Search

The design and implementation of an automated cooling system for solar panels using an Arduino microcontroller, temperature sensor, voltage, relay, and Central Processing Unit (CPU) fan are detailed in this paper. The objective of the system is to enhance the efficiency of photo voltaic panels by maintaining their temperature within an optimal range. The system utilizes a temperature sensor and voltage sensor to continuously monitor the temperature of the photo voltaic panel. The Arduino microcontroller receives temperature readings from the sensor and based on the measured temperature, the microcontroller determines whether cooling is required. When the temperature exceeds a predefined threshold, the microcontroller triggers a motor driver module to switch ON the connected to a CPU fan and pump on. The motor driver controls the speed of the fan based on temperature. The fan, placed strategically near the photo voltaic panel, creates airflow that helps dissipate heat from the panel's surface. It periodically checks the temperature and controls the fan accordingly.

This paper focuses on conception of voltage interruption signal in different domains. According to IEEE Standard 1159, Interruption is categorised under short-duration voltage variations in the description of classification of ‘Power quality Disturbances’. Power quality disturbances affect the quality of electric power supplied by utilities to power consumers. An interruption represents loss of voltage for a duration of time from 0.5 cycles to a duration less than 1 minute. This variation in supply voltage will affect the connected load. This acts as a significant challenge in terms of stability and reliability of power supply. Signal processing techniques of Fourier transform (FT), Short-Time Fourier transform (STFT), continuous wavelet transform (CWT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) are applied to the voltage signals in MATLAB. This approach results in analysis and obtaining characteristics of this disturbance of interruption. This work focuses on extracting information from voltage signal resulting in detection of power quality issues in different perspectives. Continuous wavelet transform provides a time- frequency representation of signals. Discrete wavelet transform is based on multi-resolution analysis resulting in breaking down a signal into different frequency bands. For finer resolution, wavelet packet transform is used. These different transforms result in better understanding of the disturbance present in the signal. MATLAB platform is used to implement FT, STFT, CWT, DWT, WPT on interruption disturbance. Based on the same approach, conception of different signals time domain signals having practical relevance and physical significance can be analyzed to extract information in different perspectives.

Background and objectives: Proton pump inhibitors are used widely for gastroesophageal reflux disease and ulcer type dyspepsia. Majority of the patients require long term medication. H2 receptor antagonist are also used for relief of symptoms. Though tachyphylaxis has been reported, symptom response is seen with long term use. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of long-term acid suppressants on gastric antral histology. Methods: Patients who received long-term acid suppressants such as ranitidine and omeprazole for gastroesophageal reflux disease or dyspepsia were included. All of them had an antral biopsy for histology and H. pylori status at baseline, at 6 months and 12 months. Patients on acid suppressants for less than a year or on long-term non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs were excluded from the study. The grading of gastritis was classified as chronic active gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Results: Thirty patients received ranitidine and 28 omeprazole. In H. pylori positive group, the median duration of ranitidine and omeprazole were 3 years (1.5 to 8 years) and 4 years (1 to 10 years) respectively. Two thirds of patients had chronic active gastritis (ranitidine: 35.5% omeprazole:26.6%); 10 had gastric atrophy (ranitidine: 6.6% omeprazole:15.5%) and 7 had intestinal metaplasia (ranitidine4.4% omeprazole11.1%). Four of the 10 patients on omeprazole showed progression of histology as against only one of the 13 patients on ranitidine at one year of follow up. In omeprazole pylori negative patients, the median duration of ranitidine and omeprazole was 2.5 years (range 1 to 6 years) and 3 years (range 2 to 7 years) respectively. Irrespective of the acid suppressants, the baseline histology was either chronic active gastritis (78.5%) or gastric atrophy (21.5%). None had intestinal metaplasia. Also there was no progression in histology staging during the follow up. Conclusions: Long-term acid suppressants irrespective of the H. pylori status are not associated with significant histological changes in gastric mucosa. Despite a significant drop out of cases, among the cases followed up no significant progression in histological staging was seen during a one year follow-up. (J Dig Endosc 2013;4(1):1–5)

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare developmental disorder comprising of mental retardation, unusual facial appearance, broad thumbs, and big toes. It is frequently associated with molecular lesions in the cAMP response element binding protein. Many cutaneous abnormalities are associated with RTS. Multiple spontaneous keloids are some of them. We hereby report a case of this rare syndrome associated with keloids without any preceding trauma.

Rohu fish (Labeo rohita) fillets were coated with 2.5% to 25% soy protein isolate (SPI) to evaluate their ability to reduce fat uptake. The coating pickup of fish fillets increased with increasing coating concentration. Fillets coated with 15% SPI showed the highest coating pickup value of 18.29% and reduced fat uptake by 57.78%. As revealed by lowered carbonyl and sulfhydryl contents, SPI coating protected proteins from oxidation during deep-frying. Increasing coating concentration decreased the hardness, chewiness, and cutting force of coated fish fillets. Therefore, the aforesaid coatings could be recommended for making low-fat fried fish fillets with 15% SPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Passive Microvolume Irrigation (PMI) with Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been proposed as a new method for root canal disinfection. It is based on the concept that irregular surface characteristics of endodontic instruments can carry NaOCl into the canal space with controlled fluid volume, without applying any pressure. Aim: To compare and evaluate the efficacy of 3% and 5% NaOCl PMI, Saline PMI, and 3% NaOCl Standard Irrigation (SI) in removing the Smear Layer (SL) from the root canal walls at the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of single-rooted teeth. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at Vishnu Dental College, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study was conducted in February 2018. Forty maxillary central incisors with a single canal, extracted within three months of the study, were collected. The teeth were divided into four groups (n=10) based on the irrigation method: Group-1 (3.0% NaOCl SI), Group-2 (3.0% NaOCl PMI), Group-3 (5.0% NaOCl PMI), and Group-4 (Saline PMI). All samples were instrumented upto F4 size with Protaper rotary files, and a final rinse of 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) was used. SL removal was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0. Statistical tests used were Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all comparisons. Results: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in SL removal between 3.0% NaOCl SI, 3.0% NaOCl PMI, and 5.0% NaOCl PMI in the middle and apical thirds of the root canals. However, 5.0% NaOCl PMI showed significantly higher efficiency in SL removal at the cervical third compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Passive microvolume irrigation with 3% and 5% NaOCl showed comparable efficacy to 3% hypochlorite SI in the middle and apical thirds of the root canal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]