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Copyright of Gaceta Médica de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resistencia antimicrobiana

Introducción. El uso inadecuado de antibióticos se asocia con aumento de la resistencia antimicrobiana, mayores costos de atención médica, más efectos adversos y peores resultados clínicos. Objetivo. Determinar los patrones de prescripción y las indicaciones aprobadas y no aprobadas para macrólidos en un grupo de pacientes en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal sobre las indicaciones de uso de macrólidos en pacientes ambulatorios a partir de una base de datos de dispensación de medicamentos de 8,5 millones, aproximadamente, de personas afiliadas al sistema de salud de Colombia. Se consideraron variables sociodemográficas, farmacológicas y clínicas. Resultados. Se encontraron 9.344 pacientes que habían recibido prescripción de macrólidos; su mediana de edad era de 40,1 años (rango intercuartílico: 27,1-53,3 años) y el 58,3 % correspondía a mujeres. El macrólido más prescrito fue la azitromicina (38,8 %) y los usos más frecuentes fueron el tratamiento de la infección por Helicobacter pylori (15,9 %) y la neumonía (15,8 %). El 31,3 % de las prescripciones correspondía a indicaciones no aprobadas, destacándose el resfriado común (7,8 %), la Covid-19 (4,0 %) y la bronquitis aguda (3,5 %). La residencia en la región Caribe (OR=1,17; IC95% 1,05-1,31), las prescripciones odontológicas (OR=2,75; IC95% 1,91-3,96), las comorbilidades respiratorias crónicas (OR=1,30; IC95% 1,08-1,56), y la prescripción de eritromicina (OR=3,66; IC95% 3,24-4,14) o azitromicina (OR=2,15; IC95% 1,92-2,41), se asociaron con una mayor probabilidad de recibir macrólidos para indicaciones no aprobadas, en tanto que tener entre 18 y 64 años (OR=0,81; IC95% 0,71-0,93), 65 o más años (OR=0,77; IC95% 0,63-0,94) y residir en Bogotá-Cundinamarca (OR=0,74; IC95% 0,65-0,85) reducían dicho riesgo. Conclusiones. La mayoría de los pacientes recibieron macrólidos para infecciones del sistema respiratorio; la eritromicina y la azitromicina se prescribieron en indicaciones no aprobadas en menores de 18 años y en quienes presentaban enfermedades respiratorias crónicas.

Introducción: se consideran prescripciones inapropiadas de medicamentos cuando el riesgo supera el beneficio, o en las que hay un incremento en el potencial de interacciones farmacológicas. Para evitarlo en el adulto mayor se han desarrollado herramientas como los criterios Beers y los PRISCUS. Objetivo: identificar las prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas en la población adulta mayor que consultó al servicio de medicina interna del Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo mediante los listados Beers y PRISCUS. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en pacientes mayores de 65 años, se calculó el tamaño de la muestra en 357 pacientes. La información recolectada fue almacenada en el programa excel versión 2013 y analizada en EPI INFO versión 7.1.4. Resultados: la mediana de edad fue 75 años, el género masculino 52,66%, el promedio de medicamentos por paciente fue de 8,77 con una DE +/- 5. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue insuficiencia cardiaca con 29 casos (8,12 %). La prescripción inapropiada de medicamentos (PIM) según los criterios Beers, se observó en 4,9%, los más frecuentes fueron metoclopramida 20% y amiodarona 14%. La lista PRISCUS identificó 2.5% de prescripciones inapropiadas siendo prazosin (20%) el más relacionado. Conclusiones: los medicamentos encontrados según los criterios BEERS fueron metoclopramida, amiodarona, prazosina, betametildigoxina y con los PRISCUS, prazosina, haloperidol, betametildigoxina y difenhidramina.

Fundamento: los antimicrobianos forman parte de la familia de fármacos que más se prescriben en el mundo. Sus altos niveles de disponibilidad y consumo han conducido a un uso desproporcionado e inapropiado de estos fármacos.Objetivo: evaluar la prescripción de antimicrobianos en niños hospitalizados en cuatro servicios clínicos del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos.Métodos: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, de corte transversal sobre la prescripción de antimicrobianos a pacientes en edad pediátrica. Se analizaron como variables: antimicrobiano indicado, dosis, subdosis, tiempo del tratamiento y diagnóstico al egreso.Resultados: se estudiaron 504 pacientes, a los que se les realizó 641 prescripciones, para una razón de 1,27 prescripciones por paciente. Se prescribió incorrectamente en el 32,3 % (n = 207) y no tenían indicación de tratamiento antimicrobiano 109 (17 %). El error más frecuente se produjo en el cálculo de la dosis a administrar y el tiempo de tratamiento en ambas categorías de estudio. El uso inadecuado de antimicrobiano fue mayor en las penicilinas (27 %), cefalosporinas (36 %) y las quinolonas (77 %). Mostraron mayor error de prescripción las enfermedades infecciosas 78 (32,6 %) y digestivas (62,5 %).Conclusiones: en los servicios clínicos estudiados se identificaron prácticas inadecuadas en la prescripción de antimicrobianos.

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La polifarmacia en el adulto mayor es de interés para las autoridades sanitarias porque predispone a interacciones farmacológicas y efectos secundarios nocivos que pueden causar la muerte. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar las prescripciones medicamentosas potencialmente inapropiadas en adultos mayores, así como evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios disponibles. Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Pubmed, Dialnet, Scielo, Scient direct, Redalyc, Ovid. La ecuación de búsqueda fue: prescripción inadecuada AND medicamentos AND adulto mayor y sus equivalentes en inglés y portugués. Se encontraron, en la búsqueda inicial, 20.296 artículos y fueron incluidos finalmente en la revisión 42 artículos. Se encontró que el 50% de los artículos fueron de diseño transversal; el rango de prevalencia de MPI fue de 19,8% a 98,2%, detectados por los criterios de Beer, STOPP, START, PRISCUS, ACOVE, FROTA o MAI. Los MPI mayormente identificados fueron las benzodiazepinas y los factores que se asociaron fueron el número de medicamentos, la edad, el sexo y la presencia de comorbilidades.

Introduction: The inappropriate use of antibiotics is associated with a greater risk for antimicrobial resistance, high health care costs, adverse events, and worse clinical outcomes. Objective: To determine the prescription patterns and approved and nonapproved indications for macrolides in a group of patients from Colombia. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study on the indications for the use of macrolides in outpatients registered in a drug-dispensing database of approximately 8.5 million people affiliated with the Colombian health system. Sociodemographic, pharmacological, and clinical variables were considered. Results: A total of 9.344 patients had received a macrolide prescription; their median age was 40.1 years (interquartile range: 27.1-53.3 years) and 58.3% were women. The most commonly prescribed macrolide was azithromycin (38.8%) most frequently for Helicobacter pylori infection (15.9%) and pneumonia treatment (15.8%). A total of 31.3% of the prescriptions were used for unapproved indications: common cold (7.8%), COVID-19 (4.0%), and acute bronchitis (3.5%). Residence in the Caribbean region (OR=1.17; 95%CI 1.05-1.31), dental prescriptions (OR=2.75; 95%CI 1.91-3.96), presence of chronic respiratory comorbidities (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.08-1.56), and prescription of erythromycin (OR=3.66; 95%CI 3.24-4.14) or azithromycin (OR=2.15; 95%CI 1,92-2.41) were associated with a higher probability of macrolide use for unapproved indications while being 18-64 years old (OR=0.81; 95%CI 0.71-0.93) or 65 years or older (OR=0.77; 95%CI 0.63-0.94) and residing in Bogotá-Cundinamarca (OR=0.74; 95%CI 0.65-0.85) were associated with reduced risk. Conclusions: Most patients received macrolides for respiratory tract infections; erythromycin and azithromycin were used for unapproved indications in people under 18 years of age and those with chronic respiratory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Família, Ciclos de Vida e Saúde no Contexto Social (REFACS) is the property of Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Instituto de Ciencias da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: antimicrobials are part of the drugs family that are most prescribed in the world. Their high levels of availability and consumption have led to a disproportionate increase and inappropriate use of these drugs. Objective: to evaluate the prescription of antimicrobials in children hospitalized in four clinical services of the Paquito González Cueto Pediatric University Hospital in Cienfuegos. Methods: descriptive, correlational cross-sectional study on the prescription of antimicrobials to pediatric patients. The following variables were analyzed: indicated antimicrobial, dose, subdose, treatment time and diagnosis at discharge. Results: 504 patients were studied, who received 641 prescriptions, for a ratio of 1.27 prescriptions per patient. It was incorrectly prescribed in 32.3% (n = 207) and there was no indication for antimicrobial treatment in 109 (17%). The most frequent error occurred in the calculation of the dose to be administered and the treatment time in both study categories. Inappropriate antimicrobial use was higher for penicillins (27%), cephalosporins (36%), and quinolones (77%). Infectious diseases 78 (32.6%) and digestive diseases (62.5%) showed a greater prescription error. Conclusions: inadequate practices in the prescription of antimicrobials were identified in the clinical services studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The impact of inappropriate prescription of medication in the elderly has led to the development of methods for its reduction in several parts of the world. Objective: To design and validate the medication approaches potentially inappropriate in the elderly, adapted to the socio-sanitary environment of Cuba. Methods: A qualitative investigation was carried out, in which the approaches were validated by means of the Delphi methodology, by an experts committee (specialists in geriatrics medicine and clinic from different geographical areas of the country), and the internal consistency was calculated by means of the alpha coefficient of Cronbach. Results: The approaches were structured in three lists: 1) potentially inappropriate medication, advised medication non prescribed, when contraindication doesn't exist for its use; 2) medication potentially inappropriate, independent from the diagnosis or clinical condition; 3) potentially inappropriate medication, depending on the diagnosis or clinical condition. Conclusions: The validity of the content and the appropriate internal consistency of the designed approaches for the medication identification potentially inappropriate in the elderly were demonstrated.

Introduction: Studying the prescription of last generation antibiotics helps to identify the causes and consequences of the inadequate use of antibiotics. These include the appearance of antibacterial resistance, a situation declared by the WHO as a global public health problem. Aim: To describe the prescription of linezolid in a high complexity hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, considering the follow-up of the recommendations for the use of the drug included in clinical practice guidelines (CPG) and its indications. Methods: A descriptive observational study of longitudinal section was performed with retrospective collection of the information of all patients who were prescribed linezolid, at a minimum dose of 600 mg every 12 h during their hospitalization in the period from January 1st, 2017, to December 31st, 2018. The characteristics of linezolid prescription were described. Results: 133 prescriptions were reviewed. The most frequently diagnosed were sepsis of different origin (pulmonary abdominal, urinary) with 22.6 % (30/133), followed by skin and soft tissue infection 16.5 % (22/133), the pneumonia with 12.8 % (17/133) and urinary tract infections with 9.8 % (13/133). Two days treatment was the most frequent (range 1-30 days). In 33 % (44/133) of the patients, linezolid was used empirically (without using a previous antibiotic), while in 40.6 % (54/133) it was used as a second option (a previous antibiotic scheme). It was used as a third option in 20.3 % (27/133). Finally, in 6 % (8/133) of the patients, linezolid was prescribed after three previous antibiotics. It was necessary to use another antibiotic in near fifty percent of patients because linezolid did not work. Conclusions: The present study shows that there is little adherence to the institutional CPGs in relation to the treatment time, the microorganism identification, and the use as first option. The absence of a full-time infectious disease specialist, the high workload and the continuous rotation of prescribing staff may be the cause of these results. Some cases of inappropriate use may be related to the clinical condition of the patient which requires empirical treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction A broad range of practices aimed at improving the effectives and safety of this process have been documented over the past few years. Objective To establish the effectiveness, safety and results of the implementation of these strategies in adult patients in university hospitals. Methodology A review of systematic reviews was conducted, in addition to a database search in the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Epistemonikos, LILACS and gray literature. Any strategy aimed at reducing prescription-associated risks was included as intervention. This review followed the protocol registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020165143. Results 7,637 studies were identified, upon deleting duplicate references. After excluding records based on titles and abstracts, 111 full texts were assessed for eligibility. Fifteen studies were included in the review. Several interventions grouped into 5 strategies addressed to the prescription process were identified; the use of computerized medical order entry systems (CPOE), whether integrated or not with computerized decision support systems (CDSS), was the most effective approach. Conclusions The beneficial effects of the interventions intended to the prescription process in terms of efficacy were identified; however, safety and implementation results were not thoroughly assessed. The heterogeneity of the studies and the low quality of the reviews, preclude a meta-analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypharmacy in the elderly is of interest to health authorities because it predisposes to harmful drug interactions, side effects, and even death. The objective of this review was to identify potentially inappropriate drug prescriptions in older adults, as well as to assess the methodological quality of the available studies. A systematic review was carried out in the databases Pubmed, Dialnet, Scielo, Scient direct, Redalyc, Ovid. The search equation was Inadequate prescription AND medications AND older adults and their equivalents in English and Portuguese. In the initial search, 20,296 articles were found, and 42 articles were finally included in the review. It was found that 50% of the articles were crosssectional design; the prevalence range of PIMPs from 19.8% to 98.2%, detected by Beer criteria, STOPP, START, PRISCUS, ACOVE, FROTA or MAI. The most commonly identified PIMPs were benzodiazepines and the associated factors were the number of medications, age, sex, and the presence of comorbidities. As a result, the observed prevalence of PIMPs in older adults is high and is related to the number of medications the patient takes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The impact of inappropriate prescription of medication in the elderly has led to the development of methods for its reduction in several parts of the world. Objective: To design and validate the medication approaches potentially inappropriate in the elderly, adapted to the socio-sanitary environment of Cuba. Methods: A qualitative investigation was carried out, in which the approaches were validated by means of the Delphi methodology, by an experts committee (specialists in geriatrics medicine and clinic from different geographical areas of the country), and the internal consistency was calculated by means of the alpha coefficient of Cronbach. Results: The approaches were structured in three lists: 1) potentially inappropriate medication, advised medication non prescribed, when contraindication doesn't exist for its use; 2) medication potentially inappropriate, independent from the diagnosis or clinical condition; 3) potentially inappropriate medication, depending on the diagnosis or clinical condition. Conclusions: The validity of the content and the appropriate internal consistency of the designed approaches for the medication identification potentially inappropriate in the elderly were demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Saúde Pública is the property of Faculdade de Educacao da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Patients with life-limiting illnesses are prone to unnecessary polypharmacy. Deprescribing tools may contribute to minimizing negative outcomes. Thus, the aims of the study were to identify validated instruments for deprescribing inappropriate medications for patients with palliative care needs and to assess the impact on clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes., Methods: A systematic review was conducted in LILACS, PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and WEB OF SCIENCE databases (until May 2021). A manual search was performed in the references of enrolled articles. The screening, eligibility, extraction, and bias risk assessment were carried out by 2 independent researchers. Experimental and observational studies were eligible for inclusion., Results: Out of the 5791 studies retrieved, after excluding duplicates (n = 1050), conducting title/abstract screening (n = 4741), and full reading (n = 41), only 1 study met the inclusion criteria. In this included study, a randomized controlled trial was conducted, which showed a high level of bias risk overall. Adults 75 years or older (n = 130) with limited life expectancy and polypharmacy were allocated to 2 groups [intervention arm (deprescribing); and control arm (usual care)]. Deprescribing was performed with the aid of the STOPPFrail tool. The mean number of inappropriate medications and monthly medication costs were significantly lower in the intervention arm. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of unscheduled hospital presentations, falls, fractures, mortality, and quality of life., Conclusions: Despite the availability of several instruments to support deprescribing in patients with palliative care needs, only 1 of them has undergone validation and robust assessment for effectiveness in clinical practice. The STOPPFrail tool appears to reduce the number of inappropriate medications for older people with limited life expectancy (and probably palliative care needs) and decrease the monthly costs of pharmacotherapy. Nevertheless, the impact on patient safety and humanistic outcomes remain unclear., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Patients with life-limiting illnesses are prone to unnecessary polypharmacy. Deprescribing tools may contribute to minimizing negative outcomes. Thus, the aims of the study were to identify validated instruments for deprescribing inappropriate medications for patients with palliative care needs and to assess the impact on clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes., Methods: A systematic review was conducted in LILACS, PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and WEB OF SCIENCE databases (until May 2021). A manual search was performed in the references of enrolled articles. The screening, eligibility, extraction, and bias risk assessment were carried out by two independent researchers. Experimental and observational studies were eligible for inclusion., Results: Out of the 5,791 studies retrieved, after excluding duplicates (n = 1,050), conducting title/abstract screening (n = 4,741), and full reading (n = 41), only one study met the inclusion criteria. In this included study, a randomized controlled trial was conducted, which showed a high level of bias risk overall. Adults 75 years or older (n = 130) with limited life expectancy and polypharmacy were allocated to two groups [intervention arm (deprescribing); and control arm (usual care)]. Deprescribing was performed with the aid of the STOPPFrail tool. The mean number of inappropriate medications and monthly medication costs were significantly lower in the intervention arm. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of unscheduled hospital presentations, falls, fractures, mortality, and quality of life., Conclusions: Despite the availability of several instruments to support deprescribing in patients with palliative care needs, only one of them has undergone validation and robust assessment for effectiveness in clinical practice. The STOPPFrail tool appears to reduce the number of inappropriate medications for older people with limited life expectancy (and probably palliative care needs) and decrease the monthly costs of pharmacotherapy. Nevertheless, the impact on patient safety and humanistic outcomes remain unclear., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objetivo: Describir el uso irracional de antibióticos en base a criterios de McIsaac (criterios de Centor modificados por McIsaac), en una unidad de salud de primer nivel de atención. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con los registros de pacientes de 3 a 19 años atendidos en el servicio de emergencia (246), con los diagnósticos de faringitis aguda, amigdalitis aguda, e infecciones respiratorias superiores agudas de múltiples sitios y sin especificar. Se estableció como prescripción inadecuada si el facultativo indicó antibióticos con un puntaje menor o igual a 1 sobre 5 puntos o si no prescribió antibióticos con puntaje mayor o 4 sobre 5 puntos. Resultados: Se estimó 24,29% de uso inadecuado de antibióticos de los registros de emergencia. Se prescribió antibióticos en 160 pacientes, de los cuales se encontró que, amoxicilina fue el más utilizado (61,87%); seguido de benzilpenicilina benzatina (28,12%) y en tercer lugar macrólidos (8,12%). Conclusión: En la unidad de primer nivel analizada se encontró que el uso inadecuado de antibióticos es superior a la prevalecía estimada de faringoamigdalitis estreptocócica para el grupo de edad estudiado. Por esto, es imperativo que se tomen las medidas necesarias a nivel institucional y comunitario para lograr su reducción y evitar las complicaciones que se derivan de esta.

RESUMEN Introducción: La calidad de la prescripción de fármacos en personas mayores polimedicadas constituye un aspecto de gran relevancia en la calidad asistencial en atención primaria, ya que tienen un elevado riesgo de sufrir prescripciones inadecuadas y falta de cumplimiento terapéutico, lo que deriva en importantes repercusiones sanitarias. Objetivo: Analizar la idoneidad de la prescripción farmacéutica y el cumplimiento del tratamiento en la población mayor de 75 años polimedicada en una zona básica de salud de atención primaria. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se incluyeron 273 pacientes de 75 años o más. La información se obtuvo a través de revisión de historias clínicas y revisión del tratamiento a través de los criterios STOPP/ START. Resultados: El porcentaje de prescripción inadecuada fue del 80,6%, con predominio de los criterios STOPP (67,4%) frente a los criterios START (53,3%). El porcentaje de cumplimiento terapéutico fue del 93,8%. Conclusiones: Existe un porcentaje de prescripción inadecuada muy elevado, así como del grado de cumplimiento terapéutico (93,8%) en pacientes mayores de 75 años polimedicados, aunque no se halla relación entre ambas variables.

Background: The elderly people have high morbimortality associated with respiratory disorders, in addition to the presence of other safety risk factors, such as the use of potentially inappropriate medication and the occurrence of drug interactions. Objective: Considering the current pandemic scenario, it was intended to identify explicit criteria-based tools that reported drug interactions between potentially inappropriate medication and respiratory system disorders and possibly worse prognosis of COVID-19 infection. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted until February 2020. Study characteristics of explicit criteria-based tools, and potentially inappropriate medication, drug interactions, and therapeutic management, were extracted. Results: Nineteen explicit criteria-based tools were included. Nineteen drug interactions and 17 potentially inappropriate medications with concerns for three respiratory disorders (asthma, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, and respiratory failure) were identified. The most frequent pharmacological classes reported were benzodiazepines and betablockers. For clinical management, the tools recommend using cardioselective beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II type I receptor blockers and benzodiazepines with a short or intermediate half-life. Conclusion: Considering the increased risk of COVID-19 infection in the elderly, drug interactions and the use of potentially inappropriate medication associated with the occurrence of adverse drug events in the respiratory system may also worsening COVID-19 infection in patients with uncontrolled respiratory disorders. Thus, it is essential to assess drug therapy in use, to identify safety risks and monitor the elderly in general and those with a worse prognosis concerning COVID-19, promoting patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: la cascada de prescripción se produce cuando se prescribe un nuevo medicamento para “tratar” una reacción adversa asociada con otro medicamento, basada esta prescripción en la creencia errónea de que una nueva condición médica que requiere tratamiento se ha instaurado. Objetivo: identificar a los pacientes que presentaban reacción en cascada, proponiendo los principios para la prevención. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo y transversal del problema identificado en la práctica diaria en el nivel primario de salud durante las interconsultas realizadas en los cuatro policlínicos universitarios del municipio Pinar del Río en la etapa comprendida entre los abril a octubre de 2016. Los casos fueron detectados durante la Evaluación Geriátrica Integral. Se tuvo en cuenta el criterio de paciente geriátrico y el número de medicamentos que consumían. El universo lo integraron los 144 pacientes de 60 y más años atendidos en la primera consulta durante la evaluación geriátrica integral (n=15) estos fueron seguidos semanalmente durante ocho semanas, en cada una de las consultas fueron evaluados los síntomas por los cuales consultaron en la consulta inicial. Resultado: fueron diagnosticados quince casos en los que se pensó en una reacción en cascada, confirmándose posteriormente el diagnóstico una vez que se sustituyó el medicamento, se suspendió o se reajustaron las dosis. Conclusiones: el seguimiento de los pacientes durante ocho semanas permitió btener resultados favorables en relación a la sintomatología referida al inicio de la primera Evaluación Geriátrica Integral.

Background: It has been documented that NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drugs) reduce the effectiveness of some antihypertensive drugs., Objective: Analyze the prescription of NSAID and the variables associated in outpatients with hypertension and explore some characteristics of the physicians., Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study, included patients with hypertension from the Family Medicine Unit No. 24 in Mante, Tamaulipas. From the patients, sociodemographic data, clinical history and pharmacological treatments were obtained. From the physicians, sociodemographic and academic information were collected., Results: Mean age of the patients was 63 ± 11 years and 31.7% were prescribed NSAIDs. When compare exposed versus non-exposed to NSAIDs, being in uncontrolled high blood pressure, uncontrolled hypertension, multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The variables associated to the prescription of NSAIDs were: uncontrolled hypertension, multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The 56.7% of the physicians were women, 83.3% with experience >10 years and 33.3% with current certification by the Council in Family Medicine., Conclusions: The inappropriate prescription of NSAIDs revealed the need to implement actions to mitigate the potential risk for the hypertension patients to present a complication., (Copyright: © 2024 Permanyer.)

Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dentro del protocolo de pacientes polimedicados/as elaborado por el Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, los/las médicos/as de atención primaria reciben periódicamente los listados de los tratamientos de pacientes de cualquier edad que consumen 10 o más medicamentos/día durante un período de 6 meses. Actualmente, el Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias está desarrollando un proyecto orientado a evaluar las medicaciones de pacientes polimedicados/as, con el fin de identificar: 1) el consumo de medicamentos de utilidad terapéutica baja, 2) el consumo de fármacos potencialmente nefrotóxicos en pacientes con filtrado glomerular disminuido, y 3) la posible prescripción inadecuada en pacientes mayores de 65 años. El proyecto se inició con una primera fase llevada a cabo en el Área Sanitaria II y actualmente se pretende extenderlo a las áreas sanitarias restantes. Consideramos que su automatización y aplicación generalizada podrían ser útiles para optimizar la prescripción de medicamentos.

Abstract Pediatric patients, especially those admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU), are highly vulnerable to medication errors. This study aimed to measure the prescription error rate in a university hospital neonatal ICU and to identify susceptible patients, types of errors, and the medicines involved. The variables related to medicines prescribed were compared to the Neofax prescription protocol. The study enrolled 150 newborns and analyzed 489 prescription order forms, with 1,491 medication items, corresponding to 46 drugs. Prescription error rate was 43.5%. Errors were found in dosage, intervals, diluents, and infusion time, distributed across 7 therapeutic classes. Errors were more frequent in preterm newborns. Diluent and dosing were the most frequent sources of errors. The therapeutic classes most involved in errors were antimicrobial agents and drugs that act on the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Introducción: La conciliación del tratamiento farmacológico consiste en revisar y registrar de forma completa y precisa la medicación habitual de un paciente, con objeto de conseguir la seguridad del mismo en cuanto al uso de los medicamentos. El objetivo principal de este estudio es cuantificar las discrepancias de conciliación producidas como consecuencia de la transición sanitaria del paciente entre los distintos niveles asistenciales. Métodos: Estudio piloto descriptivo multicéntrico desarrollado con 29 pacientes en seis farmacias comunitarias onubenses durante tres meses. Se estudia el tratamiento farmacológico del paciente comparando su tratamiento habitual con el nuevo tratamiento instaurado. Para la toma de decisiones se emplean la Base de Datos de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios, el método Dáder en seguimiento farmacoterapéutico y los criterios Stopp-Start en pacientes mayores de 65 años. Resultados: En un 37,9% de los pacientes estudiados se encontraron discrepancias en la medicación, principalmente en pacientes que proceden del hospital (36,4% tras alta hospitalaria y 45,5% tras visita al especialista). Las discrepancias mayoritarias tras la conciliación se detectan en la patología cardiovascular, seguida en menor medida por la patología renal. En un 36,4% de los casos el tipo de error observado ha sido la duplicidad de tratamiento farmacológico para una misma patología y en un 27,3% de los pacientes se detectaron enfermedades que no estaban siendo tratadas. Asimismo, se observaron pautas erróneas en el tratamiento (18,2%) y dosis erróneas de administración (9,1%). Un 81,8 % de los pacientes fue derivado al médico. Conclusión: Las discrepancias en el tratamiento farmacológico de un paciente tras el cambio de nivel asistencial son muy elevadas. Dado que el farmacéutico comunitario es el último profesional sanitario en contacto con el paciente antes de la administración del medicamento, su intervención permite detectar estas discrepancias, disminuyendo la morbilidad asociada a las mismas y contribuyendo a garantizar la continuidad asistencial.

Objetivo: Describir la prescripción inadecuada (PI) en la población polimedicada mayor de 64 años en atención primaria mediante los criterios STOPP/START. Diseño: Descriptivo, transversal y multicéntrico. Emplazamiento: Cuatro centros urbanos de atención primaria de Barcelona. Participantes: Selección aleatoria de pacientes mayores de 64 años con más de 5 fármacos prescritos durante al menos 6 meses (n = 467). Mediciones principales: Se estudiaron los principales problemas de salud, fármacos prescritos de forma crónica y el porcentaje de PI mediante los criterios STOPP/START. Se consideró porcentaje de PI al porcentaje de pacientes con incumplimiento de al menos un criterio STOPP o START, y se calculó con un IC del 95%. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó chi-cuadrado. Resultados: La edad media fue de 77,3 (± 7,0 DE), con una media de 8,9 (± 2,8 DE) fármacos prescritos. La PI fue mayor a mayor número de fármacos prescritos (p

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The prescription and costs of antiulcer medications for in-hospital use have increased during recent years with reported inadequate use and underused. Aim: To determine the patterns of prescription-indication and also perform an economic analysis of the overcost caused by the non-justified use of antiulcer medications in a third level hospital in Colombia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study of prescription-indication of antiulcer medications for patients hospitalized in "Hospital Universitario San Jorge" of Pereira during July of 2012. Adequate or inadequate prescription of the first antiulcer medication prescribed was determined as well as for others prescribed during the hospital stay, supported by clinical practice guidelines from the Zaragoza I sector workgroup, clinical guidelines from the Australian Health Department, and finally the American College of Gastroenterology Criteria for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Daily defined dose per bed/day was used, as well as the cost for 100 beds/day and the cost of each bed/drug. A multivariate analysis was carried out using SPSS 21.0. Results: 778 patients were analyzed, 435 men (55.9%) and 343 women, mean age 56.6 ± 20.1 years. The number of patients without justification for the prescription of the first antiulcer medication was 377 (48.5%), and during the whole in-hospital time it was 336 (43.2%). Ranitidine was the most used medication, in 438 patients (56.3%). The cost/month for poorly justified antiulcer medications was € 3,335.6. The annual estimated cost for inadequate prescriptions of antiulcer medications was € 16,770.0 per 100 beds. Conclusion: A lower inadequate prescription rate of antiulcer medications was identified compared with other studies; however it was still high and is troubling because of the major costs that these inadequate prescriptions generates for the institution.

Copyright of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental is the property of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado e Fundamental Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this work was to collect, evaluate and interpret the available evidence on the relationship between continuity in primary care (i.e., longitudinality), and the prevalence of polypharmacy and its associated problems. Following the PRISMA reporting statement, we carried out a systematic review of the literature searching PubMed and Scopus databases. The screening of titles and summaries and the review of references carried out independently by two authors detected 16 works of potential interest, of which 4 were discarded after the independent review of all the originals because they did not meet inclusion criteria. The 12 papers selected studied the relationship between Longitudinality, measured with various quantitative indices, and the rate of polypharmacy or various associated problems, such as duplicate drugs, inadequate prescriptions or drug interactions. They all showed a significant relationship, often strong (RR>2 or<0.5), between longitudinality indicators and the various dependent variables. Although our knowledge could be improved by prospective studies that more directly evaluate longitudinality and its impact on problems due to excess medication, with the existing evidence, we can affirm that the protection and promotion of continuity in primary care can be a key element for the control of polypharmacy and associated problems., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introducción: La resistencia microbiana es considerada un fenómeno emergente en todo el mundo y la calidad de la prescripción de los agentes antimicrobianos constituye un elemento esencial en su control. Objetivo: Determinar la calidad de prescripción de agentes antimicrobianos en pacientes hospitalizados en servicios clínicos. Métodos: Se realizó prevalencia puntual, en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico "Joaquín Albarrán" durante el período mayo 2008-febrero 2009, mediante evaluación de los pacientes ingresados durante un día de cada uno de los meses del período de estudio. Se utilizó un instrumento, que fue aplicado por 2 investigadores y en una segunda etapa fueron analizados por expertos en uso de agentes antimicrobianos, que determinaron aquellos con prescripción inadecuada. Se calculó la proporción de uso de agentes antimicrobianos y la proporción de prescripción inadecuada. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 1 175 pacientes de los cuales utilizaron agentes antimicrobianos 456 (38,80 %), reportado de forma inadecuada en 66 pacientes (14,5 %). La causa fundamental de prescripción inadecuada fue el uso cuando no estaba indicado o no era necesario (51 pacientes) y la duración incorrecta del tratamiento (40 pacientes). Identificamos deficiencias en la calidad de prescripción de agentes antimicrobianos en pacientes hospitalizados en servicios clínicos, para cuya solución se requieren intervenciones educacionales y organizacionales.

The elderly are highly vulnerable to problems stemming from drug use. This is due to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of aging itself, the multiple and complex diseases and concomitant use of several drugs. In this sense, the present study aimed at evaluating potential pharmacotherapeutic problems of the elderly in a Unit of Primary Healthcare of Minas Gerais. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 100 elderly. The convenience sample was calculated based on the total of elderly enrolled in the Health Unit. Data were collected through interviews, from which we obtained sociodemographic data related to the use of medications, health conditions, among others. 117 potential drug therapy problems and 2 duplicates, 7 overdoses, 72 potential drug-drug interactions and 8.5% inappropriate drugs for the elderly, according to the Beers Criteria, were identified. These results are worrying and highlight the need to implement monitoring of drug therapy services in Primary Healthcare Units seeking to improve the quality of life for seniors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)