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5. Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands

Author

Risch, A. C., Zimmermann, S., Ochoa-Hueso, R., Schütz, M., Frey, B., Firn, J. L., Fay, P. A., Hagedorn, F., Borer, E. T., Seabloom, E. W., Harpole, W. S., Knops, J. M. H., McCulley, R. L., Broadbent, A. A. D., Stevens, C. J., Silveira, M. L., Adler, P. B., Báez, S., Biederman, L. A., Blair, J. M., Brown, C. S., Caldeira, M. C., Collins, S. L., Daleo, P., di Virgilio, A., Ebeling, A., Eisenhauer, N., Esch, E., Eskelinen, A., Hagenah, N., Hautier, Y., Kirkman, K. P., MacDougall, A. S., Moore, J. L., Power, S. A., Prober, S. M., Roscher, C., Sankaran, M., Siebert, J., Speziale, K. L., Tognetti, P. M., Virtanen, R., Yahdjian, L., and Moser, B.

Published
2019
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6. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Price, J., Sitters, J., Ohlert, Timothy, Tognetti, P.M., Brown, C, Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth, Prober, S., Bakker, L., MacDougall, Andrew S., Yahdjian, L., Gruner, Daniel S., Olde Venterink, Harry, Barrio, Isabel C., Graff, P., Bagchi, Sumanta, Arnillas, C.A., Bakker, J.D., Blumenthal, Dana M., Boughton, Elizabeth H., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, M.C., Dickman, C. R., Donohue, Ian, Gregory, S., Hautier, Y., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Lannes, L.S., Mcculley, Rebecca, Power, S.A., Risch, A., Schütz, Martin, Standish, Rachel J., Stevens, Carly, Veen, G.F., Virtanen, Risto, and Wardle, Glenda M.

Published
2022

7. 'More than just numbers on a page?' A qualitative exploration of the use of data collection and feedback in youth mental health services.

Author

Scott, J, Hamilton, C, Filia, K, Lloyd, S, Prober, S, Duncan, E, Scott, J, Hamilton, C, Filia, K, Lloyd, S, Prober, S, and Duncan, E

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore current data collection and feedback practice, in the form of monitoring and evaluation, among youth mental health (YMH) services and healthcare commissioners; and to identify barriers and enablers to this practice. DESIGN: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom videoconferencing software. Data collection and analysis were informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Data were deductively coded to the 14 domains of the TDF and inductively coded to generate belief statements. SETTING: Healthcare commissioning organisations and YMH services in Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty staff from healthcare commissioning organisations and twenty staff from YMH services. RESULTS: The umbrella behaviour 'monitoring and evaluation' (ME) can be sub-divided into 10 specific sub-behaviours (e.g. planning and preparing, providing technical assistance, reviewing and interpreting data) performed by healthcare commissioners and YMH services. One hundred belief statements relating to individual, social, or environmental barriers and enablers were generated. Both participant groups articulated a desire to improve the use of ME for quality improvement and had particular interest in understanding the experiences of young people and families. Identified enablers included services and commissioners working in partnership, data literacy (including the ability to set appropriate performance indicators), relational skills, and provision of meaningful feedback. Barriers included data that did not adequately depict service performance, problems with data processes and tools, and the significant burden that data collection places on YMH services with the limited resources they have to do it. CONCLUSIONS: Importantly, this study illustrated that the use of ME could be improved. YMH services, healthcare commissioners should collaborate on ME plans and meaningfully involve young people and families where possible. Targets, performan

Published
2022

8. Evolutionary history of grazing and resources determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity

Author

Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Sitters, J. (Judith), Ohlert, T. (Timothy), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Bakker, E. S. (Elisabeth S.), MacDougall, A. S. (Andrew S.), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), Gruner, D. S. (Daniel S.), Olde Venterink, H. (Harry), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Graff, P. (Pamela), Bagchi, S. (Sumanta), Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos Alberto), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Blumenthal, D. M. (Dana M.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Brudvig, L. A. (Lars A.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Dickman, C. R. (Chris R.), Donohue, I. (Ian), Grégory, S. (Sonnier), Hautier, Y. (Yann), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg S.), Lannes, L. S. (Luciola S.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Schütz, M. (Martin), Standish, R. (Rachel), Stevens, C. J. (Carly J.), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Wardle, G. M. (Glenda M.), Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Sitters, J. (Judith), Ohlert, T. (Timothy), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Bakker, E. S. (Elisabeth S.), MacDougall, A. S. (Andrew S.), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), Gruner, D. S. (Daniel S.), Olde Venterink, H. (Harry), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Graff, P. (Pamela), Bagchi, S. (Sumanta), Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos Alberto), Bakker, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Blumenthal, D. M. (Dana M.), Boughton, E. H. (Elizabeth H.), Brudvig, L. A. (Lars A.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Dickman, C. R. (Chris R.), Donohue, I. (Ian), Grégory, S. (Sonnier), Hautier, Y. (Yann), Jónsdóttir, I. S. (Ingibjörg S.), Lannes, L. S. (Luciola S.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Schütz, M. (Martin), Standish, R. (Rachel), Stevens, C. J. (Carly J.), Veen, G. F. (G. F.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), and Wardle, G. M. (Glenda M.)

Abstract

Ecological models predict that the effects of mammalian herbivore exclusion on plant diversity depend on resource availability and plant exposure to ungulate grazing over evolutionary time. Using an experiment replicated in 57 grasslands on six continents, with contrasting evolutionary history of grazing, we tested how resources (mean annual precipitation and soil nutrients) determine herbivore exclusion effects on plant diversity, richness and evenness. Here we show that at sites with a long history of ungulate grazing, herbivore exclusion reduced plant diversity by reducing both richness and evenness and the responses of richness and diversity to herbivore exclusion decreased with mean annual precipitation. At sites with a short history of grazing, the effects of herbivore exclusion were not related to precipitation but differed for native and exotic plant richness. Thus, plant species’ evolutionary history of grazing continues to shape the response of the world’s grasslands to changing mammalian herbivory.

Published
2022

9. Nutrient enrichment increases invertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage in grasslands

Author

Ebeling, A. (Anne), Strauss, A. T. (Alex T.), Adler, P. B. (Peter B.), Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Biederman, L. A. (Lori A.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Daleo, P. (Pedro), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Fay, P. A. (Philip A.), Firn, J. (Jennifer), Graff, P. (Pamela), Hagenah, N. (Nicole), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Komatsu, K. J. (Kimberly J.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Mitchell, C. E. (Charles E.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Pascual, J. (Jesus), Peri, P. L. (Pablo L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Roscher, C. (Christiane), Sankaran, M. (Mahesh), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Schielzeth, H. (Holger), Schütz, M. (Martin), Speziale, K. L. (Karina L.), Tedder, M. (Michelle), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Blumenthal, D. M. (Dana M.), Ebeling, A. (Anne), Strauss, A. T. (Alex T.), Adler, P. B. (Peter B.), Arnillas, C. A. (Carlos A.), Barrio, I. C. (Isabel C.), Biederman, L. A. (Lori A.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Bugalho, M. N. (Miguel N.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Daleo, P. (Pedro), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Fay, P. A. (Philip A.), Firn, J. (Jennifer), Graff, P. (Pamela), Hagenah, N. (Nicole), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Komatsu, K. J. (Kimberly J.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Mitchell, C. E. (Charles E.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Pascual, J. (Jesus), Peri, P. L. (Pablo L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Roscher, C. (Christiane), Sankaran, M. (Mahesh), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Schielzeth, H. (Holger), Schütz, M. (Martin), Speziale, K. L. (Karina L.), Tedder, M. (Michelle), Virtanen, R. (Risto), and Blumenthal, D. M. (Dana M.)

Abstract

1.Plant damage by invertebrate herbivores and pathogens influences the dynamics of grassland ecosystems, but anthropogenic changes in nitrogen and phosphorus availability can modify these relationships. 2.Using a globally distributed experiment, we describe leaf damage on 153 plant taxa from 27 grasslands worldwide, under ambient conditions and with experimentally elevated nitrogen and phosphorus. 3.Invertebrate damage significantly increased with nitrogen addition, especially in grasses and non-leguminous forbs. Pathogen damage increased with nitrogen in grasses and legumes but not forbs. Effects of phosphorus were generally weaker. Damage was higher in grasslands with more precipitation, but climatic conditions did not change effects of nutrients on leaf damage. On average, invertebrate damage was relatively higher on legumes and pathogen damage was relatively higher on grasses. Community-weighted mean damage reflected these functional group patterns, with no effects of N on community-weighted pathogen damage (due to opposing responses of grasses and forbs) but stronger effects of N on community-weighted invertebrate damage (due to consistent responses of grasses and forbs). 4.Synthesis: As human-induced inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus continue to increase, understanding their impacts on invertebrate and pathogen damage becomes increasingly important. Our results demonstrate that eutrophication frequently increases plant damage and that damage increases with precipitation across a wide array of grasslands. Invertebrate and pathogen damage in grasslands is likely to increase in the future, with potential consequences for plant, invertebrate and pathogen communities, as well as the transfer of energy and nutrients across trophic levels.

Published
2022

10. Microbial processing of plant remains is co‐limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands

Author

Ochoa-Hueso, R. (Raul), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Hobbie, S. E. (Sarah E.), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Collins, S. L. (Scott L.), Alberti, J. (Juan), Bahamonde, H. A. (Hector A.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Daleo, P. (Pedro), Dickman, C. R. (Chris R.), Ebeling, A. (Anne), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Esch, E. H. (Ellen H.), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Fernandez, V. (Victoria), Gusewell, S. (Sabine), Gutierrez-Larruga, B. (Blanca), Hofmockel, K. (Kirsten), Laungani, R. (Ramesh), Lind, E. (Eric), Lopez, A. (Andrea), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Peri, P. L. (Pablo L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Price, J. N. (Jodi N.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Roscher, C. (Christiane), Sarneel, J. M. (Judith M.), Schutz, M. (Martin), Siebert, J. (Julia), Standish, R. J. (Rachel J.), Ayuso, S. V. (Sergio Velasco), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Wardle, G. M. (Glenda M.), Wiehl, G. (Georg), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), and Zamin, T. (Tara)

Subjects
decomposition, eutrophication, fertilization, carbon cycling and sequestration, food and beverages, nutrient (co‐)limitation, microbial activity, NutNet
Abstract

Microbial processing of aggregate‐unprotected organic matter inputs is key for soil fertility, long‐term ecosystem carbon and nutrient sequestration and sustainable agriculture. We investigated the effects of adding multiple nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plus nine essential macro‐ and micro‐nutrients) on decomposition and biochemical transformation of standard plant materials buried in 21 grasslands from four continents. Addition of multiple nutrients weakly but consistently increased decomposition and biochemical transformation of plant remains during the peak‐season, concurrent with changes in microbial exoenzymatic activity. Higher mean annual precipitation and lower mean annual temperature were the main climatic drivers of higher decomposition rates, while biochemical transformation of plant remains was negatively related to temperature of the wettest quarter. Nutrients enhanced decomposition most at cool, high rainfall sites, indicating that in a warmer and drier future fertilized grassland soils will have an even more limited potential for microbial processing of plant remains.

Published
2020

11. Global impacts of fertilization and herbivore removal on soil net nitrogen mineralization are modulated by local climate and soil properties

Author

Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Zimmermann, S. (Stefan), Moser, B. (Barbara), Schuetz, M. (Martin), Hagedorn, F. (Frank), Firn, J. (Jennifer), Fay, P. A. (Philip A.), Adler, P. B. (Peter B.), Biederman, L. A. (Lori A.), Blair, J. M. (John M.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Broadbent, A. A. (Arthur A. D.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Davies, K. F. (Kendi F.), di Virgilio, A. (Augustina), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Knops, J. M. (Johannes M. H.), MacDougall, A. S. (Andrew S.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Melbourne, B. A. (Brett A.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Siebert, J. (Julia), Silveira, M. L. (Maria L.), Speziale, K. L. (Karina L.), Stevens, C. J. (Carly J.), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (Raul), Risch, A. C. (Anita C.), Zimmermann, S. (Stefan), Moser, B. (Barbara), Schuetz, M. (Martin), Hagedorn, F. (Frank), Firn, J. (Jennifer), Fay, P. A. (Philip A.), Adler, P. B. (Peter B.), Biederman, L. A. (Lori A.), Blair, J. M. (John M.), Borer, E. T. (Elizabeth T.), Broadbent, A. A. (Arthur A. D.), Brown, C. S. (Cynthia S.), Cadotte, M. W. (Marc W.), Caldeira, M. C. (Maria C.), Davies, K. F. (Kendi F.), di Virgilio, A. (Augustina), Eisenhauer, N. (Nico), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Knops, J. M. (Johannes M. H.), MacDougall, A. S. (Andrew S.), McCulley, R. L. (Rebecca L.), Melbourne, B. A. (Brett A.), Moore, J. L. (Joslin L.), Power, S. A. (Sally A.), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Seabloom, E. W. (Eric W.), Siebert, J. (Julia), Silveira, M. L. (Maria L.), Speziale, K. L. (Karina L.), Stevens, C. J. (Carly J.), Tognetti, P. M. (Pedro M.), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Yahdjian, L. (Laura), and Ochoa-Hueso, R. (Raul)

Abstract

Soil nitrogen (N) availability is critical for grassland functioning. However, human activities have increased the supply of biologically limiting nutrients, and changed the density and identity of mammalian herbivores. These anthropogenic changes may alter net soil N mineralization (soil net Nmin), that is, the net balance between N mineralization and immobilization, which could severely impact grassland structure and functioning. Yet, to date, little is known about how fertilization and herbivore removal individually, or jointly, affect soil net Nmin across a wide range of grasslands that vary in soil and climatic properties. Here we collected data from 22 grasslands on five continents, all part of a globally replicated experiment, to assess how fertilization and herbivore removal affected potential (laboratory‐based) and realized (field‐based) soil net Nmin. Herbivore removal in the absence of fertilization did not alter potential and realized soil net Nmin. However, fertilization alone and in combination with herbivore removal consistently increased potential soil net Nmin. Realized soil net Nmin, in contrast, significantly decreased in fertilized plots where herbivores were removed. Treatment effects on potential and realized soil net Nmin were contingent on site‐specific soil and climatic properties. Fertilization effects on potential soil net Nmin were larger at sites with higher mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature of the wettest quarter (T.q.wet). Reciprocally, realized soil net Nmin declined most strongly with fertilization and herbivore removal at sites with lower MAP and higher T.q.wet. In summary, our findings show that anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, herbivore exclusion and alterations in future climatic conditions can negatively impact soil net Nmin across global grasslands under realistic field conditions. This is an important context‐dependent knowledge for grassland management worldwide.

Published
2020

12. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author

Pastorello, G. (Gilberto), Trotta, C. (Carlo), Canfora, E. (Eleonora), Chu, H. (Housen), Christianson, D. (Danielle), Cheah, Y.-W. (You-Wei), Poindexter, C. (Cristina), Chen, J. (Jiquan), Elbashandy, A. (Abdelrahman), Humphrey, M. (Marty), Isaac, P. (Peter), Polidori, D. (Diego), Ribeca, A. (Alessio), van Ingen, C. (Catharine), Zhang, L. (Leiming), Amiro, B. (Brian), Ammann, C. (Christof), Arain, M. A. (M. Altaf), Ardo, J. (Jonas), Arkebauer, T. (Timothy), Arndt, S. K. (Stefan K.), Arriga, N. (Nicola), Aubinet, M. (Marc), Aurela, M. (Mika), Baldocchi, D. (Dennis), Barr, A. (Alan), Beamesderfer, E. (Eric), Marchesini, L. B. (Luca Belelli), Bergeron, O. (Onil), Beringer, J. (Jason), Bernhofer, C. (Christian), Berveiller, D. (Daniel), Billesbach, D. (Dave), Black, T. A. (Thomas Andrew), Blanken, P. D. (Peter D.), Bohrer, G. (Gil), Boike, J. (Julia), Bolstad, P. V. (Paul V.), Bonal, D. (Damien), Bonnefond, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Bowling, D. R. (David R.), Bracho, R. (Rosvel), Brodeur, J. (Jason), Bruemmer, C. (Christian), Buchmann, N. (Nina), Burban, B. (Benoit), Burns, S. P. (Sean P.), Buysse, P. (Pauline), Cale, P. (Peter), Cavagna, M. (Mauro), Cellier, P. (Pierre), Chen, S. (Shiping), Chini, I. (Isaac), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Cleverly, J. (James), Collalti, A. (Alessio), Consalvo, C. (Claudia), Cook, B. D. (Bruce D.), Cook, D. (David), Coursolle, C. (Carole), Cremonese, E. (Edoardo), Curtis, P. S. (Peter S.), D'Andrea, E. (Ettore), da Rocha, H. (Humberto), Dai, X. (Xiaoqin), Davis, K. J. (Kenneth J.), De Cinti, B. (Bruno), de Grandcourt, A. (Agnes), De Ligne, A. (Anne), De Oliveira, R. C. (Raimundo C.), Delpierre, N. (Nicolas), Desai, A. R. (Ankur R.), Di Bella, C. M. (Carlos Marcelo), di Tommasi, P. (Paul), Dolman, H. (Han), Domingo, F. (Francisco), Dong, G. (Gang), Dore, S. (Sabina), Duce, P. (Pierpaolo), Dufrene, E. (Eric), Dunn, A. (Allison), Dusek, J. (Jiri), Eamus, D. (Derek), Eichelmann, U. (Uwe), ElKhidir, H. A. (Hatim Abdalla M.), Eugster, W. (Werner), Ewenz, C. M. (Cacilia M.), Ewers, B. (Brent), Famulari, D. (Daniela), Fares, S. (Silvano), Feigenwinter, I. (Iris), Feitz, A. (Andrew), Fensholt, R. (Rasmus), Filippa, G. (Gianluca), Fischer, M. (Marc), Frank, J. (John), Galvagno, M. (Marta), Gharun, M. (Mana), Gianelle, D. (Damiano), Gielen, B. (Bert), Gioli, B. (Beniamino), Gitelson, A. (Anatoly), Goded, I. (Ignacio), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Goldstein, A. H. (Allen H.), Gough, C. M. (Christopher M.), Goulden, M. L. (Michael L.), Graf, A. (Alexander), Griebel, A. (Anne), Gruening, C. (Carsten), Gruenwald, T. (Thomas), Hammerle, A. (Albin), Han, S. (Shijie), Han, X. (Xingguo), Hansen, B. U. (Birger Ulf), Hanson, C. (Chad), Hatakka, J. (Juha), He, Y. (Yongtao), Hehn, M. (Markus), Heinesch, B. (Bernard), Hinko-Najera, N. (Nina), Hoertnagl, L. (Lukas), Hutley, L. (Lindsay), Ibrom, A. (Andreas), Ikawa, H. (Hiroki), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. (Marcin), Janous, D. (Dalibor), Jans, W. (Wilma), Jassal, R. (Rachhpal), Jiang, S. (Shicheng), Kato, T. (Tomomichi), Khomik, M. (Myroslava), Klatt, J. (Janina), Knohl, A. (Alexander), Knox, S. (Sara), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Koerber, G. (Georgia), Kolle, O. (Olaf), Kosugi, Y. (Yoshiko), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kowalski, A. (Andrew), Kruijt, B. (Bart), Kurbatova, J. (Julia), Kutsch, W. L. (Werner L.), Kwon, H. (Hyojung), Launiainen, S. (Samuli), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Law, B. (Bev), Leuning, R. (Ray), Li, Y. (Yingnian), Liddell, M. (Michael), Limousin, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Lion, M. (Marryanna), Liska, A. J. (Adam J.), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Lopez-Ballesteros, A. (Ana), Lopez-Blanco, E. (Efren), Loubet, B. (Benjamin), Loustau, D. (Denis), Lucas-Moffat, A. (Antje), Lueers, J. (Johannes), Ma, S. (Siyan), Macfarlane, C. (Craig), Magliulo, V. (Vincenzo), Maier, R. (Regine), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Manca, G. (Giovanni), Marcolla, B. (Barbara), Margolis, H. A. (Hank A.), Marras, S. (Serena), Massman, W. (William), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Matamala, R. (Roser), Matthes, J. H. (Jaclyn Hatala), Mazzenga, F. (Francesco), McCaughey, H. (Harry), McHugh, I. (Ian), McMillan, A. M. (Andrew M. S.), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Meyer, W. (Wayne), Meyers, T. (Tilden), Miller, S. D. (Scott D.), Minerbi, S. (Stefano), Moderow, U. (Uta), Monson, R. K. (Russell K.), Montagnani, L. (Leonardo), Moore, C. E. (Caitlin E.), Moors, E. (Eddy), Moreaux, V. (Virginie), Moureaux, C. (Christine), Munger, J. W. (J. William), Nakai, T. (Taro), Neirynck, J. (Johan), Nesic, Z. (Zoran), Nicolini, G. (Giacomo), Noormets, A. (Asko), Northwood, M. (Matthew), Nosetto, M. (Marcelo), Nouvellon, Y. (Yann), Novick, K. (Kimberly), Oechel, W. (Walter), Olesen, J. E. (Jorgen Eivind), Ourcival, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Papuga, S. A. (Shirley A.), Parmentier, F.-J. (Frans-Jan), Paul-Limoges, E. (Eugenie), Pavelka, M. (Marian), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pendall, E. (Elise), Phillips, R. P. (Richard P.), Pilegaard, K. (Kim), Pirk, N. (Norbert), Posse, G. (Gabriela), Powell, T. (Thomas), Prasse, H. (Heiko), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Rambal, S. (Serge), Rannik, U. (Ullar), Raz-Yaseef, N. (Naama), Reed, D. (David), de Dios, V. R. (Victor Resco), Restrepo-Coupe, N. (Natalia), Reverter, B. R. (Borja R.), Roland, M. (Marilyn), Sabbatini, S. (Simone), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Saleska, S. R. (Scott R.), Sanchez-Canete, E. P. (Enrique P.), Sanchez-Mejia, Z. M. (Zulia M.), Schmid, H. P. (Hans Peter), Schmidt, M. (Marius), Schneider, K. (Karl), Schrader, F. (Frederik), Schroder, I. (Ivan), Scott, R. L. (Russell L.), Sedlak, P. (Pavel), Serrano-Ortiz, P. (Penelope), Shao, C. (Changliang), Shi, P. (Peili), Shironya, I. (Ivan), Siebicke, L. (Lukas), Sigut, L. (Ladislav), Silberstein, R. (Richard), Sirca, C. (Costantino), Spano, D. (Donatella), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Stevens, R. M. (Robert M.), Sturtevant, C. (Cove), Suyker, A. (Andy), Tagesson, T. (Torbern), Takanashi, S. (Satoru), Tang, Y. (Yanhong), Tapper, N. (Nigel), Thom, J. (Jonathan), Tiedemann, F. (Frank), Tomassucci, M. (Michele), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Urbanski, S. (Shawn), Valentini, R. (Riccardo), van der Molen, M. (Michiel), van Gorsel, E. (Eva), van Huissteden, K. (Ko), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Verfaillie, J. (Joseph), Vesala, T. (Timo), Vincke, C. (Caroline), Vitale, D. (Domenico), Vygodskaya, N. (Natalia), Walker, J. P. (Jeffrey P.), Walter-Shea, E. (Elizabeth), Wang, H. (Huimin), Weber, R. (Robin), Westermann, S. (Sebastian), Wille, C. (Christian), Wofsy, S. (Steven), Wohlfahrt, G. (Georg), Wolf, S. (Sebastian), Woodgate, W. (William), Li, Y. (Yuelin), Zampedri, R. (Roberto), Zhang, J. (Junhui), Zhou, G. (Guoyi), Zona, D. (Donatella), Agarwal, D. (Deb), Biraud, S. (Sebastien), Torn, M. (Margaret), Papale, D. (Dario), Pastorello, G. (Gilberto), Trotta, C. (Carlo), Canfora, E. (Eleonora), Chu, H. (Housen), Christianson, D. (Danielle), Cheah, Y.-W. (You-Wei), Poindexter, C. (Cristina), Chen, J. (Jiquan), Elbashandy, A. (Abdelrahman), Humphrey, M. (Marty), Isaac, P. (Peter), Polidori, D. (Diego), Ribeca, A. (Alessio), van Ingen, C. (Catharine), Zhang, L. (Leiming), Amiro, B. (Brian), Ammann, C. (Christof), Arain, M. A. (M. Altaf), Ardo, J. (Jonas), Arkebauer, T. (Timothy), Arndt, S. K. (Stefan K.), Arriga, N. (Nicola), Aubinet, M. (Marc), Aurela, M. (Mika), Baldocchi, D. (Dennis), Barr, A. (Alan), Beamesderfer, E. (Eric), Marchesini, L. B. (Luca Belelli), Bergeron, O. (Onil), Beringer, J. (Jason), Bernhofer, C. (Christian), Berveiller, D. (Daniel), Billesbach, D. (Dave), Black, T. A. (Thomas Andrew), Blanken, P. D. (Peter D.), Bohrer, G. (Gil), Boike, J. (Julia), Bolstad, P. V. (Paul V.), Bonal, D. (Damien), Bonnefond, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Bowling, D. R. (David R.), Bracho, R. (Rosvel), Brodeur, J. (Jason), Bruemmer, C. (Christian), Buchmann, N. (Nina), Burban, B. (Benoit), Burns, S. P. (Sean P.), Buysse, P. (Pauline), Cale, P. (Peter), Cavagna, M. (Mauro), Cellier, P. (Pierre), Chen, S. (Shiping), Chini, I. (Isaac), Christensen, T. R. (Torben R.), Cleverly, J. (James), Collalti, A. (Alessio), Consalvo, C. (Claudia), Cook, B. D. (Bruce D.), Cook, D. (David), Coursolle, C. (Carole), Cremonese, E. (Edoardo), Curtis, P. S. (Peter S.), D'Andrea, E. (Ettore), da Rocha, H. (Humberto), Dai, X. (Xiaoqin), Davis, K. J. (Kenneth J.), De Cinti, B. (Bruno), de Grandcourt, A. (Agnes), De Ligne, A. (Anne), De Oliveira, R. C. (Raimundo C.), Delpierre, N. (Nicolas), Desai, A. R. (Ankur R.), Di Bella, C. M. (Carlos Marcelo), di Tommasi, P. (Paul), Dolman, H. (Han), Domingo, F. (Francisco), Dong, G. (Gang), Dore, S. (Sabina), Duce, P. (Pierpaolo), Dufrene, E. (Eric), Dunn, A. (Allison), Dusek, J. (Jiri), Eamus, D. (Derek), Eichelmann, U. (Uwe), ElKhidir, H. A. (Hatim Abdalla M.), Eugster, W. (Werner), Ewenz, C. M. (Cacilia M.), Ewers, B. (Brent), Famulari, D. (Daniela), Fares, S. (Silvano), Feigenwinter, I. (Iris), Feitz, A. (Andrew), Fensholt, R. (Rasmus), Filippa, G. (Gianluca), Fischer, M. (Marc), Frank, J. (John), Galvagno, M. (Marta), Gharun, M. (Mana), Gianelle, D. (Damiano), Gielen, B. (Bert), Gioli, B. (Beniamino), Gitelson, A. (Anatoly), Goded, I. (Ignacio), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Goldstein, A. H. (Allen H.), Gough, C. M. (Christopher M.), Goulden, M. L. (Michael L.), Graf, A. (Alexander), Griebel, A. (Anne), Gruening, C. (Carsten), Gruenwald, T. (Thomas), Hammerle, A. (Albin), Han, S. (Shijie), Han, X. (Xingguo), Hansen, B. U. (Birger Ulf), Hanson, C. (Chad), Hatakka, J. (Juha), He, Y. (Yongtao), Hehn, M. (Markus), Heinesch, B. (Bernard), Hinko-Najera, N. (Nina), Hoertnagl, L. (Lukas), Hutley, L. (Lindsay), Ibrom, A. (Andreas), Ikawa, H. (Hiroki), Jackowicz-Korczynski, M. (Marcin), Janous, D. (Dalibor), Jans, W. (Wilma), Jassal, R. (Rachhpal), Jiang, S. (Shicheng), Kato, T. (Tomomichi), Khomik, M. (Myroslava), Klatt, J. (Janina), Knohl, A. (Alexander), Knox, S. (Sara), Kobayashi, H. (Hideki), Koerber, G. (Georgia), Kolle, O. (Olaf), Kosugi, Y. (Yoshiko), Kotani, A. (Ayumi), Kowalski, A. (Andrew), Kruijt, B. (Bart), Kurbatova, J. (Julia), Kutsch, W. L. (Werner L.), Kwon, H. (Hyojung), Launiainen, S. (Samuli), Laurila, T. (Tuomas), Law, B. (Bev), Leuning, R. (Ray), Li, Y. (Yingnian), Liddell, M. (Michael), Limousin, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Lion, M. (Marryanna), Liska, A. J. (Adam J.), Lohila, A. (Annalea), Lopez-Ballesteros, A. (Ana), Lopez-Blanco, E. (Efren), Loubet, B. (Benjamin), Loustau, D. (Denis), Lucas-Moffat, A. (Antje), Lueers, J. (Johannes), Ma, S. (Siyan), Macfarlane, C. (Craig), Magliulo, V. (Vincenzo), Maier, R. (Regine), Mammarella, I. (Ivan), Manca, G. (Giovanni), Marcolla, B. (Barbara), Margolis, H. A. (Hank A.), Marras, S. (Serena), Massman, W. (William), Mastepanov, M. (Mikhail), Matamala, R. (Roser), Matthes, J. H. (Jaclyn Hatala), Mazzenga, F. (Francesco), McCaughey, H. (Harry), McHugh, I. (Ian), McMillan, A. M. (Andrew M. S.), Merbold, L. (Lutz), Meyer, W. (Wayne), Meyers, T. (Tilden), Miller, S. D. (Scott D.), Minerbi, S. (Stefano), Moderow, U. (Uta), Monson, R. K. (Russell K.), Montagnani, L. (Leonardo), Moore, C. E. (Caitlin E.), Moors, E. (Eddy), Moreaux, V. (Virginie), Moureaux, C. (Christine), Munger, J. W. (J. William), Nakai, T. (Taro), Neirynck, J. (Johan), Nesic, Z. (Zoran), Nicolini, G. (Giacomo), Noormets, A. (Asko), Northwood, M. (Matthew), Nosetto, M. (Marcelo), Nouvellon, Y. (Yann), Novick, K. (Kimberly), Oechel, W. (Walter), Olesen, J. E. (Jorgen Eivind), Ourcival, J.-M. (Jean-Marc), Papuga, S. A. (Shirley A.), Parmentier, F.-J. (Frans-Jan), Paul-Limoges, E. (Eugenie), Pavelka, M. (Marian), Peichl, M. (Matthias), Pendall, E. (Elise), Phillips, R. P. (Richard P.), Pilegaard, K. (Kim), Pirk, N. (Norbert), Posse, G. (Gabriela), Powell, T. (Thomas), Prasse, H. (Heiko), Prober, S. M. (Suzanne M.), Rambal, S. (Serge), Rannik, U. (Ullar), Raz-Yaseef, N. (Naama), Reed, D. (David), de Dios, V. R. (Victor Resco), Restrepo-Coupe, N. (Natalia), Reverter, B. R. (Borja R.), Roland, M. (Marilyn), Sabbatini, S. (Simone), Sachs, T. (Torsten), Saleska, S. R. (Scott R.), Sanchez-Canete, E. P. (Enrique P.), Sanchez-Mejia, Z. M. (Zulia M.), Schmid, H. P. (Hans Peter), Schmidt, M. (Marius), Schneider, K. (Karl), Schrader, F. (Frederik), Schroder, I. (Ivan), Scott, R. L. (Russell L.), Sedlak, P. (Pavel), Serrano-Ortiz, P. (Penelope), Shao, C. (Changliang), Shi, P. (Peili), Shironya, I. (Ivan), Siebicke, L. (Lukas), Sigut, L. (Ladislav), Silberstein, R. (Richard), Sirca, C. (Costantino), Spano, D. (Donatella), Steinbrecher, R. (Rainer), Stevens, R. M. (Robert M.), Sturtevant, C. (Cove), Suyker, A. (Andy), Tagesson, T. (Torbern), Takanashi, S. (Satoru), Tang, Y. (Yanhong), Tapper, N. (Nigel), Thom, J. (Jonathan), Tiedemann, F. (Frank), Tomassucci, M. (Michele), Tuovinen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Urbanski, S. (Shawn), Valentini, R. (Riccardo), van der Molen, M. (Michiel), van Gorsel, E. (Eva), van Huissteden, K. (Ko), Varlagin, A. (Andrej), Verfaillie, J. (Joseph), Vesala, T. (Timo), Vincke, C. (Caroline), Vitale, D. (Domenico), Vygodskaya, N. (Natalia), Walker, J. P. (Jeffrey P.), Walter-Shea, E. (Elizabeth), Wang, H. (Huimin), Weber, R. (Robin), Westermann, S. (Sebastian), Wille, C. (Christian), Wofsy, S. (Steven), Wohlfahrt, G. (Georg), Wolf, S. (Sebastian), Woodgate, W. (William), Li, Y. (Yuelin), Zampedri, R. (Roberto), Zhang, J. (Junhui), Zhou, G. (Guoyi), Zona, D. (Donatella), Agarwal, D. (Deb), Biraud, S. (Sebastien), Torn, M. (Margaret), and Papale, D. (Dario)

Abstract

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-filled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the first time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the first time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible.

Published
2020

13. Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands

Author

Risch, A C, Zimmermann, S, Ochoa-Hueso, R, Schütz, M, Frey, B, Firn, J L, Fay, P A, Hagedorn, F, Borer, E T, Seabloom, E W, Harpole, W S, Knops, J M H, McCulley, R L, Broadbent, A A D, Stevens, C J, Silveira, M L, Adler, P B, Báez, S, Biederman, L A, Blair, J M, Brown, C S, Caldeira, M C, Collins, S L, Daleo, P, di Virgilio, A, Ebeling, A, Eisenhauer, N, Esch, E, Eskelinen, A, Hagenah, N, Hautier, Y, Kirkman, K P, MacDougall, A S, Moore, J L, Power, S A, Prober, S M, Roscher, C, Sankaran, M, Siebert, J, Speziale, K L, Tognetti, P M, Virtanen, R, Yahdjian, L, Moser, B, Risch, A C, Zimmermann, S, Ochoa-Hueso, R, Schütz, M, Frey, B, Firn, J L, Fay, P A, Hagedorn, F, Borer, E T, Seabloom, E W, Harpole, W S, Knops, J M H, McCulley, R L, Broadbent, A A D, Stevens, C J, Silveira, M L, Adler, P B, Báez, S, Biederman, L A, Blair, J M, Brown, C S, Caldeira, M C, Collins, S L, Daleo, P, di Virgilio, A, Ebeling, A, Eisenhauer, N, Esch, E, Eskelinen, A, Hagenah, N, Hautier, Y, Kirkman, K P, MacDougall, A S, Moore, J L, Power, S A, Prober, S M, Roscher, C, Sankaran, M, Siebert, J, Speziale, K L, Tognetti, P M, Virtanen, R, Yahdjian, L, and Moser, B

Abstract

Soil nitrogen mineralisation (Nmin), the conversion of organic into inorganic N, is important for productivity and nutrient cycling. The balance between mineralisation and immobilisation (net Nmin) varies with soil properties and climate. However, because most global-scale assessments of net Nmin are laboratory-based, its regulation under field-conditions and implications for real-world soil functioning remain uncertain. Here, we explore the drivers of realised (field) and potential (laboratory) soil net Nmin across 30 grasslands worldwide. We find that realised Nmin is largely explained by temperature of the wettest quarter, microbial biomass, clay content and bulk density. Potential Nmin only weakly correlates with realised Nmin, but contributes to explain realised net Nmin when combined with soil and climatic variables. We provide novel insights of global realised soil net Nmin and show that potential soil net Nmin data available in the literature could be parameterised with soil and climate data to better predict realised Nmin.

Published
2019

14. Examining the evidence for decoupling between photosynthesis and transpiration during heat extremes

Author

De Kauwe, MG, Medlyn, BE, Pitman, AJ, Drake, JE, Ukkola, A, Griebel, A, Pendall, E, Prober, S, Roderick, M, De Kauwe, MG, Medlyn, BE, Pitman, AJ, Drake, JE, Ukkola, A, Griebel, A, Pendall, E, Prober, S, and Roderick, M

Abstract

Recent experimental evidence suggests that during heat extremes, wooded ecosystems may decouple photosynthesis and transpiration, reducing photosynthesis to near zero but increasing transpiration into the boundary layer. This feedback may act to dampen, rather than amplify, heat extremes in wooded ecosystems.We examined eddy covariance databases (OzFlux and FLUXNET2015) to identify whether there was field-based evidence to support these experimental findings. We focused on two types of heat extremes: (i) the 3 days leading up to a temperature extreme, defined as including a daily maximum temperature > 37 °C (similar to the widely used TXx metric), and (ii) heatwaves, defined as 3 or more consecutive days above 35 °C. When focusing on (i), we found some evidence of reduced photosynthesis and sustained or increased latent heat fluxes at seven Australian evergreen wooded flux sites. However, when considering the role of vapour pressure deficit and focusing on (ii), we were unable to conclusively disentangle the decoupling between photosynthesis and latent heat flux from the effect of increasing the vapour pressure deficit. Outside of Australia, the Tier- 1 FLUXNET2015 database provided limited scope to tackle this issue as it does not sample sufficient high temperature events with which to probe the physiological response of trees to extreme heat. Thus, further work is required to determine whether this photosynthetic decoupling occurs widely, ideally by matching experimental species with those found at eddy covariance tower sites. Such measurements would allow this decoupling mechanism to be probed experimentally and at the ecosystem scale. Transpiration during heatwaves remains a key issue to resolve, as no land surface model includes a decoupling mechanism, and any potential dampening of the land-atmosphere amplification is thus not included in climate model projections.

Published
2019

15. Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Risch, A C, Zimmermann, S, Ochoa-Hueso, R, Schütz, M, Frey, B, Firn, J L, Fay, P A, Hagedorn, F, Borer, E T, Seabloom, E W, Harpole, W S, Knops, J M H, McCulley, R L, Broadbent, A A D, Stevens, C J, Silveira, M L, Adler, P B, Báez, S, Biederman, L A, Blair, J M, Brown, C S, Caldeira, M C, Collins, S L, Daleo, P, di Virgilio, A, Ebeling, A, Eisenhauer, N, Esch, E, Eskelinen, A, Hagenah, N, Hautier, Y, Kirkman, K P, MacDougall, A S, Moore, J L, Power, S A, Prober, S M, Roscher, C, Sankaran, M, Siebert, J, Speziale, K L, Tognetti, P M, Virtanen, R, Yahdjian, L, Moser, B, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Risch, A C, Zimmermann, S, Ochoa-Hueso, R, Schütz, M, Frey, B, Firn, J L, Fay, P A, Hagedorn, F, Borer, E T, Seabloom, E W, Harpole, W S, Knops, J M H, McCulley, R L, Broadbent, A A D, Stevens, C J, Silveira, M L, Adler, P B, Báez, S, Biederman, L A, Blair, J M, Brown, C S, Caldeira, M C, Collins, S L, Daleo, P, di Virgilio, A, Ebeling, A, Eisenhauer, N, Esch, E, Eskelinen, A, Hagenah, N, Hautier, Y, Kirkman, K P, MacDougall, A S, Moore, J L, Power, S A, Prober, S M, Roscher, C, Sankaran, M, Siebert, J, Speziale, K L, Tognetti, P M, Virtanen, R, Yahdjian, L, and Moser, B

Published
2019

16. Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands

Author

Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Zimmermann, S. (S.), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.), Schutz, M. (M.), Frey, B. (B.), Firn, J. L. (J. L.), Fay, P. A. (P. A.), Hagedorn, F. (F.), Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.), Harpole, W. S. (W. S.), Knops, J. M. (J. M. H.), McCulley, R. L. (R. L.), Broadbent, A. A. (A. A. D.), Stevens, C. J. (C. J.), Silveira, M. L. (M. L.), Adler, P. B. (P. B.), Baez, S. (S.), Biederman, L. A. (L. A.), Blair, J. M. (J. M.), Brown, C. S. (C. S.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Collins, S. L. (S. L.), Daleo, P. (P.), di Virgilio, A. (A.), Ebeling, A. (A.), Eisenhauer, N. (N.), Esch, E. (E.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Hagenah, N. (N.), Hautier, Y. (Y.), Kirkman, K. P. (K. P.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Prober, S. M. (S. M.), Roscher, C. (C.), Sankaran, M. (M.), Siebert, J. (J.), Speziale, K. L. (K. L.), Tognetti, P. M. (P. M.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Yahdjian, L. (L.), Moser, B. (B.), Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Zimmermann, S. (S.), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.), Schutz, M. (M.), Frey, B. (B.), Firn, J. L. (J. L.), Fay, P. A. (P. A.), Hagedorn, F. (F.), Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.), Harpole, W. S. (W. S.), Knops, J. M. (J. M. H.), McCulley, R. L. (R. L.), Broadbent, A. A. (A. A. D.), Stevens, C. J. (C. J.), Silveira, M. L. (M. L.), Adler, P. B. (P. B.), Baez, S. (S.), Biederman, L. A. (L. A.), Blair, J. M. (J. M.), Brown, C. S. (C. S.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Collins, S. L. (S. L.), Daleo, P. (P.), di Virgilio, A. (A.), Ebeling, A. (A.), Eisenhauer, N. (N.), Esch, E. (E.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Hagenah, N. (N.), Hautier, Y. (Y.), Kirkman, K. P. (K. P.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Prober, S. M. (S. M.), Roscher, C. (C.), Sankaran, M. (M.), Siebert, J. (J.), Speziale, K. L. (K. L.), Tognetti, P. M. (P. M.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Yahdjian, L. (L.), and Moser, B. (B.)

Abstract

Soil nitrogen mineralisation (Nmin), the conversion of organic into inorganic N, is important for productivity and nutrient cycling. The balance between mineralisation and immobilisation (net Nmin) varies with soil properties and climate. However, because most global-scale assessments of net Nmin are laboratory-based, its regulation under field-conditions and implications for real-world soil functioning remain uncertain. Here, we explore the drivers of realised (field) and potential (laboratory) soil net Nmin across 30 grasslands worldwide. We find that realised Nmin is largely explained by temperature of the wettest quarter, microbial biomass, clay content and bulk density. Potential Nmin only weakly correlates with realised Nmin, but contributes to explain realised net Nmin when combined with soil and climatic variables. We provide novel insights of global realised soil net Nmin and show that potential soil net Nmin data available in the literature could be parameterised with soil and climate data to better predict realised Nmin.

Published
2019

18. Sensitivity of global soil carbon stocks to combined nutrient enrichment

Author

Crowther, T. W., primary, Riggs, C., additional, Lind, E. M., additional, Borer, E. T., additional, Seabloom, E. W., additional, Hobbie, S. E., additional, Wubs, J., additional, Adler, P. B., additional, Firn, J., additional, Gherardi, L., additional, Hagenah, N., additional, Hofmockel, K. S., additional, Knops, J. M. H., additional, McCulley, R. L., additional, MacDougall, A. S., additional, Peri, P. L., additional, Prober, S. M., additional, Stevens, C. J., additional, and Routh, D., additional

Published
2019
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20. Piecing together our woodlands – Interview with Suzanne Prober

Author

McDonald, Tein, Prober, S., McDonald, Tein, and Prober, S.

Abstract

© 2018 Ecological Society of Australia and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd Over nearly three decades, Suzanne Prober has played a pivotal role in shifting research in Australian agricultural landscapes to include a focus on native woodlands, and to examine ways woodland conservation can co-exist with production, contributing to new models for conservation within multi-use landscapes.

Published
2018

21. Carbon uptake and water use in woodlands and forests in southern Australia during an extreme heat wave event in the ‘Angry Summer’ of 2012/2013

Author

van Gorsel, E, Wolf, S, Isaac, P, Cleverly, J, Haverd, V, Ewenz, C, Arndt, S, Beringer, J, de Dios, VR, Evans, BJ, Griebel, A, Hutley, LB, Keenan, T, Kljun, N, Macfarlane, C, Meyer, WS, McHugh, I, Pendall, E, Prober, S, Silberstein, R, van Gorsel, E, Wolf, S, Isaac, P, Cleverly, J, Haverd, V, Ewenz, C, Arndt, S, Beringer, J, de Dios, VR, Evans, BJ, Griebel, A, Hutley, LB, Keenan, T, Kljun, N, Macfarlane, C, Meyer, WS, McHugh, I, Pendall, E, Prober, S, and Silberstein, R

Published
2016

22. Temperate eucalypt woodlands

Author

Prober, S M, Crane, Mason, Michael, Damian, Okada, Sachiko, Kay, Geoffrey, Keith, David, Montague-Drake, Rebecca, Burns, Emma, Lindenmayer, David B, Prober, S M, Crane, Mason, Michael, Damian, Okada, Sachiko, Kay, Geoffrey, Keith, David, Montague-Drake, Rebecca, Burns, Emma, and Lindenmayer, David B

Published
2014

23. Regional contingencies in the relationship between aboveground biomass and litter in the world’s grasslands

Author

O’Halloran, L.R., Borer, E.T., Seabloom, E., MacDougall, A.S., Cleland, E.E., McCulley, R., Hobbie, S., Harpole, W.S., DeCrappeo, N.M., Chu, C.J., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, N., Hofmockel, K., Knops, J., Li, W., Melbourne, B.A., Morgan, J.W., Orrock, J., Prober, S., Stevens, Carly, O’Halloran, L.R., Borer, E.T., Seabloom, E., MacDougall, A.S., Cleland, E.E., McCulley, R., Hobbie, S., Harpole, W.S., DeCrappeo, N.M., Chu, C.J., Firn, Jennifer, Hagenah, N., Hofmockel, K., Knops, J., Li, W., Melbourne, B.A., Morgan, J.W., Orrock, J., Prober, S., and Stevens, Carly

Abstract

Based on regional-scale studies, aboveground production and litter decomposition are thought to positively covary, because they are driven by shared biotic and climatic factors. Until now we have been unable to test whether production and decomposition are generally coupled across climatically dissimilar regions, because we lacked replicated data collected within a single vegetation type across multiple regions, obfuscating the drivers and generality of the association between production and decomposition. Furthermore, our understanding of the relationships between production and decomposition rests heavily on separate meta-analyses of each response, because no studies have simultaneously measured production and the accumulation or decomposition of litter using consistent methods at globally relevant scales. Here, we use a multi-country grassland dataset collected using a standardized protocol to show that live plant biomass (an estimate of aboveground net primary production) and litter disappearance (represented by mass loss of aboveground litter) do not strongly covary. Live biomass and litter disappearance varied at different spatial scales. There was substantial variation in live biomass among continents, sites and plots whereas among continent differences accounted for most of the variation in litter disappearance rates. Although there were strong associations among aboveground biomass, litter disappearance and climatic factors in some regions (e.g. U.S. Great Plains), these relationships were inconsistent within and among the regions represented by this study. These results highlight the importance of replication among regions and continents when characterizing the correlations between ecosystem processes and interpreting their global-scale implications for carbon flux. We must exercise caution in parameterizing litter decomposition and aboveground production in future regional and global carbon models as their relationship is complex.

Published
2013

24. Response to Comments on “Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness”

Author

Grace, J.B., Adler, P.B., Seabloom, E., Borer, E.T., Hillebrand, H., Hautier, Y., Hector, A., Harpole, W.S., O’Halloran, L.R., Anderson, T.M., Bakker, J.D., Brown, C.S., Buckley, Y., Collins, S.L., Cottingham, K.L., Crawley, M.J., Damschen, E.I., Davies, K.F., DeCrappeo, N.M., Fay, P.A., Firn, J., Gruner, D., Hagenah, N., Jin, V.L., Kirkham, K.P., Knops, J., La Pierre, K.J., Lambrinos, J., Li, W., Melbourne, B.A., Mitchell, C.E., Moore, J., Morgan, J., Orrock, J., Prober, S., Stevens, Carly, Wragg, P., Yang, L.H., Grace, J.B., Adler, P.B., Seabloom, E., Borer, E.T., Hillebrand, H., Hautier, Y., Hector, A., Harpole, W.S., O’Halloran, L.R., Anderson, T.M., Bakker, J.D., Brown, C.S., Buckley, Y., Collins, S.L., Cottingham, K.L., Crawley, M.J., Damschen, E.I., Davies, K.F., DeCrappeo, N.M., Fay, P.A., Firn, J., Gruner, D., Hagenah, N., Jin, V.L., Kirkham, K.P., Knops, J., La Pierre, K.J., Lambrinos, J., Li, W., Melbourne, B.A., Mitchell, C.E., Moore, J., Morgan, J., Orrock, J., Prober, S., Stevens, Carly, Wragg, P., and Yang, L.H.

Abstract

Pan et al. claim that our results actually support a strong linear positive relationship between productivity and richness, whereas Fridley et al. contend that the data support a strong humped relationship. These responses illustrate how preoccupation with bivariate patterns distracts from a deeper understanding of the multivariate mechanisms that control these important ecosystem properties.

Published
2012

25. Facilitating adaptation of biodiversity to climate change: a conceptual framework applied to the world’s largest Mediterranean-climate woodland

Author

Prober, S., Thiele, K., Rundel, P., Yates, C., Berry, S., Byrne, M., Christidis, L., Gosper, C., Grierson, P., Lemson, K., Lyons, T., Macfarlane, C., O'Connor, M., Scott, J., Standish, R., Stock, W., Van Etten, E j, Wardell-Johnson, Grant, Watson, A., Prober, S., Thiele, K., Rundel, P., Yates, C., Berry, S., Byrne, M., Christidis, L., Gosper, C., Grierson, P., Lemson, K., Lyons, T., Macfarlane, C., O'Connor, M., Scott, J., Standish, R., Stock, W., Van Etten, E j, Wardell-Johnson, Grant, and Watson, A.

Abstract

The importance of ecological management for reducing the vulnerability of biodiversity to climate change is increasingly recognized, yet frameworks to facilitate a structured approach to climate adaptation management are lacking. We developed a conceptual framework that can guide identification of climate change impacts and adaptive management options in a given region or biome. The framework focuses on potential points of early climate change impact, and organizes these along two main axes. First, it recognizes that climate change can act at a range of ecological scales. Secondly, it emphasizes that outcomes are dependent on two potentially interacting and countervailing forces: (1) changes to environmental parameters and ecological processes brought about by climate change, and (2) responses of component systems as determined by attributes of resistance and resilience. Through this structure, the framework draws together a broad range of ecological concepts, with a novel emphasis on attributes of resistance and resilience that can temper the response of species, ecosystems and landscapes to climate change.We applied the framework to the world’s largest remaining Mediterranean-climate woodland, the ‘Great Western Woodlands’ of south-western Australia. In this relatively intact region, maintaining inherent resistance and resilience by preventing anthropogenic degradation is of highest priority and lowest risk. Limited, higher risk options such as fire management, protection of refugia and translocation of adaptive genes may be justifiable under more extreme change, hence our capacity to predict the extent of change strongly impinges on such management decisions. These conclusions may contrast with similar analyses in degraded landscapes, where natural integrity is already compromised, and existing investment in restoration may facilitate experimentation with higher risk options.

Published
2012

26. Response to Comments on 'Productivity Is a Poor Predictor of Plant Species Richness'

Author

Grace, J B, Adler, P B, Seabloom, E W, Borer, E T, Hillebrand, H, Hautier, Y, Hector, A, Harpole, W S, O'Halloran, L R, Anderson, T M, Bakker, J D, Brown, C S, Buckley, Y M, Collins, S L, Cottingham, K L, Crawley, M J, Damschen, E I, Davies, K F, DeCrappeo, N M, Fay, P A, Firn, J, Gruner, D S, Hagenah, N, Jin, V L, Kirkman, K P, Knops, J M H, La Pierre, K J, Lambrinos, J G, Melbourne, B A, Mitchell, C E, Moore, J L, Morgan, J W, Orrock, J L, Prober, S M, Stevens, C J, Wragg, P D, Yang, L H, Grace, J B, Adler, P B, Seabloom, E W, Borer, E T, Hillebrand, H, Hautier, Y, Hector, A, Harpole, W S, O'Halloran, L R, Anderson, T M, Bakker, J D, Brown, C S, Buckley, Y M, Collins, S L, Cottingham, K L, Crawley, M J, Damschen, E I, Davies, K F, DeCrappeo, N M, Fay, P A, Firn, J, Gruner, D S, Hagenah, N, Jin, V L, Kirkman, K P, Knops, J M H, La Pierre, K J, Lambrinos, J G, Melbourne, B A, Mitchell, C E, Moore, J L, Morgan, J W, Orrock, J L, Prober, S M, Stevens, C J, Wragg, P D, and Yang, L H

Abstract

Pan et al. claim that the results by Adler et al. actually show a strong linear positive relationship between productivity and richness, while Fridley et al. contend that the data show a strong humped relationship. These responses illustrate how the preoccupation with bivariate patterns distracts from a deeper understanding of the multivariate mechanisms that control these important ecosystem properties.

Published
2012

27. After the fence: Soil and vegetation condition in grazed, fenced and benchmark eucalypt woodlands of fragmented agricultural landscapes

Author

Prober, S., Standish, R., Wiehl, G., Prober, S., Standish, R., and Wiehl, G.

Abstract

Ecological theory predicts that vegetation changes caused by introduction of livestock grazing may be irreversible after livestock are removed, especially in regions such as Australia that have a short evolutionary exposure to ungulate grazing. Despite this, fencing to exclude livestock grazing is the major tool used for restoring biodiversity in remnant vegetation degraded by grazing in Australian agricultural landscapes. To characterise benefits and limitations of livestock exclusion for enhancing biodiversity in forb-rich York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. loxophleba) – jam (Acacia acuminata) woodlands, we compared 29 fenced remnants from across the central Western Australian wheatbelt with 29 adjacent grazed remnants and 11 little-grazed ‘benchmark’ woodlands. We explored two hypotheses: (1) fencing to exclude livestock facilitates recovery of grazed woodlands towards benchmark conditions, and (2) after fencing, recovery of grazed woodlands to benchmark conditions is constrained by ecological or other limits. Our first hypothesis was supported, with fenced remnants more similar to benchmark woodlands in tree recruitment, exotic cover, native cover, native plant richness and plant species composition than grazed remnants were. Further, exotic cover decreased and frequency of jam increased with time since fencing (2–22 years). However we found no evidence for recovery of nutrient-enriched topsoils due to fencing. Our second hypothesis was also supported, with higher soil nutrients and exotic cover, lower native plant richness and different plant species composition in fenced compared with benchmark woodlands. Regression analyses suggested recovery of native species richness can be constrained by exotic species that persist after fencing, which in turn are more persistent at higher soil nutrient concentrations. We conclude that fencing to exclude livestock grazing is valuable for biodiversity conservation. However, consistent with ecological theory, additional

Published
2011

28. Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness

Author

Adler, P.B., Seabloom, E., Borer, E.T., Hillebrand, H., Hautier, Y., Hector, A., Harpole, W.S., O'Halloran, L.R., Grace, J.B., Anderson, T.M., Bakker, J.D., Biederman, L.A., Brown, C.S., Buckley, Y., Calabrese, L., Chu, C.J., Cleland, E.E., Collins, S.L., Cottingham, K.L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, E.I., Davies, K.F., DeCrappeo, N.M., Fay, P.A., Firn, J., Frater, P., E.I., Gasarch, Gruner, D., Hagenah, N., HilleRisLambers, J., Humphryes, H., Jin, V.L., Kay, A., Kirkham, K.P., Klein, J.A., Knops, J., La Pierre, K.J., Lambrinos, J., Li, W., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R., Melbourne, B.A., Mitchell, C.E., Moore, J., Morgan, J., Mortenson, B., Orrock, J., Prober, S., Pyke, D.A., Risch, A., Schuetz, M., Smith, M.D., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, L. L., Wang, G., Wragg, P., Wright, J, Yang, J.H., Adler, P.B., Seabloom, E., Borer, E.T., Hillebrand, H., Hautier, Y., Hector, A., Harpole, W.S., O'Halloran, L.R., Grace, J.B., Anderson, T.M., Bakker, J.D., Biederman, L.A., Brown, C.S., Buckley, Y., Calabrese, L., Chu, C.J., Cleland, E.E., Collins, S.L., Cottingham, K.L., Crawley, Michael J., Damschen, E.I., Davies, K.F., DeCrappeo, N.M., Fay, P.A., Firn, J., Frater, P., E.I., Gasarch, Gruner, D., Hagenah, N., HilleRisLambers, J., Humphryes, H., Jin, V.L., Kay, A., Kirkham, K.P., Klein, J.A., Knops, J., La Pierre, K.J., Lambrinos, J., Li, W., MacDougall, A.S., McCulley, R., Melbourne, B.A., Mitchell, C.E., Moore, J., Morgan, J., Mortenson, B., Orrock, J., Prober, S., Pyke, D.A., Risch, A., Schuetz, M., Smith, M.D., Stevens, Carly, Sullivan, L. L., Wang, G., Wragg, P., Wright, J, and Yang, J.H.

Abstract

For more than 30 years, the relationship between net primary productivity and species richness has generated intense debate in ecology about the processes regulating local diversity. The original view, which is still widely accepted, holds that the relationship is hump-shaped, with richness first rising and then declining with increasing productivity. Although recent meta-analyses questioned the generality of hump-shaped patterns, these syntheses have been criticized for failing to account for methodological differences among studies. We addressed such concerns by conducting standardized sampling in 48 herbaceous-dominated plant communities on five continents. We found no clear relationship between productivity and fine-scale (meters−2) richness within sites, within regions, or across the globe. Ecologists should focus on fresh, mechanistic approaches to understanding the multivariate links between productivity and richness.

Published
2011

29. Abundance of introduced species at home predicts abundance away in herbaceous communities

Author

Firn, J., Moore, J.L., MacDougall, A.S., Borer, E.T., Seabloom, E., HilleRisLambers, J., Harpole, W.S., Cleland, E.E., Brown, C.S., Knops, J.M.H., Prober, S., Pyke, D.A., Farrell, K.A., Bakker, J., O’Halloran, L.R., Adler, P.B., Collins, S.L., D’Antonio, C.M., Crawley, M. J., Wolkovich, E.M., La Pierre, K.J., Melbourne, B.A., Hautier, Y., Morgan, J.W., Leakey, A.B.D., Kay, A., McCulley, R., Davies, K, Stevens, Carly, Chu, C.J., Holl, K.D., Klein, J.A., Fay, P.A., Hagenah, N., Kirkham, K.P., Buckley, Y., Firn, J., Moore, J.L., MacDougall, A.S., Borer, E.T., Seabloom, E., HilleRisLambers, J., Harpole, W.S., Cleland, E.E., Brown, C.S., Knops, J.M.H., Prober, S., Pyke, D.A., Farrell, K.A., Bakker, J., O’Halloran, L.R., Adler, P.B., Collins, S.L., D’Antonio, C.M., Crawley, M. J., Wolkovich, E.M., La Pierre, K.J., Melbourne, B.A., Hautier, Y., Morgan, J.W., Leakey, A.B.D., Kay, A., McCulley, R., Davies, K, Stevens, Carly, Chu, C.J., Holl, K.D., Klein, J.A., Fay, P.A., Hagenah, N., Kirkham, K.P., and Buckley, Y.

Abstract

Many ecosystems worldwide are dominated by introduced plant species, leading to loss of biodiversity and ecosystem function. A common but rarely tested assumption is that these plants are more abundant in introduced vs. native communities, because ecological or evolutionary-based shifts in populations underlie invasion success. Here, data for 26 herbaceous species at 39 sites, within eight countries, revealed that species abundances were similar at native (home) and introduced (away) sites – grass species were generally abundant home and away, while forbs were low in abundance, but more abundant at home. Sites with six or more of these species had similar community abundance hierarchies, suggesting that suites of introduced species are assembling similarly on different continents. Overall, we found that substantial changes to populations are not necessarily a pre-condition for invasion success and that increases in species abundance are unusual. Instead, abundance at home predicts abundance away, a potentially useful additional criterion for biosecurity programmes.

Published
2011

30. Productivity is a poor predictor of plant species richness

Author

Adler, P B, Seabloom, E W, Borer, E T, Hillebrand, H, Hautier, Y, Hector, A, Harpole, W Stanley; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-9174, O'Halloran, L R, Grace, J B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, J D, Biederman, L A, Brown, C S, Buckley, Y M, Calabrese, L B, Chu, C J, Cleland, E E, Collins, S L, Cottingham, K L, Crawley, M J, Damschen, E I, Davies, K F, DeCrappeo, N M, Fay, P A, Firn, J, Frater, P, Gasarch, E I, Gruner, D S, Hagenah, N, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Humphries, H, Jin, V L, Kay, A D, Kirkman, K P, Klein, J A, Knops, J M H, La Pierre, K J, Lambrinos, J G, Li, W, MacDougall, A S, McCulley, R L, Melbourne, B A, Mitchell, C E, Moore, J L, Morgan, J W, Mortensen, B, Orrock, J L, Prober, S M, Pyke, D A, Risch, A C, Schuetz, M, Smith, M D, Stevens, C J, Sullivan, L L, Wang, G, Wragg, P D, Wright, J P, Yang, L H, Adler, P B, Seabloom, E W, Borer, E T, Hillebrand, H, Hautier, Y, Hector, A, Harpole, W Stanley; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-9174, O'Halloran, L R, Grace, J B, Anderson, T Michael, Bakker, J D, Biederman, L A, Brown, C S, Buckley, Y M, Calabrese, L B, Chu, C J, Cleland, E E, Collins, S L, Cottingham, K L, Crawley, M J, Damschen, E I, Davies, K F, DeCrappeo, N M, Fay, P A, Firn, J, Frater, P, Gasarch, E I, Gruner, D S, Hagenah, N, Hille Ris Lambers, J, Humphries, H, Jin, V L, Kay, A D, Kirkman, K P, Klein, J A, Knops, J M H, La Pierre, K J, Lambrinos, J G, Li, W, MacDougall, A S, McCulley, R L, Melbourne, B A, Mitchell, C E, Moore, J L, Morgan, J W, Mortensen, B, Orrock, J L, Prober, S M, Pyke, D A, Risch, A C, Schuetz, M, Smith, M D, Stevens, C J, Sullivan, L L, Wang, G, Wragg, P D, Wright, J P, and Yang, L H

Abstract

For more than 30 years, the relationship between net primary productivity and species richness has generated intense debate in ecology about the processes regulating local diversity. The original view, which is still widely accepted, holds that the relationship is hump-shaped, with richness first rising and then declining with increasing productivity. Although recent meta-analyses questioned the generality of hump-shaped patterns, these syntheses have been criticized for failing to account for methodological differences among studies. We addressed such concerns by conducting standardized sampling in 48 herbaceous-dominated plant communities on five continents. We found no clear relationship between productivity and fine-scale (meters−2) richness within sites, within regions, or across the globe. Ecologists should focus on fresh, mechanistic approaches to understanding the multivariate links between productivity and richness.

Published
2011

31. The Big Ecological Questions Inhibiting Effective Environment Management in Australia

Author

Morton, Steve, Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove, Harriss Olson, M, Hughes, Laura, McCulloch, Malcolm, McIntyre, Sue, Nix, Henry A, Prober, S M, Saunders, D.A., Andersen, Alan, Burgmann, M A, Lefroy, E.C., Lonsdale, WM, Lowe, I., McMichael, Anthony, Parslow, J.S., Steffen, Will, Williams, J E, Woinarski, John, Lindenmayer, David B, Morton, Steve, Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove, Harriss Olson, M, Hughes, Laura, McCulloch, Malcolm, McIntyre, Sue, Nix, Henry A, Prober, S M, Saunders, D.A., Andersen, Alan, Burgmann, M A, Lefroy, E.C., Lonsdale, WM, Lowe, I., McMichael, Anthony, Parslow, J.S., Steffen, Will, Williams, J E, Woinarski, John, and Lindenmayer, David B

Abstract

The need to improve environmental management in Australia is urgent because human health, well-being and social stability all depend ultimately on maintenance of life-supporting ecological processes. Ecological science can inform this effort, but when issues are socially and economically complex the inclination is to wait for science to provide answers before acting. Increasingly, managers and policy-makers will be called on to use the present state of scientific knowledge to supply reasonable inferences for action based on imperfect knowledge. Hence, one challenge is to use existing ecological knowledge more effectively; a second is to tackle the critical unanswered ecological questions. This paper identifies areas of environmental management that are profoundly hindered by an inability of science to answer basic questions, in contrast to those areas where knowledge is not the major barrier to policy development and management. Of the 22 big questions identified herein, more than half are directly related to climate change. Several of the questions concern our limited understanding of the dynamics of marine systems. There is enough information already available to develop effective policy and management to address several significant ecological issues. We urge ecologists to make better use of existing knowledge in dialogue with policy-makers and land managers. Because the challenges are enormous, ecologists will increasingly be engaging a wide range of other disciplines to help identify pathways towards a sustainable future.

Published
2009

32. The big ecological questions inhibiting effective environmental management in Australia

Author

MORTON, S. R., primary, HOEGH-GULDBERG, O., additional, LINDENMAYER, D. B., additional, OLSON, M. HARRISS, additional, HUGHES, L., additional, McCULLOCH, M. T., additional, McINTYRE, S., additional, NIX, H. A., additional, PROBER, S. M., additional, SAUNDERS, D. A., additional, ANDERSEN, A. N., additional, BURGMAN, M. A., additional, LEFROY, E. C., additional, LONSDALE, W. M., additional, LOWE, I., additional, McMICHAEL, A. J., additional, PARSLOW, J. S., additional, STEFFEN, W., additional, WILLIAMS, J. E., additional, and WOINARSKI, J. C. Z., additional

Published
2009
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41. The missing middle service gap: Obtaining a consensus definition of the 'Missing Middle' in youth mental health.

Author

Menssink JM, Gao CX, Zbukvic I, Prober S, Kakkos A, Watson A, Cotton SM, and Filia KM

Abstract

Objective: As highlighted in Australia's Productivity Commission Inquiry into mental health, subgroups of individuals are failing to have their needs met, or are 'falling through the cracks' in the current system - a phenomenon increasingly referred to as the 'missing middle'. A barrier to devising solutions is that the term 'missing middle' is not clearly defined. Using the Delphi method, we aimed to define the term and explore acceptability., Method: Three expert groups were recruited: carers and young people with a lived experience of mental ill-health; clinicians and service providers; researchers, policymakers and commissioners of mental health services. Using a three-stage Delphi process, we elicited definitions, refined and developed a consensus definition., Results: Ten subthemes describing the 'missing middle' were identified, with four endorsed across all expert groups from the outset: service gap, inflexibility, inadequate service quality and duration, and social disadvantage. Additional subthemes were later endorsed. Feedback was sought on a consensus-driven definition that encompassed the original four endorsed subthemes. Findings supported a shift to a systemic focus - framing the 'missing middle' as a care gap., Conclusions: A consensus definition was developed, repositioning the term to a systems lens, describing a 'missing middle service gap'. The definition represents the 'missing middle' as a term to describe a gap in care where existing mental health services are not meeting the needs of individuals in a meaningful way. Research was carried out in relation to youth mental health in Australia and the definition may need to be adapted for other contexts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Published
2024
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42. Capturing the clinical complexity in young people presenting to primary mental health services: a data-driven approach.

Author

Gao CX, Telford N, Filia KM, Menssink JM, Albrecht S, McGorry PD, Hamilton M, Wang M, Gan D, Dwyer D, Prober S, Zbukvic I, Ziou M, Cotton SM, and Rickwood DJ

Subjects
Humans, Adolescent, Female, Australia, Retrospective Studies, Male, Young Adult, Child, Mental Health Services, Mental Disorders therapy, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Primary Health Care statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Aims: The specific and multifaceted service needs of young people have driven the development of youth-specific integrated primary mental healthcare models, such as the internationally pioneering headspace services in Australia. Although these services were designed for early intervention, they often need to cater for young people with severe conditions and complex needs, creating challenges in service planning and resource allocation. There is, however, a lack of understanding and consensus on the definition of complexity in such clinical settings., Methods: This retrospective study involved analysis of headspace 's clinical minimum data set from young people accessing services in Australia between 1 July 2018 and 30 June 2019. Based on consultations with experts, complexity factors were mapped from a range of demographic information, symptom severity, diagnoses, illness stage, primary presenting issues and service engagement patterns. Consensus clustering was used to identify complexity subgroups based on identified factors. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to evaluate whether these complexity subgroups were associated with other risk factors., Results: A total of 81,622 episodes of care from 76,021 young people across 113 services were analysed. Around 20% of young people clustered into a 'high complexity' group, presenting with a variety of complexity factors, including severe disorders, a trauma history and psychosocial impairments. Two moderate complexity groups were identified representing 'distress complexity' and 'psychosocial complexity' (about 20% each). Compared with the 'distress complexity' group, young people in the 'psychosocial complexity' group presented with a higher proportion of education, employment and housing issues in addition to psychological distress, and had lower levels of service engagement. The distribution of complexity profiles also varied across different headspace services., Conclusions: The proposed data-driven complexity model offers valuable insights for clinical planning and resource allocation. The identified groups highlight the importance of adopting a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to address the diverse factors contributing to clinical complexity. The large number of young people presenting with moderate-to-high complexity to headspace early intervention services emphasises the need for systemic change in youth mental healthcare to ensure the availability of appropriate and timely support for all young people.

Published
2024
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43. 'More than just numbers on a page?' A qualitative exploration of the use of data collection and feedback in youth mental health services.

Author

Hamilton C, Filia K, Lloyd S, Prober S, and Duncan E

Subjects
Adolescent, Data Collection, Delivery of Health Care, Feedback, Humans, Mental Health, Qualitative Research, Mental Health Services
Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to explore current data collection and feedback practice, in the form of monitoring and evaluation, among youth mental health (YMH) services and healthcare commissioners; and to identify barriers and enablers to this practice., Design: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom videoconferencing software. Data collection and analysis were informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Data were deductively coded to the 14 domains of the TDF and inductively coded to generate belief statements., Setting: Healthcare commissioning organisations and YMH services in Australia., Participants: Twenty staff from healthcare commissioning organisations and twenty staff from YMH services., Results: The umbrella behaviour 'monitoring and evaluation' (ME) can be sub-divided into 10 specific sub-behaviours (e.g. planning and preparing, providing technical assistance, reviewing and interpreting data) performed by healthcare commissioners and YMH services. One hundred belief statements relating to individual, social, or environmental barriers and enablers were generated. Both participant groups articulated a desire to improve the use of ME for quality improvement and had particular interest in understanding the experiences of young people and families. Identified enablers included services and commissioners working in partnership, data literacy (including the ability to set appropriate performance indicators), relational skills, and provision of meaningful feedback. Barriers included data that did not adequately depict service performance, problems with data processes and tools, and the significant burden that data collection places on YMH services with the limited resources they have to do it., Conclusions: Importantly, this study illustrated that the use of ME could be improved. YMH services, healthcare commissioners should collaborate on ME plans and meaningfully involve young people and families where possible. Targets, performance indicators, and outcome measures should explicitly link to YMH service quality improvement; and ME plans should include qualitative data. Streamlined data collection processes will reduce unnecessary burden, and YMH services should have the capability to interrogate their own data and generate reports. Healthcare commissioners should also ensure that they provide meaningful feedback to their commissioned services, and local and national organisations collecting youth mental health data should facilitate the sharing of this data. The results of the study should be used to design theory-informed strategies to improve ME use., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2022
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44. Implications of high species turnover on the south-western Australian sandplains.

Author

Gibson N, Prober S, Meissner R, and van Leeuwen S

Subjects
Australia, Climate, Geography, South Australia, Western Australia, Biodiversity
Abstract

Species turnover and its components related to replacement and nestedness form a significant element of diversity that is historically poorly accounted for in conservation planning. To inform biodiversity conservation and contribute to a broader understanding of patterns in species turnover, we undertook a floristic survey of 160 plots along an 870 km transect across oligotrophic sandplains, extending from the mesic south coast to the arid interior of south-western Australia. A nested survey design was employed to sample distances along the transect as evenly as possible. Species turnover was correlated with geographic distance at both regional and local scales, consistent with dispersal limitation being a significant driver of species turnover. When controlled for species richness, species replacement was found to be the dominant component of species turnover and was uniformly high across the transect, uncorrelated with either climatic or edaphic factors. This high replacement rate, well documented in the mega-diverse south-west, appears to also be a consistent feature of arid zone vegetation systems despite a decrease in overall species richness. Species turnover increased rapidly with increasing extent along the transect reaching an asymptote at ca. 50 km. These findings are consistent with earlier work in sandplain and mallee vegetation in the south-west and suggests reserve based conservation strategies are unlikely to be practicable in the south-western Australia sandplains when communities are defined by species incidence rather than dominance.

Published
2017
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