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This article presents the modified Preisach model of hysteresis for a 3-phase medium frequency transformer in a 100 kW dual active bridge converter. The transformer magnetic core is assembled out of ferrite I-cores, which results in multiple parasitic air gaps. For this transformer, the hysteresis loops were measured and parameters of the Preisach model were determined. The Preisach distribution function is approximated with a two-dimensional Gauss function series and the feedback function is a 3rd-degree polynomial. The optimized identification of Preisach distribution function parameters was prepared. Two sets of parameters were determined based on the analysis of major and minor hysteresis loop. The developed model is used to analyze the transformer core power loss. A new set of Steinmetz equation parameters for multi air gap ferrite core MFT is proposed.

The Preisach model of hysteresis has two parts: a geometrical staircase and a density or weighting function. In typical applications, the underlying density function of hysteresis operators is estimated through partial derivatives of first order reversal curves, or a priori assumed to obey simple functional forms like Gaussian, Lorenzian etc. Here we take a more agnostic and empirical approach, and expand the density in a general form using the spectrum of the Laplace operator on a bounded triangular domain. Transforming the input to the same bounded domain, we have a nonlinear parameter fitting problem. We fit parameters to our own magnetic hysteresis data directly using complex waveforms, for both soft and hard loops. For hard loops, if the Preisach density is to be kept strictly nonnegative (as is usual), a nonlinear transformation of the Preisach output is needed. Additionally, the Preisach density is consists of a single hump for soft loops and three distinct humps for hard loops. Our fitted density function, based on a general expansion, contains several coefficients, but subsequent simulation is quick. The main contribution of this paper is a direct demonstration of fitting the density function without making a priori assumptions about the functional form.

Hysteresis characteristics of the general spin-S S > 1 ) Heisenberg model have been studied within the effective field approximation. Particular emphasis has been paid on the large negative valued crystal field region. Since spin-S Ising model displays maximum number of 2 S windowed hysteresis loops in this region, this investigation gives the answer of the question: what is the effect of the anisotropy in the exchange interaction on this multiple hysteresis behavior? As an answer, rising number of windows in the hysteresis loops have been observed.

The objective of the present paper is to generalize the vector Preisach hysteresis model to take dynamic effects into account. A comprehensive analysis of the vector behavior has been performed by a single sheet tester with a specimen of round shape. The locus of the magnetic flux density vector has been controlled by a digital measurement set up at different frequency. An inverse vector Preisach hysteresis model has been built up by viscous-type scalar models and an identification procedure has been developed to follow the measured data. Finally, the model has been inserted into a finite element procedure through the fixed point technique to simulate electrical engineering problems.

Power converters often features inductive devices in their architectures. Accurate simulation of the converters requires a well-defined response of the magnetic cores. A computationally efficient approach for the numerical modelling of hysteretic magnetic materials is presented in this work. The approach exploits the simplicity of the identification procedure for the Preisach model of hysteresis and the reduced computational costs of Neural Networks. The model for hysteresis is implemented both in direct and inverse form. Validation is performed against independent dataset, with evident computational speedup, which can be a valuable asset for magnetic cores simulations in the design of complex power systems featuring multiple converters such as the ones used in avionic applications.

This paper presents a simple dynamic vector-play model to calculate the iron loss and describe the vector hysteresis behavior of a non-oriented (NO) electrical steel sheet (ESS) under 50 Hz rotating magnetic fields. Based on the iron loss separation theory, the proposed model is separated to the static hysteresis component and eddy current component. The static hysteresis component is constructed by vector play model, which is identified by using 1 Hz minor $B$ – $H$ loops. And two coefficients $\omega _{x}$ and $\omega _{y}$ are introduced to consider the anisotropic property of NO ESS and the excess loss of eddy-current component under 50 Hz magnetic field. The validity of the proposed dynamic vector hysteresis model is verified by comparing it with the experimental results under various 50 Hz magnetic field conditions.

Specimens of magnetostrictive materials can transform a variation of their stress-induced size into a variation of a produced magnetic field and vice versa. These phenomena are utilized in magnetostrictive energy harvesters, vibration sensors, etc. Mathematical models of magnetostrictive materials vary from complex hysteretic models to relatively simple non-hysteretic models. In this paper, three mathematical models of Galfenol are considered, namely a non-hysteretic model, a non-hysteretic model with a feedback loop, and a model where the hysteresis is represented by the Preisach operator with a simplified Preisach density function. The parameters of these models are identified from measured magnetic and magneto-elastic curves. All the models are applicable in technical praxis. The output of the non-hysteretic model with a feedback loop best fits the measured data and, to some extent, reproduces fine features of magneto-elastic curves.

An anisotropic vector hysteresis model based on the improved isotropic vector play operator has been presented to predict the magnetization behavior of anisotropic hysteresis materials. The required parameters can be identified from the major hysteresis loops in all principal axes, which can be easily measured, or are directly available from magnetic material manufacturers. The presented model, which has been successfully implemented in 2-D and 3-D transient finite-element analysis, is validated by numerical experiments and measured data cited from TEAM problem 32, and is applied to simulate a synchronous reluctance motor with an axially laminated anisotropic rotor.

A computationally efficient and robust neural network-based model to reproduce the hysteresis phenomenon for soft ferromagnetic alloys is here presented, as well as a dedicated procedure to generate a suitable training set from a minimal set of experimental data. Firstly, an accurate experimental verification has been performed for a commercial NGO electrical steel, measuring a family of hysteresis loops under sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal magnetic induction waveforms. The Preisach model of hysteresis, identified with the sinusoidal loops, has been exploited to generate a wider data set, which consists of a family of first-order reversal curves (FORCs), suitable to train the neural network. Then, a neural network-based hysteresis model, with the capability to reproduce the eventual presence of sub-loops, has been developed. The two simulation approaches have been validated taking into account the other experimental data, which consist of a family of hysteresis loops measured under different types of magnetic induction waveforms. The comparison between the Preisach model and the neural network-based model also covers the simulation of the waveforms found in magnetic systems supplied by pulse-width modulated (PWM) signals. The substantial agreement found indicates that the neural network model can replicate the behaviour of the Preisach model with a considerable advantage in terms of computational cost and memory allocation. In addition, the possibility to be quickly inverted makes the proposed method suitable for matching with FEM solvers.

Hysteresis characteristics of the general Spin-S (S > 1) Blume-Capel model have been studied within the effective field approximation. Particular emphasis has been paid on the large negative valued crystal field region and it has been demonstrated for this region that, Spin-S Blume-Capel model has 2S windowed hysteresis loop in low temperatures. Some interesting results have been obtained such as nested characteristics of the hysteresis loops of successive spin-S Blume-Capel model. Effect of the rising crystal field and temperature on these hysteresis behaviors have been investigated in detail and physical mechanisms have been given. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This paper presents an improved identification algorithm of the scalar play model, and suggests a novel vector play model to describe the vector hysteretic behavior of a nonoriented electrical steel sheet (ESS) under rotating magnetic fields. The proposed identification algorithm gives much better numerical accuracy than a conventional one by assigning more play operators than the measured asymmetric minor loops. The vector-shape function of the suggested vector play model consists of two scalar shape functions, which are independently identified by using measured hysteresis loops under alternating magnetic fields along rolling and transverse direction of ESS, respectively. The vector play model, furthermore, employs a nonlinear coefficient, which is a function of the magnitude and direction of magnetic flux density, to increase the numerical accuracy. The validity of the suggested vector play model is verified by comparing it with experimental results under various magnetic-field conditions.

Purpose This paper aims to compare different static history-independent hysteresis models (mathematical-, behavioural- and physical-based ones) and a history-dependent hysteresis model in terms of parameter identification effort and accuracy. Design/methodology/approach The discussed models were tested for distorted-excitation waveforms to explore their predictions of complex magnetization curves. Static hysteresis models were evaluated by comparing the calculated and measured major and minor static hysteresis loops. Findings The analysis shows that the resulting accuracy of the different hysteresis models is strongly dependent on the excitation waveform, i.e. smooth excitations, distorted flux waveforms, transients or steady-state regimes. Obtained results show significant differences between predictions of discussed static hysteresis models. Research limitations/implications The general aim was to identify the models on a very basic and limited set of measured data, i.e. if possible using only the measured major static loop of the material. The quasi-static major hysteresis loop was measured at Bmax = 1.5 T. Practical/implications The presented analysis allows selection of the most-suited hysteresis model for the sought-for application and appraisal of the individual limitations. Originality/value The presented analysis shows differences in intrinsic mechanisms to predict magnetization curves of the majority of the well-known static hysteresis models. The results are essential when selecting the most-suited hysteresis model for a specific application.

This paper presents a novel algorithm for the computation of transient electromagnetic fields in nonlinear magnetic media with hysteresis. We deal with an axisymmetric transient eddy current problem where the constitutive relation between H and B is given by a hysteresis operator, i.e., the values of the magnetic induction B depend not only on the present values of the magnetic field H but also on its past history. First, we introduce the mathematical model of the problem and, by applying some abstract result, we show the well posedness of a weak formulation written in terms of the magnetic field. For the numerical solution, we consider the Preisach model as hysteresis operator, a finite element discretization by piecewise linear functions, and the backward Euler time discretization. By taking into account the monotonicity property of the Preisach model, we propose a fixed point algorithm to deal with hysteresis effects which is numerically validated: we report a numerical test in order to assess the order of convergence and we compare the results with experimental data. For the later, we consider a physical application: the numerical computation of eddy current and hysteresis losses in laminated media as those used in transformers or electric machines. HighlightsMathematical analysis and numerical implementation of an axisymmetric parabolic problem with hysteresis.A novel algorithm in order to handle the hysteresis (classical Preisach) operator is presented.The algorithm can be used in the above mentioned parabolic problem with a smooth (not necessarily periodic) source term.Algorithm takes advantage of the spatial independence of the hysteresis operator, handling its lack of differentiability.Numerical results are compared with experimental data. Moreover, a test to assess the convergence order is included.

In many transformer applications, it is necessary to have a core magnetization model that takes into account both magnetic and electrical effects. This becomes particularly important in three-phase ...

International audience; We propose an original approach to solve the coupled problem of alternative magnetic field penetration inside a toroidal soft ferromagnetic sample and frequency dependent magnetic hysteresis. Local repartition of ferromagnetic losses depends on the instantaneous material properties and on the frequency of the excitation field waveform. A correct solution to the model, with respect to this repartition, implies a higher resolution in two dimensions of the diffusion equation including local dynamic hysteresis consideration. The resulting model gives precious local information but requires complex parameter setting, high computational capacity and long simulation time. Due to the toroidal shape, a single dimension algorithm solving of the diffusion equation is clearly insufficient and it would lead to inaccurate simulation results. Consequently, a large number of discretization nodes and extended simulation time must be considered in two dimensional configurations. In our alternative solution, starting from a lumped model, we add a fractional time derivative of the dynamic hysteresis losses. It leads to an accurate formulation of the problem with a reduction in complexity and simulation times.

This article develops an alternative approach in modeling a hysteresis using Preisach model. A Preisach model is demonstrated geometrically by an inverted triangle, namely Preisach triangle, which contains an amount of fundamental operators. In a conventional Preisach model, these fundamental operators are ideal relays. Consequently, there exists an inherently discontinuous jump between two consecutive relays. To resolve this problem, in this work, a generalized linear operator is used as the fundamental elements. Correspondingly, its representative Preisach triangle consists of numerous discrete elements whose weight concentrates just along their diagonal. With such approach, it is possible to predict the response of the model according to any input without the aid of numerical interpolation tools. In addition, in this work, to determine the elements’ weights of the model, two accurate identification methods corresponding to two schemes of experimentally biased and unbiased dataset are developed. At last, several simulations and experiments are conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach showing comparative results with conventional Preisach model.

The Preisach model of hysteresis admits simple device realizations. It is suggested in the paper that these realizations can be utilized as unique data storage devices as well as analog global optimizers.

Preisach-based method was used to characterize a series of BaTiO3 hysteresis loops with varying external field frequencies. A stochastic adjustment of hysterons' weight was performed to obtain the Preisach densities. These densities, in representing the hysteresis responses, were characterized with three key parameters of the 3-dimensional hyperbolic-like distribution. One of the parameters relates directly to coercivity, while the other two concurrently represent polarization derivatives close to the coercivity, and emphasize an adaptability of the material to the external field around the main body of the loops. Thus, this approach can be extended to characterize other series of hysteresis loops to study changes of material responses influenced by varying external field frequency factor.

This paper deals with the models elaboration for the asymmetric three-phase transformers. The first model uses the principle of the hysteresis integration in two-dimensional finite-element method (FEM) with magnetic field calculations. This method is based on inverse Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model. The second one is a dynamic electromagnetic model (DEM) based on Tellinen hysteresis model. The DEM and FEM models used in ferromagnetic cores have been modified by replacing the anhysteretic curve by the hysteresis loop. A simulation in time domain is carried out and the simulated results are compared with those obtained experimentally to validate the proposed approach. An error calculation is performed to show the accuracy of results obtained by DEM and FEM models.

Dynamic magnetic hysteresis properties in a two-dimensional mixed Ising system designed with integer and half-integer spins, namely spin-1 and spin-5/2, are investigated comprehensively on the basis of the mean-field approximation and the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics, namely dynamic mean-field approximation (DMFA). In particular, we examine the effect of Hamiltonian parameters on dynamic hysteresis properties. As a result of this examination, some characteristic hysteresis behaviors are obtained, such as the existence of single, double and triple hysteresis. Moreover, we study to obtain coercive field and remanent magnetization. Our results are compared with some experimental and theoretical works to find a qualitatively good agreement.

A nonequilibrium density matrix theory is used in order to explicitly describe the hysteresis interrelation between populations of nonstationary states in an absorbing multi-stage chain system in the one-particle approximation. As an illustrative example, we restrict ourselves to consideration of the 3-stage absorbing case for which we identify three types of the hysteresis; that is, the causal time dependent hysteresis with leaf-like and triangle-like closed loops, the hidden hysteresis with broken-line loops and the true hysteresis with open loops. Furthermore, we observe a common critical threshold for the hysteresis types and ascertain a reciprocal correspondence of this threshold as between the types as well with the experiment.

This paper compares two different identification methods of a static rate-independent energy-based hysteresis model with regard to the dynamic hysteresis loop shape prediction when coupled to the parametric magnetodynamic lamination model. The values of hysteresis model parameters are determined solely based on the quasi-static major loop. A semiphysical approach identifying the reversible and irreversible field components independently and a purely mathematical scheme using a differential evolution optimization algorithm determining all parameters simultaneously are compared. Both variants of parameter identification are analyzed in terms of hysteresis loop shape prediction for quasi-static as well as dynamic loops.

The Preisach function is considered as a product of two special one dimensional functions, which allows the closed form evaluation of the Everett integral. The deduced closed form expressions are included in Preisach models, in particular in the static model, moving model and a rate dependent hysteresis model, which can simulate the frequency dependence of the magnetization process. The details of the freely available implementations, which are available online are presented. The identification of the model parameters and the accuracy to describe the magnetization process are discussed and demonstrated by fitting measured data. Transient electric circuit simulation with hysteresis demonstrates the applicability of the developed models.

The paper analyzes the modification of the Jiles-Atherton vector model of magnetic hysteresis of materials which is recommended to use in the case of application constant and variable magnetic fields with small amplitude. Such conditions occur in a number of electromechanical energy converters, magnetic suspension, with a magnetic nondestructive inspection. The method is applicable to other models of the vector of hysteresis. It is shown that even for materials with isotropic properties the linearized equations describe the hysteresis process of induced magnetic anisotropy. The findings apply to ferromagnetic materials, and can also be used to describe the hysteresis properties of high-temperature superconducting materials.

Residual stresses in magnetic materials, whether the result of processing or intentional loading, leave their footprint on macroscopic data, such hysteresis loops and differential permeability measurements. A Preisach-type vector model is used to reproduce the phenomenology observed based on assumptions deduced from the data: internal stresses lead to smaller and misaligned grains, hence increased domain wall pinning and angular dispersion of local easy axes, favouring rotation as a magnetization reversal mechanism; misaligned grains contribute to magnetostatic fields opposing the direction of the applied field. The model is using a vector operator which accounts for both reversible and irreversible processes; the Preisach concept for interactions for the role of stress related demagnetizing fields; and a characteristic probability density function which is constructed as a weighed sum of constituent functions: the material is modeled as consisting of various subsystems, e.g. reversal mechanisms or areas subject to strong/weak long range interactions and each subsystem is represented by a constituent probability density function. Our assumptions are validated since the model reproduces the hysteresis loops and differential permeability curves observed experimentally and calculations involving rotating inputs at various residual stress levels are consistent and in agreement with experimental evidence.

In this paper a phenomenological approach, based on a generalization in two dimensions of the classical scalar Preisach model, is exploited and identified to reproduce the magnetization curves obtained by accurate micromagnetic simulations of both isotropic and anisotropic polycrystalline Fe–Si films with different values of the anisotropy constants. The identification problem is realized using a suitable set of analytical equations and performing a best fit procedure to the data obtained from micromagnetic simulations of both scalar and rotational loops. The correct reconstruction of all the magnetization processes, as well as of the associated magnetic losses, is achieved through the choice of a small number of either circular or elliptical hysterons, as well as by the implementation of a simple “moving technique” that is necessary to take into account the non-collinearity between the field and the magnetization that occurs in presence of a global uniaxial anisotropy.

In this paper the hysteresis energy losses in two non-oriented industrial steels (M400-65A and M800-65A) were determined, by means of an efficient classical Preisach model, which is based on the Pescetti–Biorci method for the identification of the Preisach density. The excess and the total energy losses were also determined, using a statistical framework, based on magnetic object theory. The hysteresis energy losses, in a non-oriented steel alloy, depend on the peak magnetic polarization and they can be computed using a Preisach model, due to the fact that in these materials there is a direct link between the elementary rectangular loops and the discontinuous character of the magnetization process (Barkhausen jumps). To determine the Preisach density it was necessary to measure the normal magnetization curve and the saturation hysteresis cycle. A system of equations was deduced and the Preisach density was calculated for a magnetic polarization of 1.5 T; then the hysteresis cycle was reconstructed. Using the same pattern for the Preisach distribution, it was computed the hysteresis cycle for 1 T. The classical losses were calculated using a well known formula and the excess energy losses were determined by means of the magnetic object theory. The total energy losses were mathematically reconstructed and compared with those, measured experimentally.

This paper deals with the implementation of an energy-consistent ferromagnetic hysteresis model in 2D finite element computations. This vector hysteresis model relies on a strong thermodynamic foundation and ensures the closure of minor hysteresis loops. The model accuracy can be increased by controlling the number of intrinsic cell components while parameters can be easily fitted on common material measurements. Here, the native h-based material model is inverted using the Newton-Raphson method for its inclusion in the magnetic vector potential formulation. Simulations are performed on a 2D T-shaped magnetic circuit exhibiting rotational flux. By way of validation, results are compared with those obtained with the dual magnetic scalar potential formulation. A very good agreement for global quantities is observed. ispartof: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics vol:52 issue:3 pages:1-4 ispartof: location:CANADA, McGill Univ, Montreal status: published

This article presents a new hysteresis model of a piezostack actuator which is designed from the modification of the conventional Preisach hysteresis model. The proposed model which is called diagonal-weighted Preisach model is featured by weights of fundamental elements constituting triangles just along their own diagonal. With such an approach, there is no discontinuous jump at two consecutive elements in the Preisach triangle. Consequently, there is no need to adopt any further interpolation tool. In this work, a recursive approach with a simple computation associated with the proposed model is also developed. It is noted that in order to implement the proposed model, weights of fundamental elements must be obtained in prior. In order to demonstrate some characteristics of the proposed model, the prediction accuracy of the hysteresis is investigated based on the discretized number and compared with the conventional Preisach model. In addition, the proposed model is experimentally realized for the piezostack actuator and the identified displacement from the proposed model is compared with the actual one to validate the effectiveness.

The measurement of core losses in machine laminations reveals a fundamental difference between rotational and pulsating types. Rotational core losses under rotating fields decrease at high flux density, while pulsating losses keep increasing steadily. Experimental analyses of loss components Px and Py in x and y directions with rotating fields show that the loss decreases in one loss component and sometimes attains negative values. Tracking the evolution of hysteresis loops along this loss component discloses a peculiar behavior of magnetic hysteresis, where the loop changes its path from counterclockwise to clockwise within a cycle of magnetization process, the so called interleaved hysteresis loop. This paper highlights a successful procedure for modeling the interleaved hysteresis loop in the measurement of rotational core losses in electrical machine laminations using the generalized Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) model. The efficiency of the proposed model is compared to Preisach model. Results and conclusion of this work are of importance toward building an accurate model of rotational core losses.

This study presents a new model using the combination of Preisach and Hyperbolic Tangent models, to predict the magnetic hysteresis of Terfenol-D at different frequencies. Initially, a proper experimental setup was fabricated and used to obtain different magnetic hysteresis curves of Terfenol-D; such as major, minor and reversal loops. Then, it was shown that the Hyperbolic Tangent model is precisely capable of modeling the magnetic hysteresis of the Terfenol-D for both rate-independent and rate-dependent cases. Empirical equations were proposed with respect to magnetic field frequency which can calculate the non-dimensional coefficients needed by the model. These empirical equations were validated at new frequencies of 100 Hz and 300 Hz. Finally, the new model was developed through the combination of Preisach and Hyperbolic Tangent models. In the combined model, analytical relations of the Hyperbolic Tangent model for the first order reversal loops determined the weighting function of the Preisach model. This model reduces the required experiments and errors due to numerical differentiations generally needed for characterization of the Preisach function. In addition, it can predict the rate-dependent hysteresis as well as rate-independent hysteresis.

In order to reduce the partial derivative errors in Preisach hysteresis model caused by inaccurate experimental data, the concept and correlative method of discretization of Preisach hysteresis model are proposed, the essential of which is to centralize the distribution density of Preisach hysteresis model in local region as an integral, which is defined as the weight of a certain point in that region. For the input composed of an ascending segment and a descending segment, a method to determine the initial weights together with an additional method to determine present weights is given according to the number of input ascending segments. If the number of input ascending segments increases, the weights of the corresponding points in updating rectangle are updated by adding the initial weights of corresponding points. A prominent advantage of discrete Preisach hysteresis model is its memory efficiency. Another advantage of discrete Preisach hysteresis model is that there is no function in the model, and thus, it can be expediently operated using a computer. By generalizing the above updating rectangle method to the continuous Preisach hysteresis model, identification method of distribution density can be given as well.

The extended Preisach model is used extensively in precision control for its ability to model and thus can be used to suppress the hysteresis phenomenon. Although an inverse model based on the classical Preisach model entails a very high level of computational complexity, recent advances in computer technology has enabled real-time implementation of such models. The extended Preisach model calculates the hysteresis action by fitting the - table in the Preisach model to a surface. One can then calculate the amount of extension and retraction simply by searching for the parameters on the surface. This paper proposes a real-time high speed implementation of a model-based hysteresis elimination control. The experimental results show that the proposed method produces a smaller tracking error with a smooth system output.

The paper developed computation method to predict the behavior of hysteresis loops via an explicit function. Based on the Fermi–Dirac statistics and assumption of magnetic domains as fermions, formulations to successfully explain magnetic hysteresis loop are devoted. The capability of the new model to calculate the characteristics of magnetic hysteresis loop was tested by comparing the experimental results of both the variation of magnetic induction with magnetic field intensity and variation of magnetization along magnetic field intensity. The results of the application of the new model confirm the reliability of the procedure. The differences between the calculated and the measured data are always less than the data tolerance usually declared by the experiments. Particular attention to the influences of temperature on the parameters in the explicit function results in determination of magnetization of fixed ferromagnetic material by both magnetic field and temperature. Besides, the paper shows that coercively of ferromagnetic materials can be indicated by temperature. The technique given in this paper is found to be very advantageous for understanding the hysteretic problems.

We deal with the problem of estimating the true measured scalar quantity from the output signal of a sensor that is afflicted with hysteresis and noise. We use a probabilistic, nonparametric sensor model based on heteroscedastic Gaussian processes (GPs), which is trained using a data set of sensor output and ground truth pairs. The inference problem is formulated as state estimation in a dynamical system. We exploit the low dimensionality of the latent state space of the sensor to perform exact probabilistic inference of the measured quantity from a time series of the sensor’s output. Compared with the state-of-the-art assumed density filtering algorithm for GPs, which analytically approximates the posterior by a normal distribution during inference, our method reduces the prediction error by 33% on a data set obtained from a novel flexible tactile sensor based on carbon-black filled elastomers. The proposed model can be applied, but is not limited, to any sensor for which the Preisach model of hysteresis holds. The use of probabilistic modeling and inference not only provides a most likely estimate of the measured quantity but also the corresponding confidence interval.

This paper shows that a Preisach engine, based on the classical Preisach model of hysteresis and identified using the Everett integrals and the first-order reversal curves, can be used whatever the orientation of the hysteresis loop [counterclockwise or clockwise] and whatever the monotonicity of the branches (increasing/decreasing). This is important for the use of the Preisach model in many innovative applications, such as hysteresis compensators in magnetostrictive devices and lithium-iron-phosphate rechargeable battery, as both the applications are characterized by clockwise hysteresis loops and strictly increasing loop branches. Numerical simulations of both cases, compared with experimental data, prove the validity of the approach.

Amorphous ferromagnetic Fe-based microwires (MWs) have a magnetic structure consisting mainly of a single longitudinal domain and small closure domains at both ends. A rectangular hysteresis loop is then observed according to the fast domain wall propagation along the microwire. This type of material is a good physical example of the idea of a magnetic relay hysteron as described in Preisach model of hysteresis. The hysteron was defined as a mathematical operator acting on the field and producing rectangular loops whose superposition gives out the hysteresis loop. The hysteron idealization is frequently used to describe and interpret FORC (First Order Reversal Curve) diagrams by comparison with Preisach plane. The central idea of this work is to study the FORCs of a real physical sample that behaves closely to the ideal hysteron, both isolated and interacting with a twofold aim. On one hand, providing a better understanding of FORC measurements, and, on the other, analyzing the magnetization reversal processes in microwires with rectangular hysteresis loops. While for a single microwire the behaviour is that expected for a hysteron, both in the hysteresis loop and in the FORC diagram, the magnetostatic interaction between two microwires breaks with the ideal behaviour due to the change in the domain wall mobility at the end of the wires.

Lower limit of operable voltage for Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor (FeFET) memories using hafnium oxide based ferroelectric gate dielectrics was estimated using circuit simulations. Assuming realistic array architecture, memory weakening by disturbs and restrictions set by sneak current were taken into account. For modeling ferroelectricity, a continuous Preisach model of hysteresis was used. The results show that the lowest possible operation voltage, not including variability and reliability margin, will be around ±2V. It was found that moderate reduction of remanent polarization is beneficial for lowering both operation voltage and interfacial layer electric field stress.

Soft artificial skin sensors that can detect contact forces as well as their locations are attractive in various soft robotics applications. However, soft sensors made of polymer materials have inherent limitations of hysteresis and nonlinearity in response, which makes it highly difficult to implement traditional calibration techniques and yields poor estimation performance. In this paper, we propose intelligent algorithms based on machine learning and logics that can improve the performance of soft sensors. The proposed methods in this paper could be solutions to the aforementioned long-standing problems. They can also be used to simplify the system complexity by reducing the number of signal wires. Three machine learning techniques are discussed in this paper: an artificial neural network (ANN), the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm, and a recurrent neural network (RNN). The Preisach model of hysteresis and simple logics were used to support these algorithms. We proved that classifying contact locations on a soft sensor is possible using simple algorithms in real time. Also, force estimation of a single contact was possible using an ANN with the Preisach method. Finally, we successfully estimated forces of multiple contact locations by predicting the outputs of mixed RNN results.

This paper describes a system for training healthcare practitioners in the identification of different arterial pulses. The driving system uses a linear solenoid in an open loop force control. Due to the large hysteresis it exhibited, a form of compensation was implemented, based on the classic Preisach model of hysteresis. Implementation of said model resulted in a significant reduction of force tracking error, demonstrating the feasibility of the chosen approach for the intended application.

© 2017 IEEE. This paper introduces a comparative study of two different hysteresis models, limiting loop model and elemental operator model. The former is regarded as a mathematical approach based on the traditional Preisach model. To circumvent the difficulty of determining the distribution function in the Preisach model, the data of the limiting hysteresis loop and a function transform on the Preisach diagram are employed. The latter is a physical method which adopts a vectorial elemental operator with biaxial anisotropy based on the magnetization mechanisms of the ferromagnetic material. These two models are analyzed and compared in terms of the underlying principle, numerical implementation, and calculation accuracy in this paper. To verify the introduced models, the magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel Lycore-140 and soft magnetic composite material Somaloy 500 under alternating excitations are measured and compared with simulated results, which show the validity and practicability of the models but with different calculation accuracy and speed.

A wide range of systems are characterized by nonlinear hysteresis effects. This especially appears in moving or deforming mechanical systems. In an effort to model these effects, a novel approach is presented in this work. The proposed model is based on a state machine imposing very few restrictions on the modeled system and therefore allowing a wide range of applications. The state machine represents the memory of the system. The size of the hysteresis loop and the local dependence is described by envelop functions while the shape of the loop is affected by the transition function. In this work we use polynomial functions as the envelop function and a hyperbolic tangent function to model the transition. The separation of these two parts and hence the free choice of functions allows a very good and easy fit to real system behavior. The identification of two exemplary mechanical systems with hysteresis is described and the results are presented.

A magnetic hysteresis model is developed based on the vector generalization of Jiles–Atherton (JA) model combined with a simplified multiscale approach to take into account the effect of mechanical stress on the magnetic behavior. The model aims at representing electrical steel behavior under any loading configuration considering the magnetic field vector and the mechanical stress second-order tensor. Mechanical stress is introduced in the JA hysteresis model through the anhysteretic magnetization and a modified pinning parameter. The main properties of the model are shown under alternating and rotating applied induction, especially in terms of hysteresis losses. The differential magnetic susceptibility is derived from the model, and the implementation into a time-stepping finite-element method is detailed. Finally, a quasi-statically rotating switched reluctance motor is studied: considering different shrink-fitting conditions, the resulting stress is shown to have a significant effect on both distribution and global value of hysteresis losses.

In the present paper, the Preisach model of hysteresis is extended to structural analysis of trusses damaged under cyclic loading in plastic range. Parameters for the Preisach model of cyclic plasticity are obtained from uniaxial loading experiment. Damage, as a consequence of micro cracks appearance due to alternating loading in plastic domain, is modeled using brittle elements according to Preisach procedure. Results of this research are compared with the already existing in the literature. In the paper examples of trusses under various cyclic loadings are presented. Applied Mechanics and Materials

The dynamic hysteresis features in a two-dimensional mixed spin (1,3/2) Ising system are studied by using the within the effective-field theory with correlations based on Glauber-type stochastic. The dynamic phase transition temperatures and dynamic hysteresis curves are obtained for both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. It is observed that the dynamic hysteresis loop areas increase when the reduced temperatures increase, and the dynamic hysteresis loops disappear at certain reduced temperatures. The thermal behaviors of the coercivity and remanent magnetizations are also investigated. The results are compared with some theoretical and experimental works and found in a qualitatively good agreement. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Purpose – The paper presents a mathematical model for the hysteresis phenomenon in a multi-winding single-phase core type transformer. The set of loop differential equations was developed for Kth winding transformer model where the flux linkages of each winding includes a flux common Φ to all windings as function of magneto motive force Θ of all windings. The purpose of this paper is to first determine a hysteresis nonlinearity involved in Φ(Θ) function using modified Preisach theory and second to develop new analytical formula of Preisach distribution function (PDF). Design/methodology/approach – It is assumed in this paper that flux linkage characteristics Ψ(i) of each winding have nonlinear component due to the magnetization characteristic of the steel core and sum of linear components due to the self and mutual leakage fluxes. This nonlinear component of Ψ(i) characteristic can be expressed as a flux common Φ to all windings vs ampere-turns Θ of all windings. The nonlinear flux linkage characteristics...

SUMMARY Quantitative estimation of core loss considering magnetic hysteresis property is strongly required to develop high-efficient electrical machines. This paper presents a novel magnetic circuit model considering magnetic hysteresis. In the proposed model, dc hysteresis loss is calculated by the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation, while classical and anomalous eddy current losses are calculated in the magnetic circuit. It is demonstrated that the hysteresis loop under PWM wave excitation can be expressed by the proposed model. The validity and effectiveness of the method are proved by comparing with measured values.

In this article, a new mathematical model of a major hysteresis loop and a simple procedure for the formation of first-order and higher-order reversal curves are proposed. The applicability of the model has been tested by comparison with measured results, obtained with electrical steel and ferrite cores, and simulation results obtained with the Preisach model. Very good agreement has been found between simulated and measured major and minor hysteresis loops, as well as first-order and higher-order reversal curves.

The laminated core is tested under sinusoidal and dc-biased magnetizations. The measured data are manipulated by the proposed modified iterative method to obtain dc-biasing hysteresis loops accurately. The hysteresis model, based on a consuming function, is used to simulate the hysteresis effects of the iron core under different magnetizations. The fixed-point technique is combined with the harmonic-balanced method to compute exciting currents and magnetic fields simultaneously by considering the hysteresis effects. The global convergent strategies are presented to guarantee the convergence of harmonic solutions. The hysteretic characteristics and iron loss of the laminated core are analyzed on the basis of harmonic solutions of the magnetic field.