers, R.

Abstract

In small area estimation direct survey estimates that rely only on area-specific data can exhibit large sampling variability due to small sample sizes at the small area level. Efficient small area estimates can be constructed using explicit linking models that borrow information from related areas. The most popular class of models for this purpose are models that include random area effects. Estimation for these models typically assumes that the random area effects are uncorrelated. In many situations, however, it is reasonable to assume that the effects of neighbouring areas are correlated. Models that extend conventional random effects models to account for spatial correlation between the small areas have been recently proposed in literature. A new semi-parametric approach to small area estimation is based on the use of M-quantile models. Unlike traditional random effects models, M-quantile models do not depend on strong distributional assumptions and are robust to the presence of outliers. In its current form, however, the M-quantile approach to small area estimation does not allow for spatially correlated area effects. The aim of this paper is to extend the M-quantile approach to account for such spatial correlation between small areas.

Published
2008

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