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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO Esta pesquisa aborda a relação entre agricultura e indústria no processo de acumulação de capital no Brasil do final dos anos 20 até o início dos anos 60. É uma exploração da dinâmica das articulações intersetoriais no período e dos efeitos das políticas estaduais sobre essas dinâmicas. Foi demonstrado que, embora a agricultura brasileira tenha desempenhado suas cinco funções tradicionais ao longo do período de 1930 a 1960, seu desempenho não foi uma história de progresso constante em cada frente. Durante os anos 50, as cinco funções pareciam conter contradições internas associadas ao estabelecimento das indústrias de consumo durável e de bens de capital pesado. As políticas de Estado foram vistas como reforçando as contradições que contribuíram para a crise da economia brasileira do início dos anos sessenta.

Neste artigo parte-se do contexto económico e político da transição dos anos 1920 para os 1930 para estudar aspetos da evolução da política cerealífera nos Açores. Neste processo dinâmico de mudança, a agricultura, em geral, e a cerealicultura, em particular, foram muito visadas pelas políticas públicas e pelas decisões governativas. Os nossos principais objetivos passam por analisar a organização, relações e implicações das atividades dos agentes envolvidos na cadeia produtiva do trigo. Conclui-se que as formas de mobilização pública e de pressão das elites económicas, neste caso dos moageiros e proprietários agrícolas, sobre as instâncias políticas não se distanciou do que ocorreu no contexto continental, embora o Estado se tenha tornado o derradeiro elemento regulador.

Copyright of Tendencias: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas is the property of Universidad de Narino, Facultad de Ciencias Economics y Administrativas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO O Brasil vive um grande boom na produção de soja. Desde a década de 1960, o país conseguiu diversificar sua matriz exportadora, incluindo as exportações de soja e seu óleo, suco de laranja e carnes. No entanto, a crise de 1982-3 diminuiu a capacidade do Estado de apoiar o setor agrícola. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o impacto da nova condição financeira nos custos de produção do setor.

This study aims to analyze the growth sources of selected crops in the State of Pará, from 1974 to 2019. Growth rates were calculated for harvested area, production and yield at the state level and also for the Location Quotient (QL) at the microregional level, to assess the specialization of the regions. It appears that there was a reorganization in the agricultural exploration system of Pará, both of temporary and permanent crops. And the observation in different time horizons allowed to identify some patterns of spatial concentration of the cultures studied, where cassava is one of the cultures where a greater deconcentration of the activity is perceived, that with the exception of the year 2000, about 55% of the microregions of Pará were classified as specialists in culture. Thus, it is emphasized that the biggest obstacles to the full development of these markets are related to the lack of incentives in the form of public policies, technical assistance, technological innovations and research, being essential investments with a view to filling the bottlenecks that plague the development of crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista FACE is the property of Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Starting from historiographical debates on agrarian specialisation and alternative agriculture, the present study focuses on the importance of citrus in the 18th and 19th centuries Portuguese agrarian systems and its consequences in the contemporary trade. Making a historical review of the expansion of citrus cultivation and based on a set of various sources, it concludes that despite external competition, some regions of the country continued to promote the cultivation of oranges, betting on a greater agricultural specialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides a comprehensive review of the economic impact of agricultural supply chain and distribution networks on output. It analyzes various factors such as technological advancements, optimization techniques, and farmers' integration in the value chain. The study also explores challenges faced in different regions, including India and Africa, and proposes solutions such as Warehouse Management Systems and network optimization models. The article emphasizes the importance of an integrated agri-based supply chain ecosystem for efficient and sustainable operations. [Extracted from the article]

A exposição crônica aos agrotóxicos disruptores endócrinos pode relacionar-se ao surgimento de câncer de mama em regiões agrícolas. Objetivou-se investigar se o consumo de agrotóxicos possui correlação com as taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama na população feminina do oeste catarinense. Realizou-se um estudo ecológico retrospectivo. De bancos de dados públicos obtiveram-se o número de óbitos por câncer de mama e a produção agrícola por área plantada da mesorregião oeste. A média dos coeficientes padronizados de mortalidade foi calculada nos períodos: 2005 a 2009, 2010 a 2014 e 2015 a 2019. Os dados brutos do consumo de agrotóxicos foram agrupados de 2000 a 2004, considerando-se que os efeitos biológicos de uma exposição crônica ocorrem tardiamente. Assim, considerou-se uma exposição pregressa, em que o consumo de agrotóxicos antecedeu os períodos de mortalidade em cinco, dez e 15 anos. Para a análise estatística, utilizaram-se a cartografia temática e a técnica Quantum GIS. Empregou-se o método de overlay para realizar a correlação espacial. Considerando-se 15 anos de exposição, a soma dos municípios com taxa acima da média de mortalidade por câncer de mama foi de 93 dos 118 dos municípios do oeste catarinense, que apresentam histórico acima da média para o consumo de agrotóxicos (R2=0,69). Em 79% dos casos, a mortalidade ocorreu a uma frequência acima da média em municípios cujo consumo de agrotóxicos também ultrapassou a média regional. Foi possível correlacionar, proporcionalmente, as taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama com o uso de agrotóxicos disruptores endócrinos.

Savings and loan groups were implemented with the support of international NGOs working in Mozambique from the 1990s onwards, however, despite the relative success in rural areas, little attention was paid to this type of savings. In order to analyze its role in the well-being of its members residing in the locality of Macuvulane in the district of Magude. A total of 102 agricultural producers representing an equal number of households (AF) were interviewed, 51 being members of the savings and loan groups (research group) and (51) non-members of the savings and loan groups (control group). The generated data were processed and analyzed using SPSS to compare the socioeconomic characteristics of households that are members of the savings and loan groups and those that are not. Significant differences were observed in terms of ownership of various goods and income, in terms of the quantity of agricultural and animal products, in terms of the ability to sell their products to preferential markets and greater possibility of profit among members. savings and loan groups relative to nonmembers. The study allowed us to conclude that belonging to savings and loan groups contributes to the wellbeing of its members as it facilitates access to credit. Ease of access to credit makes it possible to invest in improving its activities and the ability to sell its products to preferential markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study evaluated germination, production, and morphological composition of Urochloabrizantha intercropped with corn and sorghum; and silage fermentation losses and aerobic stability of intercrop silage using microbial inoculant. Twenty experimental parcels (5.0 × 3.6 m) were used in a blocked randomized design to evaluate four treatments obtained from a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements: I) crop material (corn vs. sorghum) and II) Brachiaria (U. brizantha) establishment (present vs. absent). Corn- and sorghum-brachiaria integrated systems showed similar brachiaria germination, forage yield, and morphological composition. There was no crop and brachiaria interaction effect on the variables related to corn and sorghum plants and the total productivity. Brachiaria decreased the stem diameter and increased the population of maize and sorghum plants. However, it did not affect systems productivity. Microbial inoculation did not affect corn silage effluent losses and reduced sorghum silage effluent losses. In corn silage, brachiaria did not affect gas losses, while in sorghum silage, brachiaria increased the gas losses. Total losses were higher in sorghum silage than in corn silage, which resulted in a lower DM recovery. The treatments did not affect the pH of the silage after aerobic exposure. However, brachiaria increased silage temperature evaluated at 32 and 40 hours after aerobic exposure. Thus, corn or sorghum consortium has similar brachiaria morphological composition and productivity. Moreover, in intercropped silage, brachiaria increases effluent losses and reduces silage aerobic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste em analisar de que forma a distribuição espacial e temporal da pluviometria influenciou na produção agrícola do estado do Maranhão, realizando um comparativo entre as Unidades Agrícolas Familiares (UAF) e Unidades Agrícolas Não Familiares ou Patronais (UAP) e nas Regiões Homogêneas de Precipitação (RHP) maranhenses nos anos de 2006 e 2017. Para tanto foi utilizada a metodologia de análise multivariada e modelo de regressão linear. Os dados utilizados foram coletados do Sistema de Recuperação Automática (SIDRA) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), do Censo Agropecuário dos anos de 2006 e 2017, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que as UAP obtiveram valores mais elevados que a UAF no índice de produtividade do estado do Maranhão. Também pode-se inferir que a variável pluviometria está mais relacionada as Unidades de Agricultura Familiares, considerando os anos de 2006 e 2017.

Este artigo tem por objetivo abordar conceitos e a metodologia de custos de produção adotada pela Epagri junto aos agricultores do estado. A abordagem do custo operacional se mostrou adequado à lógica e funcionamento da agricultura familiar catarinense e vem consolidar uma metodologia de apuração de custos e receitas desenvolvida diretamente no campo de produção, trazendo a realidade vivida no dia a dia desses agricultores.

Climate change has been related to production losses in crops. This process has been intensified by human action about transforming different compounds, including those based on Carbon, and their emission into the atmosphere. Logically, the possibility of ecological change is also based on the way this environment interacts in its properties with its biotic and abiotic factors. In this sense, the role of this manuscript was to synthesize information that relates to climate change, the microbiota, and sensations. As a result of this research, information can be gathered on the following points: 1) there is a natural interaction between sensations and the microorganisms that survived in them and their surroundings, which allowed natural selection and co-evolution between these groups of living beings; 2) the possibility of ecological changes promoted by climate change can cause several problems in natural environments; 3) poorly managed agroecosystems are not resilient to climate change and 4) literature that deals with sustainable production conditions to climate change is incipient, with an emphasis on seeds and microorganisms. The possibility of studies that relate the factors described in this research can be useful for improving the conservation of ecological environments, even in production processes, and agroecosystems as they can be described. Taking into account the possibility of environmental modulation and proposals for more sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Orinoquia is the property of Universidad de los Llanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the gradual transfer of an enormous young and middle age labor force from agricultural field to non-agricultural sectors, the negative role of land fragmentation (LF), which is related to food security, is increasingly reflecting in the process of agricultural modernization. Meanwhile, the positive roles of farmers' combined-tillage in production are gradually emerging. Based on the above background, this study explained the relationship among farmers' combined-tillage, LF and agricultural production efficiency (APE). The study used survey date and the SFA-QR model to empirically investigate the effects of LF and farmers' combined-tillage on APE. Furthermore, this article analyzed the moderating effect of farmers' combined-tillage on the relationship between LF and APE. The results demonstrated that: (1) Farmers combinedtillage improves the APE significantly, especially on low and medium efficiency households; (2) LF has a negative impact on APE, especially on low and medium efficiency households; (3) Combined-tillage could alleviate the adverse effects of LF on APE. In this regard, the paper also proposed some suggestions to face the adverse effects of LF and promote farmers' combined-tillage in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo A gestão de risco das secas é fundamentada em três pilares principais sendo estes o monitoramento, a avaliação de impacto e a elaboração dos planos de ação. O Monitor de Secas do Brasil representa o início da gestão de riscos no país, no entanto ainda é necessário avançar nas demais etapas desse modelo de gestão. A agricultura é considerada mais sensível às variações climáticas, assim, estudos de impactos de seca neste setor buscam identificar vulnerabilidades e melhorar a capacidade adaptativa. Diante deste contexto, esta pesquisa identificou impactos de secas no setor agrícola em três territórios do estado de Sergipe. O coeficiente de correlação linear indicou que a produção de grãos e o rendimento médio da cultura possui correlação direta com a precipitação. Em relação aos dados do garantia-safra e da pecuária, a correlação não foi considerada aceitável. Verificou-se que as categorias de seca extrema e excepcional foram responsáveis por grandes perdas da safra de grãos. Apesar de ser em menor grau, a categoria de seca grave também gerou alguns danos a este setor. As categorias de seca fraca e moderada não resultaram em perdas na produção anual de grãos dos territórios, no entanto geraram prejuízos para pequenos produtores.

Grande parte dos estabelecimentos agropecuários do Estado do Amazonas é composta por agricultores familiares, extrativistas e demais comunidades tradicionais. Estas categorias sociais enfrentam uma série de dificuldades para se manter no campo, dentre as quais destacamos a dificuldade em gerar renda compatível com sua reprodução social. Nesse sentido, o pescado de origem aquícola tem sido apresentado como uma atividade capaz de gerar renda para os agricultores. Porém, os sistemas de produção de peixe são consideravelmente diversos e não é permitido fazer generalizações, isto é, faz-se necessário estudar a complexidade da produção de peixe e as diferentes contribuições de cada sistema de produção para geração de renda. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é identificar o potencial de geração de renda dos diferentes tipos de sistema de produção de pescado, oriundos da piscicultura, encontrados no município de Humaitá – AM. Este estudo foi conduzido com base na Avaliação do Valor Agregado e na Renda Agropecuária e evidenciou que a piscicultura apresenta potencial significativo de geração de renda, mas demanda grandes inversões de capital no início do empreendimento, o que pode inviabilizar o ingresso de alguns agricultores nesta cadeia de produção e comercialização. Abstract: A large part of the agricultural establishments in the State of Amazonas is made up of family farmers, extractivists, and other traditional communities. These social categories face a number of difficulties to stay in the field, among which we highlight the difficulty in generating income compatible with their social reproduction. In this sense, fish of aquaculture origin has been presented as an activity capable of generating income for farmers. However, fish production systems are considerably diverse and generalizations cannot be made, that is, it is necessary to study the complexity of fish production and the different contributions of each production system to income generation. Therefore, the objective of this article is to identify the income generation potential of different types of fish production systems, from fish farming, found in the municipality of Humaitá - AM. This study was conducted based on the Value Added Assessment and Agricultural Income and showed that fish farming has a significant potential for generating income, but demands large investments of capital at the beginning of the enterprise, which can make it impossible for some farmers to enter this production and marketing chain.

Copyright of Informe Gepec is the property of Informe Gepec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informe Gepec is the property of Informe Gepec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informe Gepec is the property of Informe Gepec and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nuestra América is the property of Edicoes Universidade Fernando Pessoa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tomato plant for industrial processing is a vegetable highly relevant in Brazilian agribusiness. Knowledge on the agronomic and scientific production of the culture is highly important for new strategies of culture and trade and for further studies to supplement the deficiencies in the Brazilian production chain. Current analysis retrieved data on the general features of the produce and of tomato hybrids for industrial processing commercialized in Brazil and a survey on the scientific production with regard to the theme. A bibliographic survey was undertaken on the evolution of tomato culture for industrial processing in Brazil. The number of firms which commercialize seeds and the characteristics of hybrids in Brazil were quantified to evaluate the evolution of production. Scopus databases were researched by keywords "industrial tomato processing" for the 1969-2019 period. Brazil is the greatest producer of tomatoes in South America and Goiás is the state with most cultivation, featuring the municipalities of Cristalina, Itaberaí, Morrinhos, Piracanjuba and Vianópolis with the highest production rates. Eleven firms commercialize seeds in Brazil, mostly with international headquarters. Fruits have a mass between 80 and 240 g and culture cycle varies between 90 and 120 days after transplanting. They show resistance mainly to Fusarium spp., Verticilium spp. and Meloidogyne spp. During the last decades, there has been a growth in the literature on tomato culture for industrial processing, with Italy as the country with most publications. Subareas Phytotechnology and Food Science are the most interesting themes for researchers. In Brazil, teaching and research institutes dedicated to such studies lie in the midwestern and southeastern region of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nativa is the property of Revista Nativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad & Empresa is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Exogenous intoxication is the harmful clinical and/or biochemical consequence of exposure followed by the organism's interaction with toxic elements. Brazil is one of the countries that stands out in the use of pesticides, and the state of Minas Gerais is also an important user of these chemicals, thanks to the state's agricultural and livestock economy. Because of their widespread use, exogenous poisoning by pesticides is an important local health problem, which needs to decline, and, for this, it is necessary for health surveillance to act assertively to minimize morbidity and mortality due to health problems in exposed populations, actions to promote and protect health and prevent illness. Objective: To describe the specifics of notifications of exogenous pesticide poisoning in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in the period from 2011 to 2020. Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study was developed, using data from the Health Information Tabulator of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. Clinical and sociodemographic variables related to pesticides, reported in absolute and relative frequencies, were included. Results: 6,727 cases of exogenous pesticide poisoning were reported, among them 5,623 by agricultural products, thus being the main toxic agent (83.5%). The age group most affected was 20-39 years. The circumstance of accidental involvement was the most prevalent (34.8%), followed by the attempted suicide (33.4%). Conclusion: In Minas Gerais, the agricultural production model is responsible for most of the records for exogenous poisoning by pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mozambique, the province of Manica is a reference in the occurrence and exploitation of alluvial gold. This mineral is currently explored on an industrial and artisanal scale. The extraction of gold consists on the removal of rich and poor sediments. Poor sediments as well as processing waste are discarded on the surface, covering soils rich in minerals and nutrients, leaving these poor to practice farming. Currently, agricultural production in artisanal gold mining sites has been reduced. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical parameters of soils in the areas of mining in relation to fertility for agricultural production, namely pH, Hg, Zn, NPK, MO and CTC. The study was carried out in the localities of Cacárue, Mucurumadze and Penhalonga, where 10 soil sampling points were chosen randomly at depths 0-20 and 20-40 cm in each of the localities, which were then homogenized respectively. These depths were chosen considering that it is the region with the highest concentration of nutrients for food crops. A total of eight samples were collected in each site, four with a depth of 0-20 and four with a depth of 20-40 cm. The results showed that the levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium were low and the pH ranged from 3.99 in Penhalonga to 5.80 in Mucurumadze. These results showed that some of the areas can be reused for agriculture, but for specific crops after soil treatment. Mining ativities in these locations compromise the quality of the soil, with regard to the standards required for agricultural practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Organizações Rurais & Agroindustriais is the property of Organizacoes Rurais & Agroindustriais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of technological resources increasingly assists agricultural production, but it is not yet an accessible reality for the small producer. The present paper aims to automate the processes that are still manual, focusing on increasing the production success rate through a simple and effective system that aims to increase productivity and reduce waste. The methodology used consists of bibliographic research on the subject and prototype creation with reduced implementation cost that uses Arduino, sensors and actuators for automation. By reading the data collected by the sensors, measures will be taken to intervene in the internal parameters, such as irrigation, artificial lighting or nutrient injection, in order to maintain the ideal environment for the best plant development. Producers will also have greater control over of cultivation, as reports obtained through the collection of extracted data will be presented to assist them in making decisions.

Em Moçambique, a província de Manica é referência na ocorrência e exploração de ouro aluvionar. Este mineral é atualmente explorado na escala industrial e artesanal. A extração deste mineral consiste na remoção de sedimentos ricos e pobres em mineral de ouro e posterior concentração ou separação do mineral de ouro com sedimentos ou outros minerais. Os sedimentos assim como os rejeitos do processamento são descartados na superfície, recobrindo os solos superficiais ricos em minerais e nutrientes alterando as características naturais deste, deixando-os inférteis para a prática de agrícola. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os parâmetros químicos dos solos nas áreas de atividade garimpo em relação a fertilidade para a produção agrícola, designadamente pH, Hg, Zn, NPK, MO e CTC. O estudo foi realizado em Moçambique, província de Manica, distrito de Manica, nas localidades de Cacárue, Mucurumadze e Penhalonga, onde foram coletadas amostras de solos em dez pontos, escolhidos de forma aleatória 10 pontos de amostragens de solos, nas camadas de 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm. Verificou-se que o pH variou e os teores de N, P e K foram baixos. Estes resultados da análise laboratoriais dos solos mostraram que algumas das áreas podem ser reaproveitadas para agricultura, mas para culturas específicas após o tratamento dos solos. A atividade de garimpo nestas localidades compromete a qualidade dos solos, no concernente aos padrões exigidos para a prática de agricultura.

A pesquisa investigou experiências de agricultores familiares em projetos públicos de irrigação, analisando-as a partir do conceito de ação coletiva. Os principais elementos que interferem nos resultados são: os processos de organização dos agricultores, a atuação do poder público e a assistência técnica rural. Esses aspectos foram analisados a partir de dados levantados nas entrevistas com os atores sociais envolvidos, principalmente agricultores. Os resultados mostraram que os processos organizacionais podem desempenhar um papel relevante na medida em que eles têm potencial para fortalecer a ação coletiva e individual no processo de produção e comercialização. Entretanto, de um modo geral, as organizações dos agricultores produzem resultados de alcance limitado e se mostram instáveis em relação ao desempenho das atividades que elas se propõem a desenvolver.

The current article looks at the effects of climate change on agriculture, especially crop production, and influence factors of agricultural development in terms of their rational use in Pakistan. Due to the dependence of economic development, and agriculture in the South Asian region on access to renewable national resources and the associated vulnerability to climate change, the limited financial and professional resources of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan require a clear definition of national priorities in this area. In the preparation of this article, general scientific cognition methods, in particular, empirical-theoretical methods were used. Grouping and classification methods have been used to process and systematize the data. The ability to change productivity, depending on the variation of the average annual air temperature and the average annual precipitation rate, was considered using a two-factor regression model. The main finding of the study is that temperature and precipitation have a negative impact on agricultural production. This study can provide a scientific justification for the specialization of agricultural production in the regions of Pakistan as well as the execution of the necessary agricultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: to understand the relationship between occupational risks in agricultural work and the negotiation for the health of rural workers. Method: mixed nested concurrent study, combined with equal integration (QUAN + QUAL). It was conducted with 351 farmers, between 2014/2015, using a form and semi-structured interview. For the analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics and the descending hierarchical classification, and the word cloud were used. Results: in the QUAN phase, the average age of 50.58 years old was obtained and a predominance of symptoms of illness in the muscular, endocrine, and urinary systems. In the QUAL phase, it became evident that the negotiation of agricultural products increases the exposure of workers to physical, chemical, and ergonomic risks. Profit represents the goal and allows for the cost of equipment, health care, and drug therapy, through illness. Conclusion: occupational risks are present in agricultural work. Negotiation is reduced to the consumption of health services and products in the presence of illness.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the modalities of domination, subordination and resistance by seasonally hired migrant workers in Mendoza's agriculture. In this context, I emphasize on how they experience their employment situation in the migratory context and on the heterogeneous to face them. This information was organized from a multilocal ethnographic fieldwork with migrant workers in the fruit and vegetable productions from Mendoza between 2009 and 2015. The results aim at highlighting that the control-resistance dialectic is sometimes activated from the control pole -mainly good performance- and sometimes from the pole of resistance -particularly reacting against bad working conditions and broken promises by intermediaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A agricultura familiar realizada pelo pequeno produtor rural emerge como possibilidade e alternativa de produção, fortalecendo-se ante aos impactos econômicos, políticos e sociais decorrentes do processo de modernização conservadora inaugurado na década de 1950, efetivado nas décadas subsequentes em meio às necessidades de consumo de alimentos da sociedade contemporânea e substancialmente aprofundado em meio ao processo de globalização econômica capitalista. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem por universo de investigação o meio rural brasileiro e apresenta como objetivo inicial a possibilidade de contextualizar a importância da agricultura familiar no Brasil e, mais especificamente, discutir algumas experiências das atividades agrícolas familiares desenvolvidas por produtores rurais no estado de Goiás. Optamos por focalizar as nossas investigações na análise política e social de produção e reprodução da vida humana. Constatamos que a agricultura familiar constitui atividade produtiva estratégica de grande importância para a inserção, recuperação e manutenção do emprego em tempos de globalização, fundamental para assegurar a redistribuição de renda e para impulsionar um desenvolvimento que venha contribuir para a superação da atual crise social e econômica brasileira.

The capitalist relations in the countryside are generate territories with distinct and contradictory logics, thus the agricultural production in these territories enable us to differentiate them and relate them to social questions in the countryside. In this perspective, we use the Dialectical Historical Materialism for the construction of this research having as a cut the state of Maranhão and the aid of data from IBGE and CPT. With this, we discuss the production of crops, products of plant extraction and forestry, and relate to violence, understanding that the expansion of maranhense agribusiness is one of the main responsible for the increase of violence against peasants and rural workers. Finally, we consider the maintenance of the land structure as the main factor of this spatial configuration.

This paper is about to analyze the territorial configurations, in the last two decades, of working and memories in the agricultural production at the Rio de Contas' shores, located in the district of Suçuarana, Tanhaçú - Bahia. Therefore, the territory, the memory and the work are understood as a contradictory dialectical unit that is linked to the general process of capitalist accumulation. In this means to build this theoretical perspective, we used the contributions of Harvey (2006), Smith (1988), Oliveira (1997-99), Marx (1985), Hobsbawm (2014), Pollak (1989), Carvalho (2013) Coca (2013), among others sources. The data analysis and narratives of both male and female workers show the transformations that occurred. Simultaneously, transformations took place in many different facets such as production, distribution, circulation and consumption in the most different types of crops and in territorial configurations. Furthermore, they reveal their own contradictions and as class and power are disputed between peasant family farmers, middlemen, consumers, the Syndicate and the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegócio is the property of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegocio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)