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The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a crucial group of transportation problems, and the traditional capacitated VRP (CVRP) directly handles external logistics with a homogeneous vehicle fleet. This study examines CVRP from the perspective of in-plant logistics, focusing on a heterogeneous fleet within an automotive factory. The homogeneous and heterogeneous vehicle fleets were compared to address the factory’s actual in-plant logistics issues. First, simulated annealing (SA), tabu search (TS) algorithms, and mathematical modeling were used. A hybrid approach was proposed, and all the proposed meta-heuristic algorithms were evaluated for homogeneous and heterogeneous vehicle fleets. According to the results, the reduction rates of fleet area and distribution costs using CVRP with heterogeneous fleets are 17% and 36%, respectively. In addition, to examine the effect of the hybrid algorithm parameters on the results, the traveling distance was calculated for different scenarios, and multiple regression analyses were performed. According to the multiple regression analysis, the hybrid algorithm's most affected parameter was the cooling coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to examine studies investigating the competencies, needs, and socio-psychological problems of teachers in the process of religious education and instruction in Turkey. A general review of studies in this field reveals that multi-faceted evaluations and generalizations, such as those conducted in meta-synthesis or meta-analysis research, have not yet been undertaken in the context of religious education. The research aims to address this gap in the field and provide a comprehensive perspective on the conditions of teachers in the process of religious education. For this purpose, a total of forty-one studies, comprising articles and postgraduate theses published between 2002 and 2022, were analyzed. The identified articles and postgraduate theses were analyzed using the meta-synthesis method. During the evaluation process, tables were used. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the general conditions and competencies of teachers in the religious education process were mostly evaluated negatively, and that many of the socio-psychological problems faced by teachers were related to these areas of competency. It has been determined that the low levels of competency of teachers in this process, and the socio-psychological problems that mostly develop as a result, stem from the fact that the general competencies of the teaching profession, as well as the vocational courses in Imam Hatip High Schools (İHL) and Religious Culture and Ethics (DKAB) education, are not organized in a specific and independent manner for these teachers. The research's proposed solutions related to this issue are listed as follows: The general competencies of the teaching profession, as well as the vocational courses in Imam Hatip High Schools (İHL) and Religious Culture and Ethics (DKAB) education, should be restructured in a specific and independent manner. In İHL vocational courses and DKAB lessons, teacher competencies should be determined based on subject-specific qualifications and expertise. Teacher training qualifications should integrate current and academic methods related to how religious knowledge should be taught. It is recommended that competencies of a socio-psychological nature, which support better management of the process, be added to the teacher competencies in the religious education process, along with competencies such as spiritual well-being, spiritual guidance, and religious counseling. According to the results of the research, teachers in the religious education process mostly experience insufficiencies in the areas of "following innovations," "utilizing technology," "developing materials," "understanding the approaches of curricula," and "choosing appropriate methods." They also face socio-psychological problems in areas such as "self-development," "supporting students' cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitudes while transferring religious knowledge," "guiding students in problem-solving and coping skills," "moving religious education beyond a normative understanding of religion," and "being a reliable source of information in the eyes of students." It was determined that they need support in these areas. In this context, it is generally recommended that the processes of teaching religious knowledge be re-evaluated. It is advised that the interpretive, functional, and normative aspects of religious knowledge be reflected in religious education programs according to the needs of the students. It is also recommended that teaching methods be developed based on the type of religious knowledge, that these methods be taught to teachers, and that efforts be made to raise teachers' awareness of their perceptions of religious knowledge. On the other hand, according to the results of this research, there is a need to include topics that nourish religious sentiment and structure religious knowledge, such as "the perception of God and positive attachment figures to God," which form the foundation of religious knowledge and religious perception, within religious education programs as part of a conscious and strategic plan. Furthermore, it is considered important to include these topics in teacher training programs in the religious education process, as it may contribute to reducing the socio-psychological problems of teachers in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of INES Journal: The Journal of International Education Science / Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of INES Journal: The Journal of International Education Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of INES Journal: The Journal of International Education Science / Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of INES Journal: The Journal of International Education Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the REACT strategy in augmented reality applications on the problem-solving skills of teacher candidates. A parallel mixed method, which converges from mixed research designs, was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 50 teacher candidates studying at the Faculty of Education at Siirt University. The REACT strategy rubric was used as a data collection tool in the quantitative dimension, and a semi-structured interview form, the researcher's and participant's diaries were used in the qualitative dimension. Quantitative data were analyzed with a computer package program and qualitative data were subjected to content analysis with the MAXQDA program. In addition, excerpts were made from stories, researcher's and participant's diaries, and semi-structured interview forms through document analysis, thus diversifying the data. As a result of the research, the problem-solving and critical thinking skills of the participants improved in the REACT strategy used in AR applications. During the experiencing step of the REACT strategy, which consists of interrelated steps, participants encountered problems and received support from their friends to solve these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scheduling is a systematic method to optimize work time, and avoid failure when problems occur. Scheduling is widely applied in the world of education, one of which is in preparing course schedules. Scheduling itself needs to be optimized to ensure a smooth lecture process without any problems between courses. As happened at the Faculty of Computer Science, Amikom Purwokerto University, where in the preparation of the schedule there is no information about lecture rooms. Therefore, the author compiled a lecture hall scheduling optimization journal by comparing the performance between the Welch Powell Algorithm and the Greedy Algorithm as optimization and graph coloring on the lecture hall schedule.The data used in this study are 88 courses spread across 3 study programs, namely Informatics Study Program, Information Systems Study Program, and Informatics Engineering Study Program. This research uses a comparative method on graph vertex coloring, where execution time as duration, lines as algorithm complexity, and manual algorithm calculation as parameters. Based on the research that has been done, the results of 14 full spectrum colors are obtained which are then applied to 23 lecture rooms that can be used without clashes at the Faculty of Computer Science. This can minimize the possibility of overlapping room usage between courses. In addition to comparing the performance of the Welch-Powell Algorithm and the Greedy Algorithm to produce optimal scheduling of lecture rooms, this research can also optimize the schedule of lecturers when entering class to optimize students to be more organized in entering lecture classes at the Faculty of Computer Science, Amikom Purwokerto University.

For many healthcare professionals, identifying the ethical issues arising from their professional practice can be a challenge, for a variety of reasons. This paper presents a typology of six different types of ethical issues that can support the development of healthcare professionals’ ethical sensitivity, i.e., their ability to identify ethical issues encountered in their day-to-day practice. In addition to defining each of these issues, i.e., ethical blindness, myopia, dilemma, temptation, silence, and distress, examples are given and possible solutions proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental research design was used in this study. The findings of this study revealed that using a game-based teaching approach is better than using a traditional teaching approach in improving the performance of the respondents, as demonstrated by higher post-test scores. The game-based approach led to a significant increase in the performance of the respondents. On the other hand, employing a traditional teaching approach demonstrated no significant difference between the post-test scores and the pre-test scores of the respondents. Further, the study also conducted an independent-sample T-test to compare the mean scores of two groups of respondents: one group taught using a game-based approach and the other using a traditional approach. Using an independent-sample T-test, the study further revealed that the mean score of the respondents taught using a game-based approach is significantly higher than the mean score of the respondents taught using a traditional approach. These findings indicate that using a game-based teaching approach is better than a traditional teaching approach to enhance the learning outcomes of the students. Future researchers should conduct longitudinal studies and comparative assessment to assess the effectiveness of game-based approach as a learning intervention across different subject areas and grade levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Oriental Studies (Al-Farabi Kazakh National University) / Kazahskij Nacional'nyj Universitet Imeni Al'-Farabi Vestnik Seriâ Vostokovedeniâ is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Construction Economy is the property of Construction Economy Editorial Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the REACT strategy in augmented reality applications on the problem-solving skills of teacher candidates. A parallel mixed method, which converges from mixed research designs, was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 50 teacher candidates studying at the Faculty of Education at Siirt University. The REACT strategy rubric was used as a data collection tool in the quantitative dimension, and a semi-structured interview form, the researcher's and participant's diaries were used in the qualitative dimension. Quantitative data were analyzed with a computer package program and qualitative data were subjected to content analysis with the MAXQDA program. In addition, excerpts were made from stories, researcher's and participant's diaries, and semi-structured interview forms through document analysis, thus diversifying the data. As a result of the research, the problem-solving and critical thinking skills of the participants improved in the REACT strategy used in AR applications. During the experiencing step of the REACT strategy, which consists of interrelated steps, participants encountered problems and received support from their friends to solve these problems.

Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fen lisesi öğrencilerinin farklı tür problem kurma görevlerindeki başarı düzeylerinin ve görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Çalışma grubunu bir fen lisesindeki 10.sınıf öğrencisi dokuz öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan ‘durum çalışması’ deseni kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak öğrencilerin problem kurma etkinliklerindeki çalışmaları kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmanın sonunda yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Problem kurma etkinliklerinin tasarımında kavrama, aktarma, düzenleme ve seçme kategorilerinin yer aldığı Christou ve arkadaşlarına (2005) ait kuramsal çerçeveden yararlanılmıştır. Katılımcıların çalışmaları “Problem Kurma Beceri Testi Puanlama Cetveli” ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre öğrencilerin, problem kurarken başarılı olduğu ancak dil bilgisi ve ifade açısından eksikliklerinin bulunduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğrencilerin problemleri daha önceki deneyimlerinden yola çıkarak kurdukları ve genellikle orijinal problem kurmadıkları görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin problem kurarken en zorlandıkları kategori, düzenleme görevi olmuştur ancak bu durum, problem kurma görevleri arasında hiyerarşi olduğunu göstermemektedir. Öğrencilerin görüşleri incelendiğinde problem kurmanın öğrencilerin bakış açısını değiştirmek, kendini ifade etmek, yaratıcılığını göstermek, eğlenceli vakit geçirmek gibi durumlarda katkı sağladığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca grup çalışmasının iletişim ve karşısındaki insanın fikirlerini anlamada olumlu yönde etkilediği görülmüştür.

Copyright of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College is the property of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to show that the traditional problem of evil can be logically dissolved by a more thorough analysis of what love (Agape, Eros, Philia) and evil actually are. When investigated this analysis reveals that they are manifestations and evaluations of power dynamical relations leading to a conclusion that it would be logically impossible for God to be all-loving and at the same time prevent evil as all-loving constitutes an unlimited, unjudgmental, empowerment and good and evil are simply evaluations or perspectives on that power use. To stop evil God would have to disempower in some way and that would not be Agape and thus logically impossible as Agape is part of the very nature of God. This paper reveals the "form" of good to be empowerment and the "form" of bad/evil to be disempowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfiguration strategies are used to reduce power losses and increase the reliability of the distribution systems. Since the optimal reconfiguration problem is a multi-objective optimization problem with non-convex functions and constraints, meta-heuristic algorithms are the most suitable choice for the problem-solving approach. One of the new meta-heuristic algorithms that exhibits excellent performance in solving multi-objective problems is the wild mice colony (WMC) algorithm, which is implemented based on aggressive and mating strategies of wild mice. In this paper, the distribution network reconfiguration problem is solved to reduce power losses, improve reliability, and increase the voltage profile of network buses using the WMC algorithm. In addition, the obtained results are compared with conventional multi-objective algorithms. The optimal reconfiguration problem is applied to the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems. The comparative study confirms the superior performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of convergence speed, execution time, and the final solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Current Nursing Research / Güncel Hemşirelik Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Current Nursing Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the educational impasse potentially posed by the confrontation between a present in crisis and a past narrated as a victorious conquest of the principles of modernity (progress, development, freedom). Posed as contemporary values to be defended rather than as contextualized ideas and choices, these principles establish the school narrative of a harmonious link between sociopolitical freedom and industrial economic growth, even if it means locking students into a present that is dysfunctional but cannot be called into question. Based on a reflection centered on the school narrative surrounding the Industrial Revolution in French high schools, this article analyzes the existence of « presentism » within the prescribed curriculum in order to shed light on the aporias of this type of history teaching in a crisis context. This critical analysis then provides an opportunity to propose some didactic avenues based on contemporary epistemological reflections and on recent historiographical developments in order to transform the fatalistic narration of the crisis into a problematization allowing us to weave echoes of intelligibility between the past, the present, and the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem-solving ability is one of the competencies that individuals must have as a provision to face increasingly complex problems. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the Collaborative Learning (CL) model on the problem-solving ability of civic education based on the cognitive style of students. This study applies the quantitative research paradigm with a quasi-experimental design. The research subjects were 162 students selected by cluster random sampling technique from two private universities in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data collection techniques use Cognitive Style Inventory (CoSI) and Problem Solving Inventory (PSI). The data were analyzed using an independent sample t test technique with SPSS software. The results showed that the application of the CL model had a significant effect on the problem-solving ability of civic education in students. The field independent (FI) cognitive style shows higher problem-solving ability than the field dependent (FD) in both the application of the CL model and the Cooperative Learning (CpL) model. In the learning process, it is recommended that educators apply the CL model as an alternative in improving the problem-solving ability of civic education by paying attention to the cognitive style of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kufa Studies Center Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Educational Sciences is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents a model of scientific approach to problem solving. The model is based on a gradual approach, preparation, resolution, verification and improvement of solutions. Each of the steps in the process of solving a problem or task requires thorough consideration and analysis after which the question "satisfied?". The affirmative answer points to the next, while the negative requires further analysis or a return to one of the previous steps. The presented approach can be successfully used to solve problems and tasks in economic systems and in scientific research in general. The presented model confirmed its simplicity and practicality in concrete scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya University Journal of Education Faculty (SUJEF) / Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Sakarya University Journal of Education Faculty (SUJEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Amidst a rapidly evolving digital landscape that accelerates the flow of information, higher education institutions face the unique challenge of managing vast and dynamic knowledge resources. This research delves into the motivations and innovative solutions for developing Knowledge Management Systems (KMS), which is key to optimizing knowledge resource utilization and enhancing academic collaboration. Objective: This research provides a comprehensive mapping of problems and solutions for developing university knowledge management systems based on previous research. Not only that, but the results of this study also suggest three future research studies that can be adopted. Methods: This study used the Kitchenham systematic literature review method. The author uses literature in the form of journals and conference proceedings published from 2019 to 2023. Twenty-three articles were used for this study from 5 databases, such as ACM, ProQuest, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and IEEE Xplore. Results: This study reveals research trends in knowledge management systems within higher education, examining aspects such as country, data collection methods, research methodologies, and theoretical frameworks. The main problems motivating the development of KMS are identified and categorized based on the people, process, and technology framework. In overcoming these problems in the university business process, there are several alternative solutions, both in the form of requirements and systems. Thus, the results of this study seek to provide guidelines for future research to adopt alternative solutions from this research and develop KMS to provide new solutions. Conclusion: This study advances knowledge about various trends, motivations, requirements, and system solutions to address KMS problems in higher education. The authors' research results can add valuable insights to improve our understanding of the development of KMS in universities in various countries. Future research can identify new potential in KMS in business processes currently running in a university with appropriate methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women entrepreneurs frequently face challenges and problems while starting and developing their businesses. The objective of the study was to examine the problems and challenges women face in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu. For the sample of the study, the researcher identified fifty-five women who were involved in various enterprises. The main obstacles were found to be lack of work- life balance and lack of financial support.

Even though Indonesia faces significant gender disparities across various sectors, including education, health, employment, and political representation, there remains a dearth of research addressing the barriers and strategic solutions for women's empowerment, which is the aim of this study. A quantitative method driven by the Modified Penta Helix Model (MPM) and the Delphi Analytical Network Process (DANP) was used. On the one hand, MPM was used to establish renewal between the five strategic dimensions and other additional elements such as economic, socio-cultural, and education and training. On the other hand, D-ANP developed indicators based on Focus Group Discussions (FGD) outcomes, in-depth interviews, and structured questionnaires. According to this study, education and training are essential in empowering women. The results of this study indicate the main problems in empowering women, which are divided into eight main dimensions: economic, socio-cultural, education and training, government support, association support, academic support, media support, and private sector support. Education and training were the most critical problems in empowering women. Collaboration between academics, business, community, government, and media is essential to develop effective education and training programs to empower women in Indonesia. Through employing D-ANP and MPM methodologies, this study suggests a model of women's economic empowerment to improve the quality of Indonesian women and Indonesia's position in the Women's Empowerment Index.

The article examines the principal English-language studies of the last century focused on exploring the personality of Macrobius (5th century) and his works — Saturnalia (Saturnalia [ed. Willis, 1963]), Commentary on the 'Dream of Scipio' (Commentarii in Somnium Scipionis [ed. Willis, 1963]), and On the differences and similarities of Greek and Latin verbs (De verborum graeci et latini differentiis vel societatibus excerpta [ed. De Paolis, 1990]), written for educational purposes and representing a compen-dium of Greek knowledge. Interest in Macrobius's creative legacy notably intensified towards the end of the 19th century, a trend linked to the release of critical editions of Macrobian texts and their subsequent translations into French. In particular, the study analyzes the research of Thomas Whittaker (Macrobius; or philosophy, science and letters in the year 400; published in 1923), William Harris Stahl (Macrobius, Commentary on the ‘Dream of Scipio’, published in 1952), Alan Cameron (The date and identity of Macro-bius [published in 1966] and Macrobius, Avienus, and Avianus [published in 1967]), Herman De Ley (Macrobius and Numenius. A study of Macrobius, ‘In Somn.’ I, c. 12; published in 1972), Stephen Gersh (Middle platonism and neoplatonism, the Latin tradition; published in 1986), Roger A. Pack (A medieval critic of Macrobius’ cosmometrics; published in 1981), Alison Peden (Science and philosophy in Wales at the time of the Norman con-quest: a Macrobius manuscript from Llabadarn; published in 1981), among others. It highlights the primary issues that researchers have focused on when studying Macrobius's literary legacy, identifies the challenges in ana-lyzing his works, and acknowledges the contribution of English-speaking scholars to the global historiography.

Problem-solving ability is one of the competencies that individuals must have as a provision to face increasingly complex problems. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the Collaborative Learning (CL) model on the problem-solving ability of civic education based on the cognitive style of students. This study applies the quantitative research paradigm with a quasi-experimental design. The research subjects were 162 students selected by cluster random sampling technique from two private universities in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data collection techniques use Cognitive Style Inventory (CoSI) and Problem Solving Inventory (PSI). The data were analyzed using an independent sample t test technique with SPSS software. The results showed that the application of the CL model had a significant effect on the problem-solving ability of civic education in students. The field independent (FI) cognitive style shows higher problem-solving ability than the field dependent (FD) in both the application of the CL model and the Cooperative Learning (CpL) model. In the learning process, it is recommended that educators apply the CL model as an alternative in improving the problem-solving ability of civic education by paying attention to the cognitive style of students.

This study aims to highlight and evaluate the issues at an in-depth level to provide different solutions that are expected to be a reflection for the government, especially the Ministry of Education and Culture, to be able to improve the implementation and monitoring of the Kampus Mengajar Program. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, and the data were collected from a focus group discussion with students of the English Education Study Program at Universitas Lancang Kuning, then the data was analyzed descriptively. The results highlight some problems in the implementation of the Kampus Merdeka Program. These included a lack of coordination and clear communication between stakeholders, which led to confusion among students and schools, uneven targeting of schools, inadequate support for the program, and credit conversion, resulting in frustration and challenges. Addressing these issues, the study recommended increased socialization of the program, transparency in credit equivalency, and more accurate school data collection. In conclusion, this research offers several solutions that are expected to reflect the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (Kemendikbudristek) that the Kampus Mengajar Program faces various challenges in its implementation, which need to be addressed for the program to effectively meet its goal of improving education in the 3T areas.