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O aumento considerável da expectativa de vida dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV na era do tratamento antirretroviral de alta potência, resulta em importantes alterações metabólicas e osteoarticulares decorrentes do prolongado tempo de infecção viral e desse tratamento. As complicações ortopédicas mais frequentes são as alterações da mineralização óssea, a osteonecrose, síndrome do túnel do carpo e capsulite adesiva glenoumeral, com padrão de apresentação clínica, evolução natural da doença e resposta terapêutica diferentes daqueles da população geral. Os relatos da literatura são iniciais e a experiência do serviço multidisciplinar do Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da USP permite avanço no conhecimento das diversas patologias envolvidas e o desenvolvimento de protocolos de tratamento adequados a esses diagnósticos.The considerable increase of the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients in the age of highly-powerful antiretroviral treatment results in important metabolic and bone-joint changes resulting from a long-lasting viral infection time and from this treatment. The most common orthopaedic complications are bone mineralization changes, osteonecrosis, carpal tunnel syndrome and gleno-humeral adhesive capsulitis, with different clinical presentation features, natural disease progression and therapeutic response compared to the overall population. Literature reports are initial, and the experience of the multidisciplinary service of the University of São Paulo's Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology enables us a more in-depth knowledge about the various pathologies involved and the development of treatment protocols that are appropriate to these diagnoses.

With the significant increase in life expectancy for HIV-infected patients in the era of high potency antiretroviral therapy, major metabolic changes have been observed due to the prolonged period of the viral infection and the treatment itself. Osteoarticular changes resulting from these processes are mainly reported in long term HIV-infected patients receiving high potency antiretroviral therapy and include osteopenia/osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, carpal tunnel syndrome and adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.