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Purpose: This study aimed to explain creative thinking patterns, including imaginative thinking, divergent thinking, and lateral thinking of students in scientific work. The scientific work studied was in the form of the Student Creativity Program at Malang State University, Indonesia. Research Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with content analysis method. The data were in the form of sentences, sentence groups, paragraphs, paragraph clusters, and whole text. The data source of this research was the writing of student scientific work. The data were collected through surveys, documentation studies, and interviews. The process of data analysis was grouped into three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that (1) the pattern of imaginative thinking in student scientific work appeared in the diversity of ideas based on experience and use of metaphorical language. Ideas were born through simple propositions in paragraph form. (2) Divergent thinking patterns in student scientific work could be seen from the diversity of ideas and techniques for problem solving. Criteria for markers of divergent thinking patterns were characterized by originality, flexibility or elaboration. (3) Lateral thinking patterns in student scientific work could be seen from the use of a variety of unique ideas according to the complexity of problem solving. Implications for Research and Practice: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that creative thinking patterns of students in scientific work showed the use of various forms of ideas in accordance with the complexity of problem solving. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the importance of using creative thinking patterns in scientific writing. However, for further research it is recommended that we examine creative thinking patterns with different levels of objects so that the findings of this study appear more widely in various levels.

Purpose: This study aimed to measure the effect of the critical literacy approach on pre-service language teachers' critical reading skills. The critical reading skills measured consisted of six levels: interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation. Research Methods: This study was designed as a quasi-experiment which involved 56 pre-service teachers studying at the Indonesian Language Teaching Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia. Research data was collected using a critical reading test. Prior to the study, a package of instructional materials was developed for the experimental group. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics and ANCOVA test with pretest scores as the covariate. Significance level was determined at a = 0.05. Findings: The results of the study indicated that the critical literacy approach had a significant effect on the pre-service language teachers' critical reading skills. The experimental group achieved better at critical reading skills and reached higher post-test scores on average. It indicated that the critical literacy approach had a significant effect on critical reading skills, which include interpretation, analysis, making an inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation. Implications for Research and Practice: Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the critical literacy approach was effective in improving the students' critical reading skills. These findings suggest that the process of reading a text critically from the domination perspective can develop students' critical thinking. Future research could possibly discuss the results of a test conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the critical literacy approach based on gender variables, cognitive ability levels, and reading habit.

The ability to think critically and creatively is essential for students to help them thrive in the 21st century. Creative and critical thinking can be measured through problem solving because the assessment contains tasks that require students to find problems, analyze and evaluate problems, and work out the solutions. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a critical and creative reading assessment model based on problem solving and test the validity and reliability of the assessment. The assessment contained problem-solving essay tests that were presented in the form of stories. The material stimulus was news item texts that focused on social problems. The data collected were in the form of mean scores of expert validity testing and practitioner inter-rater reliability testing. The assessment was tried out to 36 students. The validity of the instrument was analyzed descriptively, while the reliability of the instrument was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with SPSS 26. The results of the study indicated that the mean score of the expert validity test was categorized high (3.74), and the result of the reliability test showed that there was no difference in the inter-rater assessment because p > 0.05 and the ICC obtained was excellent (r[subscript xx] = 0.716). It can be concluded that the assessment developed in this study was valid and reliable, and thus can be used as an assessment to improve the critical-creative reading skills which are the essential skills needed to survive and thrive in the 21st century.

The Malaysian Mah Meri tribal mask is one of the primitive masks whose existence has become an artifact stored in museums and become a medium of learning for the younger generation about their culture. The masks made are representations of ancestors and are used in worship ceremonies dedicated to their ancestors. These masks are used for funeral rituals and fertility ceremonies and serve as provisions for the dead in graves or as grave guards. The Mah Meri tribe is a sub-ethnic group of indigenous people living along the coast of Selangor. This community group has long lived in the area, and their daily life is farming. Among the routine life of the Mah Meri tribe, there is the Mah Meri mask dance which displays the history of the ancestors of the Mah Meri tribe and represents the animals that live on the land, in the swamps or rivers they encounter, both good and bad. Problems arise when the animal masks of the Mah Meri tribe are displayed at the Asian Art museum. Besides not being widely known, they also have minimal information, which is not enough to be used as a learning medium. The research method used is the Borg and Gall development model, which is simplified into 4 steps, namely (1) research and information gathering; (2) planning; (3) developing the initial form of the product; and (4) the final product revision. The result of this development is a 3D application that can be used as a learning medium to help tourists of all ages learn the masks of Orang Asli Malaysia in museums more easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ndambu culture is one of the local wisdoms of the people of Kimaima, Papua, the eastern part of Indonesia, which must be preserved in today's globalized world because cultural values are now being abandoned by the development of globalization. The current generation is also starting to leave the culture of child initiation, so efforts are needed to preserve culture in traditional ways. Preserving cultural values has importance because it contains an ethno-pedagogy about parenting children to be personally responsible, independent, and autonomous. Even though there have been many studies on the local wisdom system of the community, there lies a paucity of research that looks at ethno-pedagogy in the community. Thus, further studies are needed to explore this ethno-pedagogy in the local Papuan community, namely Kimaima. Researchers believe that in cultural life there are patterns of knowledge transformation for the younger generation as an effort to transform local knowledge and maintain culture. The research method used in this study is qualitative with an ethnographic design. Findings suggest that (1) the forms of speech in the rah kwo and mawo kwo rituals include: (a) forms of explanatory speech, (b) forms of kinship greetings, (c) parables, (d) messages, and (e) form of speech prohibition; (2) The meaning of speech includes: (a) educational meaning, (b) sociological meaning (social interaction, helping each other), and (c) philosophical meaning (patience); (3) the functions of speech are (a) expressing feelings, (b) the function of hope, and (c) the function of advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topeng Panji is an iconic mask that can be found in the Panji Museum, Topeng village and in the Malang mask dance performance. With support from the Panji Topeng Ballet in Malang, it is time for the international community to learn about this Panji mask tourism village. However, there is a lack of promotional resources regarding this tourism village. The Panji mask tourism needs to be further developed to be worthy of becoming an international standard tour. This research was conducted to support the growth of the tourism sector with the aim of increasing the local economy. The Borg and Gall development model was used. An innovative Nusantara Heritage website was produced which should increase interest in visiting the tourism village by both local and foreign tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peace-loving-themed short stories have some potential to reconstruct national characters. Such characters are paramount in response to the lack of tolerance during the millennial era. Such short stories can be implemented through various modes, one of them being short-story appreciation. When the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic hit Indonesia, the government suggested shifting schools to online learning. One of the online learning platforms used in Indonesia is the Learning Management System (LMS). The purpose of the current research is to develop via LMS instructional materials for short-stories appreciation using peace-loving-themed short stories that aim at strengthening national characters. This study used the research and development design proposed by Borg and Gall. The instructional materials developed are in the form of e-learning website which consists of formulated tasks of short stories appreciation. The validation test shows that this type of learning material is valid and applicable to be used. The instructional material includes contents focusing on the theme of peace-loving stories. Moreover, the aspects of national characters boosted by this type of material includes tolerance, equality, altruism (caring for others), empathy, and sympathy, which are depicted through the characters in the stories. The forms of tasks are also designed in a way to expose the national characters conveyed in the stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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