Search

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provide a flexible compute platform for quick prototyping or hardware acceleration in diverse application domains. However, similar to the global semiconductor life-cycle in the modern supply chain, FPGA-based product development includes processes and interactions with potentially untrusted parties outside the traditional scrutiny of a completely in-house development cycle. An untrusted party or software can maliciously alter a hardware intellectual property (IP) block mapped to an FPGA device during various stages of the FPGA life-cycle. Such malicious alterations, also known as hardware Trojan attacks, have garnered significant research into their detection and prevention in the context of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) design flow. However, Trojan attacks in FPGAs have not enjoyed this same attention. Designers often rely on mapping ASIC-specific solutions and evaluation benchmarks to the FPGA domain, which leaves much of the FPGA-specific Trojan space uncovered. We note that the distinctive business model as well as the architectural configurations of FPGAs present unique opportunities for Trojan attacks to an adversary. To this end, we introduce a framework to automatically explore the hardware Trojan attack space in FPGA netlists. It is capable of inserting different types of FPGA-specific Trojans in a netlist enabling rapid exploration of potential Trojan attacks in an FPGA design: soft-template, monolithic, and distributed dark silicon. Soft template Trojans use behavioral templates with random synthesis constraints to increase Trojan structural diversity. Monolithic and distributed dark silicon Trojans use the under-utilized input space (FPGA dark silicon) in FPGA primitives to realize Trojans with effectively zero area and power footprint. Further optimizations are also presented to remove any potential delay impact. We evaluate our framework by generating over 1300 Trojan-inserted benchmarks using each of the introduced FPGA Trojan classes and comparing the impact on utilization, delay, and power.

Oral cancer is the 11The present study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin in different grades of oral epithelial dysplasias (OEDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Biopsies/blocks of oral cavity lesions were retrieved from the archives of the department. Normal oral mucosa (5 cases), oral epithelial dysplastic (60 cases) and different grades of OSCC (60 cases) evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin sections. Immunohistochemical analysis was done on the blocks and expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin was recorded.Our study included various grades of OED, OSCC and normal mucosa as control cases. The mean age of OED and OSCC was 49 and 56 years, respectively, with male predominance. Tobacco habit was present in approximately 90% cases, and buccal mucosa was the most commonly involved site in oral cavity with whitish patch and ulceroproliferative lesions being the common clinical presentations respectively. In OED, downregulation and altered localization of e-cadherin (81.6%) and increased expression of vimentin (52.3%) along with their concurrent increase in the stroma represent epithelial mesenchymal transition. In OSCC, reduction in expression (50%) for e-cadherin (56.6%) with altered localization for e-cadherin was seen in 88.3% of OSCC along with neoexpression of vimentin in the epithelial cells was seen in 68.3% suggestive of mesenchymal phenotypic modification (It is very crucial to evaluate the invasiveness of dysplasia and tumor with specific molecular biomarker that may help in early prediction of malignancy and also guide in deciding best treatment strategy for established cases of malignancy.

Rhinosporidiosis is caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, a protist of class Mesomycetozoea, which comprises mostly uncultivable aquatic microbes at the animal-fungal boundary. It chiefly affects the mucous membranes of the nose, oropharynx and nasopharynx. It also involves many rare sites and may become disseminated to occur in a generalized form. Soil and water act as a reservoir for the organism. Rhinosporidiosis of the parotid duct is rare and there are very few reported cases in the Indian literature and world-wide. Our case report of a 20-year-old female presenting with facial swelling, the duct cyst was excised and submitted for histopathological examination which confirmed the diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis due to the presence of sporangia and endospores in the wall of the cyst. Keywords: Parotid duct, Rhinosporidiosis, Granulomatous disease, Wet mount

Natural fibers are now arising as one of the promising reinforcement components for fiber-reinforced polymer composites. A study has been conducted to optimize weight concentration of surface-treated and surface-untreated microfibers on the properties of high-density polyethylene composite. Polyethylene terephthalate and henequen microfibers in varying compositions, namely, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 20 wt% were reinforced into high-density polyethylene matrix. These fibers were treated with coupling agent at 0.5 wt%. Vinyltrimethoxysilane-treated composite shows enhanced properties as compared to untreated microfiber composite. Rheological and morphological results reveal that addition of coupling agent improves dispersion and matrix fiber interactions.

Businesses, governments, and the research community can all derive value from the massive amounts of digital data they collect. Analyzing big data application projects by governments offers guidance for follower countries for their own future big data initiatives. Decision making in government usually takes much longer and is conducted through consultation and mutual consent of a large number of diverse actors, including officials, interest groups, and ordinary citizens. Governments deal not only with general issues of big data integration from multiple sources and in different formats and cost but also with some special challenges. The biggest is collecting data, governments have difficulty, as the data not only comes from multiple channels but from different sources. Most governments operating or planning big data projects need to take a step by step approach for setting the right goals and realistic expectations. Success depends on their ability to integrate and analyze information, develop supporting systems, and support decision making through analytics. Pravin Dattu Gangad | Pranay Pravin Gaikwad "Use of Big Data in Government Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15676.pdf

Aneurysmal bone cysts are infrequent in the craniofacial region. These cysts are non-neoplastic, expansile, and osteolytic in nature. Since these cysts are not lined by epithelium, they are considered as pseudocysts. Clinicopathological features and biological behavior of these cysts are enigmatic as they mimic various other pathogenetic lesions and two third of these cysts are associated with other bone pathology. Aim of the present paper was to report a case of aneurysmal bone cyst in 40-year-old female patient encountered in left mandibular posterior region which was surgically treated with hemimandibulectomy. The post-operative period was uneventful. Furthermore, emphasis was given to discuss its etiopathogenesis, clinicopathological variants, and other pathologies associated with this cyst.

The main objective of incorporating natural fibers such as Henequen microfibers (NF) into the High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) polymer matrix is to reduce the cost and to enhance the mechanical as well as other properties. The Henequen microfibers were chopped manually to 5-7mm in length and added into the polymer matrix at the optimized concentration of 8 wt %. In order to facilitate the link between Henequen microfibers (NF) and HDPE matrix, coupling agent such as Glycidoxy (Epoxy) Functional Methoxy Silane (GPTS) at various concentrations from 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% and 1% by weight to the total fibers were added. The tensile strength of the composite increased marginally while % elongation at break of the composites decreased with increase in silane loading by wt %. Tensile modulus and stiffness observed increased at 0.9 wt % GPTS loading. Flexural as well as impact strength of the composite decreased with increase in GPTS loading by weight %. Dielectric strength of the composite also found increased marginally up to 0.5wt % silane loading and thereafter remained constant., {"references":["A.K. Rana, A. Mandal, and S. Bandopadhyay, \"Short jute fiber\nreinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of compatibiliser, impact\nmodifier and fiber loading,\" Composite Science Tech., vol. 63 (6), 2003,\npp.801-806,.","T. Nishino, K. Hirao, M. Kotera, K. Nakamae, and H. Inagaki, \"Kenaf\nreinforced biodegradable composites,\" Composite science Tech.,\nvol.63(9), 2003, pp.1281-1286.","L.M. Arzondo, C.J. Perez, and J.M. Corella, \"Injection molding of long\nsisal fiber-reinforced polypropylene: Effects of compatibiliser\nconcentration and viscosity on fiber adhesion and thermal degradation,\"\nPolymer Eng Sci.., vol.45 (4), 2005, pp.613–621.","K.C. Nair, S. Thomas, and G. Groeninckx, \"Thermal dynamic\nmechanical analysis of polystyrene composite reinforced with short sisal\nfiber,\" Composites Science and Technology, vol. 61(16), 2001,\npp.2519–2529.","Y. Pang, D. Cho, S.O. Han, and W.H. Park, \"Interfacial strength and\nthermal properties of electron beam treated henequen fibers reinforced\nunsaturated polyester composites, vol.13(5),2005, pp453-459.","G.C. Yang, H.M. Zeng, and J.J. Li, \"Study of sisal fiber /phenol\nformaldehyde resin composite (in Chinese),\" Journal of Fiber\nReinforced Plastics/Composites, vol.3,1997, pp.12-14.","M. Anguilar-Vegaand, and C.A. Cruz-Ramos, \"Properties of henequen\ncellulosic fibers,\" Appl Polym Sci., vol. 56(10), 1995, pp.1245-1252.","Y. Xie, A.S. Callum, Z. Xiao, H. Militz, and C. Mai, \"Silane coupling\nagents used for natural fiber/polymer composites: A review,\" \nComposites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol.41 (7),\n2010 pp.806-819.","H.S. Lee, and D. Cho, \"Effect of natural fiber surface treatment on the\ninterfacial & mechanical properties of henequen/polypropylene\nbiocomposites,\" Macromolecular Research, vol. 16(5), 2008, pp.411-\n417.\n[10] N. Phueakbuakhao, W. Prissanaroon-ouajai, and N.Kreua-ongarjnukool,\n\"Effect of coupling agent on mechanical properties and morphology of\nCaCO3 filled recycled High Density Polyethylene,\" Journal of Metals,\nMaterials & Minerals, vol. 18(2),2008 pp.131-135.\n[11] Z.H. Liu, K.W. Kwok, R.K.Y. Li ,and C.L. Choy, \"Effects of coupling\nagent & morphology on the impact strength of High Density\nPolyethylene/CaCO3 Composite,\" Polymer, vol.3 (8),2002, pp. 2501-\n2506.\n[12] J. Gonzalez, C. Albano, I. Lehazo, and B. Diaz, \"Effects of coupling\nagent on mechanical and morphological behaviour of PP/HDPE blend\nwith the two different CaCO3,\" European Polymer Journal, vol. 38(12),\n2012, pp.2465-2475.\n[13] S.R. Liamazares, A. Zuniga, J. Castano, and L.R. Radovic,\n\"Comparative study of maleated PP as a coupling agent for recycled\nlow-density polyethylene/wood floor composites,\" Journal of Applied\nPolymer Science, vol. 122(3), 2011, pp.1731-1741.\n[14] X. Yuan, D. Bhattacharyya, and A. Easteal, \"Effects of coupling agent\non mechanical performance of Polyethylene composite comprising\nWallastonite microfibers,\" Key Engineering materials, vol. 334-\n335,2007, pp.265-268.\n[15] R.G. Raj, B.V. Kotka, D. Maidas, and C. Daneault, \"Use of wood fiber\nin thermoplastics: The effect of coupling agent in Polyethylene-Wood\nfiber composites,\" Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 37(4),\n1989, pp.1089-1103.\n[16] N.Chand, and U.K. Dwivedi, \"Effects of coupling agent on abrasive\nwear behaviour of chopped jute fiber-reinforced PP composites,\" Wear,\nvol.261, 2006, pp.1057-1063.\n[17] O.M.L. Asumani, R.G. Reid, and R. Paskaramoorthy, \"The effects of\nalkali-silane treatment on the tensile and flexural properties of short\nfiber non-woven Kenaf reinforced PP composites,\" Composites Part A:\nApp. Sci. and Manufacturing, vol. 43(9), 2012, pp.1431-1440.\n[18] P.A.Mahanwar, and P.R.Gaikwad, \"Effect of coupling agent on the\nproperties of short non-woven PET microfiber reinforced PP\ncomposites,\" International Journal of Chemical, Environmental &\nBiological Sciences vol.2 (5), 2014, pp.175-180."]}

Objective: Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition and is mainly associated with the chewing of areca nut. This study was undertaken to correlate the etiological factors (duration, frequency, style and chewing habit) associated with OSF with clinical grading and histological staging. Methodology: A total of 50 clinically and histopathologically diagnosed cases of OSF were included in the study. Detailed clinical examination of each patient was done; emphasizing on their habit. Clinical grading and histological staging of each case was done and the data was recorded in a prescribed format. Statistical analysis was done using chi-square test. Result and observation: A total of 50 subjects were studied, with a male to female ratio of 7.3:1 with age range of 20-30 year. Gutkha-chewing habit alone was identified in 46% of subjects and those associated with gutkha and tobacco were 33.3% with a mean ± S.D =32 ± 11.51. Conclusion: The widespread habit of chewing gutkha plays a major role in the development of Oral Submucous Fibrosis than any other habit. The duration and frequency of its use and type of areca nut product has effect on the incidence and severity of OSF.

Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a common potentially malignant disease, which is characterized by generalized fibrosis of the oral soft tissues. It is due to disproportion in the collagen deposition and degradation. The excess deposition of collagen results in juxta epithelial fibro elastic changes and epithelial atrophy. Neoplastic changes in the epithelium usually precede the changes in the connective tissue. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the changes in birefringence of collagen using picrosirius stain and compare with haematoxylin and eosin stained section.The study was conducted on 50 subjects, which included 45 patients diagnosed with different functional and histopathological grades of OSMF and 5 in control group. Picrosirius red stain was used to analyze collagen both histopathologically and qualitatively using polarizing microscopy. Chi-square test at p value0.05 was used to analyze the results and the significance was tabulated.Collagen fibers showed mixed birefringence with a shift in polarizing colour from yellow to red-orange in lamina propria, around the muscle and blood vessels, which was correlating with the conventional HE stain.The results of present study show a significant change in birefringence of collagen between the various components of connective tissue. This change in birefringence colors and arrangement of collagen fibers might give an assumption of impending neoplastic change in OSMF. How to cite the article: Velidandla S, Gaikwad P, Ealla KK, Bhorgonde KD, Hunsingi P, Kumar A. Histochemical analysis of polarizing colors of collagen using Picrosirius Red staining in oral submucous fibrosis. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(1):33-8.