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Introduction: Problem-based learning (PBL) is an approach to education in medical training that has benefits, such as enhanced information utilization, assimilation of basic and clinical scientific fields. There is a need to compare the training and expertise of college graduates or to scrutinize the influence of PBL on dentistry graduates’ clinical skills. Hence, the study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of dental graduates attending the PBL curriculum and compare their knowledge and perception among different gender and academic years. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a period of 6 months from May 2022 to October 2022 at Dental College, Maharashtra. This study design was planned to assess knowledge and perception of PBL among dental students with a sample size of 315 subjects. An online questionnaire was used and distributed. The questionnaire consisted of 23 statements of which 10 were knowledge based, 10 were for assessment of perception using 5-point Likert scale, and the remaining 3 were open ended. Results: Among 315 dental graduates enrolled for this study, the mean age was 23 ± 0.96 and year-wise mean was 63 ± 0.96.99.3%, 93.6% depicted correct for PBL’s background including elaboration, and theories, respectively. Responses of female students were statistically significant (P = 0.001) than males regarding PBL curriculum and consequently, according to the academic year (P = 0.001) of 1st, 3rd year, and Intern groups compared to 2nd and 4th year. Conclusion: The study emphasized the value of PBL in framework combination coursework and ways, in which it enables students to improve their comprehension, interpretation, and other educational skills.

Introduction: Gerotranscendence represents a shift in meta-perspective, transitioning from a materialistic and rational outlook to a more cosmic and transcendent one. This phase fosters resilience in older individuals, enabling them to overcome the challenges and despondency associated with ageing, thereby promoting a positive embrace of the ageing process. Remarkably, individuals with high levels of gerotranscendence, even in the presence of poor oral health, demonstrate the capacity to cope and adapt to their circumstances. This adaptive capability may contribute to an enhancement in their self-reported Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Aim: To evaluate the relationship between gerotranscendence and OHRQoL among the elderly population in the Vidarbha region. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a 6-month period from March 2023 to August 2023 in collaboration with the Department of Prosthodontics and the Department of Public Health Dentistry at the Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra on 350 participants. The study included volunteers aged ≥70 years, residing in homes or old age homes, and those visiting tertiary healthcare centers. Methodologically, data collection employed a self-made organised proforma. Oral examinations were conducted using Type III inspections with a mouth mirror. Gerotranscendence was assessed using the Gerotranscendence Scale Type 2 (GST2), which was validated and translated into Marathi. The Geriatric OHRQoL was evaluated using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), also translated into Marathi. The study used Chi-square tests for categorical variables and Pearson’s and Spearman’s tests for correlation analyses. Results: The average gerotranscendence score was 23.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.96, 23.94), reflecting a mid-level of gerotranscendence, indicating that the gerotranscendence score was neither low nor high. According to Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests, the gerotranscendence score was significantly positively correlated with age and self-perceived need for treatment. The mean GOHAI score was 40.16 (95% CI: 39.55, 40.76). A substantial positive association between the GOHAI and self-perceived need for treatment was found using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests. When comparing gerotranscendence and GOHAI, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests revealed a significant positive association (p

Abstract Most wearable biosensors aimed at capturing psychological state target stress biomarkers in the form of physical symptoms that can correlate with dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). However, such markers lack the specificity needed for diagnostic or preventative applications. Wearable biochemical sensors (WBSs) have the potential to fill this gap, however, the technology is still in its infancy. Most WBSs proposed thus far target cortisol. Although cortisol detection is demonstrated as a viable method for approximating the extent and severity of psychological stress, the hormone also lacks specificity. Multiplex WBSs that simultaneously target cortisol alongside other viable stress‐related biochemical markers (SBMs) can prove to be indispensable for understanding how psychological stress contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric illnesses (NPIs) and, thus, lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and more objective clinical tools. However, none target more than one SBM implicated in NPIs. Till this review, cortisol's connection to dysfunctions in the CNS, to other SBMs, and their implication in various NPIs has not been discussed in the context of developing WBS technology. As such, this review is meant to inform the biosensing and neuropsychiatric communities of viable future directions and possible challenges for WBS technology for neuropsychiatric applications.

Background and Objective: Primary health center (PHC) settings offer opportunities for tobacco use screening and brief cessation advice. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how thoroughly participants were screened for premalignant lesions associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco use, as well as how closely these lesions correlated with body mass index (BMI). Methods: In a PHC, 150 participants aged 18 and above participated in this cross-sectional study. During the study period, tobacco consumption was habitual for 128 males and 22 females at the PHC. The interviewer gathered information to document the subjects’ history of tobacco use, general demographics, and opinions regarding passive smoking through the administration of a questionnaire. Each participant received an oral assessment. The Chi-square statistics were used for data analysis. Results: In all of the 150 participants, 20 were smokers, and 32 adopted both smokeless and smoked tobacco. Premalignant disorders with a duration of more than 10 years were more commonly observed in the age range of 36 to 50 years. When the frequency was analyzed, 47% of lesions had consumption between one and five times per day and 71% of robust indications had daily consumption between six and ten times per day. Conclusion: According to the findings, there is no conclusive evidence linking a lesion to BMI, and despite their awareness of passive smoking, these individuals continue to smoke in front of their family members and children.

An optical biosensor is a specialized analytical device that utilizes the principles of optics and light in bimolecular processes. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is a phenomenon in the realm of nanophotonics that occurs when metallic nanoparticles (NPs) or nanostructures interact with incident light. Conversely, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an influential analytical technique based on Raman scattering, wherein it amplifies the Raman signals of molecules when they are situated near specific and specially designed nanostructures. A detailed exploration of the recent ground-breaking developments in optical biosensors employing LSPR and SERS technologies has been thoroughly discussed along with their underlying principles and the working mechanisms. A biosensor chip has been created, featuring a high-density deposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under varying ligand concentration and reaction duration on the substrate. An ordinary description, along with a visual illustration, has been thoroughly provided for concepts such as a sensogram, refractive index shift, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and the evanescent field, Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, as well as the electromagnetic enhancement and chemical enhancement. LSPR and SERS both have advantages and disadvantages, but widely used SERS has some advantages over LSPR, like chemical specificity, high sensitivity, multiplexing, and versatility in different fields. This review confirms and elucidates the significance of different disease biomarker identification. LSPR and SERS both play a vital role in the detection of various types of cancer, such as cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and brain tumors. This proposed optical biosensor offers potential applications for early diagnosis and monitoring of viral disease, bacterial infectious diseases, fungal diseases, diabetes, and cardiac disease biosensing. LSPR and SERS provide a new direction for environmental monitoring, food safety, refining impurities from water samples, and lead detection. The understanding of these biosensors is still limited and challenging.

A biomaterial is a component that has been developed to interact with biological systems for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in medicine. Tissue engineering, bioprinting, and regenerative medicine are just a few of the increasingly complex fields where biomaterials are being used. These applications frequently require difficult or even paradoxical combinations of biomaterial qualities that cannot be satisfied by traditional biomaterials. Many novel proposals have been introduced over the past 10 years to make biomaterials self-healing, opening up fresh possibilities for enhancing the functionality of conventional biomaterials. Thus, the selfhealing composite that will be discussed in the present article is one such biomaterial that comes into play. Self-healing composites are composites that automatically heal in the area where damage has occurred. This material draws inspiration from the way our body heals itself through regenerative processes, and these self-healing composites utilise various additional healing methods as well. This paper outlines the various aspects of self-healing composites and their types, with a focus on capsule-based and vascular self-healing systems. As a complement to previous reviews, this paper provides insights into the diverse self-repairing concepts proposed so far, as well as compares the study of healing mechanisms and manufacturing approaches for the assembly of capsule and vascular networks. The current concept of self-healing polymers provides advanced avenues for secure, longer-lasting, and more durable products and parts across a wide range of industries, such as veneers, electronics, transport, and energy.

Objective: The scoping review aims to study the traditional practices of oral health care among tribals of India. Search: The Google Scholar database was searched using a search strategy for articles on traditional oral health-care practices among tribals of India and the composition and properties of medicinal plants used. Two hundred and forty-nine articles were reported in the search and screened for eligibility. Seven articles found suitable have been included in the review. Results: The results showed that 95 plant species were identified that were used for oral health by the tribal population in India. These species were mostly used as toothbrushes, for making toothpastes, and mouthwashes, relieving toothaches, treating bleeding gums, halitosis, and caries, and for whitening the teeth. Conclusion: The plants used have many medicinal properties, which may be why tribals use it.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder in which the upper airway is partially or completely blocked during sleep. As a result, sleep arousal and arterial oxygen saturation are reduced. According to the epidemiological survey, OAS is relatively common among people that may be associated with psychiatric illnesses. Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the stress level among patients suffering from OSA. The secondary objective was to compare the gender preference for stress among patients suffering from OSA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, was performed to assess emotional stress among patients suffering from OSA. The study involved 20 participants diagnosed with OSA and reported to the Respiratory Department. The stress levels of the study participants were evaluated with a validated, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire given by the American Sociological Association (ASA). Result: The stress levels presented by the study participants showed that 40% (n = 8) subjects had moderate stress and 60% (n = 12) had severe stress and 30.3% of females depicted emotional stress and 26.2% of males for the same. Conclusion: There is a high psychological stress level among patients suffering from OSA. The females had higher predictions when compared to males. Such patients should be offered an intervention program aimed at stress management to enhance their quality of life.

Recent research on the use of platelet concentration in medicinal dentistry has enhanced the potential for tissue regeneration. The ability of platelets to enhance tissue regeneration by using different forms of platelet concentration (blood component) such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), standard platelet-rich fibrin, advanced platelet-rich fibrin, etc. PRP became widely used once its potential for tissue regeneration was discovered; however, the use of anticoagulants restricted the easy use of PRP as compared to PRF; however, after the discovery of PRF because of the easy formulation, it became widely used in medicinal dentistry. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the importance of platelet concentration in periodontal regeneration.

Plant products are becoming the topic for discussion because of its properties and many medicinal benefits. Among these natural products, Grapeseed Extract (GSE) is becoming an essential part of medicine. Antibacterial, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antiviral are some of the important properties. Due to its antibacterial property it is used to control various bacterial diseases and eased the course of treatment, many oral bacteria are also inhibited by GSE. GSE has shown considerable results in patients with periodontal diseases and treatment of bone loss. GSE is a potent antioxidant and reduces free radicles and oxidative stress thus inhibiting various adverse effects. GSE contains antioxidant properties which protects body from premature ageing. Antifungal properties are very useful in treatment and prevention of fungal infection. Grapeseed is useful in treating oral candidiasis as well. A number of phytochemicals including resveratrol, Proanthocyanidin (PA) are beneficial in treating cancer and prevents recurrence. The protective properties of plant extracts and phytochemicals are recently been used in prevention of most common oral disease like dental caries in children and adults. Many studies are going on about remineralisation efficiency of phytochemicals in the field of dentistry. It has been shown to increase the dentine resin bond strength if it is added in the primer and also effectively reduces the polymerisation. Another important consideration is the safety doses of GSE, it refers to the quantity or percentage in which it is added in the concerned products so it is safely tolerated and its effects are maximum. Overall, GSE contains many useful properties and is of great clinical importance.

Objectives: This study assesses the opinions of health professionals in Malaysia on the disruption of non-communicable disease (NCD) services during the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to January 2022.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey with 191 non-clinical public health workers and clinical health service workers in Malaysia from November 2021 to January 2022. Participants were recruited by the Malaysian Ministry of Health using major networks including key experts and practitioners. Secondary respondents were subsequently enrolled through snowballing.Results: The most notable issues raised by the survey participants relate to NCD service disruption, the redirection of NCD care resources, and NCD care being overburdened post-pandemic. Respondents also reported accounts of resilience and prompt reaction from the healthcare system, as well as calls for innovation.Conclusion: Most respondents perceived that the challenges arising from COVID-19 were mostly managed well by the healthcare system, which was able to provide the necessary services to NCD patients during this health emergency. However, the study identifies gaps in the health system response and preparedness capacity, and highlights solutions for strengthening NCD services.

The conventional method of fabricating Complete Dentures (CDs) consists of many clinical and laboratory steps, making it more susceptible to certain problems and inevitable errors. With the advances in the field of technology, these errors can be avoided or minimised. Digital technology making use of computers for designing and or manufacturing CDs is referred to as digital dentures. In this, entire dentures are made by machining the denture’s bases using Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Technology’s quick development in the form of CAD/CAM has had a significant impact on all areas of dentistry, but notably prosthodontics and restorative dentistry. This system has not only simplified the process of fabrication of CDs but also reduced the clinical chairside time, number of dental appointments and helped to deliver error free dentures. It also helps to store the data in digital form which can be utilised further for fabricating other sets of dentures for that particular patient. The most important advantage over conventional denture is that, it lacks polymerisation shrinkage of the acrylic resin and exhibit high strength. Furthermore, it also eliminates laboratory work time. The provision of prosthodontic treatment requires the patient, a qualified physician, and competent laboratory personnel on various levels. The goal of the current review article was to demonstrate how modern technology may replace the traditional approach not only by making labour easier but, also by enabling precise full denture production.

Introduction: Living a physically and mentally healthy lifestyle is equally vital. It occurs at all socioeconomic levels and affects individuals of all backgrounds. It is estimated that 450 million people are suffering from mental problems worldwide. Irrespective of the cause, everyone should be aware that poor dental health impacts overall health. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of oral health for people with different psychiatric illnesses in Maharashtra, to determine whether these people’s level of oral health correlates with other characteristics and to determine the extent of the issue with dental health and the best way to address it. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ninety-eight patients receiving care at the Psychiatric department of Maharashtra, India, between April and May 2022 were included. A case history Performa was prepared to gather detailed information on all aspects. The oral examination was done by examining lymph nodes, lips, tongue, gums and tissue, saliva, natural teeth, oral cleanliness, and dental pain with a sterile mouth mirror and probe using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) for Dental Screening Modified from Kayser-Jones . Dental caries was reported using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Furthermore, Helkimo’s TMJ Index was used to assess Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). Descriptive statistics were used to observe frequency variation. Result: The participants patients mean age was 41.33±13.58 years, and their range of age was 21-65 years. The male to female ratio of the study population was 1:1.13. Sleep disorders (24.50%) and anxiety (22.40%) were the most prevalent psychiatric conditions impacting the research population. The oral health examination of the patients described changes in the oral cavity and associated factors, including lips, tongue, gums and tissues, saliva, natural teeth, oral cleanliness, and dental pain. 59.10% of the participants had moderate to severe TMJ dysfunction. The range of the DMFT score was 3 to 17 (mean 7.89±3.21). The participants’ TMJ Index score ranged from 0 to 17 (mean 5.51±4.48). More than half of the participants (59.10 %) had moderate to severe TMJ dysfunction. Conclusion: Maharashtra’s psychiatric patients have poor oral health conditions, highlighting the need for oral health education and expanding access to dental care for these patients.

Introduction: Aphthous ulcer is seen to be one of the most commonly occurring ailments found among patients that dentists may come across on a daily basis. Taking into consideration, the agents that have been used for treatment of Aphthous stomatitis safety, least toxic properties with symptomatic relief and topical application are considered. These days there are few reliable natural remedies which are emerging as a therapy for aphthae. Herbal and polyherbal medicines will alleviate pain, induce healing, prevent infection and lessen inflammation in aphthous ulcers without any adverse effects. Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Jati Ghrita and 1% chlorhexidine gluconate on aphthous stomatitis patients. Materials and Methods: A randomised control trial will be carried out for an expected time of 3-4 months, in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Dattatray Ayurvedic Rasashala, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. The study population consisting of 30 patients (age 18-65 years) with Aphthous stomatitis will be divided randomly into two groups i.e., Jati Ghrita and 1% Chlorhexidine gluconate, each group consisting of 15 patients. Efficacy will be assessed by patient’s response through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and oral physician’s observation-5 point Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) scale. The intergroup comparison will be done by independent sample t-test. Expected Results: Jati Ghrita is expected to be effective in faster healing of aphthous stomatitis with reduction in pain. Jati is also expected to be more effective than 1% chlorhexidine gluconate. Conclusion: Hence, this study will evaluate and compare the efficacy of Jati Ghrita and 1% chlorhexidine gluconate on aphthous stomatitis.

Utilisation of tobacco is one of the most serious problems affecting human health worldwide, despite the fact that the early fatality caused by tobacco use are growing, regardless of the fact that it is avoidable tobacco consumption is very common, considerable resources have been allocated to this issue. On tobacco prevention, a range of strategies have been tested but the ratio of death due to tobacco and number of tobacco consumers is increasing day by day. Various impediments to tobacco quitting have been recognized, all of which contribute to the failure of various tobacco cessation programs and methodologies. Individuals in the India have attempted or considered quitting smoking at some point in their lives but ended in failure. Existing tobacco cessation programs have not out-turned in a decrease in the figure of tobacco users or deaths, necessitating a new strategy. Tobacco cessation on prescription, developed from physical activity on prescription (PAP), can be a useful method in terms of public health. But yet no studies have ever been conducted over this. Further studies on this can explore results of tobacco quitting after prescription from general physician or other medical practitioner, evaluative beliefs about tobacco consumption and barriers in quitting even after prescription. Hence the present review was done with explore the outcomes for cessation of tobacco based upon utilization of tobacco cessation by prescription (TCP) methodology in Indian scenario. This review paper focuses on TCP as a need for newer approach pertaining to Indian perspective. Future study should look at whether raising the rate of stop attempts are improving the tobacco cessation rate in the general population after the implementation of TCP.

The use of salivary biomarkers in diagnosis, treatment, and overall prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been developed recently. Salivary biomarkers are extremely promising as they are fast to obtain and involve noninvasive collection of specimens. Monitoring patients in real time is necessary in this pandemic. Saliva is another biofluid with major advantages at the molecular level. Methods that detect viral presence in the host secretions measure the current infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), whereas the detection of human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 evaluates the past exposure to the virus. There is an urgent need to increase the active research for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva because diagnostics may provide a reliable and cost-effective method and is suitable for the fast and early detection of COVID-19 infection. Salivary biomarkers have a potential to be a vital guide in determining coronavirus disease. Many people still do not get results of COVID-19 tests due to imbalance between supply and demand at large testing centers. The use of saliva has various advantages compared to collection of nasopharyngeal swabs. New techniques should be developed for detecting salivary biomarkers that help in diagnosis of COVID-19.

The human teeth are considered as hard tissues similar to finger impressions (trustworthy means in a body found before decay or marring). Forensic dentistry is a comparatively young science that employs the awareness of dentists to assist the legal system. It has recognised itself as a vital science in medical and legal problems, particularly in the areas of individual recognition, sex determination, and age approximation. Teeth are highly repellent to surrounding influences like erosion, dehydration, putrefaction, and they can be utilised as criminal proofs. Skeletal remains, particularly teeth, can be used to identify people in crimes and catastrophic disasters. Enamel rod end motifs have recently become prominent as a subject of study. Ameloglyphics is a phrase that has been used to describe the investigation of these prints. The tooth imprints are one of a kind with differences between teeth from different people as well as within the same person. In terms of criminal dental recognition, mostly when it comes to recognising preys of man-made disasters, such as multiple casualties in army conflicts and wars, new and applicable methods of recognition and validation are urgently needed. This review article focuses on the rationale for employing enamel rod end patterns, as well as the methods for collecting them and identifying their sub-patterns and further suggests these tooth prints as analogues for fingerprints in deceased identification in disasters, crimes and other tragedies.

Smile designing is a branch of cosmetic dental procedure that corrects imperfections of the teeth and restores dental health and appearance of the person. Today Digital Smile Design (DSD) is changing the future of dental practice worldwide. It’s a unique approach to modern dentistry is revolutionising smile designing clinics worldwide. DSD is a software which used worldwide, is based on specific photographs and software analysis. DSD is a tool (software) that helps in easy communication and discussion between all the smile designers, dental laboratory technician as well as with patients. DSD especially can be used in a multidisciplinary approach and hence not only used in prosthetic rehabilitation but also used in other branches of dentistry like Orthodontic, Periodontics, etc., The concept of smile designing is not new. The need of aesthetic can be traced from the earliest civilisations of both the Phoenicians (about 800 BC) and Etruscians (about 900 BC). They used to carve animal tusks to simulate the shape, form and hue of natural teeth. Pierre Fauchard (1678-1761) from of France, together with several colleagues modernised and promoted dentistry and also started aesthetic practices. There are many parameters such as dentofacial parameter, gingival parameter, ease of use, documentation ability, cost, time required, systematic digital workflow and organisation, and compatibility of the program with Computer-aided design/Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) or other parameters that may affect the user’s decision. DSD helps both clinician and patient to improve treatment planning and stimulate the final results of the treatment. There are many software available, and the clinicians can use any of the software according to their needs. Some software can be used easily as a mobile app. This article reviews the basic principles of smile design, various parameters of smile design, comparison of various software, uses, advantages and limitations of DSD.

Introduction: The orthodontic treatment focuses on improving facial aesthetics and functional occlusion by improving the masticatory function, including masticatory chewing pattern, masticatory muscle activity, maximum occlusal force, and occlusal contact area. In orthodontics, every decision is based on the patient’s growth pattern and muscle strength. Aim: To evaluate the gonial angle, hand grip strength and association of the gonial angle with Hand Grip Strength (HGS) in vertical, horizontal and average growers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 24th June 2021 to 24th July 2022 in the Department of Orthodontics at Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital in Sawangi, Wardha District, Maharashtra, India on a total of 196 patients. Data were categorised according to the growth pattern. For the vertical growth pattern, 49 patients were selected, 49 for the horizontal growth pattern, and 98 for the average growth pattern. A Jamar hand dynamometer was used to measure HGS and gonial angle using a lateral cephalogram. Study compared the results using inferential and descriptive statistics with a Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (one-way) and multiple comparisons with the Tukey’s test. Also, p-value

Introduction: Root Canal Treatment (RCT) is the most common and effective treatment for saving natural tooth. Despite of modern technology and progress in the materials, failures in endodontic treatment still remains. Microbial infection majorly bacteria in the root canal is the prime cause of reinfection in root canal treatment. Endodontic instruments, solvents, lasers are the different techniques that can be used for removing gutta percha from the root canal. Aim: To compare the efficacy of orange oil, lemon oil, and xylene as solvents in removing gutta percha from curved root canals. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study conducted in Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha, Maharashtra, India, for three months and 24 freshly extracted teeth including incisors, premolars and molars having curved root will be taken. Then, RCT would be performed in all the extracted teeth by using cold lateral compression obturation method. Then all teeth would be divided in three groups (n=8). After one month, the Gutta Percha (GP) would removed by ProTaper Universal system. First group will use orange oil as solvent, second group will use lemon oil as solvent and the third group will use xylene as a solvent. The micro-Computed Tomography (CT) images prior to the application of solvent and after application of solvent will be taken and would be evaluated to check the percentage of filling material remaining. Results: The expected outcome is orange oil and lemon oil to act as a better root canal solvent, as compared to xylene. Conclusion: The determination and comparison of the efficacy of orange oil, lemon oil and xylene as GP solvents from the present planned study will help the clinicians during re-RCT treatment.

Introduction: To facilitate good oral health, plaque control by toothbrushing is of utmost importance. The poor oral hygiene leads to accumulation of plaque and calculus. It is the primary aetiological factor for gingival diseases. Aim: To compare the plaque removal efficacy of toothbrush bristles containing neem and charcoal to assess the effect on oral hygiene. Materials And Methods: This was a double-blind, randomised clinical trial conducted among 30 participants of age group between 33 to 44 years, who reported to the Outpatient Department of Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Maharashtra, India, for 21 days, in June 2021. Neem and charcoal toothbrushes were given to allotted participants and plaque index was measured at baseline, 7th day, and 15th day. For intergroup and intragroup comparison Independent t-test and repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were used. Results: The mean plaque index score of neem toothbrush and charcoal toothbrush at baseline was 2.13 and 2.18 and, on day 7th was 1.79 and 1.48, respectively. No significant difference was found between the plaque scores of both the groups at baseline and seven days. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the plaque index at 15th day between neem (1.21) and charcoal (0.61) groups with p-value=0.004. Conclusion: It is concluded that when compared to neem toothbrushes, charcoal toothbrushes had greater plaque control efficacy for maintaining good oral hygiene.

Salvicine is a new diterpenoid quinone substance from a natural source, specifically in a Chinese herb. It has powerful growth-controlling abilities against a broad range of human cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo environments. A significant inhibitory effect of salvicine on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells has also been discovered. Several research studies have examined the activities of salvicine on topoisomerase II (Topo II) by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. As opposed to the well-known Topo II toxin etoposide, salvicine mostly decreases the catalytic activity with a negligible DNA breakage effect, as revealed by several enzymatic experiments. Interestingly, salvicine dramatically reduces lung metastatic formation in the MDA-MB-435 orthotopic lung cancer cell line. Recent investigations have established that salvicine is a new non-intercalative Topo II toxin by interacting with the ATPase domains, increasing DNA–Topo II interaction, and suppressing DNA relegation and ATP hydrolysis. In addition, investigations have revealed that salvicine-induced ROS play a critical role in the anticancer-mediated signaling pathway, involving Topo II suppression, DNA damage, overcoming multidrug resistance, and tumor cell adhesion suppression, among other things. In the current study, we demonstrate the role of salvicine in regulating the ROS signaling pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) in suppressing the progression of cancer cells. We depict the mechanism of action of salvicine in suppressing the DNA–Topo II complex through ROS induction along with a brief discussion of the anticancer perspective of salvicine.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is assigned as a menace by the WHO (World Health Organization) where diseases resulting from multidrug-resistant bacteria are refractory to treatment as a result of a scarcity of new antibiotics in the queue. Antibiotic stewardship program is one of the worldwide strategies to advertise responsible use of antibiotics to halt AMR. The world has started facing a postantibiotic era without immediate and integrated action. Common infections which were treatable for decades can once again kill. The dentistry contributions towards antibiotic resistance are substantial. Approximately 10% of all common antibiotics are prescribed by dentists. Antimicrobial stewardship is a policy that can assist us in addressing the problems of antibiotic resistance. It is a framework that promotes the truly sustainable use of antimicrobials in dentistry. It refers to the approach which is multifaceted and incorporates policies, and guidelines along with surveillance, reports of prevalence and education, and audit of practice for reducing prescribing, adopted by health care organizations. The prime strategy is to improve clinical results while mitigating unintended consequences such as toxicity, pathogenic organism selection, and resistance emergence. Such issues should be centralized and the ongoing need to identify and convert “responsible usage” into context-specific and time-specific behavior. The importance of the antibiotic stewardship program, its team, and their action has become a challenge for the dental hospital but along with it, there are numerous opportunities to achieve the goal.

Plants have amazing regenerative properties with single somatic cells, or groups of cells able to give rise to fully formed plants. One means of regeneration is somatic embryogenesis, by which an embryonic structure is formed that “converts” into a plantlet. Somatic embryogenesis has been used as a model for zygotic processes that are buried within layers of maternal tissues. Understanding mechanisms of somatic embryo induction and development are important as a more accessible model for seed development. We rely on seed development not only for most of our caloric intake, but also as a delivery system for engineered crops to meet agricultural challenges. Regeneration of transformed cells is needed for this applied work as well as basic research to understand gene function. Here we focus on a MADS-domain transcription factor, AGAMOUS-Like15 (AGL15) that shows a positive correlation between accumulation levels and capacity for somatic embryogenesis. We relate AGL15 function to other transcription factors, hormones, and epigenetic modifiers involved in somatic embryo development.

Abstract Basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of plant specialized metabolites, including terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) in Catharanthus roseus. Two previously characterized subgroup‐IVa bHLH TFs, BIS1 (bHLH Iridoid Synthesis 1) and BIS2 regulate iridoid biosynthesis in the TIA pathway. We reanalyzed the recently updated C. roseus genome sequence and discovered that BIS1 and BIS2 are clustered on the same genomic scaffold with a previously uncharacterized bHLH gene, designated as BIS3. Only a few bHLH gene clusters have been studied to date. Comparative analysis of 49 genome sequences from different plant lineages revealed the presence of analogous bHLH clusters in core angiosperms, including the medicinal plants Calotropis gigantea (giant milkweed) and Gelsemium sempervirens (yellow jessamine), but not in the analyzed basal angiosperm and lower plants. Similar to the iridoid pathway genes, BIS3 is highly expressed in roots and induced by methyl jasmonate. BIS3 activates the promoters of iridoid branch genes, geraniol synthase (GES), geraniol 10‐hydroxylase (G10H), 8‐hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase (8HGO), iridoid synthase (IS), 7‐deoxyloganetic acid glucosyl transferase (7‐DLGT), and 7‐deoxyloganic acid hydroxylase (7DLH), but not iridoid oxidase (IO). Transactivation of the promoters was abolished when BIS3 is converted to a dominant repressor by fusing with the ERF‐associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) sequence. In addition, BIS3 acts synergistically with BIS1 and BIS2 to activate the G10H promoter in tobacco cells. Mutation of the known bHLH TF binding motif, G‐box (CACGTG) in the G10H promoter significantly reduced but did not abolish the transactivation by BIS3. Promoter deletion analysis of G10H suggests that the sequences adjacent to the G‐box are also involved in the regulation by BIS3. Overexpression of BIS3 in C. roseus flower petals significantly upregulated the expression of iridoid biosynthetic genes and increased loganic acid accumulation. BIS2 expression was significantly induced by BIS3 although BIS3 did not directly activate the BIS2 promoter. Our results advance our understanding of the regulation of plant specialized metabolites by bHLH TF clusters.

Introduction: Over the past 2 years, the soft drink industry has seen a value growth of 11%. In total, 1.3 billion people in India drink nearly 5.9 billion liters of soft drinks per year making it one of the highest soft drink-consuming countries in the world. Hence, products such as calcium lactate which efficiently reduce the erosive action of drinks should be better incorporated in soft drinks to limit its adverse effects. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the degree of dental erosion due to soft drinks with and without the presence of 5% calcium lactate. Materials and Methods: Three soft drinks (MaazaCoca-Cola, AppyFizParleAgro, and PepsiPepsiCo) and normal water were taken. A total of 40 dental blocks were randomly allocated into four groups. Surface loss (SL) was assessed using Digital Surfometry. Surfometry readings were taken before and after adding calcium lactate in the above soft drinks for definite time intervals. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. ANOVA was used to assess separately degree of erosion of tooth blocks in all the soft drinks samples with and without 5% calcium lactate. The paired t-test was used to determine the degree of SL within each group before and after adding 5% calcium lactate. Results: In the present study, PepsiPepsiCo had the highest acidic pH (2.7) and showed the highest degree of erosion with a mean value of 1.55 μ ± 0.07. After adding calcium lactate, the highest acidic pH was shown by AppyFizParle Agro (4.45); however, the degree of erosion was still the highest for Pepsi with a mean value of 1.36 μ ± 0.09. Later, each group was compared for SL among themselves with and without the presence of calcium lactate. AppyFizParleAgro showed the highest degree of erosion with a mean value of 0.22 μ ± 0.08. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Conclusion: The erosive action of soft drinks varies widely. The results demonstrate that the addition of 5% calcium lactate to soft drinks significantly decreased dental erosion.

Background: The aim of this study was to find out the clinical correlation between the presence of vancomycin-resistant genes (van A and van B) and their expression as detected by phenotypic tests in colonized patients and in clinical isolates. Materials and Methods: Enterococci were isolated from various clinical samples and also from fecal specimens of colonized patients at the time of admission, after 48 h and after 5 days of admission. Identification to species level was done using standard methods. Vancomycin susceptibility in Enterococci was detected by disc diffusion test. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of van genes. Results: Out of all the clinical and fecal samples processed, 12.0% isolates were either vancomycin resistant or vancomycin intermediate. Further, these isolates carried van A or van B genes as confirmed by PCR methods. Expression of van A gene was found to be more in Enterococcus faecalis (28.3%) as compared to Enterococcus faecium (25.0%) in both clinical and fecal isolates. 16.6% strains of E. faecium and 15.0% strains each of E. faecalis and Enterococcus gallinarum were found to carry van B genes. The overall prevalence of vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) in colonized patients was about 9.6%. Prior administration of antibiotics had significant effect (P = 0.001) on VRE carriage. Urinary tract infection was the most common infection caused by vancomycin susceptible Enterococci (VSE), 105/214 (49.0%) and VRE, 13/36 (36.1%). There was no significant difference (P = 0.112) in the distribution of VRE and VSE in different infection types. Both clinical and fecal VRE showed maximum resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and piperacillin. Resistance to linezolid was 2.8% in clinically isolated VRE. Conclusion: VRE in our study were found to be resistant to a number of commonly used antibiotics. The frequency of isolation of vancomycin resistant E. faecalis (VRE.fs), which is highly virulent, and the number of strains harboring van A gene in our hospital setup is high and needs to be addressed.

Background: The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between presence of virulence (gelatinase [gel E], enterococcal surface protein [esp], cytolysin A [cyl A], hyaluronidase [hyl], and aggregation substance [asa1]) and vancomycin-resistant genes (van A and van B) in enterococci, with their phenotypic expression. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 isolates (250 each clinical and fecal) were processed. Enterococci were isolated from various clinical samples and from fecal specimens of colonized patients. Various virulence determinants namely asa1, esp, hyl, gel E, and cyl were detected by phenotypic methods. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined by agar dilution method. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of virulence and van genes. Results: Out of all the samples processed, 12.0% (60/500) isolates carried van A or van B genes as confirmed by MIC test and PCR methods. Genes responsible for virulence were detected by multiplex PCR and at least one of the five was detected in all the clinical vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (VSE). gel E, esp, and hyl genes were found to be significantly higher in clinical VRE. Of the fecal isolates, presence of gel E, esp, and asa1 was significantly higher in VRE as compared to VSE. The presence of hyl gene in the clinical VRE was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.043) as against the fecal VRE. Correlation between the presence of virulence genes and their expression as detected by phenotypic tests showed that while biofilm production was seen in 61.1% (22/36) of clinical VRE, the corresponding genes, i.e., asa1 and esp were detected in 30.5% (11/36) and 27.8% (10/36) of strains only. Conclusion: Enterococcus faecium isolates were found to carry esp gene, a phenomenon that has been described previously only for Enterococcus faecalis, but we were unable to correlate the presence of esp with their capacity to form biofilms.

Background: The aim of study was to find out the potential pathogenic role of virulence factors elaborated by strains of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from clinical samples and VRE colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods: Enterococci were isolated from various clinical samples and also from fecal specimens of colonized patients at the time of admission, after 48 h and after 5 days of admission. Various virulence determinants were detected by phenotypic tests. Vancomycin susceptibility in enterococci was detected by disc diffusion and agar screen method. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method. Results: Out of all the clinical and fecal samples processed, 12.0% isolates were either vancomycin resistant or vancomycin intermediate. Hemagglutinating activity against rabbit red blood cells was seen with 27.8% and 25.0% of clinical and fecal strains, respectively. Slime layer formation was seen with fecal VRE strains (37.5%) when compared to clinical VRE (27.8%). Among the clinical VRE strains the most prolific biofilm producers were Enterococcus. fecalis (92.9%) when compared to Enterococcus. faecium (52.9%). Biofilm formation/(presence of adhesions) was also seen in (29.2%) of the fecal VREs. In wound infection production of gelatinase, deoxyribonuclease (DNase), and caseinase (70.0% each) were the major virulence factors. The predominant virulence factors seen in the blood stream infection were adhesin, and hemolysin (44.4% each) and in catheter induced infection were DNase and adhesins (75.0% each). Adhesin (29.2%), slime layer (37.6%), DNAse (33.3%), gelatinase (25.0%), lipase (20.8%) and caseinase (16.6%) and hemolysin (8.3%) were produced the fecal isolates. Conclusion: An association between adhesin (as detected by biofilm formation) and urinary tract infection, adhesion and hemolysin with BSI, as also between DNase gelatinase & caseinase with wound infection was noted.

Introduction: An area of dentistry called orthodontics focuses on repositioning crooked teeth and regulating facial development. Orthodontists and oral surgeons use cephalometric analysis as a planning tool for their patient care. Conventional film-based radiography equipment has been replaced with direct digital devices, which have advantages such as reduced patient radiation exposure, immediate radiographic image generation, the removal of the need for darkrooms, and simple image sharing. The second-most typical craniofacial abnormality that results in birth abnormalities is cleft lip and palate. Such patients frequently do not receive cephalometric testing because of their hypoplastic growth and limited development. Research is needed to help plan a standard treatment regimen, perform orthognathic operations, and use a low-radiation analysis technique. Objectives: To evaluate skeletal and dental parameters for cleft lip and palate using Down analysis, Steiner's analysis, and Tweed's analysis using Nemoceph. Methods: Around 50 cases from cleft lip and palate and non-cleft lip and palate will be selected from the orthodontics department of Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital. Steiner's, Down's, and Tweed's analyses will be evaluated using Nemoceph. Further analysis will be conducted using the observational data from the readings. There will be millimetre-based measurements made. Comparative analysis will be done with one-way ANOVA and post hoc statistics and regression analysis will be done for association of demographic variables. Expected outcomes: This study will use the nasion as a stable landmark to evaluate point A in cleft lip and palate patients, making it easier to perform normal cephalometric analysis. This will enable the evaluation of the probable position of point A for performing cephalometric analysis in orthodontics.

Background: Consumption of tobacco all over the world is considered to create morbidity and mortality that could be potentially preventable. Tobacco is said to be the major cause for non-communicable disease all over the world. Mortality because of NCDs responsible for about 63%. Total 80% of the deaths related to tobacco occur in the Low- and Middle-Income Countries throughout the world. Aim: This protocol will aid in conduct of research to assess and compare the efficacy of Multi theory Model and Modified Multi theory model as against Transtheoretical model Methods: The research will be carried out in a primary health care facility. The study design is three arm parallel cluster randomized interventional trial and cluster sampling method has been selected. The sample size has been calculated to 240 i.e 80 in each group. The Study will be conducted in primary health centre of the university for conducting community-based projects. The personnel at the main health centre will create the allotment sequence, register candidates, and allocate people to interventions Participant Identification Form, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, Smoking Abstinence Scale, and urine cotinine level will be used to collect data. In- person interviews will be conducted by the researcher for assessing the data. Following the completion of the trainings, post-test data was obtained by handling all data collecting instruments, including the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Smoking Abstinence Scale, and urine cotinine level. Participant Identification Form: the form, which was prepared by the researcher in line with the related literature, included 16 questions. Expected Outcome: On overcoming the limitations of transtheoretical model by conducting theory comparison and multiple-behavior research can prove to be a better approach for smoking cessation to the community.

ABSTRACT: Background and Objective: Primary health center (PHC) settings offer opportunities for tobacco use screening and brief cessation advice. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how thoroughly participants were screened for premalignant lesions associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco use, as well as how closely these lesions correlated with body mass index (BMI). Methods: In a PHC, 150 participants aged 18 and above participated in this cross-sectional study. During the study period, tobacco consumption was habitual for 128 males and 22 females at the PHC. The interviewer gathered information to document the subjects' history of tobacco use, general demographics, and opinions regarding passive smoking through the administration of a questionnaire. Each participant received an oral assessment. The Chi-square statistics were used for data analysis. Results: In all of the 150 participants, 20 were smokers, and 32 adopted both smokeless and smoked tobacco. Premalignant disorders with a duration of more than 10 years were more commonly observed in the age range of 36 to 50 years. When the frequency was analyzed, 47% of lesions had consumption between one and five times per day and 71% of robust indications had daily consumption between six and ten times per day. Conclusion: According to the findings, there is no conclusive evidence linking a lesion to BMI, and despite their awareness of passive smoking, these individuals continue to smoke in front of their family members and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biomaterial is a component that has been developed to interact with biological systems for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in medicine. Tissue engineering, bioprinting, and regenerative medicine are just a few of the increasingly complex fields where biomaterials are being used. These applications frequently require difficult or even paradoxical combinations of biomaterial qualities that cannot be satisfied by traditional biomaterials. Many novel proposals have been introduced over the past 10 years to make biomaterials self-healing, opening up fresh possibilities for enhancing the functionality of conventional biomaterials. Thus, the selfhealing composite that will be discussed in the present article is one such biomaterial that comes into play. Self-healing composites are composites that automatically heal in the area where damage has occurred. This material draws inspiration from the way our body heals itself through regenerative processes, and these self-healing composites utilise various additional healing methods as well. This paper outlines the various aspects of self-healing composites and their types, with a focus on capsule-based and vascular self-healing systems. As a complement to previous reviews, this paper provides insights into the diverse self-repairing concepts proposed so far, as well as compares the study of healing mechanisms and manufacturing approaches for the assembly of capsule and vascular networks. The current concept of self-healing polymers provides advanced avenues for secure, longer-lasting, and more durable products and parts across a wide range of industries, such as veneers, electronics, transport, and energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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