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2. Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061 Report, Chapter 3: From science questions to Solar System exploration

Author

Dehant, Véronique, Blanc, Michel, Mackwell, Steve, Soderlund, Krista M., Beck, Pierre, Bunce, Emma, Charnoz, Sébastien, Foing, Bernard, Filice, Valerio, Fletcher, Leigh N., Forget, François, Griton, Léa, Hammel, Heidi, Höning, Dennis, Imamura, Takeshi, Jackman, Caitriona, Kaspi, Yohai, Korablev, Oleg, Leconte, Jérémy, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Marty, Bernard, Mangold, Nicolas, Michel, Patrick, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mousis, Olivier, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Spohn, Tilman, Schmidt, Jürgen, Sterken, Veerle J., Tosi, Nicola, Vandaele, Ann C., Vernazza, Pierre, Vazan, Allona, and Westall, Frances

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics, A.1, H.1.0
Abstract

This chapter of the Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061 Report reviews the way the six key questions about planetary systems, from their origins to the way they work and their habitability, identified in chapter 1, can be addressed by means of solar system exploration, and how one can find partial answers to these six questions by flying to the different provinces to the solar system: terrestrial planets, giant planets, small bodies, and up to its interface with the local interstellar medium. It derives from this analysis a synthetic description of the most important space observations to be performed at the different solar system objects by future planetary exploration missions. These observation requirements illustrate the diversity of measurement techniques to be used as well as the diversity of destinations where these observations must be made. They constitute the base for the identification of the future planetary missions we need to fly by 2061, which are described in chapter 4. Q1- How well do we understand the diversity of planetary systems objects? Q2- How well do we understand the diversity of planetary system architectures? Q3- What are the origins and formation scenarios for planetary systems? Q4- How do planetary systems work? Q5- Do planetary systems host potential habitats? Q6- Where and how to search for life?, Comment: 107 pages, 37 figures, Horizon 2061 is a science-driven, foresight exercise, for future scientific investigations

Published
2022

3. In-situ wavelength calibration without a calibration target: use of Fraunhofer lines after landing on planetary surface

Author

Mori, Shoki, Boettger, Ute, Buder, Maximilian, Cho, Yuichiro, Dietz, Enrico, Hagelschuer, Till, Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Kameda, Shingo, Kopp, Emanuel, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rull, Fernando, Ryan, Conor, Schroeder, Susanne, Sugita, Seiji, Tabata, Haruhisa, Usui, Tomohiro, and Yumoto, Koki

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Accurate wavelength calibration is critical for qualitative and quantitative spectroscopic measurements. Many spectrometers for planetary exploration are equipped with onboard calibration sources. However, such calibration sources are not always available because planetary lander missions often have strong limitations in size and mass. In this study, we propose and validate a wavelength calibration method using solar Fraunhofer lines observed in reflective spectra. As a result, for a visible Raman spectrometer, the accuracy is better than 0.6 cm-1 in 0-4000 cm-1 range, and the magnesium abundance of olivine is estimated more accurately than 2%.

Published
2022

4. Thermal Conductivity measurements of macroscopic frozen Salt Ice analogs of Jovian Icy moons in support of the planned JUICE mission

Author

Díaz, Cristóbal González, Secanellas, Sofia Aparicio, Caro, Guillermo M. Muñoz, Velayos, José Javier Anaya, Carrascosa, Hector, Hernández, Margarita G., Muñoz-Iglesias, Victoria, Marcos-Fernández, Ángel, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Lorente, Rosario, Witasse, Olivier, and Altobelli, Nicolas

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The study of thermal properties of frozen salt solutions representative of ice layers in Jovian moons is crucial to support the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) (ESA) and Europa Clipper (NASA) missions, which will be launched in the upcoming years to make detailed observations of the giant gaseous planet Jupiter and three of its largest moons (Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto), due to the scarcity of experimental measurements. Therefore, we have conducted a set of experiments to measure and study the thermal conductivity of macroscopic frozen salt solutions of particular interest in these regions, including sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium sulphate (MgSO$_4$), sodium sulphate (Na$_2$SO$_4$), and magnesium chloride (MgCl$_2$). Measurements were performed at atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 0 to -70$^{\circ}$C in a climatic chamber. Temperature and calorimetry were measured during the course of the experiments. An interesting side effect of these measurements is that they served to spot phase changes in the frozen salt solutions, even for very low salt concentrations. A small sample of the liquid salt-water solution was set aside for the calorimetry measurements. These experiments and the measurements of thermal conductivity and calorimetry will be valuable to constrain the chemical composition, physical state, and temperature of the icy crusts of Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto.

Published
2021
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5. Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits

Author

Azua-Bustos, Armando, Fairén, Alberto G., González-Silva, Carlos, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Carrizo, Daniel, Sánchez-García, Laura, Parro, Victor, Fernández-Martínez, Miguel Ángel, Escudero, Cristina, Muñoz-Iglesias, Victoria, Fernández-Sampedro, Maite, Molina, Antonio, Villadangos, Miriam García, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Wierzchos, Jacek, Ascaso, Carmen, Fornaro, Teresa, Brucato, John Robert, Poggiali, Giovanni, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Veneranda, Marco, López-Reyes, Guillermo, Sanz-Arranz, Aurelio, Rull, Fernando, Ollila, Ann M., Wiens, Roger C., Reyes-Newell, Adriana, Clegg, Samuel M., Millan, Maëva, Johnson, Sarah Stewart, McIntosh, Ophélie, Szopa, Cyril, Freissinet, Caroline, Sekine, Yasuhito, Fukushi, Keisuke, Morida, Koki, Inoue, Kosuke, Sakuma, Hiroshi, and Rampe, Elizabeth

Published
2023
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7. Science objectives of the MMX rover

Author

Ulamec, Stephan, Michel, Patrick, Grott, Matthias, Böttger, Ute, Schröder, Susanne, Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Cho, Yuichiro, Rull, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Vernazza, Pierre, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Biele, Jens, Tardivel, Simon, Arrat, Denis, Hagelschuer, Till, Knollenberg, Jörg, Vivet, Damien, Sunday, Cecily, Jorda, Laurent, Groussin, Olivier, Robin, Colas, and Miyamoto, Hirdy

Published
2023
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8. Planetary protection: Updates and challenges for a sustainable space exploration

Author

Coustenis, Athena, Hedman, Niklas, Doran, Peter T., Al Shehhi, Omar, Ammannito, Eleonora, Fujimoto, Masaki, Grasset, Olivier, Groen, Frank, Hayes, Alex, Ilyin, Vyacheslav, Kumar K, Praveen, Morisset, Caroline-Emmanuelle, Mustin, Christian, Olsson-Francis, Karen, Peng, Jing, Prieto Ballesteros, Olga, Raulin, Francois, Rettberg, Petra, Sinibaldi, Silvio, Suzuki, Yohey, Xu, Kanyan, and Zaitsev, Maxim

Published
2023
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9. From science questions to Solar System exploration

Author

Dehant, Véronique, primary, Blanc, Michel, additional, Mackwell, Steve, additional, Soderlund, Krista M., additional, Beck, Pierre, additional, Bunce, Emma, additional, Charnoz, Sébastien, additional, Foing, Bernard, additional, Filice, Valerio, additional, Fletcher, Leigh N., additional, Forget, François, additional, Griton, Léa, additional, Hammel, Heidi, additional, Höning, Dennis, additional, Imamura, Takeshi, additional, Jackman, Caitriona, additional, Kaspi, Yohai, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Leconte, Jérémy, additional, Lellouch, Emmanuel, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Michel, Patrick, additional, Morbidelli, Alessandro, additional, Mousis, Olivier, additional, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Spohn, Tilman, additional, Schmidt, Juergen, additional, Sterken, Veerle J., additional, Tosi, Nicola, additional, Vandaele, Ann C., additional, Vernazza, Pierre, additional, Vazan, Allona, additional, and Westall, Frances, additional

Published
2023
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10. Contributors

Author

Alves, Jorge, primary, Ammannito, Eleonora, additional, André, Nicolas, additional, Arrigo, Gabriella, additional, Asmar, Sami, additional, Atkinson, David, additional, Autino, Adriano, additional, Beck, Pierre, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Blanc, Michel, additional, Bolton, Scott, additional, Bourdon, Anne, additional, Bousquet, Pierre, additional, Bunce, Emma, additional, Capria, Maria Teresa, additional, Chabert, Pascal, additional, Charnoz, Sébastien, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Chien, Steve, additional, Cinelli, Ilaria, additional, Day, John, additional, Dehant, Véronique, additional, Demory, Brice, additional, Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, additional, Dorn, Caroline, additional, Fairén, Alberto G., additional, Filice, Valerio, additional, Fletcher, Leigh N., additional, Foing, Bernard, additional, Forget, François, additional, Freeman, Anthony, additional, Gaudi, B. Scott, additional, Genova, Antonio, additional, Grande, Manuel, additional, Green, James, additional, Griton, Léa, additional, Guo, Linli, additional, Hammel, Heidi, additional, Heinicke, Christiane, additional, Helled, Ravit, additional, Heng, Kevin, additional, Herique, Alain, additional, Höning, Dennis, additional, Hook, Joshua Vander, additional, Hutzler, Aurore, additional, Imamura, Takeshi, additional, Jackman, Caitriona, additional, Kaspi, Yohai, additional, Kim, Jyeong Ja, additional, Kitzman, Daniel, additional, Kofman, Wlodek, additional, Kokubo, Eiichiro, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lazio, Joseph, additional, Leconte, Jérémy, additional, Lellouch, Emmanuel, additional, Le Sergeant d'Hendecourt, Louis, additional, Lewis, Jonathan, additional, Li, Ming, additional, Mackwell, Steve, additional, Madi, Mohammad, additional, Makaya, Advenit, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Marty, Bernard, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, McNutt, Ralph, additional, Michel, Patrick, additional, Morbidelli, Alessandro, additional, Mordasini, Christoph, additional, Mousis, Olivier, additional, Nesvorny, David, additional, Noack, Lena, additional, Onoda, Masami, additional, Opher, Merav, additional, Ori, Gian Gabriele, additional, Owen, James, additional, Paranicas, Chris, additional, Parro, Victor, additional, Perino, Maria Antonietta, additional, Plainaki, Christina, additional, Preston, Robert, additional, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Qin, Liping, additional, Quanz, Sascha, additional, Rauer, Heike, additional, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose A., additional, Schmidt, Juergen, additional, Senske, Dave, additional, Snellen, Ignas, additional, Soderlund, Krista M., additional, Sotin, Christophe, additional, Spilker, Linda, additional, Spohn, Tilman, additional, Stephenson, Keith, additional, Sterken, Veerle J., additional, Testi, Leonardo, additional, Tosi, Nicola, additional, Toukaku, Yoshio, additional, Udry, Stéphane, additional, Vandaele, Ann C., additional, Vazan, Allona, additional, Venturini, Julia, additional, Vernazza, Pierre, additional, Waite, J. Hunter, additional, Wambsganss, Joachim, additional, Wedler, Armin, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Zarka, Philippe, additional, Zine, Sonia, additional, and Zong, Qiugang, additional

Published
2023
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11. The COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy for robotic missions to Mars: A review of current scientific knowledge and future perspectives

Author

Olsson-Francis, Karen, Doran, Peter T., Ilyin, Vyacheslav, Raulin, Francois, Rettberg, Petra, Kminek, Gerhard, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, Coustenis, Athena, Hedman, Niklas, Shehhi, Omar Al, Ammannito, Eleonora, Bernardini, James, Fujimoto, Masaki, Grasset, Olivier, Groen, Frank, Hayes, Alex, Gallagher, Sarah, Kumar K, Praveen, Mustin, Christian, Nakamura, Akiko, Seasly, Elaine, Suzuki, Yohey, Peng, Jing, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Sinibaldi, Silvio, Xu, Kanyan, and Zaitsev, Maxim

Published
2023
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14. SEM/Raman spectroscopy of clathrites as analogs of authigenic carbonates in ocean worlds.

Author

de Dios‐Cubillas, Ana, Prieto‐Ballesteros, Olga, Nachtnebel, Manfred, Fitzek, Harald, and Schröttner, Hartmuth

Subjects
*CARBONATE minerals, *CARBONATE rocks, *COLD seeps, *UNDERWATER exploration, *SCANNING electron microscopes, *GAS hydrates, *CALCITE, *DOLOMITE
Abstract

There is evidence from the near‐infrared observations of space missions of the presence of carbonates on the surface of several ocean worlds. However, their genesis remains unresolved. We investigate the hypothesis that these carbonates may be in the form of clathrites assuming that clathrate hydrates are stable phases in the crust and ocean of these ocean worlds. In order to support this, we studied a sample of a potential clathrite from the Hydrate Ridge cold seep (Cascadia Subduction Zone), the carbonate rock fossil of clathrate hydrates, as a terrestrial analogue. We characterised the mineralogy and texture of the sample by using a coupled confocal Raman microscope and scanning electron microscopy instrument with the aim of identifying possible geo‐ and biosignatures, which could be relevant for future missions of exploration to ocean worlds and Mars. Our results show that aragonite is the dominant mineral phase in the clathrite sample, but Mg‐calcite and dolomite were also identified. These three carbonates constitute a pattern related to clathrate hydrate formation and dissociation processes. Dolomite was defined as a biosignature of gas hydrate microbiomes because it was integrated within Mg‐calcite grains precipitated after clathrate hydrate dissociation. Nevertheless, no spectral changes were observed in Raman bands of carbonate minerals that would indicate the influence of clathrate hydrates in their genesis. We also observed that Raman band positions of the associated framboidal pyrites are a characteristic signature of the associated framboid‐like texture because its potential as biosignature may only be attributed by biochemical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Joint Europa Mission (JEM): a multi-scale study of Europa to characterize its habitability and search for extant life

Author

Blanc, Michel, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, André, Nicolas, Gomez-Elvira, Javier, Jones, Geraint, Sterken, Veerle, Desprats, William, Gurvits, Leonid I., Khurana, Krishan, Balmino, Georges, Blöcker, Aljona, Broquet, Renaud, Bunce, Emma, Cavel, Cyril, Choblet, Gaël, Colins, Geoffrey, Coradini, Marcello, Cooper, John, Dirkx, Dominic, Fontaine, Dominique, Garnier, Philippe, Gaudin, David, Hartogh, Paul, Hussmann, Hauke, Genova, Antonio, Iess, Luciano, Jäggi, Adrian, Kempf, Sascha, Krupp, Norbert, Lara, Luisa, Lasue, Jérémie, Lainey, Valéry, Leblanc, François, Lebreton, Jean-Pierre, Longobardo, Andrea, Lorenz, Ralph, Martins, Philippe, Martins, Zita, Marty, Jean-Charles, Masters, Adam, Mimoun, David, Palumba, Ernesto, Parro, Victor, Regnier, Pascal, Saur, Joachim, Schutte, Adriaan, Sittler, Edward C., Spohn, Tilman, Srama, Ralf, Stephan, Katrin, Szegő, Károly, Tosi, Federico, Vance, Steve, Wagner, Roland, Van Hoolst, Tim, Volwerk, Martin, Wahlund, Jan-Erik, Westall, Frances, and Wurz, Peter

Published
2020
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16. In situ science on Phobos with the Raman spectrometer for MMX (RAX): preliminary design and feasibility of Raman measurements

Author

Cho, Yuichiro, Böttger, Ute, Rull, Fernando, Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Belenguer, Tomàs, Börner, Anko, Buder, Maximilian, Bunduki, Yuri, Dietz, Enrico, Hagelschuer, Till, Kameda, Shingo, Kopp, Emanuel, Lieder, Matthias, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Moral Inza, Andoni Gaizka, Mori, Shoki, Ogura, Jo Akino, Paproth, Carsten, Perez Canora, Carlos, Pertenais, Martin, Peter, Gisbert, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rockstein, Steve, Rodd-Routley, Selene, Rodriguez Perez, Pablo, Ryan, Conor, Santamaria, Pilar, Säuberlich, Thomas, Schrandt, Friedrich, Schröder, Susanne, Stangarone, Claudia, Ulamec, Stephan, Usui, Tomohiro, Weber, Iris, Westerdorff, Karsten, and Yumoto, Koki

Published
2021
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17. Fractal properties of isolines at varying altitude reveal different dominant geological processes on Earth

Author

Baldassarri, Andrea, Montuori, Marco, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, and Manrubia, Susanna C.

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

Geometrical properties of landscapes result from the geological processes that have acted through time. The quantitative analysis of natural relief represents an objective form of aiding in the visual interpretation of landscapes, as studies on coastlines, river networks, and global topography, have shown. Still, an open question is whether a clear relationship between the quantitative properties of landscapes and the dominant geomorphologic processes that originate them can be established. In this contribution, we show that the geometry of topographic isolines is an appropriate observable to help disentangle such a relationship. A fractal analysis of terrestrial isolines yields a clear identification of trenches and abyssal plains, differentiates oceanic ridges from continental slopes and platforms, localizes coastlines and river systems, and isolates areas at high elevation (or latitude) subjected to the erosive action of ice. The study of the geometrical properties of the lunar landscape supports the existence of a correspondence between principal geomorphic processes and landforms. Our analysis can be easily applied to other planetary bodies., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures

Published
2008
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18. Viable cyanobacteria in the deep continental subsurface

Author

Puente-Sánchez, Fernando, Arce-Rodríguez, Alejandro, Oggerin, Monike, García-Villadangos, Miriam, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Blanco, Yolanda, Rodríguez, Nuria, Bird, Laurence, Lincoln, Sara A., Tornos, Fernando, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Freeman, Katherine H., Pieper, Dietmar H., Timmis, Kenneth N., Amils, Ricardo, and Parro, Víctor

Published
2018

22. Planetary protection: an international concern and responsibility

Author

Coustenis, Athena, primary, Hedman, Niklas, additional, Doran, Peter T., additional, Al Shehhi, Omar, additional, Ammannito, Eleonora, additional, Fujimoto, Masaki, additional, Grasset, Olivier, additional, Groen, Frank, additional, Hayes, Alexander G., additional, Ilyin, Vyacheslav, additional, Kumar, K. Praveen, additional, Morisset, Caroline-Emmanuelle, additional, Mustin, Christian, additional, Olsson-Francis, Karen, additional, Peng, Jing, additional, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Raulin, Francois, additional, Rettberg, Petra, additional, Sinibaldi, Silvio, additional, Suzuki, Yohey, additional, Xu, Kanyan, additional, and Zaitsev, Maxim, additional

Published
2023
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23. From science questions to Solar System exploration

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Dehant, Véronique, Blanc, Michel, Mackwell, Steve, Soderlund, Krista M., Beck, Pierre, Bunce, Emma, Charnoz, Sébastien, Foing, Bernard, Filice, Valerio, Fletcher, Leigh N., Forget, François, Griton, Léa, Hammel, Heidi, Höning, Dennis, Imamura, Takeshi, Jackman, Caitriona, Kaspi, Yohai, Korablev, Oleg, Leconte, Jérémy, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Marty, Bernard, Mangold, Nicolas, Michel, Patrick, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mousis, Olivier, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Spohn, Tilman, Schmidt, Juergen, Sterken, Veerle J., Tosi, Nicola, Vandaele, Ann C., Vernazza, Pierre, Vazan, Allona, Westall, Frances, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Dehant, Véronique, Blanc, Michel, Mackwell, Steve, Soderlund, Krista M., Beck, Pierre, Bunce, Emma, Charnoz, Sébastien, Foing, Bernard, Filice, Valerio, Fletcher, Leigh N., Forget, François, Griton, Léa, Hammel, Heidi, Höning, Dennis, Imamura, Takeshi, Jackman, Caitriona, Kaspi, Yohai, Korablev, Oleg, Leconte, Jérémy, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Marty, Bernard, Mangold, Nicolas, Michel, Patrick, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mousis, Olivier, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Spohn, Tilman, Schmidt, Juergen, Sterken, Veerle J., Tosi, Nicola, Vandaele, Ann C., Vernazza, Pierre, Vazan, Allona, and Westall, Frances

Abstract

This chapter reviews the way the six key questions about planetary systems, from their origins to the way they work and their habitability, identified in Chapter 1 (Blanc et al., 2021), can be addressed by means of solar system exploration, and how one can find partial answers to these six questions by flying to the different provinces to the solar system: terrestrial planets, giant planets, small bodies, and up to its interface with the local interstellar medium. It derives from this analysis a synthetic description of the most important space observations to be performed at the different solar system objects by future planetary exploration missions. These “observation requirements” illustrate the diversity of measurement techniques to be used as well as the diversity of destinations where these observations must be made. They constitute the base for the identification of the future planetary missions we need to fly by 2061, which are described in Chapter 4.

Published
2023

24. Coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles operating in the continental deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Author

Amils, Ricardo, Escudero, Cristina, Oggerin, Monike, Puente Sánchez, Fernando, Arce Rodríguez, Alejandro, Fernández Remolar, David, Rodríguez, Nuria, García Villadangos, Miriam, Sanz, José Luis, Briones, Carlos, Sánchez, Mónica, Gómez, Felipe, Leandro, Tania, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Molina, Antonio, Tornos, Fernando, Sánchez-Andrea, Irene, Timmis, Kenneth, Pieper, Dietmar H., Parro, Victor, Amils, Ricardo, Escudero, Cristina, Oggerin, Monike, Puente Sánchez, Fernando, Arce Rodríguez, Alejandro, Fernández Remolar, David, Rodríguez, Nuria, García Villadangos, Miriam, Sanz, José Luis, Briones, Carlos, Sánchez, Mónica, Gómez, Felipe, Leandro, Tania, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Molina, Antonio, Tornos, Fernando, Sánchez-Andrea, Irene, Timmis, Kenneth, Pieper, Dietmar H., and Parro, Victor

Abstract

Microbial activity is a major contributor to the biogeochemical cycles that make up the life support system of planet Earth. A 613 m deep geomicrobiological perforation and a systematic multi-analytical characterization revealed an unexpected diversity associated with the rock matrix microbiome that operates in the subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). Members of 1 class and 16 genera were deemed the most representative microorganisms of the IPB deep subsurface and selected for a deeper analysis. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization allowed not only the identification of microorganisms but also the detection of novel activities in the subsurface such as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) and anaerobic methane oxidation, the co-occurrence of microorganisms able to maintain complementary metabolic activities and the existence of biofilms. The use of enrichment cultures sensed the presence of five different complementary metabolic activities along the length of the borehole and isolated 29 bacterial species. Genomic analysis of nine isolates identified the genes involved in the complete operation of the light-independent coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles. This study revealed the importance of nitrate reduction microorganisms in the oxidation of iron in the anoxic conditions existing in the subsurface of the IPB.

Published
2023

25. The diverse meteorology of Jezero crater over the first 250 sols of Perseverance on Mars

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), European Commission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A. [0000-0003-0461-9815], Torre Juarez, Manuel de la [0000-0003-1393-5297], Sánchez-Lavega, A. [0000-0001-7234-7634], Hueso, R. [0000-0003-0169-123X], Martinez, G. [0000-0001-5885-236X], Lemmon, M. T. [0000-0002-4504-5136], Newman, C. E. [0000-0001-9990-8817], Munguira, A. [0000-0002-1677-6327], Jaakonaho, I. [0000-0001-7343-5556], Viudez-Moreiras, D. [0000-0001-8442-3788], Ramos, M. Ángeles [0000-0003-3648-6818], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Lepinette, A. [0000-0002-5213-3521], Sullivan, R. J. [0000-0003-4191-598X], Apestigue, V. [0000-0002-4349-8019], Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del [0000-0001-8552-226X], Murdoch, N. [0000-0002-9701-4075], Arruego, I. [0000-0001-9705-9743], Banfield, D. [0000-0003-2664-0164], Brown, A. J. [0000-0002-9352-6989], Ceballos, J. [0000-0002-6727-1062], Dominguez-Pumar, M. [0000-0001-5439-7953], Espejo, S. [0000-0003-2609-2663], Fischer, E. [0000-0002-2098-5295], Guzewich, S. D. [0000-0003-1149-7385], Makinen, T. [0000-0001-9489-8154], Martin, C. [0000-0002-8898-4061], Molina, A. [0000-0002-5038-2022], Mora-Sotomayor, L. [0000-0002-8209-1190], Navarro, S. [0000-0001-8606-7799], Perez-Grande, I. [0000-0002-7145-2835], Romero, C. [0000-0001-5442-2581], Rodríguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juarez, Manuel de la, Sánchez-Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martínez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Polkko, J., Toledo, D., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Jaakonaho, I., Genzer, M., Vicente-Retortillo, A. de, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Ramos, M. Ángeles, Saiz-Lopez, A., Lepinette, A., Wolff, M., Sullivan, R. J., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Apestigue, V., Conrad, P. G., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, Murdoch, N., Arruego, I., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Brown, A. J., Ceballos, J., Dominguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairén, A. G., Ferrandiz, R., Fischer, E., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Gimenez, S., Gomez-Gomez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A. M., Jimenez, J. J., Jimenez, V., Makinen, T., Marin, M., Martín, C., Martin-Soler, J., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Peinado, V., Pérez-Grande, I., Pla-Garcia, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Savijärvi, H., Schofield, J. T., Torres, J., Urqui, R., Zurita, S., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (España), European Commission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Rodriguez-Manfredi, J. A. [0000-0003-0461-9815], Torre Juarez, Manuel de la [0000-0003-1393-5297], Sánchez-Lavega, A. [0000-0001-7234-7634], Hueso, R. [0000-0003-0169-123X], Martinez, G. [0000-0001-5885-236X], Lemmon, M. T. [0000-0002-4504-5136], Newman, C. E. [0000-0001-9990-8817], Munguira, A. [0000-0002-1677-6327], Jaakonaho, I. [0000-0001-7343-5556], Viudez-Moreiras, D. [0000-0001-8442-3788], Ramos, M. Ángeles [0000-0003-3648-6818], Saiz-Lopez, A. [0000-0002-0060-1581], Lepinette, A. [0000-0002-5213-3521], Sullivan, R. J. [0000-0003-4191-598X], Apestigue, V. [0000-0002-4349-8019], Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del [0000-0001-8552-226X], Murdoch, N. [0000-0002-9701-4075], Arruego, I. [0000-0001-9705-9743], Banfield, D. [0000-0003-2664-0164], Brown, A. J. [0000-0002-9352-6989], Ceballos, J. [0000-0002-6727-1062], Dominguez-Pumar, M. [0000-0001-5439-7953], Espejo, S. [0000-0003-2609-2663], Fischer, E. [0000-0002-2098-5295], Guzewich, S. D. [0000-0003-1149-7385], Makinen, T. [0000-0001-9489-8154], Martin, C. [0000-0002-8898-4061], Molina, A. [0000-0002-5038-2022], Mora-Sotomayor, L. [0000-0002-8209-1190], Navarro, S. [0000-0001-8606-7799], Perez-Grande, I. [0000-0002-7145-2835], Romero, C. [0000-0001-5442-2581], Rodríguez-Manfredi, José Antonio, Torre Juarez, Manuel de la, Sánchez-Lavega, A., Hueso, R., Martínez, G., Lemmon, M. T., Newman, C. E., Munguira, A., Hieta, M., Tamppari, L. K., Polkko, J., Toledo, D., Sebastian, E., Smith, M. D., Jaakonaho, I., Genzer, M., Vicente-Retortillo, A. de, Viúdez-Moreiras, Daniel, Ramos, M. Ángeles, Saiz-Lopez, A., Lepinette, A., Wolff, M., Sullivan, R. J., Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Apestigue, V., Conrad, P. G., Río Gaztelurrutia, Teresa del, Murdoch, N., Arruego, I., Banfield, D., Boland, J., Brown, A. J., Ceballos, J., Dominguez-Pumar, M., Espejo, S., Fairén, A. G., Ferrandiz, R., Fischer, E., García-Villadangos, Miriam, Gimenez, S., Gomez-Gomez, F., Guzewich, S. D., Harri, A. M., Jimenez, J. J., Jimenez, V., Makinen, T., Marin, M., Martín, C., Martin-Soler, J., Molina, A., Mora-Sotomayor, L., Navarro, S., Peinado, V., Pérez-Grande, I., Pla-Garcia, J., Postigo, M., Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rafkin, Scot C. R., Richardson, M. I., Romeral, J., Romero, C., Savijärvi, H., Schofield, J. T., Torres, J., Urqui, R., and Zurita, S.

Abstract

NASA’s Perseverance rover’s Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer is collecting data at Jezero crater, characterizing the physical processes in the lowest layer of the Martian atmosphere. Here we present measurements from the instrument’s first 250 sols of operation, revealing a spatially and temporally variable meteorology at Jezero. We find that temperature measurements at four heights capture the response of the atmospheric surface layer to multiple phenomena. We observe the transition from a stable night-time thermal inversion to a daytime, highly turbulent convective regime, with large vertical thermal gradients. Measurement of multiple daily optical depths suggests aerosol concentrations are higher in the morning than in the afternoon. Measured wind patterns are driven mainly by local topography, with a small contribution from regional winds. Daily and seasonal variability of relative humidity shows a complex hydrologic cycle. These observations suggest that changes in some local surface properties, such as surface albedo and thermal inertia, play an influential role. On a larger scale, surface pressure measurements show typical signatures of gravity waves and baroclinic eddies in a part of the seasonal cycle previously characterized as low wave activity. These observations, both combined and simultaneous, unveil the diversity of processes driving change on today’s Martian surface at Jezero crater.

Published
2023

26. Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Azua-Bustos, Armando, Farién, Alberto G., González-Silva, Carlos, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Carrizo, Daniel, Sánchez-García, Laura, Parro, Víctor, Fernández-Martínez, Miguel Ángel, Escudero, Cristina, Muñoz-Iglesias, Victoria, Fernández-Sampedro, Maite, Molina, Antonio, García Villadangos, Miriam, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Wierzchos, Jacek, Ascaso, Carmen, Fornaro, Teresa, Brucato, John Robert, Poggiali, Giovanni, Manrique, José Antonio, Veneranda, Marco, López-Reyes, Guilermo, Sanz-Arranz, Aurelio, Rull, Fernando, Ollila, Ann M., Wiens, Roger C., Reyes-Newell, Adriana, Clegg, Samuel M., Millán, Maëva, Stewart Johnson, Sarah, McIntosh, Ophélie, Szopa, Cyril, Freissinet, Caroline, Sekine, Yasuhito, Fukushi, Keisuke, Morida, Koki, Inoue, Kosuke, Sakuma, Hiroshi, Rampe, Elisabeth, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Azua-Bustos, Armando, Farién, Alberto G., González-Silva, Carlos, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Carrizo, Daniel, Sánchez-García, Laura, Parro, Víctor, Fernández-Martínez, Miguel Ángel, Escudero, Cristina, Muñoz-Iglesias, Victoria, Fernández-Sampedro, Maite, Molina, Antonio, García Villadangos, Miriam, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Wierzchos, Jacek, Ascaso, Carmen, Fornaro, Teresa, Brucato, John Robert, Poggiali, Giovanni, Manrique, José Antonio, Veneranda, Marco, López-Reyes, Guilermo, Sanz-Arranz, Aurelio, Rull, Fernando, Ollila, Ann M., Wiens, Roger C., Reyes-Newell, Adriana, Clegg, Samuel M., Millán, Maëva, Stewart Johnson, Sarah, McIntosh, Ophélie, Szopa, Cyril, Freissinet, Caroline, Sekine, Yasuhito, Fukushi, Keisuke, Morida, Koki, Inoue, Kosuke, Sakuma, Hiroshi, and Rampe, Elisabeth

Abstract

Identifying unequivocal signs of life on Mars is one of the most important objectives for sending missions to the red planet. Here we report Red Stone, a 163-100 My alluvial fan–fan delta that formed under arid conditions in the Atacama Desert, rich in hematite and mudstones containing clays such as vermiculite and smectites, and therefore geologically analogous to Mars. We show that Red Stone samples display an important number of microorganisms with an unusual high rate of phylogenetic indeterminacy, what we refer to as “dark microbiome”, and a mix of biosignatures from extant and ancient microorganisms that can be barely detected with state-of-the-art laboratory equipment. Our analyses by testbed instruments that are on or will be sent to Mars unveil that although the mineralogy of Red Stone matches that detected by ground-based instruments on the red planet, similarly low levels of organics will be hard, if not impossible to detect in Martian rocks depending on the instrument and technique used. Our results stress the importance in returning samples to Earth for conclusively addressing whether life ever existed on Mars.

Published
2023

27. Alteration processes in Deception Island volcano (Antarctica), a first step in the study of the current hydrothermal system

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Vilanova, Oriol, Geyer, Adelina, Aulinas, Meritxell, Arasanz, Raquel, Ibáñez Insa, Jordi, Álvarez-Valero, Antonio M., Albert, Helena, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Vilanova, Oriol, Geyer, Adelina, Aulinas, Meritxell, Arasanz, Raquel, Ibáñez Insa, Jordi, Álvarez-Valero, Antonio M., Albert, Helena, and Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga

Abstract

Progressive hydrothermal alteration and mineral precipitation can modify the physical properties and mechanical behavior of the affected rocks, increasing the probabilities of phreatic or hydrothermal explosive eruptions. In this work we focus on the study of rock alteration and hydrothermal system of Deception Island, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica. A characterization of the pre-caldera and syn- caldera rock alterations has been done as a starting point for the understanding of the past and present hydrothermal system in the island. The alteration processes that have affected pre-caldera deposits are related to low temperature (<200 oC) fluids, with pervasive palagonitisation and precipitation of smectite and zeolite. In some samples carbonate has also been detected. This alteration is consistent with rocks located at the first 500-600 meters depth of the pre-caldera shield volcano, in which the upper part of the sequence was affected by low-temperature acidic hydrothermal fluids that would have caused the dissolution of some phenocrysts and the consequent precipitation of magnesite. An extended palagonitisation characterize the syn-caldera deposits, but smectite and zeolite have also been identified. This is consistent with syn-depositional and meteoric alteration. Therefore, in the studied samples there is no evidence of persistent hydrothermal alteration that could be related to the current hydrothermal system.

Published
2023

28. Detection of alanine in samples analoges of europa to define a future raman spectrometer

Author

Ercilla, Óscar, Zafra, Jesús, Sanz, Ruy, Benito Parejo, Marina, Rodríguez Prieto, José Antonio, Cabrero, Juan, Moral, Andoni, Prieto Ballesteros, Olga, Estrada, Alberto, Caballero-Calero, Olga, Ercilla, Óscar, Zafra, Jesús, Sanz, Ruy, Benito Parejo, Marina, Rodríguez Prieto, José Antonio, Cabrero, Juan, Moral, Andoni, Prieto Ballesteros, Olga, Estrada, Alberto, and Caballero-Calero, Olga

Abstract

Reaching an icy moon's surface will be the next challenge in exploration to understand one of the most interesting groups of bodies in the Solar System. Among the instruments that would be carried by a static in situ probe, such as the Europa Lander design, it would be a Raman spectrometer for analysis of the surface/subsurface at the landing site. Testing the performances of the technology needed for this instrument is essential to complete the mission science objectives, including the search for biomarkers. This is what we are doing with NEXT (iNsitu Exploration of planetary objects) project. We have prepared nine samples analogous to what we could find on the Europa surface, and we have studied them with different Raman spectrometers, including Flight Spare Model (FS) from RLS, a space qualified instrument on board the Rosalind Franklin rover of the ExoMars Mission.. The samples consisted of aqueous solutions with magnesium sulfate (5, 10 and 17 wt %) to which the amino acid alanine-L (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt %) was added. The samples were assayed in liquid and solid phase state. The spectral results show that the amount of dissolved magnesium sulfate is perfectly recognizable (around 984 cm-1) and the concentration is possible to quantify. In addition, we are able to detect the presence of alanine-L using in all the conditions and performances at two frequency ranges. The first absorption peak is at 2937 cm-1, where the spectra obtained range from 2938 to 2949 cm-1. In the second detection (1250 to 1500 cm-1), alanine-L has 5 intensity peaks, which are easily detected in most cases, otherwise at least three of them. The results obtained show us that the different spectrometers, with different laser, power and resolution, allow us to detect the presence of alanine-L even in the lowest proportion in conditions of composition to the European crust, including with RLS FS.

Published
2023

29. Planetary protection: an international concern and responsibility

Author

Coustenis, Athena, Hedman, Niklas, Doran, Peter T., Al Shehhi, Omar, Ammannito, Eleonora, Fujimoto, Masaki, Grasset, Olivier, Groen, Frank, Hayes, Alexander G., Ilyin, Vyacheslav, Kumar, K Praveen, Morisset, Caroline-Emmanuelle, Mustin, Christian, Olsson-Francis, Karen, Peng, Jing, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Raulin, Francois, Rettberg, Petra, Sinibaldi, Silvio, Suzuki, Yohey, Xu, Kanyan, and Zaitsev, Maxim

Subjects
bioburden (reduction), sterilization, space mission, Planetary protection, contamination control, space exploration, COSPAR, outer space treaty
Published
2023

30. Deuterated PET: The new verification target of the Raman spectrometer for the MMX mission to explore Phobos.

Author

Moral, Andoni G., Mora, Julio, Prieto‐Ballesteros, Olga, Ercilla, Oscar, Lopez‐Reyes, Guillermo, Canora, Carlos P., Bonales, Laura J., Fernandez‐Sampedro, Maite, Sanz‐Arranz, J.A., Herrera, Alejandro, Alonso, Rafael, Rull, Fernando, Böttger, Ute, Cho, Yuichiro, Schröder, Susanne, and Hübers, Heinz‐Wilhelm

Subjects
MARTIAN exploration, LUNAR exploration, SPECTROMETERS, POLYETHYLENE terephthalate, SURFACES (Technology)
Abstract

JAXA's upcoming MMX (Martian Moons eXploration) mission will deliver a small rover to Phobos, to explore its surface complementary to the MMX orbiter and the sample return lander. On board this rover is a Raman spectrometer, the RAX Instrument (RAman Spectrometer for MMX), a payload to science. RAX has been designed for being capable to analyze the mineral composition of the Phobos' surface, in order to help reveal the nature and distribution of materials on the surface and ultimately the origin and evolution of the moon. Attached to MMX spacecraft, with direct view from the RAX instrument, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) target will be placed for on‐ground and during cruise, spectral instrument performances verification, before the MMX rover is released and dropped to the Phobos surface for developing its scientific tasks. A novel deuterated PET material was proposed as verification target (VT) to check the spectral instrument performances. INTA‐CAB developed, manufactured and qualified for the MMX‐RAX space mission, 13 mm diameter and 2‐mm thick pellets of this material, which incorporates two relevant improvement characteristics: reduction in fluorescence and additional Raman bands with regard to ordinary PET used with this purpose. The material was selected as RAX VT and delivered to DLR for performance tests and later integration into the MMX rover together with the RAX flight model. The RAX VT will be critical to check the instrument performances during the several months cruise phase after launch and just before its landing on Phobos surface. This paper reports the development and characterization of the deuterated PET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles operating in the continental deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Author

Amils, Ricardo, primary, Escudero, Cristina, additional, Oggerin, Monike, additional, Puente Sánchez, Fernando, additional, Arce Rodríguez, Alejandro, additional, Fernández Remolar, David, additional, Rodríguez, Nuria, additional, García Villadangos, Miriam, additional, Sanz, José Luis, additional, Briones, Carlos, additional, Sánchez‐Román, Mónica, additional, Gómez, Felipe, additional, Leandro, Tania, additional, Moreno‐Paz, Mercedes, additional, Prieto‐Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Molina, Antonio, additional, Tornos, Fernando, additional, Sánchez‐Andrea, Irene, additional, Timmis, Kenneth, additional, Pieper, Dietmar H., additional, and Parro, Victor, additional

Published
2022
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32. From science questions to Solar System exploration

Author

Dehant, Véronique, Blanc, Michel, Mackwell, Steve, Soderlund, Krista M., Beck, Pierre, Bunce, Emma, Charnoz, Sébastien, Foing, Bernard, Filice, Valerio, Fletcher, Leigh N., Forget, François, Griton, Léa, Hammel, Heidi, Höning, Dennis, Imamura, Takeshi, Jackman, Caitriona, Kaspi, Yohai, Korablev, Oleg, Leconte, Jérémy, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Marty, Bernard, Mangold, Nicolas, Michel, Patrick, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mousis, Olivier, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Spohn, Tilman, Schmidt, Juergen, Sterken, Veerle J., Tosi, Nicola, Vandaele, Ann C., Vernazza, Pierre, Vazan, Allona, Westall, Frances, Blanc, Michel, Geology and Geochemistry, and Earth Sciences

Subjects
Medium, Asteroid, Planets, Small bodies, Solar System
Abstract

This chapter reviews the way the six key questions about planetary systems, from their origins to the way they work and their habitability, identified in Chapter 1 (Blanc et al., 2021), can be addressed by means of solar system exploration, and how one can find partial answers to these six questions by flying to the different provinces to the solar system: terrestrial planets, giant planets, small bodies, and up to its interface with the local interstellar medium. It derives from this analysis a synthetic description of the most important space observations to be performed at the different solar system objects by future planetary exploration missions. These “observation requirements” illustrate the diversity of measurement techniques to be used as well as the diversity of destinations where these observations must be made. They constitute the base for the identification of the future planetary missions we need to fly by 2061, which are described in Chapter 4.

Published
2023

33. RAX: The Raman Spectrometer on the MMX Rover for in-situ Surface Analysis on Phobos

Author

Schröder, Susanne, Böttger, Ute, Buder, Maximilian, Bunduki, Yuri, Cho, Y., Dietz, Enrico, Hagelschuer, Till, Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Kameda, S., Kopp, Emanuel, Moral Inza, A. G., Pertenais, Martin, Peter, Gisbert, Pohl, Andreas, Prieto Ballesteros, Olga, Rammelkamp, Kristin, Rockstein, Steve, Routley, Selene Amy, Rufini, Sergio, Rull, F., Ryan, Conor, Säuberlich, Thomas, Schrandt, Friedrich, Ulamec, Stephan, Usui, T., and Westerdorff, Karsten

Subjects
Phobos, in-situ, RAX, Raman spectroscopy, MMX, Raman
Published
2023

36. In situ science on Phobos by the Raman spectrometer RAX on board the MMX rover

Author

Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, primary, Böttger, Ute, additional, Cho, Yuichiro, additional, Huebers, Heinz-Wilhelm, additional, Rull, Fernando, additional, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Belenguer, Tomás, additional, Benito, Marina, additional, Börner, Anko, additional, Buder, Maximilian, additional, Bunduki, Yuri, additional, Dietz, Enrico, additional, Hagelschuer, Till, additional, Kameda, Shingo, additional, Kopp, Emanuel, additional, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, additional, Moral Inza, Andoni G., additional, Mori, Shoki, additional, Perez Canora, Carlos, additional, Pertenais, Martin, additional, Peter, Gisbert, additional, Rockstein, Steve, additional, Rodd-Routley, Selene, additional, Rodriguez Perez, Pablo, additional, Ryan, Conor, additional, Santamaria, Pilar, additional, Säuberlich, Thomas, additional, Schrandt, Friedrich, additional, Ulamec, Stephan, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Weber, Iris, additional, and Westerdorff, Karsten, additional

Published
2022
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37. Improving the Polyethylene Terephtalate (PET) perfomances, for the RAX Verification Target for MMX mission

Author

Moral, Andoni G., primary, Mora, Julio, additional, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Fernández Sanpedro, Mayte, additional, López-Reyes, Guillermo, additional, Ercilla, Oscar, additional, Sanz Arranz, J. Aurelio, additional, Herrera, Alejandro, additional, Pérez, Carlos, additional, Rull, Fernando, additional, Böttger, Ute, additional, Cho, Yuichiro, additional, Schöder, Susanne, additional, and Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, additional

Published
2022
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38. “NEXT (iN situ EXploration of planeTary objects): EUROPA”, a challenge to identify the best Raman technique to explore the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa for future missions. 

Author

Zafra, Jesús, primary, Ercilla, Oscar, additional, Sanz, Ruy, additional, Benito, Marina, additional, Rodriguez Prieto, José Antonio, additional, Cabrero, Juan, additional, Moral, Andoni, additional, Prieto Ballesteros, Olga, additional, and Estrada, Alberto, additional

Published
2022
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39. Roadmap to instrument Operation readiness. Lessons learned from the RLS Instrument on board the ExoMars Rover 

Author

Seoane, Laura, primary, Moral, Andoni, additional, Pérez, Carlos, additional, Zafra, Jesús, additional, Ibarmia, Sergio, additional, López-Reyes, Guillermo, additional, Gutiérrez, David, additional, García-Alonso, María, additional, Sentana, Enrique, additional, Rull, Fernando, additional, and Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, additional

Published
2022
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42. Chapter 3 - From science questions to Solar System exploration

Author

Dehant, Véronique, Blanc, Michel, Mackwell, Steve, Soderlund, Krista M., Beck, Pierre, Bunce, Emma, Charnoz, Sébastien, Foing, Bernard, Filice, Valerio, Fletcher, Leigh N., Forget, François, Griton, Léa, Hammel, Heidi, Höning, Dennis, Imamura, Takeshi, Jackman, Caitriona, Kaspi, Yohai, Korablev, Oleg, Leconte, Jérémy, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Marty, Bernard, Mangold, Nicolas, Michel, Patrick, Morbidelli, Alessandro, Mousis, Olivier, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Spohn, Tilman, Schmidt, Juergen, Sterken, Veerle J., Tosi, Nicola, Vandaele, Ann C., Vernazza, Pierre, Vazan, Allona, and Westall, Frances

Published
2023
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44. Subsurface Geomicrobiology of the Iberian Pyritic Belt

Author

the MARTE Team, Amils, Ricardo, Fernández-Remolar, David, Gómez, Felipe, González-Toril, Elena, Rodríguez, Nuria, Briones, Carlos, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Sanz, José Luis, Díaz, Emiliano, Stevens, Todd O., Stoker, Carol R., Varma, Ajit, editor, Dion, Patrice, editor, and Nautiyal, Chandra Shekhar, editor

Published
2008
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45. On the alignment, integration, and testing of the Raman spectrometer for MMX (RAX)

Author

Pertenaïs, Martin, primary, Ryan, Conor, additional, Böttger, Ute, additional, Buder, Maximilian, additional, Cho, Yuchiro, additional, Gutruf, Sven, additional, Hagelschuer, Till, additional, Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, additional, Moral, Andoni G., additional, Prieto Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Rockstein, Steve, additional, Routley, Selene, additional, Rull, Fernando, additional, Schrandt, Friedrich, additional, and Schröder, Susanne, additional

Published
2022
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46. Surface Energy Budget, Albedo and Thermal Inertia at Jezero Crater, Mars, as Observed from the Mars 2020 MEDA Instrument

Author

Martinez, German, primary, Sebastian Martínez, Eduardo, additional, Vicente-Retortillo, Alvaro, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Fischer, Erik, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, Toledo, Daniel, additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Mora Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Gillespie, Hartzel Edmond, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Sánchez-Lavega, Agustín, additional, Lemmon, Mark T, additional, Gómez, Felipe, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Mandon, Lucia, additional, Apéstigue, Víctor, additional, Arruego, Ignacio, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Conrad, Pamela G., additional, Newman, Claire, additional, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, additional, Jordan, Francisco, additional, Tamppari, Leslie, additional, McConnochie, Timothy, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, Hieta, Maria, additional, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, additional, Siegler, Matthew Adam, additional, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Molina, Antonio, additional, and Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose A., additional

Published
2022
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48. The rich meteorology of Jezero crater over the first 250 sols of Perseverance on Mars

Author

Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose, primary, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, additional, Sanchez-Lavega, Agustin, additional, Hueso, Ricardo, additional, Martinez, German, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Hieta, Maria, additional, Tamppari, Leslie, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Toledo, Daniel, additional, Sebastian, Eduardo, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Jaakonaho, Iina, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, de Vicente-Retortillo, Alvaro, additional, Viudez-Moreiras, Daniel, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Lepinette, Alain, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Sullivan, Robert, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Apestigue, Victor, additional, Conrad, Pamela, additional, Río-Gaztelurrutia, T. del, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Arruego, Ignacio, additional, Banfield, Donald, additional, Boland, Justin, additional, Brown, Adrian, additional, Ceballos, Joaquin, additional, Dominguez-Pumar, Manuel, additional, Espejo, Servando, additional, Fairen, Alberto, additional, Ferrandiz, Ricardo, additional, Fischer, Erik, additional, Garcia-Villadangos, Miriam, additional, Gimenez, Silvia, additional, Gomez-Gomez, Felipe, additional, Guzewich, Scott, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Jimenez, Juan, additional, Jimenez, Vicente, additional, Makinen, Teemu, additional, Marin-Jimenez, Mercedes, additional, Martin-Rubio, Carolina, additional, Martin-Soler, Javier, additional, Molina, Antonio, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Lopez, Sara Navarro, additional, Peinado, Veronica, additional, Perez-Grande, Isabel, additional, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, additional, Postigo, Marina, additional, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Romeral, Julio, additional, Romero, Catalina, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, Schofield, John, additional, Torres, Josefina, additional, Urqui, Roser, additional, Zurita, Sofia, additional, and team, MEDA, additional

Published
2022
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50. Coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles operating in the continental deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Author

European Commission, Amils, Ricardo, Escudero, Cristina, Oggerin, Monike, Puente Sánchez, Fernando, Arce Rodríguez, Alejandro, Fernández Remolar, David, Rodríguez, Nuria, García Villadangos, Miriam, Sanz, José Luis, Briones, Carlos, Sánchez-Román, Mónica, Gómez, Felipe, Leandro, Tania, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Molina, Antonio, Tornos, Fernando, Sánchez-Andrea, Irene, Timmis, Kenneth, Pieper;, Dietmar H., Parro, Victor, European Commission, Amils, Ricardo, Escudero, Cristina, Oggerin, Monike, Puente Sánchez, Fernando, Arce Rodríguez, Alejandro, Fernández Remolar, David, Rodríguez, Nuria, García Villadangos, Miriam, Sanz, José Luis, Briones, Carlos, Sánchez-Román, Mónica, Gómez, Felipe, Leandro, Tania, Moreno-Paz, Mercedes, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Molina, Antonio, Tornos, Fernando, Sánchez-Andrea, Irene, Timmis, Kenneth, Pieper;, Dietmar H., and Parro, Victor

Abstract

Microbial activity is a major contributor to the biogeochemical cycles that make up the life support system of planet Earth. A 613¿m deep geomicrobiological perforation and a systematic multi-analytical characterization revealed an unexpected diversity associated with the rock matrix microbiome that operates in the subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). Members of 1 class and 16 genera were deemed the most representative microorganisms of the IPB deep subsurface and selected for a deeper analysis. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization allowed not only the identification of microorganisms but also the detection of novel activities in the subsurface such as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) and anaerobic methane oxidation, the co-occurrence of microorganisms able to maintain complementary metabolic activities and the existence of biofilms. The use of enrichment cultures sensed the presence of five different complementary metabolic activities along the length of the borehole and isolated 29 bacterial species. Genomic analysis of nine isolates identified the genes involved in the complete operation of the light-independent coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles. This study revealed the importance of nitrate reduction microorganisms in the oxidation of iron in the anoxic conditions existing in the subsurface of the IPB.

Published
2022

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