100 results on '"Preetham, Elumalai"'
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2. Phytotherapy and combined nanoformulations as a promising disease management in aquaculture: a review
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Jeyavani, Jeyaraj, Sibiya, Ashokkumar, Sivakamavalli, Jeyachandran, Divya, Mani, Preetham, Elumalai, Vaseeharan, Baskaralingam, and Faggio, Caterina
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- 2022
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3. Effects of green tea- and amla extracts on quality and melanosis of Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus, Milne Edwards, 1837) during chilled storage
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Aimen Firdous, Einar Ringø, and Preetham Elumalai
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Indian white prawn ,Amla extract ,Green tea extract ,Lipid oxidation ,Melanosis ,Quality ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
Effect of ethanol extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn) were investigated on quality and melanosis of chilled stored Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus) during 28 days. Extracts were subjected to antioxidant assays viz.1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical reducing power methods (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) to evaluate antioxidant potentiality and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to identify organic constituents. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition was assessed to check the efficacy of the extracts as anti-melanogenic agents. Biochemical (total volatile nitrogen, free fatty acid and peroxide values), bacteriological (aerobic counts), melanosis inhibition and sensory quality of chilled stored shrimp were addressed to investigate the efficacy of extracts as preservative and anti-melanogenic remedy. Free reducing power of green tea - and amla extracts were in a range of 28.72–65.67%and 17.38–66.95%, respectively. Phenolic content level was almost same for green tea and amla extract (2.46 ± 0.002 and 2.51 ± 0.036 mg GAE/gram). Total antioxidant capacity of green tea (210.33 ± 4.63 mg EqAsc/g) was slightly higher than that of amla extracts (145.56 ± 1.98 mg EqAsc/g). FRAP value revealed that green tea(477.49 ± 3.25 mgE Fe (II)/g) had more ferric reducing power than amla (324.39 ± 5.85 mgE Fe (II)/g).FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of essential organic bioactive compounds, which play an important role in reducing lipid oxidation and quality loss, and both extracts possess an encouraging PPO inhibition ability. Treatment by green tea - and amla extracts on chilled stored shrimp showed promising effects on biochemical and microbiological parameters followed by melanosis inhibition and enhanced sensory attributes. Treated Indian white prawn with green tea – and amla extract revealed significantly (P
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- 2021
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4. Acetylsalicylic acid improves cognitive performance in sleep deprived adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) model
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Muhammed Bishir, Muhammed Aslam, Abid Bhat, Bipul Ray, Preetham Elumalai, Jyothi Priya R, Luay Rashan, Jian Yang, Sulie L. Chang, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, Meena Kishore Sakharkar, and Saravana Babu Chidambaram
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sleep deprivation ,acetylsalicylic acid ,tmaze ,spinning task ,cognition ,neuro-immune ,zebrafish ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is commonly associated with decreased attention, reduced responsiveness to external stimuli, and impaired locomotor and cognitive performances. Strong evidence indicates that SD disrupts neuro-immuno-endocrine system which is also linked to cognitive function. Recently Zebrafish have emerged as a powerful model sharing organizational and functional characteristics with other vertebrates, providing great translational relevance with rapid and reliable screening results. In the current study, we examined the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on cognitive and locomotor activity in sleep deprived Zebrafish model. Learning and memory were assessed by T-maze and locomotor activity was assessed by partition preference and swimming time in spinning tasks. Furthermore, brain bioavailability of aspirin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Following drug exposure and tasks, histopathology of the brain was performed. It was observed that three-day SD significantly reduces learning and memory and locomotion in the Zebrafish. Aspirin was found to restore SD induced cognitive decline and improve the locomotor functions. Neuro-inflammation and impaired functional network connectivity is linked to cognitive defects, which implicate the possible benefits of immunotherapeutics. In the present study, aspirin decreased neutrophil infiltration, and increased spine density in dentate gyrus granular and shrinkage and basophil in the CA1 neurons of hippocampus. This hints the benefit of aspirin on neuroimmune functions in sleep deprived fish and warrants more studies to establish the clear molecular mechanism behind this protective effect.
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- 2021
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5. Antibiofilm and anticancer potential of β-glucan-binding protein-encrusted zinc oxide nanoparticles
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Divya, Mani, Govindarajan, Marimuthu, Karthikeyan, Sivashanmugam, Preetham, Elumalai, Alharbi, Naiyf S., Kadaikunnan, Shine, Khaled, Jamal M., Almanaa, Taghreed N., and Vaseeharan, Baskaralingam
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- 2020
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6. Pseudomonas putida: Sensitivity to Various Antibiotics, Genetic Diversity, Virulence, and Role of Formic Acid to Modulate the Immune-Antioxidant Status of the Challenged Nile tilapia Compared to Carvacrol Oil
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Othman M. Alzahrani, Preetham Elumalai, Hend S. Nada, Shaimaa A. A. Ahmed, Asmaa W. Zaglool, Sherif M. Shawky, Mohamed Alkafafy, and Heba H. Mahboub
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Pseudomonas putida ,genetic diversity and virulence ,formic acid ,immune-antioxidant status ,Nile tilapia ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
The Pseudomonas putida strain was primarily identified and tested in vitro against antibiotic sensitivity for several antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. This isolate was also tested against sensitivity to carvacrol oil (c) and formic acid (f). The genotyping of Pseudomonas spp. and virulotyping for P. putida isolate was carried out and verified by 16S rDNA-PCR amplification. Furthermore, we assessed the efficacy of carvacrol oil and formic acid in vivo for treatment of P. Putida infection. For the in vivo challenge, 180 fish (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus) were divided into six groups: (G1: control (unchallenged), G2: carvacrol prophylaxis (3 g/kg), G3: formic acid prophylaxis (5 mL/kg), G4: control positive (challenged), G5: carvacrol treatment (3 g/kg), and G6: formic acid treatment (5 mL/kg); 30 fish per group) with three replicates. Following the challenge, nitric oxide and lysozyme activity were measured as essential indicators for fish immunity. The antioxidant parameters including SOD and catalase were computed to reflect the antioxidant status. Furthermore, relative percent survival (RPS) and mortality percent were evaluated to indicate functional immunity. The findings of the antibiotic sensitivity test showed that ciprofloxacin exhibited the largest inhibition zone. Additionally, formic acid (f) displayed the greatest inhibition zone compared to carvacrol oil (c) and was more effective in stimulating the immune-antioxidant response compared to carvacrol oil. The tested exotoxin A (tox A), exoenzyme S (exo S), and the nan1 associated-virulence genes were identified in the P. putida isolate. Overall, the current study verified the virulence of P. putida and highlighted the promising role of dietary addition of formic acid for enhancing the immune-antioxidant indicators and for mitigating P. putida infection. Future studies could be devoted to this field.
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- 2022
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7. Immersion Vaccination by a Biomimetic-Mucoadhesive Nanovaccine Induces Humoral Immune Response of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) against Flavobacterium columnare Challenge
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Sirikorn Kitiyodom, Teerapong Yata, Kim D. Thompson, Janina Costa, Preetham Elumalai, Takayuki Katagiri, Sasithon Temisak, Katawut Namdee, Channarong Rodkhum, and Nopadon Pirarat
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red tilapia ,systemic immune response ,columnaris disease ,nano-immersion vaccine ,Medicine - Abstract
Immersion vaccination with a biomimetic mucoadhesive nanovaccine has been shown to induce a strong mucosal immune response against columnaris disease, a serious bacterial disease in farmed red tilapia caused by Flavobacterium columnare. However, the induction of a systemic immune response by the vaccine is yet to be investigated. Here, we examine if a specific humoral immune response is stimulated in tilapia by a biomimetic-mucoadhesive nanovaccine against Flavobacterium columnare using an indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and the expression of immune-related genes within the head-kidney and spleen, together with assessing the relative percent survival of vaccinated fish after experimentally infecting them with F. columnare. The anti-IgM antibody titer of fish at 14 and 21 days post-vaccination was significantly higher in chitosan complex nanoemulsion (CS-NE) vaccinated fish compared to fish vaccinated with the formalin-killed vaccine or control fish, supporting the serum bactericidal activity results at these time points. The cumulative mortality of the unvaccinated control fish was 87% after challenging fish with the pathogen, while the cumulative mortality of the CS-NE vaccinated group was 24%, which was significantly lower than the formalin-killed vaccinated and control fish. There was a significant upregulation of IgM, IgT, TNF α, and IL1-β genes in the spleen and kidney of vaccinated fish. Significant upregulation of IgM and IgT genes was observed in the spleen of CS-NE vaccinated fish. The study confirmed the charged-chitosan-based mucoadhesive nanovaccine to be an effective platform for immersion vaccination of tilapia, with fish generating a humoral systemic immune response against columnaris disease in vaccinated fish.
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- 2021
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8. Novel Advancements in Vaccine Delivery and Methods of Vaccination
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Abdullah Bin Abdul Nazar, Muhammed Salih Salim, Anuj Sharma, Sanchu Prakash, Malavika Biju Reni, Meril Mary Mathew, Muzammil Siddiqui, Subramaniam Sivakumar, Sreeja Lakshmi, and Preetham Elumalai
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- 2023
9. Fish Vaccines
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Preetham Elumalai, Kim Thompson, and Sreeja Lakshmi
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- 2023
10. Inhibition of Melanosis and Quality Changes on Indian White Prawn Treated with Lemon and Pomelo Peel Extracts Conjugated with Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles during Chilled Storage
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Praveenkumar Pandiyan, Ajeet Soni, and Preetham Elumalai
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Aquatic Science ,Food Science - Published
- 2022
11. Tilapia lake virus disease: Vaccine strategies to control the threat to tilapia aquaculture
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Sreeja Lakshmi, David Smith, Ha Thanh Dong, Kim D. Thompson, and Preetham Elumalai
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Ecology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science - Published
- 2023
12. Nanotechnology: A Novel Tool for Aquaculture Feed Development
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Digi George, Sreeja Lakshmi, Anuj Sharma, Sanchu Prakash, Muzammil Siddiqui, B. R. Malavika, and Preetham Elumalai
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- 2023
13. GR15 peptide of S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMe) from Arthrospira platensis demonstrated antioxidant mechanism against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in in-vitro MDCK cells and in-vivo zebrafish larvae model
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Aziz Arshad, Ki Choon Choi, Ajay Guru, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Preetham Elumalai, Jesu Arockiaraj, Manikandan Velayutham, and Mariadhas Valan Arasu
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antioxidant ,ABTS ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Acridine orange ,Bioengineering ,Peptide ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,In vitro ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,In vivo ,medicine ,Oxidative stress ,Biotechnology - Abstract
GR15 is a short molecule or peptide composed of aliphatic amino acids and possesses to have antioxidant properties. The GR15, 1GGGAFSGKDPTKVDR15 was identified from the protein S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMe) expressed during the sulfur departed state of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina or cyanobacteria). The in-silico assessment and the structural features of GR15 showed its antioxidant potency. Real-time PCR analysis found the up-regulation of ApSAMe expression on day 15 against oxidative stress due to 10 mM H2O2 treatment in A. platensis (Ap). The antioxidant activity of GR15 was accessed by the cell-free antioxidant assays such as ABTS, SARS, HRAS and NO; the results showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The toxicity assay was performed in both in vitro and in vivo models, in which peptide does not exhibit any toxicity in MDCK cell and zebrafish embryos. The intercellular ROS reduction potential of GR15 peptide was also investigated in both in vitro and in vivo models including LDH assay, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), and fluorescent staining assay (DCFDA, Hochest and Acridine orange sting) was performed; the results showed that the GR15 peptide was effectively reduced the ROS level. Further, RT-PCR demonstrated that GR15 enhanced the antioxidant property and also up-regulated the antioxidant gene, thus reduced the ROS level in both in vitro and in vivo models. Based on the results obtained from this study, we propose that GR15 has the potential antioxidant ability; hence further research can be directed towards the therapeutic product or drug development against disease caused by oxidative stress.
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- 2021
14. Effective Treatment of Curry (Murraya koenigii) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaves Extracts on Melanosis of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during Chilled Storage
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Ajeet Soni, Praveenkumar Pandiyan, and Preetham Elumalai
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Murraya ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,fungi ,Litopenaeus ,Curry ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Shrimp ,Melanosis ,Moringa ,medicine ,Effective treatment ,Treatment effect ,computer ,Food Science ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
This study investigated the treatment effect of curry leaves extract (CLE) and moringa leaves extract (MLE) on the melanosis of Pacific white shrimp during 15 days of chilled storage. These extract...
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- 2021
15. Suitable ratio of dietary L-carnitine and α-ketoglutarate improves growth and health performance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
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Amitha Kurian, Uzma Soharwardi, Nikhila Peter, Sweta Das, Rachel Fernandez, Namitha Dileep, Chiranjiv Pradhan, and Preetham Elumalai
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food.ingredient ,Protein efficiency ratio ,Physiology ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Weight Gain ,Biochemistry ,Feed conversion ratio ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nile tilapia ,food ,Carnitine ,medicine ,Animals ,Food science ,Triglyceride ,Tilapia ,Cichlids ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Oreochromis ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Digestive enzyme ,biology.protein ,Ketoglutaric Acids ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain - Abstract
L-carnitine (LC) and α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) are important growth promoters used in aquafeed. The study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of LC and AKG at different ratios in the diet of tilapia (initial weight 1.38 ± 0.03 g) in order to facilitate lipid utilization and protein synthesis. Fish were fed six isonitrogenous (~ 30 g/100 g CP) and isolipidic (~ 6 g/100 g CL) diets containing graded LC/AKG ratios of 0 (Control), 0.11, 0.42, 1.00, 2.33 and 9.00 in six treatments for 60 days. Fish fed with LC/AKG ratios 2.33 and 9.00 showed significantly (P
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- 2021
16. Antibacterial Activity of RM12, a Tachykinin Derivative, Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Purabi Sarkar, Preetham Elumalai, Stefi V. Raju, M. Aminur Rahman, Arshad Mehmood Abbasi, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Jesu Arockiaraj, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, and Dunia A. Al-Farraj
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Infectivity ,medicine.drug_class ,Chemistry ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Antibiotics ,Antimicrobial peptides ,Bioengineering ,Antimicrobial ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Microbiology ,Multiple drug resistance ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Antibacterial activity ,Pathogen - Abstract
Bacterial infections are increasing in recent years and developing with more resistance to antibiotics. There is a need of designing antimicrobial peptides (AMP) against these bacterial pathogens. In this study, we derived an AMP, substance P (SP) named RM12, from tachykinin protein obtained from an earlier developed transcriptome library of a teleost, Channa striatus. This, RM12 which is similar to SP was functional against multidrug resistance bacteria (MDR) or one of the ESKAPE pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25668 which causes nosocomial infections in human beings. The RM12 peptide sequence obtained from tachykinin protein was screened using antimicrobial prediction programs, which showed the possible antimicrobial performance of RM12, thus the peptide was synthesized with 96.83% HPLC purity. The toxicity of RM12 was analyzed using human blood cells and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells that showed the safeties of RM12 usage. The antibacterial activities of RM12 including antibiofilm were determined using different assays and exhibited the peptide potent against the MDR or ESKAPE pathogen, P. aeruginosa ATCC 25668. Moreover, the mechanism of action of RM12 against P. aeruginosa ATCC 25668 was determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence assisted cell sorter flow cytometer analysis; both the analysis confirmed bacterial membrane disruption due to RM12. Further, in vitro infectivity assays were performed in HDF cells infected with P. aeruginosa ATCC 25668 that showed the longer duration, as well as the higher concentration of RM12, reduced the bacterial viability. Hence, it can be concluded that RM12 can be used as a potent antimicrobial source against the MDR or ESKAPE pathogen, P. aeruginosa ATCC 25668; however, further clinical trials need to be carried out to find out the possibility of RM12 usage in the pharmaceutical industry.
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- 2021
17. Present and future: the effects and possible solutions of microplastics in the marine/aquatic environment
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Anuj Sharma, Sanchu Prakash, Malavika B.R, Meril Mary Mathew, Federica Arrigo, Sreeja Lakshmi, Preetham Elumalai, Rosa Freitas, and Caterina Faggio
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Anthropogenic activities have degraded the marine ecosystem badly, among which microplastic (MPs) is the primary cause. The use of MPs is increasing at extraordinary haste while the recycling and reuse are very low. They are dumped in water bodies that sequentially enter the marine ecosystem. Recently scientists have observed the presence of MPs in various tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract and some immune organs. The major problem arises when it affects the human population severely. The consumption of MPs-affected fish cause accumulation in the food chain resulting in biomagnification. It affects human health by interfering with the gut microbiome, immune response, etc. We can decrease the impact of MPs by reducing their production and detecting them in aqua-consuming organisms. There are different techniques to diagnose the concentration of MPs inside marine organisms before processing. Removal of the gut of marine food organisms before consumption is also an excellent way to reduce the impact of MPs on health, but it is not possible for small fish. So, some limits should be applied to impose the production of MPs and enhance the use of biodegradable products for human health considerations. Some protocols should be set on the boundary of MPs’ concentration for fish marketing and processing.
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- 2022
18. Geographical distribution of complement receptor type 1 variants and their associated disease risk.
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Thaisa Lucas Sandri, Selorme Adukpo, Dao Phuong Giang, Christian N Nguetse, Fabiana Antunes Andrade, Hoang van Tong, Nguyen Linh Toan, Le Huu Song, Preetham Elumalai, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri, Francine Ntoumi, Christian G Meyer, Iara Jose de Messias Reason, Peter G Kremsner, and Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND:Pathogens exert selective pressure which may lead to substantial changes in host immune responses. The human complement receptor type 1 (CR1) is an innate immune recognition glycoprotein that regulates the activation of the complement pathway and removes opsonized immune complexes. CR1 genetic variants in exon 29 have been associated with expression levels, C1q or C3b binding and increased susceptibility to several infectious diseases. Five distinct CR1 nucleotide substitutions determine the Knops blood group phenotypes, namely Kna/b, McCa/b, Sl1/Sl2, Sl4/Sl5 and KCAM+/-. METHODS:CR1 variants were genotyped by direct sequencing in a cohort of 441 healthy individuals from Brazil, Vietnam, India, Republic of Congo and Ghana. RESULTS:The distribution of the CR1 alleles, genotypes and haplotypes differed significantly among geographical settings (p≤0.001). CR1 variants rs17047660A/G (McCa/b) and rs17047661A/G (Sl1/Sl2) were exclusively observed to be polymorphic in African populations compared to the groups from Asia and South-America, strongly suggesting that these two SNPs may be subjected to selection. This is further substantiated by a high linkage disequilibrium between the two variants in the Congolese and Ghanaian populations. A total of nine CR1 haplotypes were observed. The CR1*AGAATA haplotype was found more frequently among the Brazilian and Vietnamese study groups; the CR1*AGAATG haplotype was frequent in the Indian and Vietnamese populations, while the CR1*AGAGTG haplotype was frequent among Congolese and Ghanaian individuals. CONCLUSION:The African populations included in this study might have a selective advantage conferred to immune genes involved in pathogen recognition and signaling, possibly contributing to disease susceptibility or resistance.
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- 2017
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19. Shrimp lectin–conjugated copper sulfide nanoparticles enhance immune response and gene expression in Etroplus suratensis infected with Aeromonas hydrophila
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Baskaralingam Vaseeharan, Sekar Vijayakumar, Jesu Arockiaraj, Mani Divya, Sreeja Lakshmi, Abdul Salam Rubeena, Veerappan Anbazhagan, and Preetham Elumalai
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0106 biological sciences ,biology ,medicine.drug_class ,Chemistry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,fungi ,Lectin ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,01 natural sciences ,Immunostimulant ,Microbiology ,Respiratory burst ,Aeromonas hydrophila ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,Immune system ,040102 fisheries ,biology.protein ,medicine ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,sense organs ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Peroxidase - Abstract
Lectins are hemagglutinating glycoproteins which act as pathogen recognition receptors that can bind to the pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Shrimp lectin (Md-Lec) is a lectin that is reported to have antimicrobial property. In this study, the CuS nanoparticles (CuS NPs) which were previously reported to have wide range of antimicrobial activity were conjugated with Md-Lec. Thus, their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against aquatic pathogens was reduced four times than that of their individual activity. Moreover, antibacterial and antibiofilm assay was performed with Md-Lec, pCuS NPs, and Md-Lec conjugated with pCuS NPs (Md-Lec-pCuS NPs) against Aeromonas hydrophila at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. The hydrophobicity index and EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) production of A. hydrophila were decreased after treating with Md-Lec-pCuS NPs. The non-specific immune parameters—lysozyme assay, peroxidase assay, and respiratory burst activity—were elevated considerably in the infected fishes that are treated with Md-Lec-pCuS NPs at their MIC. Further, immune gene (COX2, MyD88, and LEC) expression analysis at different time intervals was also done in the infected Etroplus suratensis that are treated with Md-Lec-pCuS NPs at 3.13 μM concentration. The results reveal that the immune gene expression was upregulated at the 6th hour of infection in the infected fish that are treated with Md-Lec-pCuS NPs (3.13 μM) and thus it can be used as a therapeutic agent which can act as an immunostimulant for the production of disease-free fishes in aquaculture industry.
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- 2021
20. Study on the impacts of chemical and green synthesized (Leucas aspera and oxy-cyclodextrin complex) dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Preetham Elumalai and Amitha Kurian
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Gill ,Histology ,Antioxidant ,ZnO nanoparticle ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Leucas aspera ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Zinc ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Acclimatization ,Green synthesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nile tilapia ,medicine ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Chemical synthesis ,Food science ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cyclodextrins ,0303 health sciences ,Toxicity ,biology ,Chemistry ,Immunity ,Oxides ,Cichlids ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Bioaccumulation ,Animal Feed ,Pollution ,Diet ,Oreochromis ,Dietary Supplements ,Nanoparticles ,Zinc Oxide ,Research Article - Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the health effects of dietary nanozinc prepared by two methods: conventional chemical method and green method. The parameters evaluated were the extent of bioaccumulation, antioxidant status, histological, immunological changes and DNA damage in Nile tilapia fed nanozinc feed. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were first prepared by green and chemical methods. Before feed preparation, the in vitro antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of both types of nanoparticle solutions were tested and the results revealed enhanced activities in green synthesized ZnO NP solution. After the acclimatization period, 420 Nile tilapias were distributed randomly into 21 glass tanks with 20 fish per tank in triplicates. Fish were fed control diet without any ZnO NP and (i) GT1—green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 100 mg/kg, (ii) CT1—chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 100 mg/kg, (iii) GT2—green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 200 mg/kg, (iv) CT2—chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 200 mg/kg, (v) GT3—green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 400 mg/kg and (vi) CT3—chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 400 mg/kg for 60 days. After 60 days, gill and liver samples were collected for analysing oxidative stress, histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation of zinc, whereas serum samples were collected for evaluating immune response. The results revealed that the GT3 diet significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the level of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GSH) than dietary nanozinc prepared by the chemical method. Similarly, the innate immunological parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) augmented in fish fed GT3 diet. Comparative histological study of liver and gill tissues revealed normal architecture in the tissues of fish fed green synthesized NP–enriched feed, whereas the tissues of fish fed chemically synthesized NP feed exhibited histological alterations. Bioaccumulation of zinc was more in the liver followed by the muscle and least in the gills and DNA damage was more evident in fish fed chemically synthesized ZnO NP–enriched feed. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inclusion of 400 mg/kg GT3 diet in fish diet enhanced the level of antioxidant enzymes, boosted immune response and did not cause histological damage to organs, and therefore, GT3 nanofeed can be recommended for fish health improvement.
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- 2021
21. Pathogenic bacterial toxins and virulence influences in cultivable fish
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Purabi Sarkar, Aziz Arshad, Stefi V. Raju, Preetham Elumalai, Jesu Arockiaraj, and Praveen Kumar Issac
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Microbial toxins ,medicine ,Virulence ,%22">Fish ,Pathogenic bacteria ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology - Published
- 2021
22. Phytolectin conjugated positively charged fatty acid amide impairs virulence factors and inhibits cross-kingdom biofilm formation of Candida albicans and uropathogenic Escherichia coli
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Siva Bala Subramaniyan, Fuad Ameen, Dharshini Karnan Singaravelu, Preetham Elumalai, Sartaj Ahmed Bhat, and Anbazhagan Veerappan
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Anti-Infective Agents ,Virulence Factors ,Biofilms ,Candida albicans ,Fatty Acids ,Uropathogenic Escherichia coli ,General Medicine ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Amides ,Biotechnology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents - Abstract
Aim Polymicrobial biofilm encasing cross-kingdom micro-organisms are apparent in medicine, which imposes serious resistance to conventional antimicrobial treatment. The objective of the study was to explore Butea monosperma seed lectin (BMSL) conjugated antimicrobial lipid, 2-((N-[2-hydroxyethyl]palmitamido)methyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide (cN16E) to inhibit mixed-species biofilm of uropathogenic Escherichia coli–Candida albicans. Methods and Results Antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm of cN16E and cN16E-BMSL conjugate (BcN16E) were analysed against single- and mixed microbial cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicates that the MIC of cN16E-BMSL conjugate (BcN16E) against cohabiting UPEC-C. albicans was eightfold lower than the cN16E. BcN16E affects membrane integrity to elicit antimicrobial activity. BcN16E inhibits the dual-species biofilm even with 16 times lower MIC of cN16E. BcN16E impairs the biofilm-associated virulence factors which include extracellular polysaccharides, cell surface hydrophobicity, swimming, swarming motilities, hyphal filamentous morphology, curli formation and haemolysin activity. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated BcN16E ability to inhibit dual-species biofilm formation on a urinary catheter. Conclusion The study revealed that the BcN16E is better than cN16E in impairing biofilm-associated virulence factors and exerting antimicrobial activity. Significance and Impact of the Study The findings emphasize that phytolectin has the potential to enhance the anti-virulence strategies of antimicrobials against cross-kingdom biofilm-related infections.
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- 2022
23. Prophylaxis Through Marine-Derived Bioactive Compounds Toward Neurodegenerative Disorders
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Abdullah Bin Abdul Nazar, K. A. Adhila Beegam, Aneetta Skinner, Debarghya Ghosh Dastidar, Emmanuel Joseph Antony, B. R. Malavika, Muzammil Siddiqui, Rinsa Mol, and Preetham Elumalai
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- 2022
24. Comparative evaluation on the toxic effect of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on different trophic levels in aquatic ecosystems: A review
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Sibiya, Ashokkumar, primary, Jeyavani, Jeyaraj, additional, Santhanam, Perumal, additional, Preetham, Elumalai, additional, Freitas, Rosa, additional, and Vaseeharan, Baskaralingam, additional
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- 2022
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25. Herbal Immunomodulators in Aquaculture
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Sreeja Lakshmi, María Ángeles Esteban, Preetham Elumalai, Amitha Kurian, Einar Ringø, and Caterina Faggio
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Aquaculture ,disease resistance ,growth ,immunostimulation ,plant compounds ,Immunity ,business.industry ,%22">Fish ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,business ,Antimicrobial ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Among immunostimulants used in aquaculture, herbal is promising due to their propensities to improve growth performance, fish immunity, and their antimicrobial properties, as they are good alternat...
- Published
- 2020
26. Pathogenicity and Pathobiology of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) Causing Fungus Aphanomyces invadans and Its Immunological Response in Fish
- Author
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Stefi V. Raju, Preetham Elumalai, Aziz Arshad, Praveen Kumar I, Ajay Guru, Jesu Arockiaraj, Purabi Sarkar, and Manikandan
- Subjects
biology ,Fungus ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Pathogenicity ,digestive system diseases ,Microbiology ,Immune system ,Aphanomyces invadans ,%22">Fish ,Pathogen ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Epizootic ulcerative syndrome - Abstract
Aphanomyces invadans, an oomycyte fungus most frequently recognized as a causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) is a seasonal epidemic pathogen of great importance in wild and farme...
- Published
- 2020
27. Antibacterial Effect of a Short Peptide, VV18, from Calcineurin-A of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Antibiofilm Agent Against Escherichia coli and a Bacterial Membrane Disruptor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Author
-
Gayathri Ravichandran, Purabi Sarkar, Tse-Wei Chen, Khalid S. Almaary, Mohamed S. Elshikh, Preetham Elumalai, Harikrishnan Ramasamy, Kanchana Karuppiah, and Jesu Arockiaraj
- Subjects
Drug Discovery ,Molecular Medicine ,Bioengineering ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry - Published
- 2021
28. Immersion Vaccination by a Biomimetic-Mucoadhesive Nanovaccine Induces Humoral Immune Response of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) against Flavobacterium columnare Challenge
- Author
-
Preetham Elumalai, Janina Z. Costa, Nopadon Pirarat, Kim D. Thompson, Channarong Rodkhum, Teerapong Yata, Takayuki Katagiri, Katawut Namdee, Sirikorn Kitiyodom, and Sasithon Temisak
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Immunology ,Spleen ,Microbiology ,food ,Immune system ,nano-immersion vaccine ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Pharmacology ,red tilapia ,Bacterial disease ,biology ,Antibody titer ,Tilapia ,biology.organism_classification ,systemic immune response ,Vaccination ,Oreochromis ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,columnaris disease ,Flavobacterium columnare ,Medicine - Abstract
Immersion vaccination with a biomimetic mucoadhesive nanovaccine has been shown to induce a strong mucosal immune response against columnaris disease, a serious bacterial disease in farmed red tilapia caused by Flavobacterium columnare. However, the induction of a systemic immune response by the vaccine is yet to be investigated. Here, we examine if a specific humoral immune response is stimulated in tilapia by a biomimetic-mucoadhesive nanovaccine against Flavobacterium columnare using an indirect-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and the expression of immune-related genes within the head-kidney and spleen, together with assessing the relative percent survival of vaccinated fish after experimentally infecting them with F. columnare. The anti-IgM antibody titer of fish at 14 and 21 days post-vaccination was significantly higher in chitosan complex nanoemulsion (CS-NE) vaccinated fish compared to fish vaccinated with the formalin-killed vaccine or control fish, supporting the serum bactericidal activity results at these time points. The cumulative mortality of the unvaccinated control fish was 87% after challenging fish with the pathogen, while the cumulative mortality of the CS-NE vaccinated group was 24%, which was significantly lower than the formalin-killed vaccinated and control fish. There was a significant upregulation of IgM, IgT, TNF α, and IL1-β genes in the spleen and kidney of vaccinated fish. Significant upregulation of IgM and IgT genes was observed in the spleen of CS-NE vaccinated fish. The study confirmed the charged-chitosan-based mucoadhesive nanovaccine to be an effective platform for immersion vaccination of tilapia, with fish generating a humoral systemic immune response against columnaris disease in vaccinated fish.
- Published
- 2021
29. Effect of Leucas aspera Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Immunity and Gene Expression Evaluation
- Author
-
Einar Ringø, Caterina Faggio, Preetham Elumalai, Sreeja Lakshmi, Amitha Kurian, and Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Subjects
Nile tilapia ,Aeromonas hydrophila ,Oreochromis ,biology ,Immunity ,Gene expression ,Leucas aspera ,Disease resistance ,Growth performance ,Hematology ,Serum immunology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology - Abstract
The present study addressed the effects of Leucas aspera enriched diet in Nile tilapia. Three hundred Nile tilapia were fed Leucas aspera as follows: 0 g kg-1 L. aspera (C-control), 5 g kg-1 L. aspera (T1), 10 g kg-1 L. aspera (T2) and 15 g kg-1 L. aspera (T3). After 30 days of feeding, significant (P
- Published
- 2021
30. Effects of lemon and pomelo peel extracts on quality and melanosis of Indian white prawn during chilled storage
- Author
-
Praveenkumar Pandiyan, Ajeet Soni, and Preetham Elumalai
- Subjects
White (horse) ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,medicine ,Prawn ,General Chemistry ,Food science ,medicine.disease ,Food Science ,Melanosis - Published
- 2021
31. GR15 peptide of S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMe) from Arthrospira platensis demonstrated antioxidant mechanism against H
- Author
-
Manikandan, Velayutham, Ajay, Guru, Mariadhas Valan, Arasu, Naif Abdullah, Al-Dhabi, Ki Choon, Choi, Preetham, Elumalai, Ramasamy, Harikrishnan, Aziz, Arshad, and Jesu, Arockiaraj
- Subjects
Oxidative Stress ,S-Adenosylmethionine ,Dogs ,Larva ,Spirulina ,Animals ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Peptides ,Antioxidants ,Zebrafish ,Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells - Abstract
GR15 is a short molecule or peptide composed of aliphatic amino acids and possesses to have antioxidant properties. The GR15
- Published
- 2021
32. Effect of Stachyose on Growth, Non-Specific Immune Response, and Disease Resistance in Oreochromis Niloticus
- Author
-
Einar Ringø, Preetham Elumalai, Jesu Arokiaraj, Vasaheeran Baskerlingam, Sreeja Lakshmi, and Ambili Balakrishnan
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oreochromis ,Immune system ,chemistry ,Non specific ,biology ,Immunology ,Plant disease resistance ,biology.organism_classification ,Stachyose - Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of stachyose on immune responses, gut morphology, growth, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fishes were distributed randomly into fifteen 150 L glass tanks with 20 fish tank− 1 and fed control (0 g/kg), 2 g/kg, 4 g/kg, 8 g/kg, and 16 g/kg of stachyose. After eight weeks of experimental feeding, skin mucus and serum innate immune parameters (lysozyme, alternative complement, phagocytosis, peroxidase), and growth performance (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio) were analysed, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae was also determined. Supplementation of stachyose revealed that serum lysozyme, serum and mucus peroxidase activities, weight gain and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher compared to control fed fish. In contrast, specific growth ratio, phagocytic activity and mucus lysozyme did not show significant (P > 0.05) differences.
- Published
- 2021
33. Effect of alkoxy glycerol on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
- Author
-
Preetham Elumalai, Caterina Faggio, Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa, and Parvathy Prakash
- Subjects
Glycerol ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Shark liver oil ,Feed conversion ratio ,0403 veterinary science ,Fish Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nile tilapia ,medicine ,Animals ,Food science ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Chemistry ,Alkoxy glycerol ,Growth performance ,Serum immunology ,Veterinary (all) ,Cichlids ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Fish oil ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Oreochromis ,Aeromonas hydrophila ,Dietary Supplements ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain - Abstract
Fish oil and their compounds derived from the same have immense applications in the improvement of health, brain development, enhancing immunity etc. This study aimed at the supplementation of such a compound alkoxy glycerol derived from shark liver oil in fish diet and thereby analyzing growth as well as immune parameters of Oreochromis niloticus. 400 fishes were distributed into 11 glass tanks, and then fishes were weighed before starting the experiment. (Average weight was found to be 5.3 ± 0.10 g). Feed was prepared using alkoxy glycerol in the doses like 5, 10, 15 g kg−1 Fishes were fed with the prepared diet for 30 days and growth parameters like specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), final weight (FW), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. On the 30th day, fishes were challenged with 0.1 ml of normal saline solution containing 107 CFUml−1 of Aeromonas hydrophila and disease resistance was monitored. After 30 days of post challenge observation, immunological and lipid peroxidation assays like alternative complement (ACH50), phagocytosis (PI), respiratory burst activities (RB), and serum lysozyme (SL) were performed.
- Published
- 2019
34. Intensifying the Anticancer Potential of Cationic Peptide Derived from Serine Threonine Protein Kinase of Teleost by Tagging with Oligo Tryptophan
- Author
-
Preetham Elumalai, Jesu Arockiaraj, Venkatesh Kumaresan, Nagaram Prabha, and Anbazahan Sannasimuthu
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Cell growth ,Bioengineering ,Peptide ,Serine threonine protein kinase ,Cell cycle ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,HeLa ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,Drug Discovery ,Cancer cell ,Molecular Medicine ,Cytotoxicity - Abstract
Serine threonine protein kinase plays an important role in the cell growth, cell cycle regulation and development which shows a significant role in signal transduction pathway. In this study, a cationic peptide IE13 was derived from serine threonine protein kinase of a teleost fish and it was modified as IW13 by replacing the C-terminal residue with tryptophan. The anticancer potential of IE13 and IW13 was tested against three different types of cell lines HeLa (Human Cervical carcinoma cells), A549 (Human lung cancer cells) and MCF 7 (Human breast cancer cells) at different concentrations (300, 100, 30 and 10 µM) in semi logarithmic range. The results showed that the peptide IW13 showed EC50 of 92 µM for MCF 7, 102 µM for A549 and 85 µM for HeLa whereas, IE13 showed less growth inhibition on the tested cell lines. The flow cytometry study was conducted to demonstrate the cell cycle inhibition by the cationic peptide IW13 against HeLa cell line. Cytotoxicity studies of the cationic peptide showed no cytotoxicity against normal cell line (RAW 264.7). Tailoring of these properties was likely to be a key in safe and successful transfer of this peptide from laboratory experiments into clinical practice for pharmaceutical formulations.
- Published
- 2019
35. Protective efficacy of Shilajit enriched diet on growth performance and immune resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis mossambicus
- Author
-
Preetham Elumalai, Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Syed Mohideen Asgari, and Hien Van Doan
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Oreochromis mossambicus ,Immune resistance ,Aquatic Science ,Plant disease resistance ,Protective Agents ,Microbiology ,Fish Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,Immune system ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pathogen ,Disease Resistance ,Shilajit ,Minerals ,biology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Animal Feed ,Immunity, Innate ,Aeromonas hydrophila ,Diet ,030104 developmental biology ,Dietary Supplements ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections ,Resins, Plant ,Tilapia - Abstract
We investigated the effects of dietary enriched with Shilajit in three dose levels: 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 g kg−1 in the basal diet on growth rate, non-specific immune response, and disease resistance for 60 days in Oreochromis mossambicus against an opportunist pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed that the Shilajit enriched diets at 4.0 and 6.0 g kg−1 diets significantly (p
- Published
- 2018
36. Plant Lectins
- Author
-
Abdullah Bin Abdul Nazar, Aneetta Skinner, Debarghya Ghosh Dastidar, and Preetham Elumalai
- Published
- 2021
37. Animal Lectin
- Author
-
Sahya Narayanan, Akhila Raj Pallan, Akshay Balakrishnan, Eldho J. Paul, and Preetham Elumalai
- Published
- 2021
38. Combined effects of leucas aspera, oxy-cyclodextrin and bentonite on the growth, serum biochemistry, and the expression of immune-related gene in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
- Author
-
Femi John Fawole, Caterina Faggio, Preetham Elumalai, Amitha Kurian, and Sreeja Lakshmi
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,food.ingredient ,biology ,Cyclodextrin ,Leucas aspera ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Immune related genes ,Microbiology ,Nile tilapia ,Oreochromis ,food ,chemistry ,Herb ,Serum biochemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Immune gene ,Fish health ,Immune genes ,Inclusion complex ,Mineral clay - Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a combination of Leucas aspera, Oxy-cyclodextrin and sodium bentonite (LOB) on growth, digestive enzyme activity, innate immune response, haematology, and expression of immune-related genes in Nile tilapia. A total of 240 juvenile fish (20.15±0.05g) were randomly distributed into four dietary groups in triplicate and fed respective diets containing a graded level of LOB at 0 g kg-1 (Control), 0.3 g kg-1 (T1), 0.6 g kg-1 (T2) and 0.9 g kg-1 diet (T3) for 60 days. After 60 days, higher growth was observed in fish fed T2 diet (P < 0.05). Digestive enzyme activities and innate immune parameters were significantly higher in T3 group. Some of the haematological parameters reported statistically higher counts in T2 group (P
- Published
- 2021
39. Pathogenic fungi affecting fishes through their virulence molecules
- Author
-
Jesu Arockiaraj, Preetham Elumalai, Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Giva Kuppusamy, M. Aminur Rahman, V. Stefi Raju, Aziz Arshad, and Purabi Sarkar
- Subjects
Protease ,Susceptible individual ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Subtilisin ,medicine ,Virulence ,Fungal pathogen ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Aquatic organisms ,Microbiology - Abstract
In aquaculture, diseases cause the greatest economic losses, and fungal infections have become increasingly important over the past 20 years. Fungal spores are the major source of infection in aquaculture. A fungal pathogen's capacity to induce infections depends on the presence of virulence factors. Fungal virulence molecules including glycosyl hydrolase, protease, subtilisin, kinases and kinase inhibitor can damage the susceptible host. However, the full overview of the emergence of diseases associated with fungal pathogens remains limited. This review explores the analysis from the perspective of the micro-organism through the host-fungal pathogenic interactions, which describes the virulence factors as microbial components that can harm aquatic organisms. The systematic information on such virulence molecules provides various possibilities for the development of novel therapeutics.
- Published
- 2022
40. Immunomodulators in Aquaculture and Fish Health
- Author
-
Preetham Elumalai, Mehdi Soltani, Sreeja Lakshmi, Preetham Elumalai, Mehdi Soltani, and Sreeja Lakshmi
- Subjects
- Immunological adjuvants, Fish culture, Biological response modifiers
- Abstract
This reference book provides updated information about different immunomodulators for managing fish health and sustainable aquaculture. Immunomodulators are dietary additives that enhance innate defense mechanisms and increase resistance against specific pathogens and diseases. The book covers the different types of immunostimulants, their modes of action, and their efficacies. It also reviews safety concerns, ethical regulations, limitations, and outreach to farmers. It discusses the application of herbal immunomodulators, antioxidants, pre- and pro-biotics, in disease management.Features: Reviews the pressing topic of reduction of antibiotic use in aquaculture Discusses herbal immunomodulators, nutrients, antioxidants and pre- and pro-biotics Covers the topic of progressive immunomodulation using nanotechnology Discusses fish health management in the ever-growing aquaculture industry Includes natural and synthetic immunomodulators The book is meant for researchers and industry experts in aquaculture, fisheries science, and veterinary medicine.
- Published
- 2023
41. Fish Vaccines : Health Management for Sustainable Aquaculture
- Author
-
Preetham Elumalai, Kim Thompson, Sreeja Lakshmi, Preetham Elumalai, Kim Thompson, and Sreeja Lakshmi
- Subjects
- SH171
- Abstract
This book is a timely reference text that highlights the role of vaccination in the fast-growing aquaculture industry. It discusses topics such as vaccine formulation, vaccine delivery, and enhancing the immune response of fish using nanoparticles. Information related to vaccine safety, ethical approval, and regulations is also discussed, together with dissemination of vaccines to fish farms across the globe. This cutting-edge book presents novel strategies to meet the growing demand for vaccines in finfish aquaculture. This book is useful to students, academics, clinicians, and professionals in the field of fisheries sciences, aquaculture, and veterinary sciences.
- Published
- 2023
42. Characterization and functional analysis of fibrinogen-related protein (FreP) in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon
- Author
-
Oangkhana, Prawit, primary, Amparyup, Piti, additional, Tassanakajon, Anchalee, additional, Preetham, Elumalai, additional, and Wongpanya, Ratree, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Effects of green tea- and amla extracts on quality and melanosis of Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus, Milne Edwards, 1837) during chilled storage
- Author
-
Preetham Elumalai, Aimen Firdous, and Einar Ringø
- Subjects
Preservative ,Antioxidant ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,SH1-691 ,Aquatic Science ,Polyphenol oxidase ,Melanosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lipid oxidation ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,medicine ,Camellia sinensis ,Food science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920 ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,VDP::Agriculture and fishery disciplines: 900::Fisheries science: 920 ,Ecology ,Amla extract ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,Quality ,chemistry ,040102 fisheries ,Prawn ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Indian white prawn ,Green tea extract - Abstract
Effect of ethanol extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn) were investigated on quality and melanosis of chilled stored Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus) during 28 days. Extracts were subjected to antioxidant assays viz.1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical reducing power methods (DPPH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) to evaluate antioxidant potentiality and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to identify organic constituents. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition was assessed to check the efficacy of the extracts as anti-melanogenic agents. Biochemical (total volatile nitrogen, free fatty acid and peroxide values), bacteriological (aerobic counts), melanosis inhibition and sensory quality of chilled stored shrimp were addressed to investigate the efficacy of extracts as preservative and anti-melanogenic remedy. Free reducing power of green tea - and amla extracts were in a range of 28.72–65.67%and 17.38–66.95%, respectively. Phenolic content level was almost same for green tea and amla extract (2.46 ± 0.002 and 2.51 ± 0.036 mg GAE/gram). Total antioxidant capacity of green tea (210.33 ± 4.63 mg EqAsc/g) was slightly higher than that of amla extracts (145.56 ± 1.98 mg EqAsc/g). FRAP value revealed that green tea(477.49 ± 3.25 mgE Fe (II)/g) had more ferric reducing power than amla (324.39 ± 5.85 mgE Fe (II)/g).FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of essential organic bioactive compounds, which play an important role in reducing lipid oxidation and quality loss, and both extracts possess an encouraging PPO inhibition ability. Treatment by green tea - and amla extracts on chilled stored shrimp showed promising effects on biochemical and microbiological parameters followed by melanosis inhibition and enhanced sensory attributes. Treated Indian white prawn with green tea – and amla extract revealed significantly (P
- Published
- 2020
44. Tryptophan-tagged peptide from serine threonine-protein kinase of Channa striatus improves antioxidant defence in L6 myotubes and attenuates caspase 3-dependent apoptotic response in zebrafish larvae
- Author
-
Aziz Arshad, Ajay Guru, Abeer S. Aloufi, Giva Kuppusamy, Christy Lite, Preetham Elumalai, N.T. Saraswathi, Ebtesam M. Al Olayan, Manikandan Velayutham, Praveen Kumar Issac, Jesu Arockiaraj, and Mohamed A. Elokaby
- Subjects
Fish Proteins ,Antioxidant ,Physiology ,Cell Survival ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ,Apoptosis ,Serine threonine protein kinase ,Aquatic Science ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Antioxidants ,Cell Line ,Lipid peroxidation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,ABTS ,biology ,Caspase 3 ,Glutathione peroxidase ,Fishes ,Tryptophan ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Glutathione ,Glutathione S-transferase ,chemistry ,Larva ,040102 fisheries ,biology.protein ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Lipid Peroxidation ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
This study reports the antioxidant property and molecular mechanism of a tryptophan-tagged peptide derived from a teleost fish Channa striatus of serine threonine-protein kinase (STPK). The peptide was tagged with tryptophan to enhance the antioxidant property of STPK and named as IW13. The antioxidant activity of IW13 peptide was investigated using in vitro methods such as DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Furthermore, to investigate the toxicity and dose response of IW13 peptide on antioxidant defence in vitro, L6 myotubes were induced with generic oxidative stress due to exposure of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). IW13 peptide exposure was found to be non-cytotoxic to L6 cells in the tested concentration (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μM). Also, the pre-treatment of IW13 peptide decreased the lipid peroxidation level and increased glutathione enzyme activity. IW13 peptide treatment upregulated the antioxidant enzyme genes: GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GST (glutathione S transferase) and GCS (glutamine cysteine synthase), in vitro in L6 myotubes and in vivo in zebrafish larvae against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The results demonstrated that IW13 renders protection against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress through a cellular antioxidant defence mechanism by upregulating the gene expression, thus enhancing the antioxidant activity in the cellular or organismal level. The findings exhibited that the tryptophan-tagged IW13 peptide from STPK of C. striatus could be a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress-associated diseases.
- Published
- 2020
45. Alkoxy glycerol enhanced activity of Oxyresveratrol in Alzheimer's disease by rescuing Tau protein
- Author
-
Sreeja Lakshmi, Shamprasad Varija Raghu, Sureshkumar Sivan, and Preetham Elumalai
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Glycerol ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Tau protein ,tau Proteins ,Pharmacology ,Neuroprotection ,Animals, Genetically Modified ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Alzheimer Disease ,Memory ,Stilbenes ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Learning ,Benzofurans ,biology ,Behavior, Animal ,Plant Extracts ,General Neuroscience ,Bioavailability ,Oxyresveratrol ,030104 developmental biology ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Neuroprotective Agents ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,biology.protein ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease perpetually demands enormous research on the development of effective treatment strategies. The present study aims to define the role of Oxyresveratrol (OXY) alone and in combination with Alkoxy glycerols (AKG) to reduce Tau protein level and improve the climbing behaviour of Drosophila fly models expressed with human-Tau protein. Oxyresveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbene, possesses a wide range of biological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, chemical instability and low solubility of OXY in aqueous solutions reduce its bioavailability and hinder it from exerting neuroprotective activities. An inclusion complex of OXY with β- cyclodextrin (CD) (OXY-CD complex) was employed in the study for increased dissolution rate and oral availability of OXY. Fish oils and their derivatives have a plethora of applications in in vivo biological activities. Herein, we also remark on the role of AKG in reducing Tau protein level in flies by enhancing OXY-CD activity. Dietary supplementation of OXY-CD together with AKG improved the learning and memory abilities during the climbing assay in Tau flies. The study highlights OXY-CD and AKG as neuroprotective agents and put forward a plausible approach towards the increased permeability of pharmacological agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the central nervous system elicited by AKG.
- Published
- 2020
46. Exosomes in Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Role as Pathological Mediators, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
- Author
-
Gilles J. Guillemin, Sreeja Lakshmi, Preetham Elumalai, Sureshkumar Sivan, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, and Richard E. Hartman
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Tau protein ,tau Proteins ,Disease ,Exosomes ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,β amyloid ,Alzheimer Disease ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Internalization ,Pathological ,media_common ,Amyloid beta-Peptides ,biology ,business.industry ,Neurodegeneration ,Brain ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Microvesicles ,Peptide Fragments ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,business ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biomarkers - Abstract
The concept of exosomes has been progressively changed from the status of cellular trashcans to multitasking organelles involved in many processes, including internalization, transport and transfer of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. While underpinning the mechanisms behind neurodegeneration and neuronal loss, exosomes were shown to be involved in carrying pathological misfolded proteins, propagation of β-amyloid protein and hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins across the brain that ultimately leads to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevailing multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. A potential novel therapeutic role of exosomes in AD intervention is suggested by their ability to increase Aβ clearance. This review aims to highlight the important pathological mechanisms as well as therapeutic strategies involving exosomes towards AD prevention.
- Published
- 2020
47. Marine derived bioactive compounds for treatment of Alzheimer rsquo s disease
- Author
-
Suresh S. Kumar, Sreeja Lakshmi, Mohammed Akbar, Preetham Elumalai, Walid M. Qoronfleh, Byoung Joon Song, Parvathi Prakash, and Mohamed M. Essa
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Aquatic Organisms ,Psychotherapist ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Neurodegeneration ,Cognition ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Biological Factors ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Alzheimer Disease ,Age related ,medicine ,Humans ,Treatment strategy ,Disease manifestation ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD ) is mounting as social and economic encumbrance which are accompanied by deficits in cognition and memory. Over the past decades, Alzheimer's disease (AD) holds the frontline as one of the biggest healthcare issues in the world. AD is an age related neurodegenerative disorder marked by a decline in memory and an impairment of cognition. Inspite of tedious scientific effort, AD is still devoid of pharmacotherapeutic strategies for treatment as well as prevention. Current treatment strategies using drugs are symbolic in nature as they treat disease manifestation though are found effective in treating cognition. Inclination of science towards naturopathic treatments aiming at preventing the disease is highly vocal. Application of marine-derived bioactive compounds, has been gaining attention as mode of therapies against AD. Inspired by the vastness and biodiversity richness of the marine environment, role of marine metabolites in developing new therapies targeting brain with special emphasis to neurodegeneration is heading as an arable field. This review summarizes select-few examples highlighted as therapeutical applications for neurodegenerative disorders with special emphasis on AD.
- Published
- 2018
48. Antibiofilm and immunological properties of lectin purified from shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus
- Author
-
Preetham, Elumalai, primary, Lakshmi, Sreeja, additional, Wongpanya, Ratree, additional, Vaseeharan, Baskaralingam, additional, Arockiaraj, Jesu, additional, and Olsen, Rolf Erik, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Functional Foods and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Disorders
- Author
-
Preetham Elumalai, Sreeja Lakshmi, Preetham Elumalai, and Sreeja Lakshmi
- Subjects
- Functional foods--Therapeutic use, Nervous system--Degeneration--Diet therapy, Functional foods
- Abstract
This book provides a comprehensive summary of the latest knowledge regarding functional foods and new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders through explaining specific mechanisms for natural remedies and functional foods as well as alternative treatment and supplementary approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. Many relevant topics are covered, including role of prebiotics, recent applications for dietary polyphenols, marine bioactive compounds for neuro disorders, and age-related disorders. The roles of various remedies and functional foods are explained for various types of diseases, and the book also integrates the role of functional foods and remedies to work with the current therapeutics that are taking place. In parallel, the information presented through this book will also stimulate current status of leading contemporary methods for prohylactic and diagnostic practices, comprising nanoparticles, biomarkers, in silico techniques, and CRISPR-mediated genomeediting–based therapy. The book will be essential reading for students and researchers with an interest in natural medicine, drug development, and food therapeutic strategies. In presenting new results and approaches and identifying areas for future research, it will also be of benefit for specialists in the field.
- Published
- 2022
50. Lectins : Innate Immune Defense and Therapeutics
- Author
-
Preetham Elumalai, Sreeja Lakshmi, Preetham Elumalai, and Sreeja Lakshmi
- Subjects
- Molecular biology, Biology, Physiology, Immunology, Biomolecules, Physical biochemistry, Macromolecules
- Abstract
This book reviews the relationship between receptors, carbohydrate moieties, and pathogenic surfaces and lectins'pathophysiology of immune responses and examines the mechanisms of action of the molecules for the treatment potentials. Increasing evidence has suggested that lectin-carbohydrate interactions perform important roles in various regulations of immune responses, but much remains to be learned about these crucial properties and their interplay with other molecules. In addition, a better understanding of the structural and functional properties of lectin and the activated immune response will be of critical importance for the development of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. These key areas are the focus of this book, which documents the latest research findings in the field. Evidence is provided for the various lectin types from animal and plant as well as microbial or marine lectins, and this wide range of molecular knowledge directs us to variousdiseases, including infectious diseases and cancer. In presenting state-of-the-art knowledge on the interactions between lectin and its interactions,the book will help to pave the way for the development of novel targets for the prevention and treatment of many disorders.
- Published
- 2022
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