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Abstract Under the background of engineering education professional certification, the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) education concept of “output-oriented” has been paid more and more attention. The traditional experimental teaching of programming course often focuses on the teaching of theoretical knowledge, and lacks the cultivation of students’ practical ability and innovative spirit. Engineering education puts forward new requirements for the teaching mode of program design course. The experimental teaching of programming courses requires further reform and innovation to cultivate high-quality technical engineering talents with good social responsibility, teamwork ability, and innovative thinking ability. Guided by the theory of engineering education combined with the educational philosophy of Conceive–Design–Implement–Operate (CDIO) and OBE, this paper carried out the reform of experimental teaching of programming course among students majoring in computer science and technology and information security. This teaching reform aimed to better cultivate students’ practical ability, innovation ability, and knowledge-integrated application ability, considering the course concept, course design, course implementation, and course operation, and exploring the practice of teaching process reconfiguration, teaching content organization, and teaching method integration. This multi-integration experimental teaching reform was found to fully mobilize students’ learning enthusiasm, tap into students’ potential, greatly improve students’ comprehensive practical ability, effectively achieve course goals, and lay a solid foundation for subsequent professional course learning. This teaching mode has been practically applied in current experimental teaching and is widely recognized by students, providing a reference for improving teaching quality.

Under the background of engineering education professional certification, the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) education concept of "output-oriented" has been paid more and more attention. The traditional experimental teaching of programming course often focuses on the teaching of theoretical knowledge, and lacks the cultivation of students' practical ability and innovative spirit. Engineering education puts forward new requirements for the teaching mode of program design course. The experimental teaching of programming courses requires further reform and innovation to cultivate high-quality technical engineering talents with good social responsibility, teamwork ability, and innovative thinking ability. Guided by the theory of engineering education combined with the educational philosophy of Conceive–Design–Implement–Operate (CDIO) and OBE, this paper carried out the reform of experimental teaching of programming course among students majoring in computer science and technology and information security. This teaching reform aimed to better cultivate students' practical ability, innovation ability, and knowledge-integrated application ability, considering the course concept, course design, course implementation, and course operation, and exploring the practice of teaching process reconfiguration, teaching content organization, and teaching method integration. This multi-integration experimental teaching reform was found to fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm, tap into students' potential, greatly improve students' comprehensive practical ability, effectively achieve course goals, and lay a solid foundation for subsequent professional course learning. This teaching mode has been practically applied in current experimental teaching and is widely recognized by students, providing a reference for improving teaching quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in technology are currently expediting the learning process for students, prompting an investigation into the integration of technology into student education. This study explores the impact of technological evolution on education. E-learning, a method of education that delivers information to students through modern communication platforms such as computers, networks, and multimedia audio components, is being examined. Whether utilized remotely or in traditional classroom settings, this revolution has made the world increasingly dependent on electronic screens in an era marked by the convergence of media technologies, information, culture, and technology. This paper outlines the development of an e-learning system customized for mobile devices, aimed at improving learning within the university environment. With mobile phones now ubiquitous among students, e-learning has become a potent tool for advancing educational objectives. Furthermore, e-learning aids in elevating student proficiency levels. The research conducted involved implementing and evaluating an application, which produced satisfactory results. As this application becomes integrated into university curricula to support learning, it is anticipated to substantially enhance students’ learning processes and performance, as evidenced by survey results following its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to evaluate learning efficiency by implementing the flipped classroom and automatic source code evaluation based on the Kirkpatrick evaluation model in students of CS1 programming course. The experimentation was conducted with 82 students from two CS1 courses; an experimental group (EG = 56) and a control group (CG = 26). Each student in each group completed 15 programming tasks. The level of knowledge of the participants acquired between the two groups is measured using the Kirkpatrick model, taking as a source a pre-test of previous knowledge, the grade assessment, the time of the activities, and a post-test of learning achieved. When comparing the submits time between the experimental and control group, it is observed that the value of the means is similar for the EG and CG; in this case, time is not a factor for comparison between the groups. However, in the grading, the value of the means is different for the EG and CG; EG students scored better than CG students. The evaluation of the Kirkpatrick model shows that the strategy implemented, on the one hand, does not improve the time of the activities; on the other hand, it improves the grades in the CS1 course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a high failure rate and low academic performance observed in programming courses. To address these issues, it is crucial to predict student performance at an early stage. This allows teachers to provide timely support and interventions to help students achieve their learning objectives. The prediction of student performance has gained significant attention, with researchers focusing on machine learning features and algorithms to improve predictions. This article proposes a model for predicting student performance in a 16-week CS1 programming course, specifically in weeks 3, 5, and 7. The model utilizes three key factors: grades, delivery time, and the number of attempts made by students in programming labs and an exam. Eight classification algorithms were employed to train and evaluate the model, with performance assessed using metrics such as accuracy, recall, F1 score, and AUC. In week 3, the gradient boosting classifier (GBC) achieved the best results with an F1 score of 86%, followed closely by the random forest classifier (RFC) with 83%. These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed model in accurately predicting student performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a high failure rate and low academic performance observed in programming courses. To address these issues, it is crucial to predict student performance at an early stage. This allows teachers to provide timely support and interventions to help students achieve their learning objectives. The prediction of student performance has gained significant attention, with researchers focusing on machine learning features and algorithms to improve predictions. This article proposes a model for predicting student performance in a 16-week CS1 programming course, specifically in weeks 3, 5, and 7. The model utilizes three key factors: grades, delivery time, and the number of attempts made by students in programming labs and an exam. Eight classification algorithms were employed to train and evaluate the model, with performance assessed using metrics such as accuracy, recall, F1 score, and AUC. In week 3, the gradient boosting classifier (GBC) achieved the best results with an F1 score of 86%, followed closely by the random forest classifier (RFC) with 83%. These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed model in accurately predicting student performance.

In recent years, flipping classrooms has become a popular topic of discussion. However, few previous studies have focused on the effect of the flow experience on programming self-efficacy. To address this gap, the present researchers developed a model that included six research hypotheses. The study applied a flipped classroom model to a programming course in order to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, flow experience, and learning performance in a flipped programming course. The research model was empirically examined using a survey to collect data from 46 college students in Taiwan. Programming courses were conducted for 180 minutes once a week, with six weeks of total teaching time. The findings of this study indicate that there is a positive relationship between programming self-efficacy and enjoyment, engagement, and flow control. The study also revealed that certain important implications and factors to improve the design and delivery of such courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to develop practical programming skills and self-efficacy of students in an online learning environment, two teaching approaches were integrated using co-curricular learning (CCL) and phenomenon-based learning (PhBL); their effects on first-year university students' learning were investigated. The researchers conducted a quasi-experiment to investigate the effects of web-mediated CCL and PhBL using a 2 (CCL vs. non-CCL) × 2 (PhBL vs. non-PhBL) factorial pretest/posttest experimental design. The experimental groups comprised the first class (G1) which simultaneously received the web-mediated CCL and PhBL intervention, the second class (G2) which only received the web-mediated CCL intervention, and the third class (G3) which only received the web-mediated PhBL intervention, while the control group (G4) received a traditional teaching approach (non-CCL and non-PhBL). The study results showed that students who received web-mediated CCL had significant increase in their programming skills. In addition, students who received web-mediated PhBL exhibited significantly better development of self-efficacy at the end of the semester. Thus, it is expected that the design of integrating CCL and PhBL in an online programming course could provide references for educators and teachers conducting online, flipped, or hybrid courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperative learning is an effective method of learning and is crucial for learning programming. In cooperative learning, group members cooperate with each other and teach each other. For classroom clustering methods. students are allowed to choose their own groups. or they are grouped by teachers based on experience. This study proposed a social networking analysis clustering method with an experimental group and a control group taking a freshmen programming course. A significant improvement in learning effectiveness was observed. Female students were more likely to select other female students for cooperative learning. Female students in the experimental group showed better social performance than female students in the control group. Judging from the cooperation and interaction of the overall students in the first semester and the second semester, roommates were a preferred choice as teammates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programming is a difficult subject to learn and teach. When it comes to students learning basic programming information and skills, university-level introductory programming courses (Java, C++, Visual Basic, and Python) are critical. Students' achievement is negatively impacted by a negative attitude about programming. As a result, the study discovered the impact of students' perceptions in university computer programming courses. The study covered students studying Computer Science from the University of Ghana. A survey descriptive design with a quantitative technique was used in this investigation. The population of the study was 2,030 with 368 sample size. Purposive sampling was utilized to choose University of Ghana, Legon as the study's location. The study's participants were chosen using a stratified random sampling technique. Closed-ended questionnaire was used for data collection. The SPSS version 26 and PROCESS Macro were used to analyze the data. Respondents’ data were examined applying both inferential and descriptive statistics. The study revealed that students see programming as unfamiliar was the highest perception of programming to students. The study found that students see programming as easy with dedication was the lowest perception of programming to students. In conclusion, the significant impact of perception of students in Computer Programming account for 84% of the contribution of factors that influence self-efficacy.

Failure rates have become a global problem as university students studying computer programming grow worldwide. Students' interest has been linked to learning skills that require metacognition and critical thinking, which are essential for studying computer programming efficiently. As a result, the project work approach in studying computer programming combines knowledge of technology with soft skills. Project work is best suited for complicated problem-solving tactics and teamwork creatively. The study used quantitative methodology and a descriptive design survey to evaluate the project work approach's influence on college students’ interest in programming. The study's participants were Christian Service University computer science students. A total of 420 students were enrolled in the study, with a sample size of 368. Inferential and descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the data received from the respondents. The study found that standalone systems were the highest factor in the project work given to students. The study revealed that project work could make students interested in programming. The study concluded that project work has a favorable and considerable impact on college students' programming interests.

This study presents the use of tools for verifying the operation of automated feedback as implemented in programming courses. Educational environments offer the experience of summative and formative evaluation of computer programs, which is aimed at students. In this type of tool, students solve a programming task, which is automatically validated in order to generate grades and feedback. Regarding summative evaluation, a numerical or percentage grade is generated on whether the solution of a task is correct. In the case of formative evaluation, information is generated on errors or suggestions to be incorporated to the programs in order to improve learning. The employed tools are UNCode, Ask-Elle, and Nbgrader. In addition, some important remarks are made about some of the tools used for comparing programs and validating differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure has rapidly become commonplace in most countries worldwide, the development of ICT-related competence is now considered to be a key goal in Taiwan's curriculum. Nowadays, society expects undergraduates to develop essential computer abilities before entering the workplace. In addition to possessing computing skills, students are also required to have problem-solving ability and teamwork competency. To equip students to meet these expectations, the researchers integrated two teaching approaches, using content-based knowledge awareness (CoKA) and team learning (TL) to enhance students' programming skills in an online computing course, and to reduce students' anxiety and regulate cognitive load in the cloud classroom involved in this study. In this research, the authors conducted a quasi-experiment to examine the influences of CoKA and TL. Therefore, the design for the experiment was a 2 (CoKA vs. non-CoKA) × 2 (TL vs. non-TL) factorial pretest/posttest design. There were 184 participants, who were neither information nor computer majors, from four classes, enrolled in a required course titled 'Programming Design'. The first class (G1) simultaneously received the online CoKA and TL intervention, the second class (G2) received only the online CoKA intervention, and the third class (G3) received only the online TL intervention; these served as the experimental groups, while the last class (G4), which received a traditional teaching approach, served as the control group. According to the results, students who received online TL had significant increase in their computing skills, and significant decrease in their level of anxiety and cognitive load. However, the expected effects of CoKA on developing students' skills in designing mobile applications, reducing anxiety level and regulating cognitive load were not found. The design of integrating CoKA and TL in an online course could be a reference for educators when conducting online, flipped, or blended courses, particularly for those focusing on developing skills in computer programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programming is an essential skill in the field of computer science. Even though many students despise programming, they are unable to abandon it. Students' interest wanes during their first year, as programming is required for firstsemester syllabuses. Indeed, there is a widespread issue with students' incapacity to comprehend and apply abstract programming concepts. As a result, the purpose of this study is to create a gamified online learning platform for an online programming course. The media were created using the ADDIE methodology. The developed media will then be examined on a media and material aspects. Additionally, the students' perceptions of their desire for learning were elicited. According to the results, the students enjoy and are more interested in learning programming than in a classical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands (TU Delft) stopped its activities on campus until autumn 2021 and moved all teaching activities to an online setting. This article describes the challenges and lessons learned from successfully moving basic programming workshops, Software Carpentry workshops, online. The article details the local TU Delft context, the online workshop tools that were employed, and the roles that the organising team played to organise and run these online workshops. To successfully adapt to the online context, it was important to adjust the original planning and programme for the Carpentry workshops. General challenges of online workshops and solutions that worked for the TU Delft team are also shared. Through iteratively developing the online workshops over the past year, the team has enhanced both learners’ and organisers’ experience. The lessons learned will continue to be valuable when the workshops are transitioned back to a physical setting when COVID-19 protective measures are lifted.

Computer games are effective instructional tools used in programming courses to increase students' motivation and engagement. This participatory action research aims to redesign the Object-Oriented Programming course in which the first author is both the instructor and researcher to make it more effective and efficient. In the first step of the action research, data were collected for the definition and solution of the problem through questionnaires and semistructured interviews. After this step, an action plan was created, and the Object-Oriented Programming course was redesigned as part of the action plan. In line with the objectives of the action plan, The Karting Microgame Template, a game prototype prepared by Unity 3D, was integrated into the course, and students were expected to add various game components (bonus collection system, a scoring system, collision mechanisms, etc.) to this game prototype using C# programming language. After the action plan creation phase, an action plan was implemented. The implementation phase was conducted in the 2019-2020 spring semester with 29 post-secondary students enrolling in Computer Technology Department at a vocational college in Turkey. After the implementation phase, data were collected through the Object-Oriented Programming achievement test, student and researcher diaries, and focus group interviews on measuring this implementation's effectiveness. This paper describes the difficulties encountered during the study, the students' views on this implementation, and the researchers' experiences in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online learning platforms provide an opportunity to better understand students' weaknesses by tracking both their learning behavior and knowledge. This information can then be used to assist teachers in making instructional decisions and to further guide those who are at risk of failure. In this paper, we tracked student learning data from a C++ programming course over a whole semester of their freshman year via the Trustie platform. A total of 17,854 code submissions were collected. We then used CppCheck, SonarQube and Trustie to capture the quality characteristics and submission characteristics of the code, including lineOfCode, cyclomaticComplexity, codeSmell, syntacticError, averageScore, submission, and logicError, and analyzed the impact of code quality on the assignment work results. Several factors were discovered that we believe can help teachers to develop more effective teaching strategies.

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived cognitive load and its effects on the academic performance in Scratch-based programming. The four main concepts of programming (sequences, operators, conditions and loop) were delivered in the instructional package. Participants were 12 sixth-grade students enrolled at a public secondary school. The results from quantitative and qualitative instruments indicated that students’ perceived cognitive loads were close to each other among four programming concepts. The attractive interface of Scratch was somewhat useful but some parts of the interface were problematic for achieving the programming tasks. This study concludes with suggestions for Scratch practitioners and researchers to pay attention to the sources of cognitive load effects.

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Computer basic teaching is an essential basic learning content in higher education teaching. In order to encourage students and enable them to practice and improve their programming ability, the online judge system has been introduced into the programming course for compiling, executing and evaluating the algorithm source code submitted by students. The asymmetry of students’ programming level is an important issue when teachers guide the programming of online judge system. We used the exploratory factor analysis method to identify the potential variable structure from the log data submitted by the students of the online judge system, and evaluate the programming level of the students to predict the “at risk” learners. We proposed a student participation model, SCFH, based on this variable structure. Using the log data of the students in the C language course and their final exam results, we trained a deep neural network based on SCFH to divide the students into three different grades, namely “risky”, “intermediate” and “advanced”. To verify the validity of the model, we used the prediction model to classify students in another C++ language programming course. The results show that the submission log data model SCFH can be used to predict the programming ability of students, and the validity of these results can be tested by examination results.

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived cognitive load and its effects on the academic performance in Scratch-based programming. The four main concepts of programming (sequences, operators, conditions and loop) were delivered in the instructional package. Participants were 12 sixth-grade students enrolled at a public secondary school. The results from quantitative and qualitative instruments indicated that students' perceived cognitive loads were close to each other among four programming concepts. The attractive interface of Scratch was somewhat useful but some parts of the interface were problematic for achieving the programming tasks. This study concludes with suggestions for Scratch practitioners and researchers to pay attention to the sources of cognitive load effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]