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Behn and Centlivre used their comedies about the rivalry between an elder and a younger brother concerning an inheritance to make a political statement. Primogeniture was customary in early-modern England, and if an estate was entailed (rather than held in fee simple), it was difficult, though not impossible, to will it away to another person. The reasons meriting disinheritance were widely discussed, but in the two plays, the Tory fathers disinherit their Whig elder sons for political reasons. As The Younger Brother was staged posthumously and altered by Charles Gildon, it is arguable what Behn's manuscript looked like, but there are indications that the elder brother was meant to be a downright republican and that Behn saw to it that the estate would go to the Tory younger brother, whose political stance she shared. In The Artifice, the father disinherits his upright elder son because he punished a Jacobite clergyman (whom the Whigs would have considered traitorous), but Centlivre—a zealous Whig herself—engineered an ending that reinstates the elder brother but also provides the younger with a comfortable income. Both dramatists also dealt with the inheritance prospects of women and the power of disposal they have over their portions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All authors dealing with the ruling institution in early medieval Bulgaria start from the fact that the power of the Bulgarian ruler was hereditary, passed down within the family and the principle of majority was valid - the first-born son of the ruler had the right to inherit the throne, at least as long as this was objectively possible. Regarding the dynastic principle, most examples from our early medieval history indicate that it was followed. As for the primogeniture, however, as a right of succession to the throne, in our history until the conversion we have mostly exceptions to it. The aim of the present work is, by tracking the exceptions to the rule of succession - peculiar crises of power, to look for their common and different features, as well as similarity in the reasons that gave rise to them. Although in some of the cases the information about the kinship ties and relationships in the Bulgarian ruling family from this period is extremely scarce and/or divergent in order to contribute to the drawing of definite conclusions, they are included here because of the existing discussion on them in the Bulgarian and foreign historiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current confrontation between Russia-China and the West requires a study of civilizational differences that determine national identities and attitudes towards social-economic values. This confrontation has deep cultural roots; thus, the Russian-Western intense rivalry in the 18th - 19th centuries was based on different perceptions of social reality, different value orientations and priorities in economy, politics and other spheres. Sociologists and social philosophers have studied factors that determined civilizational differences between non-Western and Western societies, namely the Russian world and the Anglo-Saxon world for decades, emphasizing their confessional differences, fundamentally divergent geopolitical interests, opposite political systems and so on. In the social-economic perspective, property rights are a significant basis of civilizational differences. The West has always considered its clear stand on property rights as the only possible. However, this position can be based on either economic considerations or moral criteria. Such differences are reflected in inheritance systems, although sociologists rarely focus on them. The division between heirs in equal parts complies with the moral standards of our society and is known as the path of ‘communal good’. Another way is to transfer the greater part of property to one member of the family in order to avoid its fragmentation, which is reasonable in the economic perspective but not always morally acceptable; this is the path known as ‘rational evil’. Thus, inheritance systems are among the most crucial civilizational differences between Russia and the West. The civilizational analysis is fundamentally important under the current confrontation between the West and Russia- China, and the position on private property and inheritance system determines civilizational differences. In Western Europe, the right of primogeniture was in force for a long time, and its cruel laws dictated that all real estate and most of the other property was inherited by the eldest son. This rule contributed to the earlу development of capitalism based on wage labor. On the contrary, in Russia, China and many other non-Western countries, the inheritance was divided among all children. Although it was disadvantageous for the social-economic development, it did not contradict conventional moral standards and did not destroy family relationships. In post-industrial societies, the institutional context has radically changed and the division of property among relatives does not

Caregiving for aging parents can be a stressful process for middle-aged adults. Accordingly, many adult children experience anticipatory anxiety regarding care for their parents (i.e., filial anxiety), which can lead to health problems. Previous studies indicated that parental attachment is a crucial determinant of filial anxiety. However, in primogeniture cultures, in which first-born children inherit all the family property, the birth order of adult children directly influences caregiving for parents. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the moderating effect of birth order between insecure attachment and filial anxiety. In total, 515 middle-aged Japanese adults (21.7% men) with a mean age of 32.27 (SD = 5.34) years completed an online questionnaire. Parental attachment was assessed with the Experiences in Close Relationship-Relationship Structure Scale, while filial anxiety was assessed with a single item. We conducted multiple regression analyses separately for filial anxiety regarding care for mothers and fathers. The negative effect of attachment avoidance on anxiety regarding care for mothers was stronger in adult children who were born first, and that of attachment anxiety was stronger in adult children who were born later. High attachment avoidance increased anxiety regarding care for fathers, regardless of birth order. Birth order played a major role in determining filial anxiety, especially for mothers. These results are thought to reflect the Japanese cultural conventions of caregiving. This study has valuable implications for understanding filial anxiety from a culture-specific perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behn and Centlivre used their comedies about the rivalry between an elder and a younger brother concerning an inheritance to make a political statement. Primogeniture was customary in early-modern England, and if an estate was entailed (rather than held in fee simple), it was difficult, though not impossible, to will it away to another person. The reasons meriting disinheritance were widely discussed, but in the two plays, the Tory fathers disinherit their Whig elder sons for political reasons. As The Younger Brother was staged posthumously and altered by Charles Gildon, it is arguable what Behn’s manuscript looked like, but there are indications that the elder brother was meant to be a downright republican and that Behn saw to it that the estate would go to the Tory younger brother, whose political stance she shared. In The Artifice, the father disinherits his upright elder son because he punished a Jacobite clergyman (whom the Whigs would have considered traitorous), but Centlivre—a zealous Whig herself—engineered an ending that reinstates the elder brother but also provides the younger with a comfortable income. Both dramatists also dealt with the inheritance prospects of women and the power of disposal they have over their portions.

Anne Lister became the owner of Shibden Hall in Halifax in 1826, when her Uncle, James Lister, died. Inheriting Shibden was the culmination of a campaign Anne Lister began as a young woman. Lister's journals reflect her thoughts concerning the actions she took to convince her uncle that she was the best choice to ensure that the Shibden estate remained in the Lister family and how she provided for Ann Walker after their commitment in 1834. The journal entries provide an insider's view of the process she engaged in to accomplish her goals. This paper will discuss the wills Anne Lister (1791–1840) and Ann Walker used in preparing for the disposition of their respective estates following their deaths. Lister used wills and other estate planning measures to protect herself and provide for others. The paper also discusses the shortcomings and missed opportunities for adequate legal advice given to Miss Lister and Miss Walker by their lawyer, his failure to consider and advise on the situations that did occur after Lister's death. Anne Lister was prolific in her instructions to her lawyer about her will, but she did not think of everything. The paper also includes a brief background on English law concerning wills, inheritance, and women's rights evolved over many centuries. Considering the various legal aspects of common law and statutes concerning who could inherit under English law, and the restrictions that existed if an owner died intestate, provide a necessary overview of the importance of planning ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anne Lister became the owner of Shibden Hall in Halifax in 1826, when her Uncle, James Lister, died. Inheriting Shibden was the culmination of a campaign Anne Lister began as a young woman. Lister's journals reflect her thoughts concerning the actions she took to convince her uncle that she was the best choice to ensure that the Shibden estate remained in the Lister family and how she provided for Ann Walker after their commitment in 1834. The journal entries provide an insider's view of the process she engaged in to accomplish her goals. This paper will discuss the wills Anne Lister (1791–1840) and Ann Walker used in preparing for the disposition of their respective estates following their deaths. Lister used wills and other estate planning measures to protect herself and provide for others. The paper also discusses the shortcomings and missed opportunities for adequate legal advice given to Miss Lister and Miss Walker by their lawyer, his failure to consider and advise on the situations that did occur after Lister's death. Anne Lister was prolific in her instructions to her lawyer about her will, but she did not think of everything. The paper also includes a brief background on English law concerning wills, inheritance, and women's rights evolved over many centuries. Considering the various legal aspects of common law and statutes concerning who could inherit under English law, and the restrictions that existed if an owner died intestate, provide a necessary overview of the importance of planning ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of collateral succession was abandoned by the ruling family of Moscow in the fifteenth century, although it was continued within elite families. This article proposes that after 1432 and before 1797, succession to the throne of Russia was decided by the heads of those ruling elite families to maintain stability and balance of power within the ruling elite. No set process was in place, but various mechanisms for formalizing the choice were tried. Those mechanisms in effect replaced the Tatar khan as the referee of the system. They included designation by the sitting ruler, the Zemskii sobor, and palace coups supported by the guards regiments. In addition, this article credits Paul Bushkovitch with reformulating the problem of succession and with thus opening up a new line of research in early modern Russian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to reconsider the formation of an overseas emigration area in Okinawa during the first half of the twentieth century. The Nakaoshi district of Haneji village, from which many people migrated to Brazil, was selected as the study area. A variety of evidence was used to elucidate trends in migration, such as oral histories and the Japanese Immigration List in Brazil. The results showed that migration from Nakaoshi district increased after the land reform of 1903 and that many heads of households or their successors emigrated between the 1900s and 1940s. Some successors accumulated assets after migration and returned home to inherit the family property. Conversely, other successors remained at their destination and gave their children the option to go back to Okinawa and receive an education before returning overseas to prepare for generation change. In addition, when the heads of households moved, residents of their place of origin gained control over some household assets, while the mortuary tablets were moved to the migrating destination and family events took place away from the original community. This study thus clarified how, in Okinawa between the 1900s and 1940s, blood relations in the areas of origin expanded transnationally with emigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The source-critical approach to biblical literature accentuated the diversity of material that constitutes ancient books of the Bible. In the past several decades, however, some scholars shifted their attention to the final canonical and literary composition of the biblical texts. This article will present a piece of evidence for the unity of the book of Genesis as a literary unit. To demonstrate this the author will trace the pattern of primogeniture reversal throughout the whole book. Arguably, the five main pairs (Cain – Abel, Ishmael – Isaac, Esau – Jacob, Reuben – Judah, Joseph, and Manasseh – Ephraim) and the two minor pairs (Leah – Rachel, Zerah – Perez) reflect six narrative features. These are parents’expectations, God’s election, a threat to the younger heir, resolution, promise to the older son, departure of the older brother. The consistent usage of this pattern leads to the conclusion that the author/editor of Genesis carefully constructed the plot of the whole book, not simply incorporated diverse material.

This paper examines how the degree of gender-egalitarianism embedded in inheritance rules impacts state capacity at its early stages during medieval times. We present a theoretical model in which building state capacity enables nobles to raise taxes and overcome rivals. The model addresses the use of inheritance to consolidate landholding dynasties, also accommodating interstate marriages between landed heirs. On the one hand, dynastic continuity—of utmost importance to medieval lords—directly encourages state-building. Male-biased inheritance rules historically maximize the likelihood of dynastic continuity. We weigh this effect against the indirect impact of the more frequent land-merging marriages under gender-egalitarian rules. Contrary to the literature, our results suggest that gender-egalitarian norms—offering a low probability of dynastic continuity—promote state capacity in the short run more than gender-biased norms. In the long run, results are reversed, providing a rationale for the pervasive European tradition of preference for men as heirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Hidalguía is the property of Revista Hidalguia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paul Bushkovitch's study of succession in Russia challenges a number of received historiographical traditions about succession and absolutism in early modern Russia. He questions the common view that power transferred from one ruler to the next by primogeniture and instead sees a long and largely uninterrupted tradition of parental designation. He also rejects the view that the concept of absolutism is useful for understanding monarchical power in Muscovy. Instead, Bushkovitch joins a growing group of historians who see the tsar ruling collaboratively with his boyars, making this a study as much about political culture as it is about succession. Some readers may find the conclusions about primogeniture to be highly revisionist and in need of further investigation, but the arguments about absolutism will no doubt influence in significant ways future works on power and politics, as historians continue to expand their understanding of pre-modern Russian political culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the traditional understanding, the role of history in literary works was te- aching by example. History was expected to provide readers with ready formulae for appropriate behaviour, to introduce models to follow and to identify with, as well as to explain the difficulties of life. In the second half of the eighteenth century such an appro- ach to history tumed out to be inadeąuate. This article presents Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto - the first Gothic novel in English literaturę - as a work that subverts exemplary historicism by reversing the traditional exemplifying role of history. Published in 1764, when neoclassical ideals were still being promoted by such important writers as Doctor Samuel Johnson, Walpole’s novel commenced a new trend in literaturę that fully developed in Romanticism proper. It is not really intended to teach by example or to ren- der medieval history in terms of modem Enlightenment standards. Instead of rational explanations and balanced opinions its readers get an abundance of supematural pheno- mena and extravagant events. With its emphasis on entertainment rather than education, the story is a signum temporis, a significant step on the way towards the priority of aesthe- tic values in literary works. The article focuses on the novel in the context of its publica- tion in the Age of Reason. The two different prefaces are briefly analysed, and the chan- ging critical reception is presented. Some attention is also given to Clara Reeve’s The Old English Baron as an immediate successor of Walpole’s book, and simultaneously a strong criticism of his innovative perception of the role of literaturę. Despite the multitude of un- favourable comments by eighteenth-century writers and critics, the conclusion reached in this article is that such Gothic novels opened up a new perspective in the literary world. Walpole’s role as the forerunner in this field remains unquestionable.

Japanese monarchical succession is restricted to male offspring of imperial lineage, with the order of succession being primogeniture. This rule is not written in the 1947 Constitution—which prohibits sex discrimination in Article 14—but rather in the Imperial House Law of 1947. Given the current gender composition of the imperial family, it is not difficult to imagine a future in which the existence of the imperial system is threatened by a lack of legitimate male heirs. The article takes this reality as its starting point and evaluates the divergent attitudes of fundamentalist, orthodox, and egalitarian monarchists towards male-line primogeniture and the case for a gender-neutral monarchy in Japan. The article advocates an egalitarian view of monarchy as being most consistent with international law, Japan’s 1947 Constitution, comparative practice in contemporary monarchies, and the historical record that includes eight Japanese empresses who ruled in their own right. The article then turns to consider the contemporary role of the Emperor. Although the Japanese monarchy is comparable to others due to its exclusively symbolic and religious nature, the article notes its uniquely gendered aspects, such as the lack of public involvement and visibility of female members of the imperial family. Politicians, however, are reluctant to amend the Imperial House Law, which presents a structural barrier to gender-neutral monarchy.

The article discusses the emergence of Confucian-style lineages in the seventeenth century against the background of Korea’s transformation from a bilateral to a patrilineal society on the model of ritual prescriptions. It argues that vacant succession was a technical impossibility because the necessity of continued performance of ancestral rites did not allow for vacant heirship. The introduction of primogeniture narrowed the boundaries of the ritual group by first depriving daughters and later sons of inheritance. As a strategy to mitigate conflicts among heirs a group of agnates larger than the ritual lineage (munjung) was created that encompassed all agnates of the lineage or lineage segments. Both succession and inheritance were preferably regulated within the lineage on the basis of ritual norms with only incidental state intervention.

The travel accounts examined here were written by Dutch travellers to Hong Kong in the late-nineteenth to early twentieth-century. By applying the imagological approach, examples of ethnotypes and Self-Other oppositions found in the travel accounts are analysed. Findings show that the fact that most Dutch travelled from the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) influenced their observations of Hong Kong. This is particularly prominent, where writers compare the influence of the British in Hong Kong with that of the Dutch in the Dutch East Indies, in terms of facilities, infrastructure, activities and other aspects. Hence, this article sheds light on how the Dutch represent the image of Hong Kong through colonial eyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores points of contact between Olive Schreiner and Aletta Jacobs, two prominent first-wave feminists, presenting a case study of cultural mobility from South Africa to the Netherlands. Utilizing the histoire croisée approach, this contribution discusses the reception of Olive Schreiner's Woman and Labour in the Netherlands. It argues that the profile of Aletta Jacobs, who translated the text into Dutch, was decisive in forming Dutch public's reactions to the book. Schreiner, however, an influential South African writer and social theorist, was a radical voice among both South African and European feminists and her social vision was not entirely compatible with Jacobs's views. This article proposes that reviews of Schreiner's book in Dutch socialist and feminist press reflect the tensions between these two movements which played out in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and do not take into account Schreiner's actual non-European perspective and her global approach to social processes where gender, class, and race function as intersecting concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to show that Geeraerdt Brandt's popular revenge tragedy De veinzende Torquatus (1645) engages with the political debates concerning the rightful succession of monarchs based on primogeniture, and – be it in a grotesque, even parodic way – the Calvinistic belief that the Dutch stadtholders were God's providential instruments, assigned to guide His chosen people. Subsequently, I show that the play offers a confrontation between two conflicting conceptions of power. The play's eponymous protagonist holds what I call an intellectual (idealistic) conception of power, in which man's rational faculty, including his capacity for rational deception, is all-decisive. This vision, though, clashes with the more physical (materialistic) conceptualization of power which Torquatus's antagonist Noron upholds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1671 and 1677, William Salesbury of Rhug fought a bitter legal battle in Chancery against his cousin, Dame Jane Bagot, and her family. William contested Jane's inheritance of the Bachymbyd estate, Denbighshire, which once belonged to their shared paternal grandfather. According to the Chancery records, their grandfather wrongfully disinherited William's father. The Lord Chancellor judged five out of six points in William's favour. However, the estate archives demonstrate that William's father had no lawful claim to Bachymbyd and William built his suit on forgeries and half-truths. In a case where a daughter inherited an estate from a younger son, William manipulated the contemporary social norms of gender and primogeniture. The suit provides a unique opportunity to understand how credibility was constructed in the seventeenth century. This article suggests that credibility depended on social norms and played a larger role in the law, and perhaps wider society, than evidence-based truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the concept of family patrimony on the example of three medieval monarchies between the mid-11th and late 12th centuries. Though far away from one another, Spain, England and Serbia witnessed almost identical political circumstances when the ruler passed the throne to a younger son, bypassing the first-born son, thereby also directly infringing the right of primogeniture. As a rule, such decision resulted in years-long conflicts among the brothers. However, the common denominator in all three cases is that family patrimony was entrusted to the eldest son regardless of the fact that he was not an heir to the throne, which implies that it was his inalienable right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the transfer of power within princely society at the turn from the fifteenth to the sixteenth century. Practices of transfer are discussed as the result of a whole set of circumstances and with various factors playing a significant role. The older debate on this topic has been dominated by the question of how and when primogeniture became a common practice. Over the last thirty years, dynastic and kinship studies have shown the interplay between the exclusion of female family members on the one hand and the promotion of male descendants in this process on the other. But this is only half the story. Local and gendered case studies have observed a huge variety of complex and dynamic practices, which cannot be assigned to one specific pattern. Exploring the case of Philipp of Baden (1479-1533), fifth son of the Margrave Christoph I of Baden (1453-1527), who selected Philipp as his sole heir and, in doing so, triggered a set of serious dynastic and political conflicts, the article will present a «third way» to organize the transfer of power by conceptualizing favouritism as a dynamic tool for managing political and (gendered) dynastic challenges of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces some of the adaptation history of Shakespeare's twin farce, The Comedy of Errors. The play highlights some of the paradoxes inherent in Shakespeare's status in the field of adaptation, as it is often perceived as a rather derivative effort. By delivering a more detailed reading of Angoor (1982), Gulzar's film adaptation of the play, I want to argue for the significance of transcultural adaptations when it comes to upending some of the established hierarchies inherent in adaptation studies. Moreover, the chapter highlights the theme of dubious births and the problem of primogeniture to conceptualize adaptation itself as a form of twinship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the “village youth associations” that exist throughout Bété country, in the western centre of the Ivory Coast. In this lineage society strongly structured by primogeniture, the emergence of youth as an autonomous political category raises questions about the restructuring of the powers that run through the entire region. Based on debates surrounding these associations, the article proposes a method for analysing young people in conflict situations, using the “strategic group” concept proposed by the socio-anthropology of development. Analysis of contemporary dynamics will also make it possible to better describe democratisation processes in village political arenas, in relation to which the question of the citizenship of “subordinate” categories is considered, categories that are traditionally excluded from the political game.

Based on an ethnographic study in a Malinké village in north-east Guinea, this article considers the question of what constitutes youth in the context of rural West Africa. It examines gatherings of young men for tea, grins, to show how youth is above all relational, and that it develops in specific practices according to the interactions of individuals of one same age set (kari) with individuals of a different generation, in the village or while migrating, particularly in the region’s artisanal gold mines. It begins with an analysis of the status games that take place in grins, games in which every day, these men replay the statuses of firstborn and cadet (a child who is not firstborn), in interactions between individuals who consider themselves peers. Secondly, this article will examine the relations occasioned by these gatherings: on the one hand, with those who do not take part in them, given that these meetings take place in view of everyone in the central courtyards of residences, and on the other hand, in a context of intensification of local mobilities in the region’s artisanal gold mines.

A literary criticism is presented for the book "The Tale of Gamelyn" by Geoffrey Chaucer. Topics discussed include the clash between native customary laws and Norman-inspired feudalism; the incompatibility of primogeniture with ancient Anglo-Danish rules governing inheritance and depiction of fourteenth-century England's rural gentry and the workings of law.

Younger sons of the gentry occupied a precarious and unstable position in society. They were born into wealthy and privileged families yet, within the system of primogeniture, were required to make their own way in the world. As elite men, their status rested on independence and patriarchal authority, attaining anything less could be deemed a failure. This article explores the way that these pressures on younger sons emerged, at a crucial point in the process of early adulthood, as anxiety on their part and on the part of their families. Using the correspondence of eleven English gentry families across this period, we explore the emotion of anxiety in this context: the way that it revealed 'anxious masculinities'; the way anxiety was traded within an emotional economy; the uses to which anxiety was put. We argue that anxiety was an important and formative emotion within the gentry community and that the expression of anxiety persisted among younger sons and their guardians across this period. We therefore argue for continuity in the anxieties experienced within this emotional community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why are some societies more unequal than others? The French revolutionaries believed unequal inheritances among siblings to be responsible for the strict hierarchies of the ancien régime. To achieve equality, the revolutionaries therefore enforced equal inheritance rights. Their goal was to empower women and to disenfranchise the noble class. But do equal inheritances succeed in leveling the societal playing field? We study Germany—a country with pronounced local‐level variation in inheritance customs—and find that municipalities that historically equally apportioned wealth, to this day, elect more women into political councils and have fewer aristocrats in the social elite. Using historic data, we point to two mechanisms: wealth equality and pro‐egalitarian preferences. In a final step, we also show that, counterintuitively, equitable inheritance customs positively predict income inequality. We interpret this finding to mean that equitable inheritances level the playing field by rewarding talent, not status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the workings of stratified societies in which there is primogeniture and where the nobility practice monogamous marriage with a double standard of sexual fidelity. We model a simple stratified society and define the reproductive values of the male and female nobility relative to that of commoners. We then explore implications of the hypothesis that preferences have evolved to favor maximization of reproductive value. The hypothesis is tested against fragmentary data from ancient civilizations and quite detailed information about the British aristocracy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

The article assesses the socio-political birtherism of the character Edmund in the play "King Lear" by William Shakespeare. It mentions the examination of the adherence of the aristocracy to the principles of primogeniture by Edmund. According to the author, the play "The True Chronicle History of the Whole Life and Death of Thomas Lord Cromwell" influenced the social critique. Also noted is the thematic inspiration offered by a speech in the play to the soliloquy of Edmund.

Of the fifteen verbal links Wiggins associates with Q1 Hamlet in his catalogue of British Drama, the inclusion of Dido, Queen of Carthage is potentially the most problematic in terms of establishing a 1588--1589 date for the play. This article re-examines the editorial and critical history of the most commonly cited overlap between these two plays -- the entirety of 'Aeneas's tale to Dido' -- and it provides new evidence that challenges their continued association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores Anthony Trollope's engagement with excess sweat as a metaphor encoding a complicated nexus of cultural attitudes towards class, gender, and inheritance in Victorian fiction. Discussing Cousin Henry, a lesser-known text written towards the end of Trollope's career, I posit that scholarly readings of Trollope's concerns with inheritance laws can be further complicated by closely examining the function of sweat as a somatic signifier. Through close readings of the primary text, I consider the function of sweat as both a potent physical symbol and a narrative device destabilizing Victorian understandings of gender and class in relation to inheritance law. Cousin Henry questions the extent to which free will and individual character can ever be fully self-determined in a society so dependent on legal and bureaucratic frameworks to produce and endorse identity. Trollope explores, in 1879, the crucial role of the threateningly abject body in undermining restrictive systems of regulation and control, anticipating work by authors of the Victorian fin-de-siècle in ways that have yet to be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Nazis' persecution of the Bohemian nobility during World War II. The author examines the reasons why the Gestapo confiscated the estates of the Schwarzenberg primogeniture, a topic he situates in the wider context of Nazi occupation policies. He also pays close attention to internal discussions between the security forces and other Reich and Protectorate agencies in regard to measures taken against the Schwarzenberg family. The author presents proof of what moved Hitler to choose a radical solution: the confiscation of the entire primogeniture estate. What was decisive was the support Hitler received from radicals in the Nazi Party, along with the fact that the Reichsprotektor, who advocated less radical measures, did not enjoy the same level of confidence from the Führer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Building on a unique data set with information on the nuclear structure of entrepreneurial families, we integrate leadership succession into a socioemotional wealth (SEW) logic to test the antecedents and consequences of primogeniture vis‐à‐vis second‐ or subsequent‐born selection in family firm succession. Our findings suggest that appointing a family firstborn sibling is more likely when there is a high degree of SEW endowment and the family firm has pre‐succession performance below aspiration levels. Next, we find that appointing a second‐ or subsequent‐born sibling has a positive and significant effect on post‐succession firm profitability, particularly when the firm is in its second generation or later. Managerial Summary: What drives succession choices in family firms? What are the performance implications of each succession choice? These are questions of vital relevance for every business owner. Focusing on the pool of potential family heirs at the time of succession, our study adds to the debate on the drivers of succession choices by suggesting that having a family intensive governance structure fosters primogeniture as the main succession logic, even when the family firm is experiencing lower profitability. Our study informs business owners on the implications of different succession policies, suggesting that family firms that have the courage to disregard primogeniture and choose more wisely the family successor are also the ones experiencing higher post‐succession performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thesis of "Confucian constitutionalism" has argued that ritual propriety was equivalent to constitutional law in Confucian political thought. By focusing on the shortcoming of the thesis, which is its lack of a theoretical place for sovereignty, this article examines the nature of perpetual sovereignty that ensured the continuous succession of political authority in the Chosŏn Dynasty. This article thereby presents the constitutional thought of reconciliation between political fact and constitutional value in sovereign succession. It also highlights the feature of the ritual discourse which lies in the fact that the tensions between the logic of sovereignty and the constitution of primogeniturewere raisedaftera king'sdeath. This suggests thatConfucian royal rituals were the ex-post symbolic mediation between fact and value. In the ritual controversy (yesong), in which the tensions between them escalated, Song Siyŏl attempted to harmonize them but only by separating political succession from ritual representation. This constitutional thought of reconciliation represented the autonomy of politics, yet maintained the demarcation between fact and value. In conclusion, the Confucian ritual discourse of kingship was not the priestly power of Confucian scholar-officers but the practical reasoning of the theoretical conundrum of the throne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)