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The attacks on New York City and Washington D.C., in 2001 raised many questions about security in the United States. One possible reason can be found in the bureaucracy of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Beyond the possibility that the FAA's ban of weapons on planes compromised the nation's security in the attacks, the agency's bureaucratic control has been the unseen source of flight delays and airline inefficiencies. The U.S. Congress created the FAA as an independent federal agency spun off the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB).