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Pressure-dependent structural and chemical changes of the metal–organic framework (MOF) compound MIL-47(V) have been investigated up to 2.9 GPa using pore-penetrating liquid, water as pressure transmitting medium (PTM). Under compression, MIL-47(V) undergoes reversible replacement of the free terephthallic acid (TPA) by H2O molecules near 0.7 and 1.5 GPa. The observed structural and chemical changes observed in hydroxyl linked vanadium octahedra in as-synthesised MIL-47(V) demonstrate unique high pressure chemistry depending on the type of bridging octahedral group in framework structure. The tunable bridging group in MIL-47(V) allows postsynthetic room temperature by pressure-induced removal and insertion of organic molecules in MOFs through the formation of stable phases at ambient conditions.

In this paper, the methods of digital rock physics are applied to determine pressure‐dependent effective thermal conductivity in rock samples. Simulations are performed with an in‐house three‐dimensional finite volume code. In the first step, four numerical models are derived from a given tomographic scan of Berea sandstone. Consequently, simulations of the thermal conductivity at ambient conditions are performed and validated with experimental data. In a second step, a new workflow for the determination of the pressure‐dependent thermal conductivity in rock samples is elaborated, tested and calibrated. Results originating from the derived workflow show very good agreement with experimental data., ttps://www.rockphysics.org/index.php/downloads

In this work, we consider flow of a fluid with pressure-dependent viscosity down an inclined porous plane with variable permeability that is incorporated in the pressure-dependent drag coefficient. We provide a solution to a recently developed flow model, and study the effects of flow and domain parameters (viscosity control parameter, permeability proportionality constant, and angle of inclination) on the flow characteristics. Suitability of a variable permeability model that considers permeability proportional to the flow velocity is investigated. Results show that large values of the permeability proportionality constant have little or no effects on flow characteristics.

SUMMARY Elastic and electrical properties can be jointly interpreted for better characterizations of rocks with cracks that are common in geological rocks. However, the cross-property relationship between the elastic and electrical properties of cracked rocks, which forms the key to the successful joint elastic–electrical interpretation, remains poorly understood. We investigate the pressure effects on the joint elastic–electrical properties in brine-saturated artificial sandstones with aligned non-interacting penny-shaped cracks that are far from percolation. We measured and compared the anisotropic electrical conductivity and ultrasonic velocity in the artificial sandstones with and without aligned cracks under applied effective stress from 5 to 50 MPa. We showed that the existence of aligned cracks significantly enhanced the elastic and electrical anisotropies of the rocks, and the difference in the elastic and electrical anisotropies between the cracked and intact samples reduced as the effective stress increased. We also showed that the pressure-dependent electrical conductivity and ultrasonic velocity exhibited strong linear correlations in both the intact and cracked samples cored in different directions, and a difference existed in the slopes between the samples with and without aligned cracks. The distinct contributions of the pressure-induced deformation of cracks to the anisotropic elastic and electrical properties, as well as their different sensitivity to the cracks, were found to plausibly explain the observed experimental results. Theoretical modelling for quantitative interpretation of the experimental data is presented in a companion paper.

This paper presents a study on Chlef sand to examine the effect of fines content (Fc), relative density (RD) and initial conditions on the compressibility behavior. The interpretation of the results is based on the concept of the intergranular voids ratio (es) and two hypoplastic parameters model Hs and n for calculation of the maximum voids ratio. The œdometric tests results made in the laboratory show that the fines content transition (Fct) of Chlef sand is in good agreement with the results published in the literature. The results obtained indicate that the higher value of fines fraction (Fc) in the sand cause an increase in the compressibility coefficient (Cc) and the granular compressibility coefficient (Cc-s). Moreover increasing the density from 65 to 80% decreased both coefficients (Cc) and (Cc-s). The samples prepared with the moist tamping method (w = 3%) have compressibility coefficients greater than samples prepared by the dry pluviation method (w = 0%). We have shown that the fines content transition (Fct) depends on the initial state of the samples (relative density, preparation method and maximum void ratio). Finally the granulometric characteristics (D10, D50 and Cu) have a significant effect on compression behavior. Nevertheless a good exponential correlation has been found between the compressibility coefficient (Cc), the granular compressibility coefficient (Cc-s) and the effective diameter (D10), the average diameter (D50) and the uniformity coefficient (Cu).

Equations governing the flow of a fluid with pressure-dependent viscosity through an isotropic porous structure are derived using the method of intrinsic volume averaging. Viscosity of the fluid is assumed to be a variable function of pressure, and the effects of the porous microstructure are modelled and included in the pressure-dependent drag coefficient. Five friction factors relating to five different microstructures are used in this work

We report the pressure (P) dependent Curie temperature, Tc (P) in a FeCoNiCuMn high entropy alloy (HEA). We analyze Tc (P) in terms of d-orbital contraction to explain changes in magnetic exchange interactions (Jex). Considerations of the d-radius contraction inferred from the composition dependence of Tc in γ-Fe-Ni are combined with experimental data for P-dependent lattice constants and magnetic measurements of Tc (P), to calculate contributions of atomic spacing and d-orbital radii to Jex. We show the d-orbital contraction with P captures most of the Tc variation in this alloy.

A pressure-dependent velocity boundary condition is developed based on wear theory for modeling self-reacting friction stir welding using computational fluid dynamics approach, which provides a new perspective in understanding the physics of sliding/sticking transition condition. The importance of shear layer in weld formation is emphasized. Effects of welding speed on the weld cross-section geometry can be robustly captured with this newly developed boundary condition. Computational results show that at higher welding speed, the TMAZ boundary moves towards the pin periphery at the advancing side, which corresponds to the experimental observations. This tendency could serve as a numerical criterion to predict void defect formation.

Structure-based models are coarse-grained representations of the interactions responsible for the protein folding process. In their simplest form, they use only the native contact map of a given protein to predict the main features of its folding process by computer simulation. Given their limitations, these models are frequently complemented with sequence-dependent contributions or additional information. Specifically, to analyze the effect of pressure on the folding/unfolding transition, special forms of these interaction potentials are employed, which may a priori determine the outcome of the simulations. In this work, we have tried to keep the original simplicity of structure-based models. Therefore, we have used folded structures that have been experimentally determined at different pressures to define native contact maps and thus interactions dependent on pressure. Despite the apparently tiny structural differences induced by pressure, our simulation results provide different thermodynamic and kinetic behaviors, which roughly correspond to experimental observations (when there is a possible comparison) of two proteins used as benchmarks, hen egg-white lysozyme and dihydrofolate reductase. Therefore, this work shows the feasibility of using experimental native structures at different pressures to analyze the global effects of this physical property on the protein folding process.

The elastic and ultrasonic properties have been evaluated at room temperature between the pressure 0.6 and 10.4 GPa for hexagonal closed packed (hcp) hafnium (Hf) metal. The Lennard-Jones potential model has been used to compute the second and third order elastic constants for Hf. The elastic constants have been utilized to calculate the mechanical constants such as Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Zener anisotropy factor for finding the stability and durability of hcp hafnium metal within the chosen pressure range. The second order elastic constants were also used to compute the ultrasonic velocities along unique axis at different angles for the given pressure range. Further thermophysical properties such as specific heat per unit volume and energy density have been estimated at different pressures. Additionally, ultrasonic Grüneisen parameters and acoustic coupling constants have been found out at room temperature. Finally, the ultrasonic attenuation due to phonon–phonon interaction and thermoelastic mechanisms has been investigated for the chosen hafnium metal. The obtained results have been discussed in correlation with available findings for similar types of hcp metals.

Fundamentally understanding the gas–liquid interaction in a nanoenvironment is important in nanofluidics-based systems. Here, a systematically experimental study of the gas diffusion in a liquid ph...

We have determined by means of optical-absorption experiments that Fe(IO3)3 is an indirect band-gap material with a band-gap energy of 2.1 eV. This makes this compound the iodate with the smallest band gap. We also found that under compression the band-gap energy has an unusual non-linear pressure dependence, which is followed by an abrupt and discontinuous decrease of the band gap at 24 GPa. The observed behavior is explained by means of density-functional calculations, which show that the behavior of the band gap is governed by the combined influence of Fe 4d and I 5p lone pair electrons. In addition, the abrupt decrease of the band-gap energy at 24 GPa is a consequence of a first-order structural phase transition. These conclusions are confirmed by resistivity measurements, which show that intrinsic carriers dominate the transport properties of Fe(IO3)3.

A comprehensive theoretical investigation on pressure-dependent physical properties of AMoO3 (A = Ca, Sr) perovskites is accomplished in this paper by employing density functional theory calculations. Lattice parameters under pressure have been calculated, and all have resemblance with the available experimental and theoretical data. The detailed mechanical properties are discussed here. There is a clear indication of the pressure effect on the band structure. Total density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi level comes from Mo-4d and O-2p states indicating the bonding between Mo and O. Charge density and bond overlap population reveal the ionic and covalent nature of Mo-O bonding respectively. The optical properties of AMoO3, also discussed for the first time, show some interesting results.

Simultaneous effects of hydrostatic pressure and the geometrical confinement on the excitonic and some nonlinear optical properties of an exciton confined in an InP/ZnS core/shell quantum dot are i...

ZnO-based catalysts have been widely used in industrial reactions involving syngas conversions. Hydrogen dynamics on the surface of the catalyst is an essential process for understanding the mechan...

The effect of pressure on positive and negative streamer propagation in a mineral transformer oil is studied in an 80 mm point-plane gap under step voltage. Increased pressure causes reduced stopping length for non-breakdown streamers, higher breakdown voltage, reduced background current, reduced branching in positive streamers and virtually no change in negative streamer shape. The velocities and acceleration voltages are close to being independent of pressure, indicating that the velocity controlling mechanisms take place in the liquid phase. Amplitude and frequency of small current pulses (probably small "reilluminations") during negative 1st mode is reduced with increasing pressure, but the effect on reilluminations during 2nd and 3rd mode is small in both polarities.

It is generally considered that ion rejection of a desalination membrane is independent of the operation pressure drops (ΔPs), which is typically not higher than 10 MPa. However, this may not be tr...

The system-specific quantum Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel (SS-QRRK) theory (J. Am. Chem. Soc.2016, 138, 2690) is suitable to determine rate constants below the high-pressure limit. Its current implementation allows incorporating variational effects, multidimensional tunneling, and multistructural torsional anharmonicity in rate constant calculations. Master equation solvers offer a more rigorous approach to compute pressure-dependent rate constants, but several implementations available in the literature do not incorporate the aforementioned effects. However, the SS-QRRK theory coupled with a formulation of the modified strong collision model underestimates the value of unimolecular pressure-dependent rate constants in the high-temperature regime for reactions involving large molecules. This underestimation is a consequence of the definition for collision efficiency, which is part of the energy transfer model. Selection of the energy transfer model and its parameters constitutes a common issue in pressure-dependent calculations. To overcome this underestimation problem, we evaluated and implemented in a bespoke Python code two alternative definitions for the collision efficiency using the SS-QRRK theory and tested their performance by comparing the pressure-dependent rate constants with the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus/Master Equation (RRKM/ME) results. The modeled systems were the tautomerization of propen-2-ol and the decomposition of 1-propyl, 1-butyl, and 1-pentyl radicals. One of the tested definitions, which Dean et al. explicitly derived (Z. Phys. Chem.2000, 214, 1533), corrected the underestimation of the pressure-dependent rate constants and, in addition, qualitatively reproduced the trend of RRKM/ME data. Therefore, the used SS-QRRK theory with accurate definitions for the collision efficiency can yield results that are in agreement with those from more sophisticated methodologies such as RRKM/ME.

In this study, we focused on the effect of pressure on the crystal structures of dioxides of group 14 elements,i.e.SiO2, GeO2, and CO2. Systematic searches for their crystal structures using the artificial force induced reaction method generated 219 and 147, 102 and 63, and 148 and 76 structures for SiO2, GeO2, and CO2, respectively, at 1 and 10(6)atm. At 1 atm, cristobalite-like, quartz, anatase-like, and stishovite were stable structures for SiO(2)and GeO2. At 10(6)atm, structures of stishovite and CaCl(2)type were relatively stable for SiO(2)and GeO2. At 1 atm of CO2, molecular crystals were the most stable, whereas, quartz-like and cristobalite-like structures were obtained as stable structures at 10(6)atm. We discuss these pressure dependent structural variations systematically using the obtained structural dataset.

This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of pressure-dependent models in the design of ship piping systems. For this purpose, a complex ship piping system is designed to operate in firefighting and bilge services through jet pumps. The system is solved as pressure-dependent model by the piping system analysis software EPANET and by a mathematical approach involving a piping network model. This results in a functional system that guarantees the recommendable ranges of hydraulic state variables (flow and pressure) and compliance with the rules of ship classification societies. Through this research, the suitability and viability of pressure-dependent models in the simulation of a ship piping system are proven.

Successful joint inversion of seismic and electromagnetic survey data to estimate parameters and improve the characterization of the earth’s subsurface relies on the understanding of the cross-property relations between the elastic and electrical properties. Pressure-dependent cross-property relationships of rocks with varying degrees of fluid saturation remain poorly understood even though such conditions are encountered frequently. We investigate this problem by designing and undertaking dedicated laboratory experiments to simultaneously measure the elastic velocity and electrical resistivity in two Berea sandstone samples subject to varying confining pressure and water saturation, using a state-of-the-art joint elastic-electrical measurement system. P- and S-wave velocities are found to increase exponentially with increasing confining pressure at each water saturation, whereas electrical conductivity can either increase or decrease with confining pressure depending on the degree of water saturation. More interestingly, the elastic and electrical properties of the two samples are shown to be systematically correlated as functions of water saturation and the applied confining pressure. The correlations reveal the natural link between the elastic and electrical properties in the two porous sandstones with partial water saturation, and they help to better indicate the fluid flow within compliant pores in addition to the known flow between stiff and compliant pores. The results will form the theoretical basis for the successful joint interpretation of seismic and electromagnetic survey data acquired from partially saturated porous rocks in the subsurface of the earth.

Disaster to water supply systems can occur due to failure of its raw water resource. Providing water supply in crisis period is a daunting task for water supply authorities. Flood or earthquake can damage a storage dam that supplies drinking water to a city. If one of the raw water resources, which supplies water to a city, is damaged in the disaster, the system must ensure that it receives water from the alternate raw water resource to maintain continuous water supply for the minimum life sustenance (say, 70 Liters Per Capita per Day, LPCD) by introducing an interlinking pipeline from the adjoining city’s water supply. In conventional water network solving, demand is fixed. It is presumed that the demand is always satisfied at the nodes and the nodal pressures and pipe flows are determined with respect to this known demand. All the traditional network solving algorithms are based on this assumption. When a major raw water resource supplying water to a city fails, pressure-deficient conditions are formed in the distribution system and alternative arrangement must be made to recover water supply. In such situation, the traditional methods are not enough to describe the behavior of pipe network. Therefore, pressure-dependent demand (PDD) analysis is an important tool used for analyzing the networks which are pressure deficient. This paper describes a small hypothetical model that simulates the disaster scenario due to failure of a water storage dam in an event of disaster such as flood. A PDD analysis of such situation has been carried out using WaterGEMS software. The paper also aims to prepare action plans of partial recovery of water supply in such crisis conditions.

espanolEstudiamos dos correlaciones de densidad desarrolladas para aguas de mar a altas presiones como modelos potenciales para predecir densidades de aguas de formacion de yacimientos petroleros en funcion de salinidad, presion, contenido de gas y temperatura. Las correlaciones fueron probadas contra densidades experimentales, medidas a altas presiones, para aguas vivas de formacion muestreadas en condiciones de fondo de pozo. Como resultado se encontro que una de estas correlaciones de agua de mar era particularmente prometedora para predecir las densidades de agua de formacion para estas muestras, incluso fuera del rango de presion originalmente reportado para dicho modelo EnglishWe studied two density correlations developed for seawater at high pressures as potential models to predict formation water densities from petroleum reservoirs as a function of salinity, pressure, gas content, and temperature. The correlations were tested against experimental densities measured at high pressures for live formation waters sampled under bottomhole conditions from five petroleum reservoirs. As a result, one of these seawater correlations was found to be particularly promising to predict formation water densities for these samples, even out of the pressure range originally reported for such a model

SUMMARY The intrinsic anisotropy of rock influences the paths of propagating seismic waves and indicates mineralogical texture and strains; and as such it is important that laboratory measurements of such properties be fully understood. Usually, when studying anisotropy, ultrasonic wave speeds are measured in a variety of strategic directions and, subsequently transformed to the dynamic elastic moduli using symmetry-appropriate formula. For transversely isotropic rocks the moduli are ideally found by measuring wave speeds in directions vertical, parallel and oblique to the foliation or bedding using finite-width ultrasonic transducers. An important, but ignored, complication is that at oblique angles the ultrasonic beam unavoidably deviates, or skews, away from the transmitter's normal axis making proper wave speed determinations difficult. The pressure dependence of the wave speeds further confounds finding a solution as skew angles, too, vary with confining pressure. We develop a new technique that incorporates dual ultrasonic receivers to account for and mitigate the effects of the pressure-dependent beam skew problem. Anisotropy measurements to 200 MPa hydrostatic confining pressure combined with recent beam modeling algorithms illustrate the errors obtained in the determined wave speeds that are subsequently magnified in calculating the full set of elastic stiffnesses. In materials with P-wave anisotropies near 30 per cent the error introduced by ignoring beam skew exceeds the transit time picking errors by more than a factor of three, these propagate to much larger errors in the stiffnesses particularly for C13 and the dynamic elastic moduli referred to C13. Meanwhile, shortening the sample or enlarging the transmitter size is not suggested to counter the beam skew issue because it reduces the beam skew effect but increases the diffraction effect.

International audience; This paper used the fusion of an active-set method (ASM) and an interior point method (IPM), with a Newton method, to solve for the steady-state flows, heads, and outflows of a pressure-dependent water distribution system. The outflow constraints which arise from the pressure dependency are handled by an ASM, and the linkflow constraints are handled by an IPM. The authors believe that this is the first time an ASM and an IPM have been used together in this way to solve a real-world optimization problem. Including flow constraints in a network model allows a variety of flow control devices (flow control valves, check valves, pumps) to be modeled efficiently. The new method does not require damping. The separate treatment methods for the two constraint sets mean that the linear inequality constraint qualification condition cannot be violated during iteration, unlike the case in which all the constraints are handled by an ASM. The method was shown to converge quickly on nine case study networks, the largest of which had more than 157,000 links, 150,000 nodes, and 6,000 linkflow constraints. When tested on those same nine networks, an interior point optimizer software package took about 2–4 times longer than the new method for five of the networks, 7 and 9 times as long for two of the networks, and about an equal amount of time for the remaining two networks. For the largest network, the software package took 34 min, whereas the method presented here took 4 min. The generality of the method makes it applicable to network design and management, capacity analysis, and self-cleaning networks.

Rockfills are typically characterized by high shear strength and are extensively used in the construction of water retaining embankments. In practice, however, due to variations in the processes of quarrying and compacting of rock aggregates, the shear strength of rockfills varies. In this study, large-scale triaxial compression tests for a blasting-quarried granite rockfill material were implemented to investigate the pressure-dependent variability in the friction angle of rockfills. The rise in confining pressure suppresses the dilatancy of the samples and consequently depresses the angles of dilatancy ψp at peak shear strength for the samples. Also, the mean value and variance of the peak friction angle φp is expected to decrease with increasing confining pressure in terms of the strength-dilatancy equation and the derived relationship between the variances of φp and ψp. The analysis of the test data for the rockfill samples illustrates the dependencies between the mean value and variance of φp and the confining pressure. Since confining pressure varies spatially within a rockfill dam, a slope reliability analysis must consider the pressure-dependent variability of φp. The fitting equations for the pressure-dependent mean value and variance of φp presented in this paper can be applied to the preliminary evaluation of the slope reliability of rockfill dams constructed from materials similar to the tested materials.

In this study, the influence of pressure during processing on the refractive index (RI) of polycarbonate (PC) was investigated by transmission measurements on glass‐filled samples with a spectrometer. In order to isolate the pressure dependence of the RI from other influencing parameters such as cooling rate, orientation and stress states, the samples were prepared in a pressure‐specific volume‐Temperature (pvT) instrument under constant cooling rate and temperature history and without shear effects. Subsequently, the RI was determined at the intersection of the dispersion curves of the glass and the polymer by evaluating the wavelength of the maximal transmission of the samples. The mean RI over the entire cross section of the sample is determined by the transmission measurements without complex sample preparation. The investigations show that the RI of PC increases by 3.26 E‐6 per bar with increasing pressure. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:512–516, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. Polymer Engineering & Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Plastics Engineers.

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) was studied in a series of tungsten hydride complexes with pendant pyridyl arms ([(PyCH2Cp)WH(CO)3], PyCH2Cp = pyridylmethylcyclopentadienyl), triggered by l...

We apply the cooperative free volume (CFV) rate model for pressure-dependent dynamics of glass-forming liquids and polymer melts, focusing on two new applications of the model, to natural rubber and to polyurea. In CFV, segmental relaxation times, τ, are analyzed as a function of temperature (T) and free volume (Vfree), where the latter provides an insightful route to expressing dynamics relative to using the system's overall total volume (V). Vfree is defined as the difference between the total volume and the volume at close packing and is predicted independently of the dynamics for any temperature and pressure using the locally correlated lattice equation-of-state analysis of characteristic thermodynamic data. The new results for natural rubber and polyurea are discussed in the context of results on a set of polymeric and small-molecule glass formers that had previously been modeled with CFV. We also discuss the results in the context of recent connections that we have made with the density-scaling approach.

Reaction of methyl peroxy radicals with hydroxyl radicals (1) was studied using pulsed laser photolysis coupled to transient UV-vis absorption spectroscopy at 296 K over the 1-100 bar pressure range (bath gas He): CH3O2 + OH → CH3O + HO2 (1a), CH3O2 + OH → CH2OO + H2O (1b), and CH3O2 + OH → CH3OOOH (TRIOX) (1d). Channel 1a is the dominant channel under ambient conditions, while the contribution of channel 1b is less than 5% at 1 bar and 296 K. Channel 1c is strongly pressure-dependent and becomes dominant at high pressures. The measured branching ratio of channel 1c is α1c = 0.87 ± 0.20 at 100 bar and 296 K. The chain termination channel 1c forming important product TRIOX is experimentally evaluated over an extended pressure range (1-100 bar) for the first time. The stabilization channel 1c might play a role at ambient pressures and low temperatures as well as high pressures at ambient and elevated temperatures.

Polymorph α of resorcinol, at ambient pressure stable to 365 K when it transforms to polymorph β, is exceptionally resistant to high pressure. The crystals of polymorph α can be compressed to over ...

The room-temperature structural properties of the RMn2O5 multiferroics have been investigated under pressure, using powder X-ray scattering and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was possible to determine the lattice parameters and the main atomic positions as a function of pressure. Good agreement was observed between the X-ray and DFT results for most of the determined crystallographic data. From the DFT calculations, it was possible to infer the pressure evolution of the exchange interactions, and this analysis led to the conclusion that the onset of the q = (½, 0, ½) magnetic structure under pressure is related to the increase in the J 1 super-exchange terms (due to the reduction in the Mn—O distances) compared with the Mn—R exchange interactions. In addition, the 1D antiferromagnetic character of the compounds should be reinforced under pressure.

Experimental data from creep tests on polycrystalline ice samples highlight not only the non-Newtonian behavior of ice but also suggest a critical dependence of the various rheological parameters upon the applied hydrostatic pressure. We propose a new modeling framework, based on implicit theories of continuum mechanics, that generalizes two well-known constitutive models by taking into account the effect of the pressure in the description of ice in creep. To ascertain the validity of the proposed models, we fit the physical parameters with experimental data for the elongational flow of ice samples. The results show good agreement with the experimental creep curves. In particular, the proposed generalized models reproduce the increase of the creep rate due to the presence of hydrostatic pressure.

The intramolecular H-shift reactions of hydroperoxy-alkenyl-peroxy radicals are one of the key reaction classes in low-temperature combustion for alkenes. Depending on the types of carbons from whi...

The ductile fracture has been observed in large as well as small scales. Three chosen Lode and pressure dependent phenomenological ductile fracture criteria with cut-offs were calibrated for aluminium alloy EN AW 2024-T351 using an enhanced hybrid experimental–numerical technique. It consisted of calibrating all the material constants of fracture criteria altogether. This enabled ready determination of the cut-off related constant for one of those criteria. Moreover, a non-quadratic Lode dependent plasticity model was coupled with the ductile failure criteria to form the damage plasticity approach in the numerical analysis. The fracture criteria were calibrated using the standard – large – sized specimens including a non-standard upsetting test. The specimens used for the calibration of failure criteria are usually ten times larger than that of a specimen for the small punch test. The transferability of calibrated parameters was tested and fair predictability was observed for all numerical models when applied to small scales.