1. Non-discriminatory Exclusion Testing as a Tool for the Early Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Incursions
- Author
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Michael Eschbaumer, Andrea Vögtlin, David J. Paton, Jamie L. Barnabei, Manuel Jose Sanchez-Vazquez, Edviges Maristela Pituco, Alejandro Mauricio Rivera, Dwane O'Brien, Charles Nfon, Emiliana Brocchi, Labib Bakkali Kassimi, David J. Lefebvre, Roberto Navarro López, Eduardo Maradei, Sergio J. Duffy, Angelika Loitsch, Kris De Clercq, Donald P. King, Stéphan Zientara, Christian Griot, Martin Beer, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Institute of Virology and Immunology [Mittelhäusern] (IVI), University of Bern, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern-University of Bern, Institute for Animal Health, the Pirbright Institute, National Animal Vaccine and Veterinary Countermeasures Bank, Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Plum Island Animal Disease Center-Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa y Salud Pública Veterinaria-PANAFTOSA, Diagnostic Surveillance and Response, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO)-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), National Center for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciensano [Bruxelles], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASICA)), Private Consultants for Animal Health and Epidemiology, and Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES)
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040301 veterinary sciences ,Mini Review ,a section of the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science FMD ,Early detection ,610 Medicine & health ,Disease ,exclusion testing ,law.invention ,0403 veterinary science ,FMD ,03 medical and health sciences ,transboundary disease ,law ,Quarantine ,Development economics ,medicine ,Sanctions ,Economic impact analysis ,early detection ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,General Veterinary ,Foot-and-mouth disease ,630 Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,This article was submitted to Veterinary Infectious Diseases ,surveillance ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Veterinary Science ,Business - Abstract
International audience; Endemic circulation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Africa and Asia poses a continuous risk to countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania which are free from the disease. Introductions of the disease into a free region have dramatic economic impacts, especially if they are not detected at an early stage and controlled rapidly. However, farmers and veterinarians have an obvious disincentive to report clinical signs that are consistent with FMD, due to the severe consequences of raising an official suspicion, such as farm-level quarantine. One way that the risk of late detection can be mitigated is offering non-discriminatory exclusion testing schemes for differential diagnostics, wherein veterinarians can submit samples without the involvement of the competent authority and without sanctions or costs for the farmer. This review considers the benefits and limitations of this approach to improve the early detection of FMD in free countries and gives an overview of the FMD testing schemes currently in use in selected countries in Europe and the Americas as well as in Australia.
- Published
- 2020