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249 results on '"Preston, T. R."'

1. Dielectronic satellite emission from a solid-density Mg plasma: relationship to models of ionisation potential depression

Author

Pérez-Callejo, G., Gawne, T., Preston, T. R., Hollebon, P., Humphries, O. S., Chung, H. -K., Dakovski, G. L., Krzywinski, J., Minitti, M. P., Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Hájková, V., Juha, L., Vozda, V., Zastrau, U., Vinko, S. M., Rose, S. J., and Wark, J. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We report on experiments where solid-density Mg plasmas are created by heating with the focused output of the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray free-electron-laser. We study the K-shell emission from the Helium and Lithium-like ions using Bragg crystal spectroscopy. Observation of the dielectronic satellites in Lithium-like ions confirms that the M-shell electrons appear bound for these high charge states. An analysis of the intensity of these satellites indicates that when modelled with an atomic-kinetics code, the ionisation potential depression model employed needs to produce depressions for these ions which lie between those predicted by the well known Stewart-Pyatt and Ecker-Kroll models. These results are largely consistent with recent Density Functional Theory calculations.

Published
2023
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2. Time-resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm-Dense Aluminium

Author

Vinko, S. M., Vozda, V., Andreasson, J., Bajt, S., Bielecki, J., Burian, T., Chalupsky, J., Ciricosta, O., Desjarlais, M. P., Fleckenstein, H., Hajdu, J., Hajkova, V., Hollebon, P., Juha, L., Kasim, M. F., McBride, E. E., Muehlig, K., Preston, T. R., Rackstraw, D. S., Roling, S., Toleikis, S., Wark, J. S., and Zacharias, H.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

The free-free opacity in plasmas is fundamental to our understanding of energy transport in stellar interiors and for inertial confinement fusion research. However, theoretical predictions in the challenging dense plasma regime are conflicting and there is a dearth of accurate experimental data to allow for direct model validation. Here we present time-resolved transmission measurements in solid-density Al heated by an XUV free-electron laser. We use a novel functional optimization approach to extract the temperature-dependent absorption coefficient directly from an oversampled pool of single-shot measurements, and find a pronounced enhancement of the opacity as the plasma is heated to temperatures of order the Fermi energy. Plasma heating and opacity-enhancement is observed on ultrafast time scales, within the duration of the femtosecond XUV pulse. We attribute further rises in the opacity on ps timescales to melt and the formation of warm-dense matter.

Published
2020
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3. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn

Author

Gorman, M. G., primary, McGonegle, D., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Singh, S., additional, Jenkins, T., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, Albertazzi, B., additional, Ali, S. J., additional, Antonelli, L., additional, Armstrong, M. R., additional, Baehtz, C., additional, Ball, O. B., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, Belonoshko, A. B., additional, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., additional, Bolme, C. A., additional, Bouffetier, V., additional, Briggs, R., additional, Buakor, K., additional, Butcher, T., additional, Di Dio Cafiso, S., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chantel, J., additional, Di Cicco, A., additional, Clarke, S., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, Collier, J., additional, Collins, G. W., additional, Comley, A. J., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Cowan, T. E., additional, Cristoforetti, G., additional, Cynn, H., additional, Descamps, A., additional, Dorchies, F., additional, Duff, M. J., additional, Dwivedi, A., additional, Edwards, C., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Errandonea, D., additional, Fiquet, G., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Laso Garcia, A., additional, Ginestet, H., additional, Gizzi, L., additional, Gleason, A., additional, Goede, S., additional, Gonzalez, J. M., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Heighway, P. G., additional, Hernandez-Gomez, C., additional, Higginbotham, A., additional, Höppner, H., additional, Husband, R. J., additional, Hutchinson, T. M., additional, Hwang, H., additional, Lazicki, A. E., additional, Keen, D. A., additional, Kim, J., additional, Koester, P., additional, Konopkova, Z., additional, Kraus, D., additional, Krygier, A., additional, Labate, L., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Liermann, H.-P., additional, Mason, P., additional, Masruri, M., additional, Massani, B., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McGuire, C., additional, McHardy, J. D., additional, Merkel, S., additional, Morard, G., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Nakatsutsumi, M., additional, Nguyen-Cong, K., additional, Norton, A.-M., additional, Oleynik, I. I., additional, Otzen, C., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pandolfi, S., additional, Peake, D. J., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Pereira, K. A., additional, Phillips, J. P., additional, Prescher, C., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Randolph, L., additional, Ranjan, D., additional, Ravasio, A., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Rips, J., additional, Santamaria-Perez, D., additional, Savage, D. J., additional, Schoelmerich, M., additional, Schwinkendorf, J.-P., additional, Smith, J., additional, Sollier, A., additional, Spear, J., additional, Spindloe, C., additional, Stevenson, M., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Suer, T.-A., additional, Tang, M., additional, Toncian, M., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Tracy, S. J., additional, Trapananti, A., additional, Tschentscher, T., additional, Tyldesley, M., additional, Vennari, C. E., additional, Vinci, T., additional, Vogel, S. C., additional, Volz, T. J., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Walsh, J. P. S., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Willman, J. T., additional, Wollenweber, L., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Appel, K., additional, and McMahon, M. I., additional

Published
2024
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4. Dielectronic satellite emission from a solid-density Mg plasma: Relationship to models of ionization potential depression

Author

Pérez-Callejo, G., primary, Gawne, T., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Hollebon, P., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Chung, H.-K., additional, Dakovski, G. L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Minitti, M. P., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Juha, L., additional, Vozda, V., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Vinko, S. M., additional, Rose, S. J., additional, and Wark, J. S., additional

Published
2024
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5. Operational experience with Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detectors at European XFEL

Author

Sztuk-Dambietz, J., Rovensky, V., Klujev, A., Laurus, T., Trunk, U., Ahmed, K., Meyer, O., Möller, J., Parenti, A., Raab, N., Shayduk, R., Sikorski, M., Ansaldi, G., Bösenberg, U., Luis, L. M., Muenich, A., Preston, T. R., Schmidt, P., Stern, S., Bean, R., Madsen, A., Gelisio, L., Hauf, S., Gessler, P., Wrona, K., Graafsma, Heinz, Turcato, M., Sztuk-Dambietz, J., Rovensky, V., Klujev, A., Laurus, T., Trunk, U., Ahmed, K., Meyer, O., Möller, J., Parenti, A., Raab, N., Shayduk, R., Sikorski, M., Ansaldi, G., Bösenberg, U., Luis, L. M., Muenich, A., Preston, T. R., Schmidt, P., Stern, S., Bean, R., Madsen, A., Gelisio, L., Hauf, S., Gessler, P., Wrona, K., Graafsma, Heinz, and Turcato, M.

Abstract

The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL) is a cutting-edge user facility that generates per second up to 27,000 ultra-short, spatially coherent X-ray pulses within an energy range of 0.26 to more than 20 keV. Specialized instrumentation, including various 2D X-ray detectors capable of handling the unique time structure of the beam, is required. The one-megapixel AGIPD (AGIPD1M) detectors, developed for the European XFEL by the AGIPD Consortium, are the primary detectors used for user experiments at the SPB/SFX and MID instruments. The first AGIPD1M detector was installed at SPB/SFX when the facility began operation in 2017, and the second one was installed at MID in November 2018. The AGIPD detector systems require a dedicated infrastructure, well-defined safety systems, and high-level control procedures to ensure stable and safe operation. As of now, the AGIPD1M detectors installed at the SPB/SFX and MID experimental end stations are fully integrated into the European XFEL environment, including mechanical integration, vacuum, power, control, data acquisition, and data processing systems. Specific high-level procedures allow facilitated detector control, and dedicated interlock systems based on Programmable Logic Controllers ensure detector safety in case of power, vacuum, or cooling failure. The first 6 years of operation have clearly demonstrated that the AGIPD1M detectors provide high-quality scientific results. The collected data, along with additional dedicated studies, have also enabled the identification and quantification of issues related to detector performance, ensuring stable operation. Characterization and calibration of detectors are among the most critical and challenging aspects of operation due to their complex nature. A methodology has been developed to enable detector characterization and data correction, both in near real-time (online) and offline mode. The calibration process optimizes detector performance and ensures the highest

Published
2024
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6. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn

Author

Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., McMahon, M. I., Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., and McMahon, M. I.

Abstract

X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources coupled to high-power laser systems offer an avenue to study the structural dynamics of materials at extreme pressures and temperatures. The recent commissioning of the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density (HED) instrument at the European XFEL represents the state-of-the-art in combining x-ray diffraction with laser compression, allowing for compressed materials to be probed in unprecedented detail. Here, we report quantitative structural measurements of molten Sn compressed to 85(5) GPa and ∼ 3500 K. The capabilities of the HED instrument enable liquid density measurements with an uncertainty of ∼ 1 % at conditions which are extremely challenging to reach via static compression methods. We discuss best practices for conducting liquid diffraction dynamic compression experiments and the necessary intensity corrections which allow for accurate quantitative analysis. We also provide a polyimide ablation pressure vs input laser energy for the DiPOLE 100-X drive laser which will serve future users of the HED instrument.

Published
2024

7. Visualizing plasmons and ultrafast kinetic instabilities in laser-driven solids using X-ray scattering

Author

(0009-0007-5067-7326) Ordyna, P., Bähtz, C., (0009-0004-2404-9412) Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Göde, S., Grenzer, J., (0000-0002-0051-8542) Gutt, C., Höppner, H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0009-0005-6873-8292) Edward Marré, B., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., (0000-0002-9933-3248) Miethlinger, T., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., (0009-0001-3308-5376) Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0001-9587-404X) Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Šmíd, M., (0000-0001-5007-1868) Starke, S., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Štefaníková, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., (0009-0007-5067-7326) Ordyna, P., Bähtz, C., (0009-0004-2404-9412) Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-8258-3881) Bussmann, M., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., (0000-0001-6994-2475) Garten, M., (0000-0002-6914-4083) Gaus, L., Göde, S., Grenzer, J., (0000-0002-0051-8542) Gutt, C., Höppner, H., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., Hübner, U., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0009-0005-6873-8292) Edward Marré, B., (0000-0002-9556-0662) Metzkes-Ng, J., (0000-0002-9933-3248) Miethlinger, T., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., Öztürk, Ö., (0000-0002-3882-510X) Pan, X., (0009-0001-0047-1051) Paschke-Brühl, F.-L., (0009-0001-3308-5376) Pelka, A., (0000-0003-0931-1350) Prencipe, I., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0001-9587-404X) Randolph, L., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Šmíd, M., (0000-0001-5007-1868) Starke, S., (0000-0002-4195-2038) Štefaníková, R., Thiessenhusen, E., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0003-3926-409X) Zeil, K., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., and (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T.

Abstract

Ultra-intense lasers that ionize atoms and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration. These instabilities can be difficult to characterize, but X-ray scattering at keV photon energies allows for their visualization with femtosecond temporal resolution on the few nanometer mesoscale. Here, we perform such experiment on laser-driven flat silicon membranes that shows the development of structure with a dominant scale of 60 nm in the plane of the laser axis and laser polarization, and 95 nm in the vertical direction with a growth rate faster than 0.1 fs−1 . Combining the XFEL experiments with simulations provides a complete picture of the structural evolution of ultra-fast laser-induced plasma density development, indicating the excita- tion of plasmons and a filamentation instability. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm that these signals are due to an oblique two-stream filamentation instability. These findings provide new insight into ultra-fast instability and heating processes in solids under extreme conditions at the nanometer level with possible implications for laser particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, and laboratory astrophysics.

Published
2024

8. Ultrahigh Resolution X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Electronic Structures

Author

(0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., Humphries, O. S., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bouffetier, V., Brambrink, E., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., Göde, S., Konôpková, Z., Makita, M., Mishchenko, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Randolph, L., (0000-0002-4561-0158) Schwalbe, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., Preston, T. R., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., Humphries, O. S., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bouffetier, V., Brambrink, E., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., Göde, S., Konôpková, Z., Makita, M., Mishchenko, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Randolph, L., (0000-0002-4561-0158) Schwalbe, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., and Preston, T. R.

Abstract

Using a novel ultrahigh resolution (\Delta E ~ 0.1eV) setup to measure electronic features in x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) experiments at the European XFEL in Germany, we have studied the collective plasmon excitation in aluminium at ambient conditions, which we can measure very accurately even at low momentum transfers. As a result, we can resolve previously reported discrepancies between ab initio time-dependent density functional theory simulations and experimental observations. The demonstrated capability for high-resolution XRTS measurements will be a game changer for the diagnosis of experiments with matter under extreme densities, temperatures, and pressures, and unlock the full potential of state-of-the-art x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities to study planetary interior conditions, to understand inertial confinement fusion applications, and for material science and discovery.

Published
2024

9. X-ray Thomson scattering absolute intensity from the f-sum rule in the imaginary-time domain

Author

(0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., Döppner, T., Baczewski, A. D., Tolias, P., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., Chapman, D. A., Macdonald, M. J., Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., Döppner, T., Baczewski, A. D., Tolias, P., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., Chapman, D. A., Macdonald, M. J., Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., and (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J.

Abstract

We evaluate the f-sum rule on the dynamic structure factor in the imaginary-time domain as a formally exact and simulation-free means of normalizing X-Ray Thomson Scattering (XRTS) spectra. This circumvents error-prone real-time deconvolution of the source function and facilitates calculating the static structure factor from the properly normalized imaginary-time correlation function. We apply our technique to two distinct sets of experimental data, finding that it is effective for both narrow and broad x-ray sources. This approach could be readily adapted to other scattering spectroscopies.

Published
2024

10. Revealing Non-equilibrium and Relaxation in Laser Heated Matter

Author

(0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Preston, T. R., Medvedev, N., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Preston, T. R., Medvedev, N., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., and (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T.

Abstract

Experiments creating extreme states of matter almost invariably create non-equilibrium states. These are very interesting in their own right but need to be understood even if the ultimate goal is to probe high pressure or high temperature equilibrium properties like the equation of state. Here, we report on the capabilities of the newly developed imaginary time correlation function (ITCF) technique [1] to detect and quantify non-equilibrium in pump-probe experiments fielding time resolved x-ray scattering diagnostics. We find a high sensitivity of the ITCF even to a small fraction of non-equilibrium electrons in the Wigner distribution. The behavior of the ITCF technique is such that modern lasers and detectors should be able to trace the non-equilibrium relaxation from tens of femto-seconds to several 10s of picoseconds without the need for a model.

Published
2024

11. An approach for the measurement of the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond using an X-ray free electron laser

Author

Descamps, A., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Appel, K., Cerantola, V., Comley, A., Eggert, J. H., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Humphries, O., Karnbach, O., Lazicki, A., Loetzsch, R., McGonegle, D., Palmer, C. A. J., Plueckthun, C., Preston, T. R., Redmer, R., Senesky, D. G., Strohm, C., Uschmann, I., White, T. G., Wollenweber, L., Monaco, G., Wark, J. S., Hastings, J. B., Zastrau, U., Gregori, G., Glenzer, S. H., and McBride, E. E.

Published
2020
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12. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C–H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author

Ranjan, D., primary, Ramakrishna, K., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Heuser, B., additional, Stevenson, M. G., additional, Lütgert, J., additional, He, Z., additional, Qu, C., additional, Schumacher, S., additional, May, P. T., additional, Amouretti, A., additional, Appel, K., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chekrygina, D., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Göde, S., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Hau-Riege, S. P., additional, Makita, M., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Šmíd, M., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Zhang, M., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2023
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13. Data publication: Revealing Non-equilibrium and Relaxation in Warm Dense Matter

Author

(0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Preston, T. R., Medvedev, N., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Preston, T. R., Medvedev, N., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., and (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T.

Abstract

All data as needed to generate the figures in the manuscript.

Published
2023

14. Electronic Density Response of Warm Dense Matter

Author

(0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Tolias, P., Baczewski, A. D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Preston, T. R., Chapman, D. A., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., Döppner, T., Graziani, F., Bonitz, M., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Tolias, P., Baczewski, A. D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Preston, T. R., Chapman, D. A., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., Döppner, T., Graziani, F., Bonitz, M., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., and (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J.

Abstract

Matter at extreme temperatures and pressures -- commonly known as warm dense matter (WDM) in the literature -- is ubiquitous throughout our Universe and occurs in a number of astrophysical objects such as giant planet interiors and brown dwarfs. Moreover, WDM is very important for technological applications such as inertial confinement fusion, and is realized in the laboratory using different techniques. A particularly important property for the understanding of WDM is given by its electronic density response to an external perturbation. Such response properties are routinely probed in x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) experiments, and, in addition, are central for the theoretical description of WDM. In this work, we give an overview of a number of recent developments in this field. To this end, we summarize the relevant theoretical background, covering the regime of linear-response theory as well as nonlinear effects, the fully dynamic response and its static, time-independent limit, and the connection between density response properties and imaginary-time correlation functions (ITCF). In addition, we introduce the most important numerical simulation techniques including ab initio path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations and different thermal density functional theory (DFT) approaches. From a practical perspective, we present a variety of simulation results for different density response properties, covering the archetypal model of the uniform electron gas and realistic WDM systems such as hydrogen. Moreover, we show how the concept of ITCFs can be used to infer the temperature from XRTS measurements of arbitrarily complex systems without the need for any models or approximations. Finally, we outline a strategy for future developments based on the close interplay between simulations and experiments.

Published
2023

15. Imaginary-time correlation function thermometry: A new, high-accuracy and model-free temperature analysis technique for x-ray Thomson scattering data

Author

(0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., Chapman, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., Schlünzen, N., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., Döppner, T., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., (0000-0003-0290-3628) Böhme, M., Chapman, D., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., Schlünzen, N., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., Döppner, T., and (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J.

Abstract

The accurate interpretation of experiments with matter at extreme densities and pressures is a notoriously difficult challenge. In a recent work [T.~Dornheim et al., Nature Comm. (in print), arXiv:2206.12805], we have introduced a formally exact methodology that allows extracting the temperature of arbitrarily complex materials without any model assumptions or simulations. Here, we provide a more detailed introduction to this approach and analyze the impact of experimental noise on the extracted temperatures. In particular, we extensively apply our method both to synthetic scattering data and to previous experimental measurements over a broad range of temperatures and wave numbers. We expect that our approach will be of high interest to a gamut of applications, including inertial confinement fusion, laboratory astrophysics, and the compilation of highly accurate equation-of-state databases.

Published
2023

16. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C–H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author

(0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., (0009-0006-9039-5756) Stevenson, M. G., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5416-456X) He, Z., (0000-0002-4890-7440) Qu, C., (0000-0002-1846-0000) Schumacher, S., (0009-0003-4989-8704) May, P. T., Amouretti, A., (0000-0002-2902-2102) Appel, K., Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-2808-2963) Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-7337-2337) Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-7120-7194) Fletcher, L. B., Göde, S., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-7331-6485) Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., (0009-0006-9039-5756) Stevenson, M. G., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5416-456X) He, Z., (0000-0002-4890-7440) Qu, C., (0000-0002-1846-0000) Schumacher, S., (0009-0003-4989-8704) May, P. T., Amouretti, A., (0000-0002-2902-2102) Appel, K., Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-2808-2963) Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-7337-2337) Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-7120-7194) Fletcher, L. B., Göde, S., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-7331-6485) Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

The insulator–metal transition in liquid hydrogen is an important phenomenon to understand the interiors of gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of materials at high pressures and temperatures. Here, the path toward an experimental approach is detailed based on spectrally resolved x-ray scattering, tailored to observe and characterize hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons in the regime of carbon–hydrogen phase separation. With the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples collected at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL), we demonstrate sufficient data quality for observing C–H demixing and investigating the presence of liquid metallic hydrogen in future experiments using the reprated drive laser systems at EuXFEL.

Published
2023

17. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C-H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author

Ranjan, D, Ramakrishna, K, Voigt, K, Humphries, O, Heuser, B, Stevenson, M, Lütgert, J, He, Z, Qu, C, Schumacher, S, May, P, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Fletcher, L, Göde, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Zhang, M, Preston, T, Zastrau, U, Vorberger, J, Kraus, D, Ranjan D., Ramakrishna K., Voigt K., Humphries O. S., Heuser B., Stevenson M. G., Lütgert J., He Z., Qu C., Schumacher S., May P. T., Amouretti A., Appel K., Brambrink E., Cerantola V., Chekrygina D., Fletcher L. B., Göde S., Harmand M., Hartley N. J., Hau-Riege S. P., Makita M., Pelka A., Schuster A. K., Šmíd M., Toncian T., Zhang M., Preston T. R., Zastrau U., Vorberger J., Kraus D., Ranjan, D, Ramakrishna, K, Voigt, K, Humphries, O, Heuser, B, Stevenson, M, Lütgert, J, He, Z, Qu, C, Schumacher, S, May, P, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Fletcher, L, Göde, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Zhang, M, Preston, T, Zastrau, U, Vorberger, J, Kraus, D, Ranjan D., Ramakrishna K., Voigt K., Humphries O. S., Heuser B., Stevenson M. G., Lütgert J., He Z., Qu C., Schumacher S., May P. T., Amouretti A., Appel K., Brambrink E., Cerantola V., Chekrygina D., Fletcher L. B., Göde S., Harmand M., Hartley N. J., Hau-Riege S. P., Makita M., Pelka A., Schuster A. K., Šmíd M., Toncian T., Zhang M., Preston T. R., Zastrau U., Vorberger J., and Kraus D.

Abstract

The insulator-metal transition in liquid hydrogen is an important phenomenon to understand the interiors of gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of materials at high pressures and temperatures. Here, the path toward an experimental approach is detailed based on spectrally resolved x-ray scattering, tailored to observe and characterize hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons in the regime of carbon-hydrogen phase separation. With the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples collected at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL), we demonstrate sufficient data quality for observing C-H demixing and investigating the presence of liquid metallic hydrogen in future experiments using the reprated drive laser systems at EuXFEL.

Published
2023

18. Imaging x-ray spectrometer at the high energy density instrument of the European x-ray free electron laser

Author

Pan, X, Smid, M, Stefanikova, R, Donat, F, Baehtz, C, Burian, T, Cerantola, V, Gaus, L, Humphries, O, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Krupka, M, Kozlova, M, Konopkova, Z, Preston, T, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Falk, K, Pan X., Smid M., Stefanikova R., Donat F., Baehtz C., Burian T., Cerantola V., Gaus L., Humphries O. S., Hajkova V., Juha L., Krupka M., Kozlova M., Konopkova Z., Preston T. R., Wollenweber L., Zastrau U., Falk K., Pan, X, Smid, M, Stefanikova, R, Donat, F, Baehtz, C, Burian, T, Cerantola, V, Gaus, L, Humphries, O, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Krupka, M, Kozlova, M, Konopkova, Z, Preston, T, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Falk, K, Pan X., Smid M., Stefanikova R., Donat F., Baehtz C., Burian T., Cerantola V., Gaus L., Humphries O. S., Hajkova V., Juha L., Krupka M., Kozlova M., Konopkova Z., Preston T. R., Wollenweber L., Zastrau U., and Falk K.

Abstract

A multipurpose imaging x-ray crystal spectrometer is developed for the high energy density instrument of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser. The spectrometer is designed to measure x rays in the energy range of 4-10 keV, providing high-resolution, spatially resolved spectral measurements. A toroidally bent germanium (Ge) crystal is used, allowing x-ray diffraction from the crystal to image along a one-dimensional spatial profile while spectrally resolving along the other. A detailed geometrical analysis is performed to determine the curvature of the crystal. The theoretical performance of the spectrometer in various configurations is calculated by ray-tracing simulations. The key properties of the spectrometer, including the spectral and spatial resolution, are demonstrated experimentally on different platforms. Experimental results prove that this Ge spectrometer is a powerful tool for spatially resolved measurements of x-ray emission, scattering, or absorption spectra in high energy density physics.

Published
2023

19. Imaging x-ray spectrometer at the high energy density instrument of the European x-ray free electron laser

Author

Pan, X., primary, Šmíd, M., additional, Štefaníková, R., additional, Donat, F., additional, Baehtz, C., additional, Burian, T., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Gaus, L., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Hajkova, V., additional, Juha, L., additional, Krupka, M., additional, Kozlová, M., additional, Konopkova, Z., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Wollenweber, L., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, and Falk, K., additional

Published
2023
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21. In situ x-ray diffraction study of dynamically compressed α -cristobalite using a dynamic diamond anvil cell

Author

Schoelmerich, Markus, Mendez, A. S. J., Plueckthun, C., Biedermann, N., Husband, R., Preston, T. R., Wollenweber, L., Klimm, K., Tschentscher, Thomas, Redmer, R., Liermann, H. P., and Appel, K.

Subjects
ddc:530
Abstract

Physical review / B 105(6), 064109 (2022). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.105.064109, In this study we present results of the dynamic compression of $��$-cristobalite up to a pressure of 106 GPa with the use of the dynamic diamond anvil cell. X-ray diffraction images were recorded at different ramp compression and decompression rates to investigate in situ the high-pressure phase transitions of ��-cristobalite. Our results suggest that the pressure onset of the phase transformation of $��$-cristobalite to cristobalite II, cristobalite X-I, and ultimately to seifertite ($��$���PbO$_2$ type SiO$_2$) is dependent on the applied compression rates and stress conditions of the experiment. Increasing compression rates in general shift the studied phase transitions to higher pressures. Furthermore, our results indicate for single crystals under hydrostatic conditions a suppression of a phase transition from cristobalite X-I to seifertite at pressures of up to 82 GPa.

Published
2022
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22. Demonstration of an x-ray Raman spectroscopy setup to study warm dense carbon at the high energy density instrument of European XFEL

Author

Voigt, K., primary, Zhang, M., additional, Ramakrishna, K., additional, Amouretti, A., additional, Appel, K., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chekrygina, D., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Falk, K., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Göde, S., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Hau-Riege, S. P., additional, Huang, L. G., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Lokamani, M., additional, Makita, M., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Prescher, C., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Šmíd, M., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, and Kraus, D., additional

Published
2021
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23. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL

Author

Zastrau, U., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bähr, O., Batchelor, L., Berghäuser, A., Banjafar, M., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Damker, H., Dittrich, S., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Engel, H.-O., Feldmann, T., Findeisen, S., Foese, M., Fulla-Marsa, D., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., Hauser, J., (0000-0001-6706-4541) Herrmannsdörfer, T., Höppner, H., Kaa, J., Kaever, P., Knöfel, K., Konopkova, Z., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Liermann, H.-P., Mainberger, J., Makita, M., Martens, E.-C., McBride, E. E., Möller, D., Nakatsutsumi, M., Pelka, A., Plueckthun, C., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Röper, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, W., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., Schoelmerich, M. O., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Schropp, A., Strohm, C., Sukharnikov, K., Talkovski, P., Thorpe, I., Toncian, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Wollenweber, L., (0000-0001-5819-2867) Yamamoto, S., Tschentscher, T., Zastrau, U., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bähr, O., Batchelor, L., Berghäuser, A., Banjafar, M., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., Damker, H., Dittrich, S., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Engel, H.-O., Feldmann, T., Findeisen, S., Foese, M., Fulla-Marsa, D., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., Hauser, J., (0000-0001-6706-4541) Herrmannsdörfer, T., Höppner, H., Kaa, J., Kaever, P., Knöfel, K., Konopkova, Z., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Liermann, H.-P., Mainberger, J., Makita, M., Martens, E.-C., McBride, E. E., Möller, D., Nakatsutsumi, M., Pelka, A., Plueckthun, C., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Röper, M., Schmidt, A., Seidel, W., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., Schoelmerich, M. O., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., Schropp, A., Strohm, C., Sukharnikov, K., Talkovski, P., Thorpe, I., Toncian, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Wollenweber, L., (0000-0001-5819-2867) Yamamoto, S., and Tschentscher, T.

Abstract

The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012 photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5 MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25 keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.

Published
2021

24. Demonstration of an X-ray Raman Spectroscopy setup to study warm dense carbon at the High Energy Density Instrument of European XFEL

Author

(0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Amouretti, A., Appel, K., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., Chekrygina, D., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-8679-5905) Lokamani, M., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Prescher, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Zastrau, U., Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Amouretti, A., Appel, K., Brambrink, E., Cerantola, V., Chekrygina, D., Döppner, T., Falcone, R. W., (0000-0001-5975-776X) Falk, K., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1184-2097) Huang, L., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-8679-5905) Lokamani, M., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Prescher, C., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Zastrau, U., Preston, T. R., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.

Abstract

We present a proof-of-principle study demonstrating X-ray Raman Spectroscopy (XRS) from carbon samples at ambient conditions in conjunction with other common diagnostics to study warm dense matter, performed at the High Energy Density scientific instrument of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). We obtain sufficient spectral resolution to identify the local structure and chemical bonding of diamond and graphite samples, using highly annealed pyrolytic graphite spectrometers. Due to the high crystal reflectivity and XFEL brightness, we obtain signal strengths that will enable accurate XRS measurements in upcoming pump-probe experiments with high repetition-rate, where the samples will be pumped with high-power lasers. Molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory together with XRS simulations demonstrate the potential of this technique and show predictions for high-energy-density conditions. Our setup allows simultaneous implementation of several di erent diagnostic methods to reduce ambiguities in the analysis of the experimental results, which, for warm dense matter, often relies on simplifying model assumptions. The promising capabilities demonstrated here provide unprecedented insights into chemical and structural dynamics in warm dense matter states of light elements, including conditions similar to the interiors of planets, low-mass stars and other celestial bodies.

Published
2021

25. ReLaX: the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields high-intensity short-pulse laser driver for relativistic laser–matter interaction and strong-field science using the high energy density instrument at the European X-ray free electron laser facility

Author

(0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., Bähtz, C., Brambrink, E., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Liu, J., Makita, M., Möller, D., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., Priebe, G., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Talposi, A.-M., Toncian, M., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., (0000-0002-7671-0901) Laso García, A., Höppner, H., Pelka, A., Bähtz, C., Brambrink, E., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Dreyer, J., Göde, S., Hassan, M. K. Y., (0000-0003-4861-5584) Kluge, T., Liu, J., Makita, M., Möller, D., (0000-0003-0868-4745) Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., Priebe, G., (0000-0003-4400-1315) Schlenvoigt, H.-P., Schwinkendorf, J.-P., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., Talposi, A.-M., Toncian, M., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0003-0390-7671) Schramm, U., (0000-0002-5845-000X) Cowan, T., and (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T.

Abstract

High-energy and high-intensity lasers are essential for pushing the boundaries of science. Their development has allowed leaps forward in basic research areas, including laser–plasma interaction, high-energy density science, metrology, biology and medical technology. The Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields user consortium contributes and operates two high-peak-power optical lasers using the high energy density instrument at the European X-ray free electron laser (EuXFEL) facility. These lasers will be used to generate transient extreme states of density and temperature to be probed by the X-ray beam. This paper introduces the ReLaX laser, a short-pulse high-intensity Ti:Sa laser system, and discusses its characteristics as available for user experiments. It will also present the first experimental commissioning results validating its successful integration into the EuXFEL infrastructure and viability as a relativistic-intensity laser driver.

Published
2021

26. Erratum: High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (Review of Scientific Instruments (2021) 92 (013101) DOI: 10.1063/5.0022886)

Author

Wollenweber L., Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, Göde, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Plückthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, Wollenweber L., Preston T. R., Descamps A., Cerantola V., Comley A., Eggert J. H., Fletcher L. B., Geloni G., Gericke D. O., Glenzer S. H., Göde S., Hastings J., Humphries O. S., Jenei A., Karnbach O., Konopkova Z., Loetzsch R., Marx-Glowna B., Mcbride E. E., Mcgonegle D., Monaco G., Ofori-Okai B. K., Palmer C. A. J., Plückthun C., Redmer R., Strohm C., Thorpe I., Tschentscher T., Uschmann I., Wark J. S., White T. G., Appel K., Gregori G., Zastrau U., Wollenweber L., Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, Göde, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Plückthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, Wollenweber L., Preston T. R., Descamps A., Cerantola V., Comley A., Eggert J. H., Fletcher L. B., Geloni G., Gericke D. O., Glenzer S. H., Göde S., Hastings J., Humphries O. S., Jenei A., Karnbach O., Konopkova Z., Loetzsch R., Marx-Glowna B., Mcbride E. E., Mcgonegle D., Monaco G., Ofori-Okai B. K., Palmer C. A. J., Plückthun C., Redmer R., Strohm C., Thorpe I., Tschentscher T., Uschmann I., Wark J. S., White T. G., Appel K., Gregori G., and Zastrau U.

Published
2021

27. Publisher’s Note: “High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 92, 013101 (2021)]

Author

Wollenweber, L., primary, Preston, T. R., additional, Descamps, A., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Comley, A., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Geloni, G., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Göde, S., additional, Hastings, J., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Jenei, A., additional, Karnbach, O., additional, Konopkova, Z., additional, Loetzsch, R., additional, Marx-Glowna, B., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McGonegle, D., additional, Monaco, G., additional, Ofori-Okai, B. K., additional, Palmer, C. A. J., additional, Plückthun, C., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Thorpe, I., additional, Tschentscher, T., additional, Uschmann, I., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, White, T. G., additional, Appel, K., additional, Gregori, G., additional, and Zastrau, U., additional

Published
2021
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28. ReLaX: the Helmholtz International Beamline for Extreme Fields high-intensity short-pulse laser driver for relativistic laser–matter interaction and strong-field science using the high energy density instrument at the European X-ray free electron laser facility

Author

Laso Garcia, A., primary, Höppner, H., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Bähtz, C., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Di Dio Cafiso, S., additional, Dreyer, J., additional, Göde, S., additional, Hassan, M., additional, Kluge, T., additional, Liu, J., additional, Makita, M., additional, Möller, D., additional, Nakatsutsumi, M., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Priebe, G., additional, Schlenvoigt, H.-P., additional, Schwinkendorf, J.-P., additional, Šmíd, M., additional, Talposi, A.-M., additional, Toncian, M., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Schramm, U., additional, Cowan, T. E., additional, and Toncian, T., additional

Published
2021
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29. High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Author

Wollenweber, L., primary, Preston, T. R., additional, Descamps, A., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Comley, A., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Geloni, G., additional, Gericke, D. O., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Göde, S., additional, Hastings, J., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Jenei, A., additional, Karnbach, O., additional, Konopkova, Z., additional, Loetzsch, R., additional, Marx-Glowna, B., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McGonegle, D., additional, Monaco, G., additional, Ofori-Okai, B. K., additional, Palmer, C. A. J., additional, Plückthun, C., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Thorpe, I., additional, Tschentscher, T., additional, Uschmann, I., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, White, T. G., additional, Appel, K., additional, Gregori, G., additional, and Zastrau, U., additional

Published
2021
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31. Time-Resolved XUV Opacity Measurements of Warm Dense Aluminum

Author

Vinko, S. M., primary, Vozda, V., additional, Andreasson, J., additional, Bajt, S., additional, Bielecki, J., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupsky, J., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Desjarlais, M. P., additional, Fleckenstein, H., additional, Hajdu, J., additional, Hajkova, V., additional, Hollebon, P., additional, Juha, L., additional, Kasim, M. F., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Muehlig, K., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Roling, S., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, and Zacharias, H., additional

Published
2020
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32. Initial observations of the femtosecond timing jitter at the European XFEL

Author

Kirkwood, H. J., Letrun, R., Tanikawa, T., Liu, J., Nakatsutsumi, M., Emons, M., Jezynski, T., Palmer, G., Lederer, M., Bean, R., Buck, J., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Graceffa, R., Grünert, J., Göde, S., Höppner, H., Kim, Y., Konopkova, Z., Mills, G., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Preston, T. R., Sikorski, M., Takem, C. M. S., Giewekemeyer, K., Chollet, M., Vagovic, P., Chapman, H. N., Mancuso, A. P., Sato, T., Kirkwood, H. J., Letrun, R., Tanikawa, T., Liu, J., Nakatsutsumi, M., Emons, M., Jezynski, T., Palmer, G., Lederer, M., Bean, R., Buck, J., Di Dio Cafiso, S. D., Graceffa, R., Grünert, J., Göde, S., Höppner, H., Kim, Y., Konopkova, Z., Mills, G., Makita, M., Pelka, A., Preston, T. R., Sikorski, M., Takem, C. M. S., Giewekemeyer, K., Chollet, M., Vagovic, P., Chapman, H. N., Mancuso, A. P., and Sato, T.

Abstract

Intense, ultrashort, and high-repetition-rate X-ray pulses, combined with a femtosecond optical laser, allow pump-probe experiments with fast data acquisition and femtosecond time resolution. However, the relative timing of the X-ray pulses and the optical laser pulses can be controlled only to a level of the intrinsic error of the instrument which, without characterization, limits the time resolution of experiments. This limitation inevitably calls for a precise determination of the relative arrival time, which can be used after measurement for sorting and tagging the experimental data to a much finer resolution than it can be controlled to. The observed root-mean-square timing jitter between the X-ray and the optical laser at the SPB/SFX instrument at European XFEL was 308\&\#x00A0;fs. This first measurement of timing jitter at the European XFEL provides an important step in realizing ultrafast experiments at this novel X-ray source. A method for determining the change in the complex refractive index of samples is also presented.

Published
2019

33. Measurements of the momentum-dependence of plasmonic excitations in matter around 1 Mbar using an X-ray free electron laser

Author

Preston, T. R., primary, Appel, K., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Chen, B., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Fortmann-Grote, C., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Granados, E., additional, Göde, S., additional, Konôpková, Z., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Marquardt, H., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Nakatsutsumi, M., additional, Sperling, P., additional, Witte, B. B. L., additional, and Zastrau, U., additional

Published
2019
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34. Clocking Femtosecond Collisional Dynamics via Resonant X-Ray Spectroscopy

Author

van den Berg, Q. Y., primary, Fernandez-Tello, E. V., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Chung, H.-K, additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Dakovski, G. L., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Hollebon, P., additional, Juha, L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Minitti, M. P., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, de la Varga, A. G., additional, Vozda, V., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Velarde, P., additional, and Vinko, S. M., additional

Published
2018
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35. Clocking Femtosecond Collisional Dynamics via Resonant X-Ray Spectroscopy

Author

Van den Berg, Q. Y., Vázquez Fernández Tello, Elisa Alejandra, Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Chung, H.-K, Ciricosta, O., Dakovski, G. L., Hájková, V., Hollebon, P., Juha, L., Krzywinski, J., Lee, R.W., Minitti, M. P., Preston, T. R., García de la Varga, Alberto, Vozda, V., Zastrau, U., Wark, J. S., Velarde Mayol, Pedro, Vinko, S. M., Van den Berg, Q. Y., Vázquez Fernández Tello, Elisa Alejandra, Burian, T., Chalupský, J., Chung, H.-K, Ciricosta, O., Dakovski, G. L., Hájková, V., Hollebon, P., Juha, L., Krzywinski, J., Lee, R.W., Minitti, M. P., Preston, T. R., García de la Varga, Alberto, Vozda, V., Zastrau, U., Wark, J. S., Velarde Mayol, Pedro, and Vinko, S. M.

Abstract

Electron-ion collisional dynamics is of fundamental importance in determining plasma transport properties, nonequilibrium plasma evolution, and electron damage in diffraction imaging applications using bright x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). Here we describe the first experimental measurements of ultrafast electron impact collisional ionization dynamics using resonant core-hole spectroscopy in a solid-density magnesium plasma, created and diagnosed with the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray FEL. By resonantly pumping the 1s→2p transition in highly charged ions within an optically thin plasma, we have measured how off-resonance charge states are populated via collisional processes on femtosecond time scales. We present a collisional cross section model that matches our results and demonstrates how the cross sections are enhanced by dense-plasma effects including continuum lowering. Nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium collisional radiative simulations show excellent agreement with the experimental results and provide new insight on collisional ionization and three-body-recombination processes in the dense-plasma regime.

Published
2018

37. Hospital Medical Staff

Author

Knipe, P., Bradshaw, R. B., Carr, C. J., Carrie, L. E. S., Cope, V., Cuddigan, B. J., Delahunty, J. E., Essenhigh, D. M., Fisher, A., Froggatt, D. L., Gear, M. W. L., Hadfield, J. I. H., Hampton, J. R., Holt, J. M., Lee, M. R., Maddox, G., Massarella, G. R., Middleton, G. D., Preston, T. R., Prout, B. J., Pugh, Jennifer L., Pugh, M. A., Ramsell, T. G., Roth, J. A., Weeks, Sally K., Whitehead, R., Miller, C. M., and Hewer, R. L.

Published
1966

39. Measurements of the K -Shell Opacity of a Solid-Density Magnesium Plasma Heated by an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

Author

Preston, T. R., primary, Vinko, S. M., additional, Ciricosta, O., additional, Hollebon, P., additional, Chung, H.-K., additional, Dakovski, G. L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Minitti, M., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Juha, L., additional, Vozda, V., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, and Wark, J. S., additional

Published
2017
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40. Measurements of continuum lowering in solid-density plasmas created from elements and compounds

Author

Ciricosta, O., primary, Vinko, S. M., additional, Barbrel, B., additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Cho, B. I., additional, Chung, H. -K., additional, Dakovski, G. L., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Heimann, P., additional, Holmes, M., additional, Juha, L., additional, Krzywinski, J., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Toleikis, S., additional, Turner, J. J., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, and Wark, J. S., additional

Published
2016
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42. Investigation of femtosecond collisional ionization rates in a solid-density aluminium plasma

Author

Vinko, S. M., primary, Ciricosta, O., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Rackstraw, D. S., additional, Brown, C.R.D., additional, Burian, T., additional, Chalupský, J., additional, Cho, B. I., additional, Chung, H.-K., additional, Engelhorn, K., additional, Falcone, R. W., additional, Fiokovinini, R., additional, Hájková, V., additional, Heimann, P. A., additional, Juha, L., additional, Lee, H. J., additional, Lee, R. W., additional, Messerschmidt, M., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Schlotter, W., additional, Turner, J. J., additional, Vysin, L., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, and Wark, J. S., additional

Published
2015
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