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The objective of the study was to determine and compare flexural strength and microhardness of Cention N with Glass ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Gold Label Type IX Extra) and Zirconomer improved at a distinctive time period in artificial saliva.Cention N, GC Gold Label Type IX Extra, Zirconomer improved for the fabrication of samples. To determine the physical properties such as flexural strength and microhardness, test samples (n-30) of dimensions 12 mm (length)*4 mm (breadth)*2 mm (thickness) were made and divided into three groups. Every sample was dipped for 28 days in a plastic tube containing 5 mL of artificial saliva. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA with aIn an intergroup analysis, flexural strength and microhardness of Cention N were substantially higher than Zirconomer improved and GIC (GC Gold Label Type IX Extra), respectively. In intragroup analysis found that there was a significant decrease (It can be concluded that Cention N had the highest flexural strength and microhardness of the three materials tested. Zirconomer improved can be used as a basic filling material in various restorative procedures due to good comparable mechanical properties and is economical for patients.Adsul PS, Dhawan P, Tuli A

In terms of maintaining esthetics and function, reducing pain, and encouraging wellness, primary dentition care is just as important as permanent tooth care. The purpose of this research was to see how efficient silver diamine fluoride is at preventing tooth decay.The 3- month clinical experiment included a sample size of 30 children (both males and females) aged 4-8 years by applying silver diamine fluoride on the carious tooth to evaluate the efficacy of silver dimaine fluoride in arresting the caries. The children were kept on follow-up and IOPA's were taken to check the arrest of caries at baseline, 1 month and after 3 months. To assess the progression of caries radiographic interpretation of IOPA X-rays was done using ICCMS scores at baseline, 1 month and 3 months.The current study found that topical 38% silver diamine fluoride arrest tooth decay and was effective for treating dental caries in school-aged children in the short term.Sharma M, Tuli A, Dhawan P

Introduction: The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries in 6–12 years old school going children in various districts of Uttarakhand including those visiting the OPD of the Department of Pedodontics and to correlate the caries status of the study population with the caries related factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on a sample size of approximately 1200 school going children (both males and females) aged 6-12 years. Oral examination of the children was performed and data was recorded with the help of Questionnaire which contained queries regarding the demographic details, oral hygiene habits, frequency of snacking and visits to the dentist. The findings of the present study were then recorded and analysed statistically. Results and Conclusion: The results of the present epidemiological study revealed that prevalence of dental caries was more in females, more in age group of 11-12 years children. It was noted that the children who did not brush their teeth or brushed once a day had a higher prevalence of caries. It was also seen that caries prevalence was more in children who consumed sweets and candy twice a day and in children who visited the dentist irregularly or had never visited a dentist. Keywords: Dental caries, Prevalence, Dietary habits, Oral hygiene, pH.

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of parents regarding the coronavirus outbreak and to assess the change in attitude and perception toward dental treatment during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. A structured questionnaire (on google format) containing 13 questions was used, and each question had 2 or 3 possible answers. The parents/guardians of children (aged 3–14 years) who were school-going were eligible to participate in this study. A total of 800 parents/guardians were interviewed on google reporting format from June to December 2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 800 parents/guardians of children, aged 3–14 years, studying in different schools in Chandigarh. According to the survey, a total of 86% of respondents said that they paid high attention to COVID-19 and explained it to their children; 97% reported that they emphasized the importance of hand hygiene and sanitation during the outbreak; 72% admitted that the outbreak has made them more conscious of the importance of maintaining good oral health and hygiene, to avoid visiting the dentist and 84% felt that the routine dental check-ups and appointments should be avoided during the COVID-19 outbreak; almost half of the respondents (47%) thought that the dental environment was a potential source of infection to their kids; 37% felt getting treatment at a dental setup may expose their child to risks of COVID-19; 71% said they would take their child to a dental department if he/she had a severe toothache. Approximately 46% of the respondents expressed confidence about the preventive measures taken in the dental department to ensure safe treatment for their children. In conclusion, all respondents were concerned about COVID-19 and most of them had talked about it with their children often. In addition, a considerable percentage of them showed apprehensions about the preventive measures being taken at the dental operatory and thought that the dental environment could be more dangerous than other environments. How to cite this article Sharma P, Dhawan P, Rajpal S, et al. Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception of Parents toward Dental Treatment of Children during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(5):693–699.

Background and objectives The main causative factors for maximum periodontal diseases are dental plaque and oral biofilms. This study was done to check the impact of quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D) as a motivational tool for plaque control among children from various schools situated in Dehradun district along with education using audiovisual aids. Materials and methods A total sample of 800 school-going children including both males and females aged 6 to 12 years from various schools situated in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand were surveyed. A pro forma was prepared and the demographics of the students were noted. All the students were first examined for the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) and then the random division was done into two groups, group A (Q-scan) and group B (basic diagnostic aids) for examination of plaque index. Results The results of the study revealed that good OHI-S scores increased significantly from 1st visit to 3rd visit. The plaque scores for the control group, when examined with basic diagnostic aids of all three visits, were significantly good which increased subsequently from 1st visit to 3rd visit. Good plaque index score increased significantly for the test group from 1st to 3rd visit when examined with QLF-D. Conclusion We found in our study that QLF technology is of paramount importance in epidemiological surveys and plays a pivotal role in evaluating masses in maintaining oral health care. How to cite this article Solanki R, Tuli A, Dhawan P, et al. QLF-D: A Contemporary Plaque Control Tool in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):502-505.

When first introduced, the term Minimal Intervention Dentistry (MID) referred to use of smaller and more conservative cavity preparations. Today, concept is much broader, being a philosophy of care related to risk assessment of individual patients, early detection of oral disease, targeted preventively orientated strategies and limited surgical intervention appropriate to level of disease1-3. “Extension for prevention” which was previously taught has been changed to “Prevention of extension”. Though concept of MID has been stressed upon for more than a decade, but its uptake has not been global. MID should be the standard of care in modern dentistry, as it avoids over-zealous restorative interventions as well as supervised neglect. As dental profession worldwide grapples with challenges of dealing with high rates of dental diseases in socially disadvantaged and medically compromised patients, it is even more important to incorporate these concepts into practice to deal with challenge of management of oral diseases. This review focuses on the concept and techniques of minimal invasive dentistry as an emerging trend in paediatric dentistry. Keywords: paediatric dentistry, MID

The gingiva is often the site of localize growth that are considered to be reactive rather than neoplastic in nature.Many of these lesions are difficult to be identified clinically and can only be identified by histological examination.Many types of localized reactive lesions occurring on the gingiva includes focal fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma and peripheral ossifying fibroma . Clinical reports of 12 and 13 year old girls with Pyogenic Granuloma and Peripheral ossifying fibroma are presented.

Aim To assess validity and reliability of Hindi version of Child Oral impact on daily performances (C-OIDP) index among school children in North India. Material and methodology Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted amongst 250, 11–12 year old school children in primary schools of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. The study was done in two phases: first phase included assessment of Psychometric and linguistic properties of hindi version of C-OIDP index which was then pilot tested on study subjects. Phase two comprised of the actual main study which included the re-assessment of Hindi C-OIDP index on the entire study population. The pilot study comprised of 40 school children while the main study was conducted on 250 school children. Results The inter-item correlation coefficient ranged from 0.1 to 0.786 while corrected item total correlation coefficient ranged from 0.176 (smiling) to 0.843 ((cleaning). The standardised Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.88. Moreover, the alpha coefficients didn't increase upon deleting any of the items. Weighted kappa was 0.85 & ICC was 0.9. Children with higher scores were less satisfied with their mouth (p- 0.001) in case of concurrent validity. Conclusion Hindi Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances index can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in measuring OHRQoL. of Paediatric North Indian population.

Introduction The foundation for healthy permanent teeth in children and teenagers is laid during the first few years of life. Toothbrushing should be presented as a habit. A wide array of toothbrushes is available in the market, which differ in size, design, length, hardness, arrangement of bristles. This present clinical study is undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of ionic toothbrush on oral hygiene status and plaque removal. Materials and methods A total of 30 children aged 6 years to 12 years were selected in this study. The children were divided into two groups, 15 children were given HyG ionic toothbrush, were instructed how to use product according to manufacturer's instructions, 15 children were assigned to use manual toothbrush, instructed to brush their teeth in usual manner. All subjects used the same commercially available dentifrice throughout the study. Results The results were evaluated at each visit day 0, day 15 and day 30 following 12–18 hours of no oral hygiene. The subjects brushed their teeth twice daily for 1 minute under supervision. The result showed that there was significant difference in all the mean values in all the parameters. It may be concluded from the present study that though the ionic toothbrush was insignificantly superior to the manual toothbrush, both the toothbrushes are clinically effective in removing plaque and improving the gingival conditions. How to cite this article Chandra S, Jain N, Garg R, et al. Ionic vs Manual Toothbrushes: Effect on Plaque and Oral Hygiene Status in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(5):375–378.

This is a case report of a 14-year-old female patient in whom a premolar from a donor was used as an allotransplant to replace her missing lower premolar. The treatment results over 6 months showed successful periodontal healing and functioning of the allotransplanted tooth. The aim of this paper is to report a procedure, allotransplantation of tooth, which is followed from ages but less preferred and documented and is surrounded by variable prognosis and also highlight the use of a intentionally extracted tooth for orthodontic purpose, which otherwise goes as a waste and moreover the use of this technique can supplement the need of an implant for the time being in the young patient without compromising her alveolar bone height, functioning, and esthetics. How to cite this article Pokhriyal A, Dhawan P, Chandra S, et al. A New Home for a Streetless Occupant: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):587–589.

Background: To assess the prevalence of dental diseases among 9–15‑year‑old visually impairedchildren and find out its impact on their daily activities using the Child‑Oral Impact on DailyPerformance (C‑OIDP) questionnaire in districts of Uttarakhand, India.Materials and Methods: A total of 423 visually impaired institutionalized children between theage group of 9–15 years were included in the study. Stratified random sampling technique wasused to obtain the study population. Dental caries was recorded using dmft for primary dentitionand DMFT for permanent dentition, traumatic dental injuries were assessed using traumatic dentalinjury index, and dentofacial anomalies were recorded using Angle’s classification of malocclusion.The Hindi braille version of C‑OIDP questionnaire was used to gather information regarding oralhealth‑related quality of life (OHRQoL).Results: There was a high dental caries prevalence of 57.7% in visually impaired children. Theprevalence of traumatic dental injuries was 50.6%. Crowding (61.5%) was the most commonlyseen dentofacial anomaly and the most commonly perceived oral health problem was toothache.There was less favorable OHRQoL in males as compared to females.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of dental diseases in this group and higher C‑OIDPscores suggestive of unfavorable OHRQoL. Key Words: Questionnaire, dentofacial deformities, dental caries, trauma, visually impaired

Background “Better teeth better health” is a guiding dictum for the 21st century that has been well adopted by WHO and emulated world over by numerous health care agencies. Hence its of paramount importance to assess the impact of oral health on the quality of life. Keeping this in mind the present study was done to gauge the impact of prevalence of dental diseases amongst 9–15 year old institutionalized hearing impaired children in districts of Uttarakhand, India. Materials & methodology 250 hearing impaired institutionalized 9–15 year old children were examined using WHO type III clinical examination for DMFT/dmft, Traumatic dental injuries using TDI index and dentofacial anomalies using Angle's classification of malocclusion. The Hindi version of the C-OIDP questionnaire was used in this study. Results There was a high dental caries prevalence of 56% with significant male predilection. TDI index was 40.8% and the most common molar relation was class I with 90.4%. With 49.6% crowding was the most common dentofacial anomaly. Deformity of face or mouth has maximum impact on the daily life of these children. The overall oral health related quality of life was less favorable in this group. Conclusion Oral health has a significant impact on daily life of these children with hearing impairment and those children having dental diseases showed unfavorable OHRQoL.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential co-factor in glycolysis and is a key molecule involved in maintaining cellular energy metabolism. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of an important salvage pathway in which nicotinamide is recycled into NAD. NAMPT is up-regulated in many types of cancer and NAMPT inhibitors (NAMPTi) have potential therapeutic benefit in cancer by impairing tumor metabolism. Clinical trials with NAMPTi APO-866 and GMX-1778, however, failed to reach projected efficacious exposures due to dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. We evaluated preclinical models for thrombocytopenia that could be used in candidate drug selection and risk mitigation strategies for NAMPTi-related toxicity. Rats treated with a suite of structurally diverse and potent NAMPTi at maximum tolerated doses had decreased reticulocyte and lymphocyte counts, but no thrombocytopenia. We therefore evaluated and qualified a human colony forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-MK) as in vitro predictive model of NAMPTi-induced MK toxicity and thrombocytopenia. We further demonstrate that the MK toxicity is on-target based on the evidence that nicotinic acid (NA), which is converted to NAD via a NAMPT-independent pathway, can mitigate NAMPTi toxicity to human CFU-MK in vitro and was also protective for the hematotoxicity in rats in vivo. Finally, assessment of CFU-MK and human platelet bioenergetics and function show that NAMPTi was toxic to MK and not platelets, which is consistent with the clinically observed time-course of thrombocytopenia.

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a pleiotropic protein with intra- and extra-cellular functions as an enzyme, cytokine, growth factor, and hormone. NAMPT is of interest for oncology, because it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the salvage pathway to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which is considered a universal energy- and signal-carrying molecule involved in cellular energy metabolism and many homeostatic functions. This manuscript describes NAMPT inhibitor-induced retinal toxicity that was identified in rodent safety studies. This toxicity had a rapid onset and progression and initially targeted the photoreceptor and outer nuclear layers. Using in vivo safety and efficacy rodent studies, human and mouse cell line potency data, human and rat retinal pigmented epithelial cell in vitro systems, and rat mRNA expression data of NAMPT, nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferease (NMNAT) in several tissues from rat including retina, we demonstrate that the retinal toxicity is on-target and likely human relevant. We demonstrate that this toxicity is not mitigated by coadministration of nicotinic acid (NA), which can enable NAD production through the NAMPT-independent pathway. Further, modifying the physiochemical properties of NAMPT inhibitors could not sufficiently reduce retinal exposure. Our work highlights opportunities to leverage appropriately designed efficacy studies to identify known and measurable safety findings to screen compounds more rapidly and reduce animal use. It also demonstrates that in vitro systems with the appropriate cell composition and relevant biology and toxicity endpoints can provide tools to investigate mechanism of toxicity and the human translation of nonclinical safety concerns.

A 12-year-old child with unilateral reddish cutaneous capillary malformation on the face reported to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry at Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh complaining of swelling in mandibular right back tooth region for the last 15 days which was associated with gradual increase in the size. Patient’s past medical history revealed seizures since five months of age and was on long term antiepileptic treatment with multiple antiepileptic drugs (Carbmazepine, Clonazepam). He was born full term and delivered normally. His family history was non contributory. On extra oral examination, Port-wine stain was observed on the right side of the face involving ear and lip on the affected side and crossing the midline in the lower jaw [Table/Fig-1]. Port-wine stains were noticeable on the affected side of the palate also [Table/Fig-2]. His mouth was deviated towards the right side of the face with unilateral open bite on the left side. Intra oral examination revealed firm, non-tender gingival enlargement involving right upper and lower quadrant of the oral cavity (in relation to second premolar and first permanent molar of the affected side) which on probing, bleeded profusely [Table/Fig-3]. Supra gingival calculus and plaque was noticed in both of the arches. Tooth mobility was present in relation to second premolar and first molar on the affected side. Patient was asked to undergo investigations including OrthoPantomoGraph (OPG), complete hemogram, lateral cephalometric radiograph and histopathological investigations. The complete hemogram showed normal hemoglobin levels with no other abnormality in the total or differential white blood cell counts. Bleeding and clotting time were within the normal limits. Anteroposterior view of skull revealed tram track calcification caused by calcification in apposing gyri [Table/Fig-4]. Orthopantomogram revealed bone loss in relation to 46 which was more prevalent in relation to mesial root [Table/Fig-5]. Histopathological investigations suggested “Lobulated Capillary Haemangioma” [Table/Fig-6]. [Table/Fig-1]: Clinical picture showing port wine stain involving the right side of the face. [Table/Fig-2]: Port wine stain present on the palate of the affected side. [Table/Fig-3]: Clinical picture demonstrating swollen gingival. [Table/Fig-4]: Lateral cepahlogram depicting tram track lines. [Table/Fig-5]: Preoperative OPG revealing bone loss i.r.t. 46 [Table/Fig-6]: Histopathological slide exhibiting lobulated capillary haemangioma. 40X magnification. Management: The complete treatment procedures were explained to the patient, a written informed consent was obtained from the patient, and a medical consent was obtained from the general physician. First line treatment of the patient included thorough scaling and root planing to remove any local irritating factors that may have been responsible for the superimposed gingival inflammation. Patient was educated and motivated for maintaining proper oral hygiene. Under strict aseptic conditions using local anaesthesia (Lignocaine and adrenaline 1:80,000), inferior alveolar nerve block was given and a 3-0 suture was passed through the swelling to enscribe it and hold it tight for easy excision [Table/Fig-7] and the mass was then completely excised in relation to buccal side of 45, 46 [Table/Fig-8,​,9]9] and stored in formalin solution for further histopathological investigations. To control the excessive hemorrhage sutures were given to achieve hemostasis [Table/Fig-10,​,11]11] and post operative instructions were given to the patient. Patient was recalled after one week and sutures were removed followed by an uneventful healing. Post operatively patient was kept under antibiotic coverage and was guided to use 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse for two weeks. After a follow up of uneventful six months, it was seen that there was deposition of normal healthy bone in relation to 46 using OPG [Table/Fig-12] with no recurrence after six months of follow up [Table/Fig-13]. [Table/Fig-7]: Enscribing the swelling using 3-0 suture. [Table/Fig-8]: Removal of gingival swelling. [Table/Fig-9]: Picture showing excised mass. [Table/Fig-10]: Suturing done at the site of excision. [Table/Fig-11]: Clinical picture depicting hemostasis using 3-0 suture. [Table/Fig-12]: Post operative OPG revealing healthy bone formation in relation to 46 after six months follow-up. [Table/Fig-13]: Follow up after six months.

Abnormalities in tooth morphology and number are not uncommon. However, an exact clone of a normal tooth is a recondite clinical finding. Presence of supplementary teeth is mostly noticed in maxillary anterior, molar or premolar region, followed by mandibular premolar region in descending order of its site of occurrence. Supplemental tooth in mandibular anterior has a low prevalence of 0.01%. This paper reports one such rare case of nonsyndromic incisive jumeaux in mandibular anterior region during mixed dentition period.

MEK, a kinase downstream of Ras and Raf oncogenes, constitutes a high priority target in oncology research. MEK small molecule inhibitors cause soft tissue mineralization in rats secondary to serum inorganic phosphorus (iP) elevation, but the molecular mechanism for this toxicity remains undetermined. We performed investigative studies with structurally distinct MEK inhibitors GEN-A and PD325901 (PD-901) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Our data support a mechanism that involves FGF-23 signal blockade in the rat kidney, causing transcriptional upregulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) 1-alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1), the rate-limiting enzyme in vitamin D activation, and downregulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase (Cyp24a1), the enzyme that initiates the degradation of the active form of vitamin D. These transcriptional changes increase serum vitamin D levels, which in turn drive the increase in serum iP, leading to soft tissue mineralization in the rat.

Presence of an accessory root in anterior and posterior teeth in primary dentition is rarely found. Radiographic and clinical evaluation is necessary for further treatment of such anomalies. This report describes the management of such anomalous tooth.

Abnormalities in tooth morphology are not uncommon. However talon's cusp is a recherche dental anomaly of the permanent dentition. It's an anomalous structure resembling an eagle's talon that projects lingually from the cingulum area of a maxillary or mandibular permanent incisor. Presence of bilateral talon's cusp in primary lateral incisors is an extremely recondite clinical finding. Its presence makes the otherwise caries resistant incisors prone to tooth decay. It is generally asymptomatic but sometimes it may pose functional or esthetic problems and so it demands a preventive line of management. This paper reports one such rare case of non-syndromic bilateral talon's cusp in primary lateral incisors during mixed dentition period and its preventive management.

Pica is an act or habit of eating non‑food items such as stone, bricks, chalk, soap, paper, soil etc., It occurs in children who actually start seeing the world through the oral cavity. There are many theories behind it such as iron and zinc deficiency etc., We as dentists should be able to diagnose and treat such conditions, as they may cause ill‑effects to the developing dentition. This case report attempt to highlights the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment of pica.

e13598 Background: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a high affinity receptor for members of the VEGF family, is expressed on endothelial cells (EC) and tumor cells, and is involved with maturation and remodeling of blood vessels. In two phase I studies, administration of human anti-NRP1 antibody (Ab) MNRP1685A resulted in transient platelet (PLT) reductions in patients. To determine if these PLT reductions were due to PLT production or consumption, we evaluated the binding of MNRP1685A to human megakaryocyte (MK) progenitor cells and PLTs and the impact of MNRP1685A on MK development and PLT function. Methods: MNRP1685A binding to human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), cultured MKs and PLTs was assessed by Western blot (WB), mass spectrometry and flow cytometry (FACS). MNRP1685A effects on platelets from healthy donors and patients on study were analyzed by FACS for activation markers CD62P and activated GPIIbIIIa (PAC1) and evaluated by aggregometry. MNRP1685A effects on MK development were evaluated by HALO prolifer...