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3. The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

Author

Buchanan, E.M., Lewis, S.C., Paris, B., Forscher, P.S., Pavlacic, J.M., Beshears, J.E., Mosannenzadeh, F., Bijlstra, G., Radtke, T., Primbs, M.A., Buchanan, E.M., Lewis, S.C., Paris, B., Forscher, P.S., Pavlacic, J.M., Beshears, J.E., Mosannenzadeh, F., Bijlstra, G., Radtke, T., and Primbs, M.A.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.

Published
2023

4. Are small effects the indispensable foundation for a cumulative psychological science? A reply to Götz et al. (2022)

Author

Primbs, M.A., Pennington, C.R., Lakens, D., Silan, M.A., Lieck, D., Forscher, P.S., Buchanan, E.M., Westwood, S., Primbs, M.A., Pennington, C.R., Lakens, D., Silan, M.A., Lieck, D., Forscher, P.S., Buchanan, E.M., and Westwood, S.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 271043.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), In the January 2022 issue of Perspectives, Götz et al. argued that small effects are "the indispensable foundation for a cumulative psychological science." They supported their argument by claiming that (a) psychology, like genetics, consists of complex phenomena explained by additive small effects; (b) psychological-research culture rewards large effects, which means small effects are being ignored; and (c) small effects become meaningful at scale and over time. We rebut these claims with three objections: First, the analogy between genetics and psychology is misleading; second, p values are the main currency for publication in psychology, meaning that any biases in the literature are (currently) caused by pressure to publish statistically significant results and not large effects; and third, claims regarding small effects as important and consequential must be supported by empirical evidence or, at least, a falsifiable line of reasoning. If accepted uncritically, we believe the arguments of Götz et al. could be used as a blanket justification for the importance of any and all "small" effects, thereby undermining best practices in effect-size interpretation. We end with guidance on evaluating effect sizes in relative, not absolute, terms.

Published
2023

5. Face masks impair facial emotion recognition and induce specific emotion confusions

Author

Rinck, M., Primbs, M.A., Verpaalen, I.A.M., and Bijlstra, G.

Subjects
Male, Behaviour Change and Well-being, SARS-CoV-2, Cognitive Neuroscience, Emotions, Masks, COVID-19, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment, Facial Expression, Humans, Female, Confusion, Facial Recognition
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 253505.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Face masks are now worn frequently to reduce the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Their health benefits are undisputable, but covering the lower half of one's face also makes it harder for others to recognize facial expressions of emotions. Three experiments were conducted to determine how strongly the recognition of different facial expressions is impaired by masks, and which emotions are confused with each other. In each experiment, participants had to recognize facial expressions of happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust, as well as a neutral expression, displayed by male and female actors of the Radboud Faces Database. On half of the 168 trials, the lower part of the face was covered by a face mask. In all experiments, facial emotion recognition (FER) was about 20% worse for masked faces than for unmasked ones (68% correct vs. 88%). The impairment was largest for disgust, followed by fear, surprise, sadness, and happiness. It was not significant for anger and the neutral expression. As predicted, participants frequently confused emotions that share activation of the visible muscles in the upper half of the face. In addition, they displayed response biases in these confusions: They frequently misinterpreted disgust as anger, fear as surprise, and sadness as neutral, whereas the opposite confusions were less frequent. We conclude that face masks do indeed cause a marked impairment of FER and that a person perceived as angry, surprised, or neutral may actually be disgusted, fearful, or sad, respectively. This may lead to misunderstandings, confusions, and inadequate reactions by the perceivers. 15 p.

Published
2022
Full Text
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6. Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Author

Bago, B., Kovacs, M., Protzko, J., Nagy, T., Kekecs, Z., Palfi, B., Andresen, P.K., Primbs, M.A., Hoekstra, R., Aczel, B., Bago, B., Kovacs, M., Protzko, J., Nagy, T., Kekecs, Z., Palfi, B., Andresen, P.K., Primbs, M.A., Hoekstra, R., and Aczel, B.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.

Published
2022

8. A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Legate, N., Ngyuen, T.V., Weinstein, N., Moller, A., Legault, L., Vally, Z., Buchanan, E.M., Primbs, M.A., Legate, N., Ngyuen, T.V., Weinstein, N., Moller, A., Legault, L., Vally, Z., Buchanan, E.M., and Primbs, M.A.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges.

Published
2022

9. Are small effects the indispensable foundation for a cumulative psychological science? A reply to Götz et al. (2022)

Author

Primbs, M.A., Pennington, C.R., Lakens, D., Silan, M.A., Lieck, D., Forscher, P.S., Buchanan, E.M., Westwood, S., Primbs, M.A., Pennington, C.R., Lakens, D., Silan, M.A., Lieck, D., Forscher, P.S., Buchanan, E.M., and Westwood, S.

Abstract

20 september 2022, Contains fulltext : 271043.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), In the January 2022 issue of Perspectives, Götz et al. argued that small effects are "the indispensable foundation for a cumulative psychological science." They supported their argument by claiming that (a) psychology, like genetics, consists of complex phenomena explained by additive small effects; (b) psychological-research culture rewards large effects, which means small effects are being ignored; and (c) small effects become meaningful at scale and over time. We rebut these claims with three objections: First, the analogy between genetics and psychology is misleading; second, p values are the main currency for publication in psychology, meaning that any biases in the literature are (currently) caused by pressure to publish statistically significant results and not large effects; and third, claims regarding small effects as important and consequential must be supported by empirical evidence or, at least, a falsifiable line of reasoning. If accepted uncritically, we believe the arguments of Götz et al. could be used as a blanket justification for the importance of any and all "small" effects, thereby undermining best practices in effect-size interpretation. We end with guidance on evaluating effect sizes in relative, not absolute, terms.

Published
2022

10. The effect of face masks on the stereotype effect in emotion perception

Author

Primbs, M.A., Rinck, M., Holland, R.W., Knol, W.M., Nies, A., Bijlstra, G., Primbs, M.A., Rinck, M., Holland, R.W., Knol, W.M., Nies, A., and Bijlstra, G.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 282241.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The accurate and swift decoding of emotional expressions from faces is fundamental for social communication. Yet, emotion perception is prone to error. For example, the ease with which emotions are perceived is affected by stereotypes (Bijlstra, Holland, & Wigboldus, 2010). Moreover, the introduction of face masks mandates in response to the Covid-19 pandemic additionally impedes accurate emotion perception by introducing ambiguity to the emotion perception process. Predictive coding frameworks of visual perception predict that in such situations of increased ambiguity of the sensory input (i.e., faces with masks), people increasingly rely on their prior beliefs (i.e., their stereotypes). Using specification curve analysis, we tested this prediction across two experiments, featuring different social categories (Study 1: Gender; Study 2: Ethnicity) and corresponding emotion stereotypes. We found no evidence that face masks increase reliance on prior stereotypes. In contrast, in Study 1 (but not in Study 2), we found preliminary evidence that face masks decrease reliance on prior stereotypes. We discuss these findings in relation to predictive coding frameworks and dual process models and emphasize the need for up-to-date analytic methods in social cognition research.

Published
2022

12. In COVID-19 health messaging, loss framing increases anxiety with little-to-no concomitant benefits: Experimental evidence from 84 countries

Author

Dorison, C.A., Lerner, J.S., Heller, B.H., Rothman, A.J., Kawachi, I.I., Wang, K., Bijlstra, G., Mosannenzadeh, F., Primbs, M.A., Prusova, I., Pinto, I., Dorison, C.A., Lerner, J.S., Heller, B.H., Rothman, A.J., Kawachi, I.I., Wang, K., Bijlstra, G., Mosannenzadeh, F., Primbs, M.A., Prusova, I., and Pinto, I.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions.

Published
2022

13. Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample

Author

Bago, B. Kovacs, M. Protzko, J. Nagy, T. Kekecs, Z. Palfi, B. Adamkovic, M. Adamus, S. Albalooshi, S. Albayrak-Aydemir, N. Alfian, I.N. Alper, S. Alvarez-Solas, S. Alves, S.G. Amaya, S. Andresen, P.K. Anjum, G. Ansari, D. Arriaga, P. Aruta, J.J.B.R. Arvanitis, A. Babincak, P. Barzykowski, K. Bashour, B. Baskin, E. Batalha, L. Batres, C. Bavolar, J. Bayrak, F. Becker, B. Becker, M. Belaus, A. Białek, M. Bilancini, E. Boller, D. Boncinelli, L. Boudesseul, J. Brown, B.T. Buchanan, E.M. Butt, M.M. Calvillo, D.P. Carnes, N.C. Celniker, J.B. Chartier, C.R. Chopik, W.J. Chotikavan, P. Chuan-Peng, H. Clancy, R.F. Çoker, O. Correia, R.C. Adoric, V.C. Cubillas, C.P. Czoschke, S. Daryani, Y. de Grefte, J.A.M. de Vries, W.C. Burak, E.G.D. Dias, C. Dixson, B.J.W. Du, X. Dumančić, F. Dumbravă, A. Dutra, N.B. Enachescu, J. Esteban-Serna, C. Eudave, L. Evans, T.R. Feldman, G. Felisberti, F.M. Fiedler, S. Findor, A. Fleischmann, A. Foroni, F. Francová, R. Frank, D.-A. Fu, C.H.Y. Gao, S. Ghasemi, O. Ghazi-Noori, A.-R. Ghossainy, M.E. Giammusso, I. Gill, T. Gjoneska, B. Gollwitzer, M. Graton, A. Grinberg, M. Groyecka-Bernard, A. Harris, E.A. Hartanto, A. Hassan, W.A.N.M. Hatami, J. Heimark, K.R. Hidding, J.J.J. Hristova, E. Hruška, M. Hudson, C.A. Huskey, R. Ikeda, A. Inbar, Y. Ingram, G.P.D. Isler, O. Isloi, C. Iyer, A. Jaeger, B. Janssen, S.M.J. Jiménez-Leal, W. Jokić, B. Kačmár, P. Kadreva, V. Kaminski, G. Karimi-Malekabadi, F. Kasper, A.T.A. Kendrick, K.M. Kennedy, B.J. Kocalar, H.E. Kodapanakkal, R.I. Kowal, M. Kruse, E. Kučerová, L. Kühberger, A. Kuzminska, A.O. Lalot, F. Lamm, C. Lammers, J. Lange, E.B. Lantian, A. Lau, I.Y.-M. Lazarevic, L.B. Leliveld, M.C. Lenz, J.N. Levitan, C.A. Lewis, S.C. Li, M. Li, Y. Li, H. Lima, T.J.S. Lins, S. Liuzza, M.T. Lopes, P. Lu, J.G. Lynds, T. Máčel, M. Mackinnon, S.P. Maganti, M. Magraw-Mickelson, Z. Magson, L.F. Manley, H. Marcu, G.M. Seršić, D.M. Matibag, C.-J. Mattiassi, A.D.A. Mazidi, M. McFall, J.P. McLatchie, N. Mensink, M.C. Miketta, L. Milfont, T.L. Mirisola, A. Misiak, M. Mitkidis, P. Moeini-Jazani, M. Monajem, A. Moreau, D. Musser, E.D. Narhetali, E. Ochoa, D.P. Olsen, J. Owsley, N.C. Özdoğru, A.A. Panning, M. Papadatou-Pastou, M. Parashar, N. Pärnamets, P. Paruzel-Czachura, M. Parzuchowski, M. Paterlini, J.V. Pavlacic, J.M. Peker, M. Peters, K. Piatnitckaia, L. Pinto, I. Policarpio, M.R. Pop-Jordanova, N. Pratama, A.J. Primbs, M.A. Pronizius, E. Purić, D. Puvia, E. Qamari, V. Qian, K. Quiamzade, A. Ráczová, B. Reinero, D.A. Reips, U.-D. Reyna, C. Reynolds, K. Ribeiro, M.F.F. Röer, J.P. Ross, R.M. Roussos, P. Ruiz-Dodobara, F. Ruiz-Fernandez, S. Rutjens, B.T. Rybus, K. Samekin, A. Santos, A.C. Say, N. Schild, C. Schmidt, K. Ścigała, K.A. Sharifian, M.H. Shi, J. Shi, Y. Sievers, E. Sirota, M. Slipenkyj, M. Solak, Ç. Sorokowska, A. Sorokowski, P. Söylemez, S. Steffens, N.K. Stephen, I.D. Sternisko, A. Stevens-Wilson, L. Stewart, S.L.K. Stieger, S. Storage, D. Strube, J. Susa, K.J. Szekely-Copîndean, R.D. Szostak, N.M. Takwin, B. Tatachari, S. Thomas, A.G. Tiede, K.E. Tiong, L.E. Tonković, M. Trémolière, B. Tunstead, L.V. Türkan, B.N. Twardawski, M. Vadillo, M.A. Vally, Z. Vaughn, L.A. Verschuere, B. Vlašiček, D. Voracek, M. Vranka, M.A. Wang, S. West, S.-L. Whyte, S. Wilton, L.S. Wlodarczyk, A. Wu, X. Xin, F. Yadanar, S. Yama, H. Yamada, Y. Yilmaz, O. Yoon, S. Young, D.M. Zakharov, I. Zein, R.A. Zettler, I. Žeželj, I.L. Zhang, D.C. Zhang, J. Zheng, X. Hoekstra, R. Aczel, B.

Abstract

The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Published
2022

14. A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Wang, K. Goldenberg, A. Dorison, C.A. Miller, J.K. Uusberg, A. Lerner, J.S. Gross, J.J. Agesin, B.B. Bernardo, M. Campos, O. Eudave, L. Grzech, K. Ozery, D.H. Jackson, E.A. Garcia, E.O.L. Drexler, S.M. Jurković, A.P. Rana, K. Wilson, J.P. Antoniadi, M. Desai, K. Gialitaki, Z. Kushnir, E. Nadif, K. Bravo, O.N. Nauman, R. Oosterlinck, M. Pantazi, M. Pilecka, N. Szabelska, A. van Steenkiste, I.M.M. Filip, K. Bozdoc, A.I. Marcu, G.M. Agadullina, E. Adamkovič, M. Roczniewska, M. Reyna, C. Kassianos, A.P. Westerlund, M. Ahlgren, L. Pöntinen, S. Adetula, G.A. Dursun, P. Arinze, A.I. Arinze, N.C. Ogbonnaya, C.E. Ndukaihe, I.L.G. Dalgar, I. Akkas, H. Macapagal, P.M. Lewis, S. Metin-Orta, I. Foroni, F. Willis, M. Santos, A.C. Mokady, A. Reggev, N. Kurfali, M.A. Vasilev, M.R. Nock, N.L. Parzuchowski, M. Espinoza Barría, M.F. Vranka, M. Kohlová, M.B. Ropovik, I. Harutyunyan, M. Wang, C. Yao, E. Becker, M. Manunta, E. Kaminski, G. Marko, D. Evans, K. Lewis, D.M.G. Findor, A. Landry, A.T. Aruta, J.J.B. Ortiz, M.S. Vally, Z. Pronizius, E. Voracek, M. Lamm, C. Grinberg, M. Li, R. Valentova, J.V. Mioni, G. Cellini, N. Chen, S.-C. Zickfeld, J. Moon, K. Azab, H. Levy, N. Karababa, A. Beaudry, J.L. Boucher, L. Collins, W.M. Todsen, A.L. van Schie, K. Vintr, J. Bavolar, J. Kaliska, L. Križanić, V. Samojlenko, L. Pourafshari, R. Geiger, S.J. Beitner, J. Warmelink, L. Ross, R.M. Stephen, I.D. Hostler, T.J. Azouaghe, S. McCarthy, R. Szala, A. Grano, C. Solorzano, C.S. Anjum, G. Jimenez-Leal, W. Bradford, M. Pérez, L.C. Cruz Vásquez, J.E. Galindo-Caballero, O.J. Vargas-Nieto, J.C. Kácha, O. Arvanitis, A. Xiao, Q. Cárcamo, R. Zorjan, S. Tajchman, Z. Vilares, I. Pavlacic, J.M. Kunst, J.R. Tamnes, C.K. von Bastian, C.C. Atari, M. Sharifian, M.H. Hricova, M. Kačmár, P. Schrötter, J. Rahal, R.-M. Cohen, N. FatahModarres, S. Zrimsek, M. Zakharov, I. Koehn, M.A. Esteban-Serna, C. Calin-Jageman, R.J. Krafnick, A.J. Štrukelj, E. Isager, P.M. Urban, J. Silva, J.R. Martončik, M. Očovaj, S.B. Šakan, D. Kuzminska, A.O. Djordjevic, J.M. Almeida, I.A.T. Ferreira, A. Lazarevic, L.B. Manley, H. Ricaurte, D.Z. Monteiro, R.P. Etabari, Z. Musser, E. Dunleavy, D. Chou, W. Godbersen, H. Ruiz-Fernández, S. Reeck, C. Batres, C. Kirgizova, K. Muminov, A. Azevedo, F. Alvarez, D.S. Butt, M.M. Lee, J.M. Chen, Z. Verbruggen, F. Ziano, I. Tümer, M. Charyate, A.C.A. Dubrov, D. Tejada Rivera, M.C.M.C. Aberson, C. Pálfi, B. Maldonado, M.A. Hubena, B. Sacakli, A. Ceary, C.D. Richard, K.L. Singer, G. Perillo, J.T. Ballantyne, T. Cyrus-Lai, W. Fedotov, M. Du, H. Wielgus, M. Pit, I.L. Hruška, M. Sousa, D. Aczel, B. Szaszi, B. Adamus, S. Barzykowski, K. Micheli, L. Schmidt, N.-D. Zsido, A.N. Paruzel-Czachura, M. Bialek, M. Kowal, M. Sorokowska, A. Misiak, M. Mola, D. Ortiz, M.V. Correa, P.S. Belaus, A. Muchembled, F. Ribeiro, R.R. Arriaga, P. Oliveira, R. Vaughn, L.A. Szwed, P. Kossowska, M. Czarnek, G. Kielińska, J. Antazo, B. Betlehem, R. Stieger, S. Nilsonne, G. Simonovic, N. Taber, J. Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A. Domurat, A. Ihaya, K. Yamada, Y. Urooj, A. Gill, T. Čadek, M. Bylinina, L. Messerschmidt, J. Kurfalı, M. Adetula, A. Baklanova, E. Albayrak-Aydemir, N. Kappes, H.B. Gjoneska, B. House, T. Jones, M.V. Berkessel, J.B. Chopik, W.J. Çoksan, S. Seehuus, M. Khaoudi, A. Bokkour, A. El Arabi, K.A. Djamai, I. Iyer, A. Parashar, N. Adiguzel, A. Kocalar, H.E. Bundt, C. Norton, J.O. Papadatou-Pastou, M. De la Rosa-Gomez, A. Ankushev, V. Bogatyreva, N. Grigoryev, D. Ivanov, A. Prusova, I. Romanova, M. Sarieva, I. Terskova, M. Hristova, E. Kadreva, V.H. Janak, A. Schei, V. Sverdrup, T.E. Askelund, A.D. Pineda, L.M.S. Krupić, D. Levitan, C.A. Johannes, N. Ouherrou, N. Say, N. Sinkolova, S. Janjić, K. Stojanovska, M. Stojanovska, D. Khosla, M. Thomas, A.G. Kung, F.Y.H. Bijlstra, G. Mosannenzadeh, F. Balci, B.B. Reips, U.-D. Baskin, E. Ishkhanyan, B. Czamanski-Cohen, J. Dixson, B.J.W. Moreau, D. Sutherland, C.A.M. Chuan-Peng, H. Noone, C. Flowe, H. Anne, M. Janssen, S.M.J. Topor, M. Majeed, N.M. Kunisato, Y. Yu, K. Daches, S. Hartanto, A. Vdovic, M. Anton-Boicuk, L. Forbes, P.A.G. Kamburidis, J. Marinova, E. Nedelcheva-Datsova, M. Rachev, N.R. Stoyanova, A. Schmidt, K. Suchow, J.W. Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M. Jernsäther, T. Olofsson, J.K. Bialobrzeska, O. Marszalek, M. Tatachari, S. Afhami, R. Law, W. Antfolk, J. Žuro, B. Van Doren, N. Soto, J.A. Searston, R. Miranda, J. Damnjanović, K. Yeung, S.K. Krupić, D. Hoyer, K. Jaeger, B. Ren, D. Pfuhl, G. Klevjer, K. Corral-Frías, N.S. Frias-Armenta, M. Lucas, M.Y. Torres, A.O. Toro, M. Delgado, L.G.J. Vega, D. Solas, S.Á. Vilar, R. Massoni, S. Frizzo, T. Bran, A. Vaidis, D.C. Vieira, L. Paris, B. Capizzi, M. Coelho, G.L.H. Greenburgh, A. Whitt, C.M. Tullett, A.M. Du, X. Volz, L. Bosma, M.J. Karaarslan, C. Sarıoğuz, E. Allred, T.B. Korbmacher, M. Colloff, M.F. Lima, T.J.S. Ribeiro, M.F.F. Verharen, J.P.H. Karekla, M. Karashiali, C. Sunami, N. Jaremka, L.M. Storage, D. Habib, S. Studzinska, A. Hanel, P.H.P. Holford, D.L. Sirota, M. Wolfe, K. Chiu, F. Theodoropoulou, A. Ahn, E.R. Lin, Y. Westgate, E.C. Brohmer, H. Hofer, G. Dujols, O. Vezirian, K. Feldman, G. Travaglino, G.A. Ahmed, A. Li, M. Bosch, J. Torunsky, N. Bai, H. Manavalan, M. Song, X. Walczak, R.B. Zdybek, P. Friedemann, M. Rosa, A.D. Kozma, L. Alves, S.G. Lins, S. Pinto, I.R. Correia, R.C. Babinčák, P. Banik, G. Rojas-Berscia, L.M. Varella, M.A.C. Uttley, J. Beshears, J.E. Thommesen, K.K. Behzadnia, B. Geniole, S.N. Silan, M.A. Maturan, P.L.G. Vilsmeier, J.K. Tran, U.S. Izquierdo, S.M. Mensink, M.C. Sorokowski, P. Groyecka-Bernard, A. Radtke, T. Adoric, V.C. Carpentier, J. Özdoğru, A.A. Joy-Gaba, J.A. Hedgebeth, M.V. Ishii, T. Wichman, A.L. Röer, J.P. Ostermann, T. Davis, W.E. Suter, L. Papachristopoulos, K. Zabel, C. Ebersole, C.R. Chartier, C.R. Mallik, P.R. Urry, H.L. Buchanan, E.M. Coles, N.A. Primbs, M.A. Basnight-Brown, D.M. IJzerman, H. Forscher, P.S. Moshontz, H.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. Protocol registration: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1 © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Published
2021

15. A decade of theory as reflected in Psychological Science (2009-2019)

Author

McPhetres, J., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Mendes, A.B., Chow, E.C., Gonzalez-Marquez, P., Loukras, E., Maus, A., O'Mahony, A., Pomareda, C., Primbs, M.A., Sackman, S.L., Smithson, C.J.R., Volodko, K., McPhetres, J., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Mendes, A.B., Chow, E.C., Gonzalez-Marquez, P., Loukras, E., Maus, A., O'Mahony, A., Pomareda, C., Primbs, M.A., Sackman, S.L., Smithson, C.J.R., and Volodko, K.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 240170.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The dominant belief is that science progresses by testing theories and moving towards theoretical consensus. While it's implicitly assumed that psychology operates in this manner, critical discussions claim that the field suffers from a lack of cumulative theory. To examine this paradox, we analysed research published in Psychological Science from 2009-2019 (N = 2,225). We found mention of 359 theories in-text, most were referred to only once. Only 53.66% of all manuscripts included the word theory, and only 15.33% explicitly claimed to test predictions derived from theories. We interpret this to suggest that the majority of research published in this flagship journal is not driven by theory, nor can it be contributing to cumulative theory building. These data provide insight into the kinds of research psychologists are conducting and raises questions about the role of theory in the psychological sciences.

Published
2021

16. A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Wang, K., Goldenberg, A., Dorison, C.A., Miller, J.K., Uusberg, A., Bijlstra, G., Mosannenzadeh, F., Primbs, M.A., Forscher, P.S., Moshontz, H., Wang, K., Goldenberg, A., Dorison, C.A., Miller, J.K., Uusberg, A., Bijlstra, G., Mosannenzadeh, F., Primbs, M.A., Forscher, P.S., and Moshontz, H.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world.

Published
2021

17. A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author

Wang, K., Goldenberg, A., Dorison, C.A., Miller, J.K., Uusberg, A., Lerner, J.S., Gross, J.J., Agesin, B.B., Bernardo, M., Campos, O., Eudave, L., Grzech, K., Hausman Ozery, D., Jackson, E.A., Garcia, E.O.L., Meir Drexler, S., Jurković, A.P., Rana, N., Wilson, J.P., Antoniadi, M., Desai, K., Gialitaki, Z., Kushnir, E., Nadif, K., Niño Bravo, O., Nauman, R., Oosterlinck, M., Pantazi, M., Pilecka, N., Szabelska, A., van Steenkiste, I. M. M., Filip, K., Bozdoc, A.I., Marcu, G.M., Agadullina, E., Adamkovič, M., Roczniewska, M., Reyna, C., Kassianos, A.P., Westerlund, M., Ahlgren, L., Pöntinen, S., Adetula, G.A., Dursun, P., Arinze, A.I., Arinze, N.C., Ogbonnaya, C.E., Ndukaihe, I.L.G., Dalgar, I., Akkas, H., Macapagal, P.M., Lewis, S., Metin-Orta, I., Foroni, F., Willis, M., Caetano Santos, A., Mokady, A., Reggev, N., Kurfali, M.A., Vasilev, Martin R., Nock, N.L., Parzuchowski, M., Espinoza Barría, M.F., Vranka, M., Braun Kohlová, M., Ropovik, I., Harutyunyan, M., Wang, C., Yao, E., Becker, M., Manunta, E., Kaminski, G., Marko, D., Evans, K., Lewis, D.M.G., Findor, A., Thibault Landry, A., Aruta, J.J.B., Ortiz, M.S., Vally, Z., Pronizius, E., Voracek, M., Lamm, C., Grinberg, M., Li, R., Valentova, J.V., Mioni, G., Cellini, N., Chen, S-C., Zickfeld, J., Moon, K., Azab, H., Levy, N., Karababa, A., Beaudry, J.L., Boucher, L., Collins, W.M., Todsen, A.L., van Schie, K., Vintr, J., Bavolar, J., Kaliska, L., Križanić, V., Samojlenko, L., Pourafshari, R., Geiger, S.J., Beitner, J., Warmelink, L., Ross, R.M., Stephen, I.D., Hostler, T.J., Azouaghe, S., McCarthy, R., Szala, A., Grano, C., Singh Solorzano, C., Anjum, G., Jimenez-Leal, W., Bradford, M., Calderón Pérez, L., Cruz Vásquez, J.E., Galindo-Caballero, O.J., Vargas-Nieto, J.C., Kácha, O., Arvanitis, A., Xiao, Q., Cárcamo, R., Zorjan, S., Tajchman, Z., Vilares, I., Pavlacic, J.M., Kunst, J.R., Tamnes, C.K., von Bastian, C.C., Atari, M., Sharifian, M., Hricova, M., Kačmár, P., Schrötter, J., Rahal, R-M., Cohen, N., FatahModarres, S., Zrimsek, M., Zakharov, I., Koehn, M.A., Esteban-Serna, C., Calin-Jageman, R.J., Krafnick, A.J., Štrukelj, E., Isager, P.M., Urban, J., Silva, J.R., Martončik, M., Batić Očovaj, S., Šakan, D., Kuzminska, A.O., Milosevic Djordjevic, J., Almeida, I.A.T., Ferreira, A., Lazarevic, L.B., Manley, H., Zambrano Ricaurte, D., Monteiro, R.P., Etabari, Z., Musser, E., Dunleavy, D., Chou, W., Godbersen, H., Ruiz-Fernández, S., Reeck, C., Batres, C., Kirgizova, K., Muminov, A., Azevedo, F., Serrato Alvarez, D., Mussaffa Butt, M., Lee, J.M., Chen, Z., Verbruggen, F., Ziano, I., Tümer, M., Charyate, A.C.A., Dubrov, D., Tejada Rivera, M.C., Aberson, C., Pálfi, B., Alarcón Maldonado, M., Hubena, B., Sacakli, A., Ceary, C.D., Richard, K.L., Singer, G., Perillo, J.T., Ballantyne, T., Cyrus-Lai, W., Fedotov, M., Du, H., Wielgus, M., Pit, I.L., Hruška, M., Sousa, D., Aczel, B., Szaszi, B., Adamus, S., Barzykowski, K., Micheli, L., Schmidt, N-D., Zsido, A.N., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Bialek, M., Kowal, M., Sorokowska, A., Misiak, M., Mola, D., Ortiz, M.V., Correa, P.S., Belaus, A., Muchembled, F., Ribeiro, R.R., Arriaga, P., Oliveira, R., Vaughn, L.A., Szwed, P., Kossowska, M., Czarnek, G., Kielińska, J., Antazo, B., Betlehem, R., Stieger, S., Nilsonne, G., Simonovic, N., Taber, J., Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A., Domurat, A., Ihaya, K., Yamada, Y., Urooj, A., Gill, T., Čadek, M., Bylinina, L., Messerschmidt, J., Kurfali, M., Adetula, A., Baklanova, E., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Kappes, H.B., Gjoneska, B., House, T., Jones, M.V., Berkessel, J.B., Chopik, W.J., Çoksan, S., Seehuus, M., Khaoudi, A., Bokkour, A., El Arabi, K.A., Djamai, I., Iyer, A., Parashar, N., Adiguzel, A., Kocalar, H.E., Bundt, C., Norton, J.O., Papadatou-Pastou, M., De la Rosa-Gomez, A., Ankushev, V., Bogatyreva, N., Grigoryev, D., Ivanov, A., Prusova, I., Romanova, M., Sarieva, I., Terskova, M., Hristova, E., Kadreva, V.H., Janak, A., Schei, V., Sverdrup, T.E., Askelund, A.D., Sanabria Pineda, L.M., Krupić, D., Levitan, C.A., Johannes, N., Ouherrou, N., Say, N., Sinkolova, S., Janjić, K., Stojanovska, M., Stojanovska, D., Khosla, M., Thomas, A.G., Kung, F.Y.H., Bijlstra, G., Mosannenzadeh, F., Balci, B.B., Reips, U-D., Baskin, E., Ishkhanyan, B., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Dixson, B.J.W., Moreau, D., Sutherland, C.A.M., Chuan-Peng, H., Noone, C., Flowe, H., Anne, M., Janssen, S.M.J., Topor, M., Majeed, N.M., Kunisato, Y., Yu, K., Daches, S., Hartanto, A., Vdovic, M., Anton-Boicuk, L., Forbes, P.A.G., Kamburidis, J., Marinova, E., Nedelcheva-Datsova, M., Rachev, N.R., Stoyanova, A., Schmidt, K., Suchow, J.W., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Jernsäther, T., Olofsson, J.K., Bialobrzeska, O., Marszalek, M., Tatachari, S., Afhami, R., Law, W., Antfolk, J., Žuro, B., Van Doren, N., Soto, J.A., Searston, R., Miranda, J., Damnjanović, K., Yeung, S.K., Hoyer, K., Jaeger, B., Ren, D., Pfuhl, G., Klevjer, K., Corral-Frías, N.S., Frias-Armenta, M., Lucas, M.Y., Olaya Torres, A., Toro, M., Javela Delgado, L.G., Vega, D., Álvarez Solas, S., Vilar, R., Massoni, S., Frizzo, T., Bran, A., Vaidis, D.C., Vieira, L., Paris, B., Capizzi, M., Lins de Holanda Coelho, G., Greenburgh, A., Whitt, C.M., Tullett, A.M., Du, X., Volz, L., Bosma, M.J., Karaarslan, C., Sarıoğuz, E., Bulut Allred, T., Korbmacher, M., Colloff, M.F., Lima, T.J.S., Ribeiro, M.F.F., Verharen, J.P.H., Karekla, M., Karashiali, C., Sunami, N., Jaremka, L.M., Storage, D., Habib, S., Studzinska, A., Hanel, P.H.P., Holford, D.L., Sirota, M., Wolfe, K., Chiu, F., Theodoropoulou, A., Ahn, E.R., Lin, Y., Westgate, E.C., Brohmer, H., Hofer, G., Dujols, O., Vezirian, K., Feldman, G., Travaglino, G.A., Ahmed, A., Li, M., Bosch, J., Torunsky, N., Bai, H., Manavalan, M., Song, X., Walczak, R.B., Zdybek, P., Friedemann, M., Dalla Rosa, A., Kozma, L., Alves, S.G., Lins, S., Pinto, I.R., Correia, R.C., Babinčák, P., Banik, G., Rojas-Berscia, L.M., Varella, M.A.C., Uttley, J., Beshears, J.E., Krabbe Thommesen, K., Behzadnia, B., Geniole, S.N., Silan, M.A., Maturan, P.L.G., Vilsmeier, J.K., Tran, U.S., Morales Izquierdo, S., Mensink, M.C., Sorokowski, P., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Radtke, T., Cubela Adoric, V., Carpentier, J., Özdoğru, A.A., Joy-Gaba, J.A., Hedgebeth, M.V., Ishii, T., Wichman, A.L., Röer, J.P., Ostermann, T., Davis, W.E., Suter, L., Papachristopoulos, K., Zabel, C., Ebersole, C.R., Chartier, C.R., Mallik, P.R., Urry, H.L., Buchanan, E.M., Coles, N.A., Primbs, M.A., Basnight-Brown, D.M., IJzerman, H., Forscher, P.S., Moshontz, H., Wang, K., Goldenberg, A., Dorison, C.A., Miller, J.K., Uusberg, A., Lerner, J.S., Gross, J.J., Agesin, B.B., Bernardo, M., Campos, O., Eudave, L., Grzech, K., Hausman Ozery, D., Jackson, E.A., Garcia, E.O.L., Meir Drexler, S., Jurković, A.P., Rana, N., Wilson, J.P., Antoniadi, M., Desai, K., Gialitaki, Z., Kushnir, E., Nadif, K., Niño Bravo, O., Nauman, R., Oosterlinck, M., Pantazi, M., Pilecka, N., Szabelska, A., van Steenkiste, I. M. M., Filip, K., Bozdoc, A.I., Marcu, G.M., Agadullina, E., Adamkovič, M., Roczniewska, M., Reyna, C., Kassianos, A.P., Westerlund, M., Ahlgren, L., Pöntinen, S., Adetula, G.A., Dursun, P., Arinze, A.I., Arinze, N.C., Ogbonnaya, C.E., Ndukaihe, I.L.G., Dalgar, I., Akkas, H., Macapagal, P.M., Lewis, S., Metin-Orta, I., Foroni, F., Willis, M., Caetano Santos, A., Mokady, A., Reggev, N., Kurfali, M.A., Vasilev, Martin R., Nock, N.L., Parzuchowski, M., Espinoza Barría, M.F., Vranka, M., Braun Kohlová, M., Ropovik, I., Harutyunyan, M., Wang, C., Yao, E., Becker, M., Manunta, E., Kaminski, G., Marko, D., Evans, K., Lewis, D.M.G., Findor, A., Thibault Landry, A., Aruta, J.J.B., Ortiz, M.S., Vally, Z., Pronizius, E., Voracek, M., Lamm, C., Grinberg, M., Li, R., Valentova, J.V., Mioni, G., Cellini, N., Chen, S-C., Zickfeld, J., Moon, K., Azab, H., Levy, N., Karababa, A., Beaudry, J.L., Boucher, L., Collins, W.M., Todsen, A.L., van Schie, K., Vintr, J., Bavolar, J., Kaliska, L., Križanić, V., Samojlenko, L., Pourafshari, R., Geiger, S.J., Beitner, J., Warmelink, L., Ross, R.M., Stephen, I.D., Hostler, T.J., Azouaghe, S., McCarthy, R., Szala, A., Grano, C., Singh Solorzano, C., Anjum, G., Jimenez-Leal, W., Bradford, M., Calderón Pérez, L., Cruz Vásquez, J.E., Galindo-Caballero, O.J., Vargas-Nieto, J.C., Kácha, O., Arvanitis, A., Xiao, Q., Cárcamo, R., Zorjan, S., Tajchman, Z., Vilares, I., Pavlacic, J.M., Kunst, J.R., Tamnes, C.K., von Bastian, C.C., Atari, M., Sharifian, M., Hricova, M., Kačmár, P., Schrötter, J., Rahal, R-M., Cohen, N., FatahModarres, S., Zrimsek, M., Zakharov, I., Koehn, M.A., Esteban-Serna, C., Calin-Jageman, R.J., Krafnick, A.J., Štrukelj, E., Isager, P.M., Urban, J., Silva, J.R., Martončik, M., Batić Očovaj, S., Šakan, D., Kuzminska, A.O., Milosevic Djordjevic, J., Almeida, I.A.T., Ferreira, A., Lazarevic, L.B., Manley, H., Zambrano Ricaurte, D., Monteiro, R.P., Etabari, Z., Musser, E., Dunleavy, D., Chou, W., Godbersen, H., Ruiz-Fernández, S., Reeck, C., Batres, C., Kirgizova, K., Muminov, A., Azevedo, F., Serrato Alvarez, D., Mussaffa Butt, M., Lee, J.M., Chen, Z., Verbruggen, F., Ziano, I., Tümer, M., Charyate, A.C.A., Dubrov, D., Tejada Rivera, M.C., Aberson, C., Pálfi, B., Alarcón Maldonado, M., Hubena, B., Sacakli, A., Ceary, C.D., Richard, K.L., Singer, G., Perillo, J.T., Ballantyne, T., Cyrus-Lai, W., Fedotov, M., Du, H., Wielgus, M., Pit, I.L., Hruška, M., Sousa, D., Aczel, B., Szaszi, B., Adamus, S., Barzykowski, K., Micheli, L., Schmidt, N-D., Zsido, A.N., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Bialek, M., Kowal, M., Sorokowska, A., Misiak, M., Mola, D., Ortiz, M.V., Correa, P.S., Belaus, A., Muchembled, F., Ribeiro, R.R., Arriaga, P., Oliveira, R., Vaughn, L.A., Szwed, P., Kossowska, M., Czarnek, G., Kielińska, J., Antazo, B., Betlehem, R., Stieger, S., Nilsonne, G., Simonovic, N., Taber, J., Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, A., Domurat, A., Ihaya, K., Yamada, Y., Urooj, A., Gill, T., Čadek, M., Bylinina, L., Messerschmidt, J., Kurfali, M., Adetula, A., Baklanova, E., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Kappes, H.B., Gjoneska, B., House, T., Jones, M.V., Berkessel, J.B., Chopik, W.J., Çoksan, S., Seehuus, M., Khaoudi, A., Bokkour, A., El Arabi, K.A., Djamai, I., Iyer, A., Parashar, N., Adiguzel, A., Kocalar, H.E., Bundt, C., Norton, J.O., Papadatou-Pastou, M., De la Rosa-Gomez, A., Ankushev, V., Bogatyreva, N., Grigoryev, D., Ivanov, A., Prusova, I., Romanova, M., Sarieva, I., Terskova, M., Hristova, E., Kadreva, V.H., Janak, A., Schei, V., Sverdrup, T.E., Askelund, A.D., Sanabria Pineda, L.M., Krupić, D., Levitan, C.A., Johannes, N., Ouherrou, N., Say, N., Sinkolova, S., Janjić, K., Stojanovska, M., Stojanovska, D., Khosla, M., Thomas, A.G., Kung, F.Y.H., Bijlstra, G., Mosannenzadeh, F., Balci, B.B., Reips, U-D., Baskin, E., Ishkhanyan, B., Czamanski-Cohen, J., Dixson, B.J.W., Moreau, D., Sutherland, C.A.M., Chuan-Peng, H., Noone, C., Flowe, H., Anne, M., Janssen, S.M.J., Topor, M., Majeed, N.M., Kunisato, Y., Yu, K., Daches, S., Hartanto, A., Vdovic, M., Anton-Boicuk, L., Forbes, P.A.G., Kamburidis, J., Marinova, E., Nedelcheva-Datsova, M., Rachev, N.R., Stoyanova, A., Schmidt, K., Suchow, J.W., Koptjevskaja-Tamm, M., Jernsäther, T., Olofsson, J.K., Bialobrzeska, O., Marszalek, M., Tatachari, S., Afhami, R., Law, W., Antfolk, J., Žuro, B., Van Doren, N., Soto, J.A., Searston, R., Miranda, J., Damnjanović, K., Yeung, S.K., Hoyer, K., Jaeger, B., Ren, D., Pfuhl, G., Klevjer, K., Corral-Frías, N.S., Frias-Armenta, M., Lucas, M.Y., Olaya Torres, A., Toro, M., Javela Delgado, L.G., Vega, D., Álvarez Solas, S., Vilar, R., Massoni, S., Frizzo, T., Bran, A., Vaidis, D.C., Vieira, L., Paris, B., Capizzi, M., Lins de Holanda Coelho, G., Greenburgh, A., Whitt, C.M., Tullett, A.M., Du, X., Volz, L., Bosma, M.J., Karaarslan, C., Sarıoğuz, E., Bulut Allred, T., Korbmacher, M., Colloff, M.F., Lima, T.J.S., Ribeiro, M.F.F., Verharen, J.P.H., Karekla, M., Karashiali, C., Sunami, N., Jaremka, L.M., Storage, D., Habib, S., Studzinska, A., 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D.M., IJzerman, H., Forscher, P.S., and Moshontz, H.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world.

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