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In Ecuador, introduced coffee cultivars were selected, but there is no history of new cultivars having been developed through conventional genetic improvement. The objective of this research was to obtain improved coffee genotypes for the southern area of Manabí, for this the coffee germplasm bank of the State University of Manabí, located at the Andil Farm, was used in the 2021 campaign, where they were obtained F1 hybrid families using nine parental accessions (Acawa, Arara, Yellow Burbon, Catimor CIFC, Yellow Catuai, Catucai 25L, Catucai 78515, Red Caturra and Geisha), which were recombined in a Griffin diallelic design, obtaining 1477 genotypes. On the same Farm, in the nursery in the 2022 - 2023 campaigns, the materials were planted in a completely randomized experimental design. The general combinatorial aptitude (GCA) and the specific combinatorial aptitude (SCA) were determined for plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), number of pairs of leaves (NPL), leaf area (LA), heterosis and heterobeltiosis of parents and progenies. The results showed that the Typica parent was salient and significant for PH. SD and LA. The 021-105 family was outstanding for PH, NPL and LA. The GCA for PH, SD, NPL and LA of the parents was good. There was heterosis for PH, SD and LA, in families 021-101 and 021-104; and, heterobeltiosis for PH in families 021-105, 021-106, 021-, 021-108 and 021-109; and, for LA in families 021-105 and 021-109. Genotypes with potential to be future cultivars were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study aims to analyze the perception of parents/caregivers participating in the program 'Cresça com seu Filho/Criança Feliz' about language development in early childhood. It was carried out in Fortaleza, Ceará. The descriptive quantitative study involved 22 parents/caregivers, registered with the program, using questionnaires applied during home visits. The majority reported moments of dialogue and play, highlighting periods of leisure and socializing. However, the children's reading practice was limited. As for speech therapy, half of the participants associated this area predominantly with speech/language. The results point to a positive interaction but reveal gaps in reading practice and partial knowledge about speech therapy, focusing mainly on speech/language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resumen: Objetivo: El Síndrome de Phelan‐McDermid (SPMD) es una enfermedad rara, infradiagnosticada y sin cura. El propósito de este estudio fue explorar la experiencia de los progenitores con niños diagnosticados con el Síndrome de Phelan‐McDermid, en relación con el proceso de diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la atención médica. Método Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo. Los participantes fueron reclutados mediante un muestreo intencional no probabilístico. En total, se incluyeron 32 progenitores con hijos con SPMD. Se utilizaron entrevistas en profundidad y notas de campo de los investigadores. Se realizó un análisis temático inductivo. Resultados Se identificaron cinco temas: "El proceso diagnóstico", se describe el proceso diagnóstico y la forma de comunicarlo a los progenitores; "El tratamiento y sus expectativas" describe las expectativas y esperanzas construidas sobre un futuro tratamiento; "Planificación familiar", describe como los progenitores se enfrentan al consejo genético, para la planificación de tener más hijos tras el diagnóstico de SPMD; "El mundo de la discapacidad", describe la entrada de los progenitores en el entorno de la dependencia y discapacidad tras el diagnóstico; "La economía familiar", muestra las dificultades económicas debido al elevado coste de las terapias y los productos del cuidado diario. Interpretación Nuestros resultados proporcionan una visión de cómo el diagnóstico y sus consecuencias son experimentados por los progenitores con niños con SPMD. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados por los profesionales de la salud para ayudar y apoyar a los progenitores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Los Laboratorios de Producción de Postlarvas requieren de un aumento del porcentaje de cópulas en reproductores obtenidos en ciclo cerrado, para poder satisfacer la demanda de postlarvas de las granjas camaroneras. En este trabajo se evalúa el desempeño reproductivo de los progenitores, bajo la influencia del manejo empleado en sistemas de tanques unisexos y mixtos en condiciones de laboratorios de producción comercial. Los resultados indicaron que el desempeño reproductivo en términos de hembras maduras, porcentaje de cópulas exitosas, número de huevos y nauplios por desove así como porcentaje de eclosión, no difirió entre los sistemas de tanques de maduración empleados. El porcentaje de hembras maduras (IV) del número total en cada tratamiento, se aproximó al 50%, de las cuales el 30% (unisexo) y el 27 % (mixto) fueron copuladas. El porcentaje de supervivencia, fue de 90.7 ± 0.10 y 91.6 ± 0.07 para hembras y de 95.4 ± 0.04 y 96.2 ± 0.05 para machos, sin diferencias entre los dos sistemas de tanques evaluados. El porcentaje de cópulas exitosas (proporción de hembras parchadas en relación al total de hembras maduras) se incrementó significativamente a lo largo del tiempo (P

Este artículo explora el fenómeno de la intermediación lingüística por parte de menores (ILM), es decir, las tareas de traducción e interpretación que los hijos de familias inmigradas realizan para adultos con competencias lingüísticas limitadas. Partiendo del objetivo de reflejar la perspectiva de los progenitores que en alguna ocasión han recurrido a los hijos —todavía niños o adolescentes— para comunicarse en los servicios públicos, los autores emplean entrevistas en profundidad con padres y madres de los colectivos árabe, amazig, pakistaní y chino, residentes en la provincia de Barcelona, para exponer las complejidades emocionales y las dificultades prácticas que entrañan este tipo de eventos comunicativos. La conclusión es que la ILM no es la solución óptima para resolver los problemas que derivan de las barreras lingüísticas en el contexto migratorio, a pesar de ser un fenómeno habitual y espontáneo en los cuatro colectivos entrevistados.

Objective: To analyze the predictive role of coping strategies and social support over humor styles in parents who migrate along with children with cancer. Method: A transactional-correlational quantitative design and non-probabilistic convenience sampling were used. It involved 62 parents (11 men and 51 women) between 20 and 61 years. They answered the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ), COPE Inventory (COPE) and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS). Results: Regression models were developed for affiliative (R²=0,19, p<0,001) and aggressive humor (R²=0,25, p<0,001), both considered humor styles towards others. For self-oriented humor styles, two models were built to predict self-enhancing humor. The first model considers global social support (R²=0,25, p<0,001), while the second model, affective support (R²=0,27, p<0,001). Likewise, the first model explaining self-defeating humor considers global social support (R²=0,28, p<0,001) and the second, instrumental support (R²=0,27, p<0,001). Discussion: Coping strategies and social support in relation to humor styles in the context of illness and migration demonstrate the effectiveness of certain strategies and styles considered maladaptive in face of a highly stressful situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Analizar el rol predictivo de las estrategias de afrontamiento y el soporte social percibido, sobre los estilos de humor en padres migrantes de niños con cáncer. Método: Se empleó un diseño cuantitativo transaccional-correlacional y un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Participaron 62 progenitores (11 hombres y 51 mujeres) entre los 20 y 61 años, quienes respondieron la Escala del Sentido del Humor (HSQ), el Cuestionario de Estimación del Afrontamiento (COPE) y el Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS). Resultados: Se establecieron modelos de regresión para el humor afiliativo (R²=0,19, p

Ao longo das últimas décadas verificou-se um aumento da prevalência do diagnóstico da Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção, assim como da terapêutica concomitante com psicoestimulantes. A investigação neste domínio reporta à existência de crianças que recebem tratamento farmacológico para esta perturbação sem preencher os respetivos critérios de diagnóstico, o que remete para uma possível medicalização dos comportamentos considerados socialmente desviantes. Neste estudo pretendeu-se conhecer a perspetiva dos pais sobre os problemas das crianças e explorar o seu papel na sinalização e procura de tratamento. Particular ênfase foi dada às suas perspetivas acerca dos efeitos da medicação, eficácia e impacto a longo prazo. Com este objetivo foram entrevistados 25 pais cujos filhos tinham diagnóstico de Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção e que estavam a ser medicados para este efeito. Os participantes foram selecionados mediante o método de amostragem não probabilístico de conveniência e snowball. A maioria dos participantes identificou um conjunto de problemas cognitivos, comportamentais e emocionais nas crianças. Os resultados enfatizam o papel da comunidade escolar na sinalização dos problemas e mostram que a pressão exercida por outros, a preocupação com o aproveitamento escolar e a falta de controlo sob os comportamentos das crianças são os principais fatores que motivam a consulta médica. Quanto à intervenção, verificou-se uma priorização do tratamento farmacológico por parte dos profissionais de saúde sobre outras modalidades terapêuticas e uma perspetiva positiva dos pais acerca da eficácia da medicação, independentemente dos efeitos secundários que esta produz.

Sorghum in Mexico ranks third in grain production. This study aimed to estimate general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for commercial and experimental sorghum grain parents and hybrids. The combining ability was estimated using the line x tester method described by Kempthorne. The experiment was established during the spring-summer 2018 cycle at INIFAP, Las Huastecas, México. It consisted of five lines, eight testers and 40 hybrids; in a randomized block design with three replications. The ANOVA showed highly significant differences for lines, testers, and line x testers, suggesting the existence of a broad base of genetic variability. GCA and SCA differences were statistically significant for grain yield, specific grain weight and plant height, indicating additive gene relevance, dominance and epistasis. For grain yield, the experimental lines: RB214A, RB225A and RB248A, and the testers RB133 and RB221, resulted significantly higher in GCA and superior to commercial RB225A line and RTx430 and RTx437 testers. Seventeen experimental hybrids were found to have significantly higher in SCA and were superior to INIFAP commercial hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resumen Este artículo presenta un análisis a las percepciones que padres y madres homosexuales y bisexuales residentes en Colombia tienen acerca de sus familias. Para tal fin, se realizó una aproximación a los imaginarios y las representaciones sociales que sobre la familia y la orientación sexual poseen estos padres, logrando evidenciar la manera en la cual vinculan ambas categorías para reconfigurar, desde sus experiencias personales, la imagen y la percepción de la familia que han constituido. La metodología empleada fue de carácter cualitativo y tuvo como herramientas de investigación la entrevista semiestructurada y el test de asociación libre de palabras. En total, se entrevistaron 15 padres, de los cuales siete eran lesbianas, cuatro gays y cuatro bisexuales. Se pudo concluir que los padres y madres homosexuales y bisexuales tienen percepciones sobre sus familias en las cuales no se da un rompimiento radical con el modelo de familia tradicional, sino que se presentan continuidades en aspectos tales como la afectividad, el cuidado, los roles de género, los cuales, sin embargo, son valorados y priorizadas de forma distinta por estos padres y madres dentro de las familias que han constituido.

El presente trabajo ahonda acerca del papel de las figuras parentales y su influencia en cuanto a desarrollar una adicción. Se realiza una investigación empírica de corte cuantitativo para estudiar dicha relación. Para la recogida de datos se ha utilizado un cuestionario ad hoc de elaboración propia conformado por 14 ítems, aplicado sobre una muestra (n=17) usuarios que están bajo un proceso de tratamiento de tipo residencial a largo plazo para los trastornos derivados del consumo de sustancias. Los datos extraídos muestran que la mayoría de los sujetos de la muestra señalan a la familia como objeto de conductas y sucesos similares a la disciplina autoritaria, así como a la pobre atención por parte de los mismos. En conclusión, la familia es un factor de socialización de gran relevancia, es por ello la trascendencia del mismo en el futuro de las personas.

La presente investigación aborda el fenómeno de la drogodependencia en relación con los estilos educativos parentales y la familia como factor de riesgo y de protección respecto a aquélla. En este sentido, se realiza un estudio de corte cualitativo a través de entrevistas a una muestra de personas que sufren adicción, residentes en una Comunidad Terapéutica, y a familiares de las mismas. Tras el análisis de los datos obtenidos se observa – en consonancia con estudios previos revisados– que las personas con alguna adicción refieren haber vivenciado ciertas situaciones familiares compatibles con las propias de estilos educativos parentales autoritarios y permisivo-negligentes. Por otro lado, las familias entrevistadas vinculan la adicción al grupo de pares, aunque también lo relacionan con la vivencia de ambientes familiares poco estructurados. En suma, este estudio resalta la importancia de la educación parental como clave para la prevención de conductas adictivas.

A quantidade e qualidade de input recebido dos pais é fundamental para que as crianças produzam output, elas recebem informação, processam a informação recebida e produzem conhecimento. Lundquist-Mog e Widlok (2015) mencionam a investigadora Gabriele Kniffka (2013) que explica a aprendizagem de uma língua referindo que o cérebro da criança, ao contactar com uma segunda língua, pelos quatro anos de idade, compartimenta e absorve o input de uma forma criativa, baseando-se nos conhecimentos já adquiridos incluindo os saberes da sua língua materna, define generalizações de forma que vai juntar o novo conhecimento adquirido ao que já aprendeu. A generalização ajuda a criança a desenvolver novas regras gramaticais ou palavras sem sentido tentando arranjar novas formas de se exprimir. A criança serve-se desta estratégia para fazer experimentações como formular ideias e deve ser motivada a falar recebendo da parte do professor o input correto. Para que a criança desenvolva um repertório numa língua estrangeira que lhe conceda as habilidades linguísticas suficientes para se expressar é necessário receber uma grande quantidade de inputs. Esta condição será primordial para que a criança progrida na aprendizagem. Destacam as autoras Lundquist-Mog e Widlok (2015), que o facto de a criança ouvir primeiro leva a crer que quantos mais impulsos auditivos receber, mais será capaz de imitar e de reproduzir. Este estudo desenvolve-se com os progenitores de 31 crianças e tem como objetivo avaliar a importância do input e output dos pais em crianças bilingues. Os progenitores responderam a um questionário sociolinguístico cuja recolha de dados informativos serviu de base para estudar a quantidade de input linguístico que os falantes bilingues recebem em cada uma das suas línguas, assim como a diversidade e a qualidade das fontes de exposição linguística a que têm acesso e que são considerados como fatores intervenientes no processo de aquisição bilingue.

La experiencia cubana en la camaronicultura como industria comenzó en 1987 con el camarón blanco Litopenaeus schmitti, especie autóctona cuya producción de semilla llegó a alcanzar 2338 t en el año 2000. Para hacer posible el programa de la camaronicultura en Cuba, fue necesario realizar estudios básicos y aplicados que permitieran el cultivo a escala comercial. En este artículo se presenta una recopilación de los principales resultados obtenidos durante más de veinte años de investigaciones. Entre los primeros logros obtenidos estuvieron la inducción de la maduración, la reproducción y el desove en condiciones de cautiverio y posteriormente el cierre del ciclo de cultivo. Colateralmente tomando como patrón a poblaciones silvestres se estudiaron las variaciones bioquímicas asociadas a la maduración ovárica de las hembras, obteniendo así información de utilidad para la selección de dietas, tanto frescas como balanceadas. Los resultados de aplicación inmediata se relacionaron con la búsqueda de indicadores de calidad de los reproductores asociados con la calidad y cantidad de células espermáticas, la composición bioquímica de los tejidos y efectores de la respuesta inmune innata. La caracterización morfológica del pedúnculo ocular y la localización del complejo neurosecretor órgano x-glándula sinusal posibilitaron realizar estudios de sus neuropéptidos hormonales, relacionados con el control endocrino de la reproducción en crustáceos decápodos. El conjunto de resultados que se muestran en esta revisión contribuyó a la obtención de una tecnología original para lograr la reproducción de L.schmitti en ciclo cerrado en Cuba y sentó las bases para a partir del año 2003 adecuar e implantar dicha tecnología en el cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei. ABSTRACT Cuban experience in shrimp farming as an industry started in 1987 with the white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti, an autochthonous specie whose seed production reached 2338 t in 2000. For making possible the program of shrimp farming in Cuba, it was required to carry out basic and applied studies that would allowed commercial scale cultivation. This article proposes a compilation of the main results obtained during more than twenty years of research in this matter. Among the first achievements were the induction of maturation, reproduction and spawning in captivity conditions and then the closure of the production cycle. Collaterally, taking wild populations as a standard, studies of biochemical variations associated with the ovarian maturation of the females were performed, yielding useful information to select diets, both fresh and pelleted. Results of immediate application were correlated with the search of quality indicators in the breeders associated with the sperm quantity and quality, the biochemical composition of the tissues and effectors of the innate immune response. The morphological characterization of the eyestalk and the localization of the neurosecretory complex Organ X-Sinus gland made it possible to perform studies of its hormonal neuropeptides associated to the endocrine control of reproduction in decapod crustaceans. The set of results displayed in this review contributed to reaching an original technology to achieve the reproduction of L. schmitti in a closed cycle in Cuba and established the foundations for starting in 2003 to adapt and implement this technology in L. vannamei.

High and stable behavioral inhibition during early childhood is a risk factor for later anxiety disorders. The few available interventions targeted at behavioral inhibition have not yet been implemented in European countries. Evaluating intervention acceptability is essential when introducing interventions in new cultures. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of parents about the acceptability of the multicomponent Turtle Program in Portugal. Participants were 12 parents (from seven families) of children with a positive screening on the Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire and no diagnoses of developmental disorders/selective mutism. Children's mean age was 55.86 months and most children were female and first‐born. Parents and children participated in the eight‐sessions Turtle Program. After each session, parents completed weekly satisfaction checklists. Following completion of the full intervention, parents were invited to participate in individual qualitative in‐depth interviews. The thematic analysis revealed that both parents perceived the intervention objectives and contents as relevant. Both parents suggested the introduction of follow‐up sessions, the discussion of practical experiences, the need to be sensitive to cultural differences in positive language, and the provision of more feedback about children's activities. These findings support prior research on the acceptability and cultural tailoring needed for parenting and child socioemotional learning interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wound healing properties of the cAMP/PKA-signaling blocker was investigated. On the model of the skin wound the pronounced wound healing effects of the PKA inhibitor have been revealed. Implementation of the identified effects was associated with activation of mesenchymal progenitors (MPC) functions in granulation tissue. The development of this phenomenon is associated with direct exposure of the pharmacological agent to MPC in the conditions of their influence of growth factors (in particular, the growth factor of fibroblasts (FGF) secreted by stromal cells in situ. In this case, there is an increase not only in the proliferation of activity but also in the intensity of the specialization processes of progenitors. In a medium without cytokines, the cAMP/PKA-signaling blocker causes the progression of the cell signal but does not affect the rate of maturation of precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nomination of students with high abilities is the first step to be able to start the process, giving way later to a diagnosis of high capacities and the proposal of educational response adapted to their capacities and needs. In the present study, the criteria of the parents are compared by qualitative methodology to consider that their son or daughter has high intellectual abilities, comparing the answers given by those who believed that their children had high intelligence (IQ score equal to or less than 116). against which the intelligence score of their children is higher than an IQ of 130. The answers have been analyzed with the software ALCESTE, which analyzes the co-occurrences by proximity, using the statistic Ji square. In both groups, three classes are given, with different contents, both coinciding in the ease of solving problems or reasoning, but while in the first group they are based on aspects more related to the teaching environment (detection by teachers or boredom), those of the group with the highest IQ are based on knowledge of their higher score and previous attendance at programs for outstanding. We conclude that it is important to inform the parent population about contrasting indicators of existence of high capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation, exposes how the absence of both parents affects the structuring of the personality in the boys and girls who experience the abandonment, taking as contribution what was proposed by the systemic theory in front of the family, which considers it as the first entity of contact and the space in which the psychological and social development of people begins, likewise what is posed by psychoanalytic theory regarding the structuring of personality. The family is considered as a fundamental piece in the child's psychological development, therefore the presence of both parents plays a significant role during physical and psychological growth. The main objective was to analyze how the personality is being structured in children abandoned by their parents. The research is adjusted to the qualitative method, where six (6) minors of both sexes participated, whose ages ranged from nine (9) to eleven (11) years of age, the participants were part of the ICBF (Colombian Institute of Family Welfare). A total of two projective tests were applied to open interviews: the CAT (Thematic Apperception Test for children CAT-A) and the Family Drawing Test, case study, medical history and personalized observations. It is highlighted that boys and girls currently do not they have the presence of a male figure who can fulfill the functions of a father figure and who can make way for the Oedipus to find a suitable outlet; Furthermore, the women in charge of the care of the participants change frequently, generating difficulties in establishing secure affective bonds, presenting a weak self and superego and with notable affective gaps in their primary bonding relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La experiencia cubana en la camaronicultura como industria comenzó en 1987 con el camarón blanco Litopenaeus schmitti, especie autóctona cuya producción de semilla llegó a alcanzar 2338 t en el año 2000. Para hacer posible el programa de la camaronicultura en Cuba, fue necesario realizar estudios básicos y aplicados que permitieran el cultivo a escala comercial. En este artículo se presenta una recopilación de los principales resultados obtenidos durante más de veinte años de investigaciones. Entre los primeros logros obtenidos estuvieron la inducción de la maduración, la reproducción y el desove en condiciones de cautiverio y posteriormente el cierre del ciclo de cultivo. Colateralmente tomando como patrón a poblaciones silvestres se estudiaron las variaciones bioquímicas asociadas a la maduración ovárica de las hembras, obteniendo así información de utilidad para la selección de dietas, tanto frescas como balanceadas. Los resultados de aplicación inmediata se relacionaron con la búsqueda de indicadores de calidad de los reproductores asociados con la calidad y cantidad de células espermáticas, la composición bioquímica de los tejidos y efectores de la respuesta inmune innata. La caracterización morfológica del pedúnculo ocular y la localización del complejo neurosecretor órgano x-glándula sinusal posibilitaron realizar estudios de sus neuropéptidos hormonales, relacionados con el control endocrino de la reproducción en crustáceos decápodos. El conjunto de resultados que se muestran en esta revisión contribuyó a la obtención de una tecnología original para lograr la reproducción de L. schmitti en ciclo cerrado en Cuba y sentó las bases para a partir del año 2003 adecuar e implantar dicha tecnología en el cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei. Recibido: 06.12.2018 Aceptado: 12.02.2019

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Cuban experience in shrimp farming as an industry started in 1987 with the white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti, an autochthonous specie whose seed production reached 2338 t in 2000. For making possible the program of shrimp farming in Cuba, it was required to carry out basic and applied studies that would allowed commercial scale cultivation. This article proposes a compilation of the main results obtained during more than twenty years of research in this matter. Among the first achievements were the induction of maturation, reproduction and spawning in captivity conditions and then the closure of the production cycle. Collaterally, taking wild populations as a standard, studies of biochemical variations associated with the ovarian maturation of the females were performed, yielding useful information to select diets, both fresh and pelleted. Results of immediate application were correlated with the search of quality indicators in the breeders associated with the sperm quantity and quality, the biochemical composition of the tissues and effectors of the innate immune response. The morphological characterization of the eyestalk and the localization of the neurosecretory complex Organ X-Sinus gland made it possible to perform studies of its hormonal neuropeptides associated to the endocrine control of reproduction in decapod crustaceans. The set of results displayed in this review contributed to reaching an original technology to achieve the reproduction of L. schmitti in a closed cycle in Cuba and established the foundations for starting in 2003 to adapt and implement this technology in L. vannamei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El embarazo adolescente refiere al que se produce entre la adolescencia inicial o pubertad. La gestación y maternidad durante este periodo implica distintas consecuencias a nivel personal, familiar y social. Destacando cuestione como: la mortalidad, la morbilidad, el aborto, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, el abandono escolar, posiciones de vulnerabilidad, la reproducción de la pobreza, etc. Por otro lado existen factores que favorecen la existencia de esta problemática tales como: aspectos geográficos, cuestiones sociofamiliares e individuales, las políticas públicas, los recursos existentes, el nivel formativo o conocimiento al respecto, estilos de vida no saludables, el matrimonio a edades tempranas, el rol de género tradicional asignado a la mujer, etc. Utilizando como muestra a 6 madres a temprana edad y 6 progenitores de madres adolescentes del Área Metropolitana de Monterrey, se plantea una investigación cualitativa a través del análisis de contenido y categorización de entrevistas con el objetivo de identificar la percepción que poseen respecto al embarazo a temprana edad. Así como las causas, consecuencias y las medidas existentes. Los resultados evidencian la manifestación de distintas causas individuales, políticas, familiares y sociales en la muestra, así como diversas consecuencias tanto individuales como familiares. Así mismo se observa que la escuela es la principal fuente de información. Es por ello que se propone revisar las medidas preventivas al respecto y la intervención tomando en consideración a las madres que ya son adolescentes para minimizar las posibles consecuencias descritas.

Background: This research aims to understand the role of coping strategies and self-efficacy expectations as predictors of life satisfaction in a sample of parents of boys and girls diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder. Methods: A total of 129 parents (64 men and 65 women) answered a questionnaire on life-satisfaction, coping strategies and self-efficacy scales. Results: Using a regression model, results show that the age of the child is associated with a lower level of satisfaction in parents. The results show that self-efficacy is the variable that best explains the level of satisfaction in mothers, while the use of problem solving explains a higher level of satisfaction in fathers. Men and women show similar levels of life satisfaction; however significant differences were found in coping strategies where women demonstrated higher expressing emotions and social support strategies than men. Conclusions: The development of functional coping strategies and of a high level of self-efficacy represents a key tool for adapting to caring for children with autism. Our results indicated the necessity of early intervention with parents to promote coping strategies, self-efficacy and high level of life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la base genética, el coeficiente de parentesco y la diversidad genética de las variedades de arroz liberadas entre el 2003 - 2014 en trece países miembros del Fondo Latinoamericano para Arroz de Riego (FLAR). Para ello, se analizaron las genealogías de 51 variedades, en el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia, durante los años 2014 y 2015. La variabilidad genética de las variedades estuvo representada por 120 ancestrales (2,4 ancestral/variedad); 33 de estos contribuyeron con el 83,9% de sus genes, de los cuales tres (ancestrales que originaron IR8) aportaron el 35,6% de sus genes. También se mostró que el coeficiente de parentesco (rxy) entre las diferentes variedades comerciales varió de 0,03 (muy poco relacionadas), hasta 0,99 (altamente relacionadas). El promedio de todas las 51 variedades fue de (rxy) 0,19. A nivel de variedades por país, se encontró que el promedio fue variable, el mínimo lo obtuvo Ecuador con 0,13, y el máximo fue de 0,31 para las variedades de Venezuela. El análisis de agrupamiento separó a los genotipos en catorce grupos distintos, donde existen materiales bastante relacionados y otros muy poco relacionados. Estos resultados muestran que se ha obtenido una ampliación de la base genética.

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic basis, the coefficient of kinship, and the genetic diversity of rice varieties released between 2003 and 2014, in thirteen member countries of the Latin America Fund for Irrigated Rice (FLAR). Pedigrees of o 51 rice varieties were analyzed at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia between 2014-2015 The genetic variability of these varieties was represented by 120 ancestral or traditional cultivars (2.4 ancestral/variety); 33 of these contributed to the 83.9% of their genes, from which, three (ancestors with IR 8 origin), accounted for 35.6% of their genes. It was also shown that the coefficient of kinship (rxy) between different commercial varieties ranged from 0.03 (very unrelated), up to 0.99 (highly related). The average rxy of all 51 varieties was = 0.19. Regarding the varieties by country, the average rxy varied, the minimum was obtained by Ecuador 0.13 and the varieties from Venezuela obtained the maximum 0.31. The cluster analysis separated the genotypes in fourteen different groups based on highly related or very unrelated varieties. These results indicate that a broadening of the genetic base has been accomplished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfed bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Mexico faces marketing limitations due to its inadequate industrial quality, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and by its interaction. The aim of this research was to identify the contribution of these factors in the quality of genotypes introduced from the USA and Canada, and use them as a genetic source in the rainfed wheat program of the National Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research Institute (INIFAP). Sixteen genotypes were planted in eight places under rainfed conditions. The evaluation of the industrial quality included hectoliter weight, grain hardness and grain protein, sedimentation volume, dough strength, extensibility, and bread volume. Grain hardness and protein content were affected 60 and 56 % by the genotype, whereas the effect on the hectoliter weight, volume of sedimentation, dough strength and bread volume were due to the locations, since they accounted for 48, 45, and 38 % of the total variation, respectively. For dough strength, the participation of environmental and genotypical variances had similar contributions of 40 and 37 %. The genotypes Keene, SD3249, HY437, BW725, Blue sky and Kulm stood out for their volumes of bread higher than 873 mL, since combined, they presented high percentages of protein, and strong and extensible or balanced gluten; HY439 and HY632 were related to values higher than 15.9 % of protein content in grains. Based on this, in the introduced germplasm, there are genotypes that must be used as parents in the crossing plan of the rainfed bread wheat breeding program to improve the bread volume, firmness and extensibility of the dough, and protein content in the grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good quality seed is a crucial input for the increase of maize productivity (Zea mays L.), and must be produced using strict procedures and controls. Technology for the production of hybrid seed is limited and, therefore, the effect of removing the tassel of the female parent (detasseling) was evaluated on seed productivity and quality and the interaction with the environment of simple cross females in hybrids for the High Valleys OF Mexico. Between 2006 and 2008 in Texcoco, Estado de México (2250 masl), 15 treatments were evaluated: five simple crosses (CML-239xCML-242, M-43xM-44, M-47xM-46, CML-241xCML-243, and M-55xM-54) and three levels of detasseling (removing tassel, tassel and flag leaf and tassel not removed) in a randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Differences (p£0.01) were found between simple crosses and years, yield and physical quality of seed; there were no significant differences for detasseling. The interaction was significant for the beginning of male flowering and yield. Crosses averaged 70 to 72 d for the start of male and female flowering, with floral synchrony, and two days to begin detasseling and avoid self-pollination; yields were 4.79 to 9.43 t ha-1, 32 to 78 % for large seeds, and 62 to 68 kg hL-1 test weight. Removing the tassel increased yield by 6.31 % and reduced the amount of small seed by 10.5 % in comparison to the control. In 2006 there was a difference of 4 d for the start of female flowering and 2 din 2008 in comparison with 2007; in 2008 yield was 9.4 t ha-1, and in 2006 it was 44.68 % lower. In 2008, M-43xM-44 yielded 11.24 t ha-1, and in 2006 and 2007, yields were 42.32 and 14.11 % lower. To determine where, when, and how to produce hybrid seeds, one must know the parents, place of production, and interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El uso de genotipos exóticos en programas de mejoramiento permite transferir nuevos genes no presentes en el germoplasma comercial, ampliando la base genética y reduciendo la vulnerabilidad del material; mientras que la capacidad de combinación permite identificar los mejores progenitores exóticos para ser utilizados en programas públicos de prebreeding. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el potencial genético de germoplasma exótico de soja para ser utilizado en programas de desarrollo de cultivares. En el 2000/01 se evaluaron 18 poblaciones F2 derivadas de cruzamientos dialélicos parciales 3x6 juntamente con 9 progenitores, en la Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), en Villa Mercedes (San Luis). Los 9 progenitores se clasificaron en dos grupos G1 y G2 de acuerdo con sus características principales: G1 = 3 genotipos exóticos de alto contenido de aceite (PI 181.544, PI 371.611 y PI 71.465) y G2 = 6 cultivares comerciales de alto potencial de rendimiento (Don Mario 3800 RR, Don Mario 48, Don Mario 501, TJ 2046, A 5634 RG y A 6401 RG). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con 3 repeticiones y parcelas de 12 plantas a 0,50 x 0,50 m. Se evaluó: número de días a floración (NDF) y a madurez (NDM), período reproductivo (PR), productividad de granos (PG), peso de 100 semillas (PS) y porcentaje de aceite (OL). Se aplicó el Modelo 1, Método 4 de Griffing (1956) y el modelo de Gardner & Eberhart (1966). Los resultados muestran que efectos de Capacidad General de Combinación del Grupo 1 y del Grupo 2 (CGCG2) fueron significativos para todos los caracteres, excepto para PS y PG en G2, y para OL en ambos grupos. Los efectos de Capacidad Específica de Combinación (CEC) fueron no significativos para todos los caracteres, excepto para PR y PS. Esto demuestra la predominancia de las acciones génicas aditivas sobre la herencia de los caracteres evaluados. Las estimaciones individuales de CGC y de los efectos de progenitores, indican que PI181.544 puede incrementar PS, PI371.611 puede extender PR, incrementar PG, PS y OL, y PI 71.465 puede incrementar OL. Las estimaciones individuales de CEC son poco expresivas a excepción de las poblaciones: PI181.544 x A5634RG para PR y PI71.465 x DM3800RR para PG. El uso de germoplasma exótico permitió ampliar la divergencia genética dentro de las poblaciones segregantes, no obstante la falta de adaptación de esos materiales genéticos interfirió sobre la expresión fenotípica de los caracteres estudiados, en especial de OL.