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Background Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands is an uncommon localised variant of Sweet syndrome first described in 1995. It is characterised by tender erythematous plaques, pustules and bullae on the dorsa of the hands. Literature Review A total of 123 cases of NDDH are included in this review. The mean patient age was 62.1 years and there was a slight female preponderance. 78.0% of cases had reported bilateral involvement and other sites were affected in almost a third of cases. Underlying disease was found in around 40% of patients, with the most common associations being haematological disorders (gammopathies, myelodysplasias or malignancies), recent infection, solid organ tumours and inflammatory bowel disease. Systemic and/or topical corticosteroids were employed in the treatment of 88.1% of cases while dapsone, colchicine and tetracyclines were the commonest steroid-sparing agents used. Improvement was often rapid and complete resolution the norm. Conclusions Whilst being uncommon, NDDH is frequently misdiagnosed and thus, its exact prevalence is probably underestimated. This may have significant implications including treatment delays or incorrect management. Moreover, recognition of NDDH is important since a correct diagnosis should trigger a search for underlying diseases and proper treatment with corticosteroids and/or steroid-sparing agents which is almost invariably curative.

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare benign tumor of unknown etiology that can occur in almost any organ system. It has neoplastic features such as local recurrence, invasive growth, and vascular invasion, leading to the possibility of malignant sarcomatous changes. The clinical presentations of colonic IPT may include abdominal pain, anemia, a palpable mass, and intestinal obstruction. A few cases of colonic IPT have been reported, but colonic IPT with pedunculated morphology is very rare. Furthermore, since it can mimic malignant polyps, understanding the endoscopic findings of colonic IPT is important for proper treatment. Herein, we present a case of colonic IPT with pseudosarcomatous changes, presenting as a large polyp, mimicking a malignant polyp in the cecum, along with a literature review.

Introduction Oral myiasis is a rare condition caused by Dipteran larvae that feed on living or dead tissues, ingested food or body fluids. It affects immunocompromised individuals with low socioeconomic status or those unable to maintain proper hygiene. Cases of oral myiasis are scarce but debilitating in children. We conducted a systematic review to understand the nature of disease, its causative factors, treatment and ways to prevent the occurrence of this condition among children. Methodology The review was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted on major databases using keywords in combination with Boolean Operators. Manuscripts discussing cases of oral myiasis in paediatric patients were included in the review. Results The exhaustive literature search and evaluation of full texts revealed 32 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 68 cases of oral myiasis were reported from 2 to 16 years of children, majorly involving gingiva of maxillary anterior region and palate. Conclusion The dreadful condition of myiasis can be prevented by decreasing the number of flies, maintenance of good hygiene and by educating the susceptible population. Affected children must be managed by following proper treatment regimens.

Leprosy is a public health problem worldwide, with Brazil ranking second on the world stage. The introduction of multidrug therapy provided significant changes in the control of the disease, but this treatment does not prevent the occurrence of the physical disabilities caused by the involvement of nerves. The presence of disabilities, including physical disabilities, may lead to a reduction in work potential, restricted social life, and psychological disorders, and are responsible for discrimination against patients. Some factors contribute to the appearance of these problems, such as delayed diagnosis, lack of patient adherence to treatment, and the presence of reactive episodes. Early diagnosis, proper treatment and prevention of disabilities impede the transmission of disease and reduce disabilities including psychosocial impairment. Thus, physical rehabilitation and surgery are important tools to prevent disabilities, to improve functional capacity, aesthetics, and social life, and to alleviate pain.

Patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) account for 15–20% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the incidence increases with age. Patients with ACO have worse outcomes without proper treatment than those with COPD alone. However, the current diagnostic criteria of ACO are mainly based on symptom features and lack of objective indicators. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was higher in ACO than in COPD alone. Thus, this study aims to determine the diagnostic value of FeNO in differentiating ACO from COPD and assisting clinical decision-making. We conducted searches in the databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase to extract original studies. In all, 10 studies involving 1335 participants were included in this meta-analysis. FeNO level was significantly higher in ACO patients than in patients with COPD alone (WMD = 11.15ppb, 95%CI = 9.01‒13.28; I2 = 18.0%, p = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of FeNO in distinguishing ACO from COPD were both 0.71, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.76, indicating that FeNO has moderate diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ACO from COPD. FeNO as an inflammatory biomarker is effective in differentiating ACO from COPD and assisting in clinical decision-making.

Sleep is often misunderstood in its impact on many chronic diseases including obesity. Obesity and restorative sleep are intertwined processes. Poor sleep negatively affects the key hormones of weight and appetite regulation, thereby potentially increasing weight via mechanisms that increase hunger and lower metabolism, thereby making the successful treatment of obesity more difficult. Clinicians should consider a comprehensive sleep history and proper treatment or referral to a sleep specialist in conjunction with obesity treatment. Adequate restorative sleep is integral to a comprehensive obesity treatment program.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A maradó fogak gyökér-korona arányának meghatározása nagy jelentőséggel bír a fogászati kezelési terv kialakításában és későbbi módosításában. Célkitűzés: Egészséges magyar, német és japán fiatalok maradó fogai gyökér-korona arányának meghatározása és összehasonlítása. Módszer: Hölttä módszerét alkalmaztuk. A mérés 95 magyar, 104 japán és 110 német fiatal páciens 2001 és 2006 között készült panorámaröntgen-felvételén történt. Eredmények: A gyökér-korona arány különbsége a nemek között nem szignifikáns, az egymásnak megfelelő antagonista fogak között sok esetben, de nem mindig, szignifikáns. A legnagyobb gyökér-korona arányt mindhárom populációban az alsó szemfogakon és az alsó második praemolaris fogakon mértük; a felső molarisok esetén a legkisebb az arány. A három nemzetet összehasonlítva szignifikáns különbséget (p≤0,001) nem találtunk egyetlen fogtípus esetében sem. A japán és a német populáció között minden fogtípus esetén szignifikáns volt a különbség a gyökér-korona arányokban. A japán és a magyar populáció összehasonlításakor a fogtípusok felénél találtunk szignifikáns különbséget. A magyar és a német populációt összehasonlítva nagyon kevés fogtípusnál találtunk szignifikáns különbséget. Megbeszélés: Az alsó állcsont fogainak gyökér-korona arányértékei nagyobb mértékben térnek el a populációk között, mint a felső állcsont fogainak esetében. A gyökér-korona arány átlagértéke a német populációban a legnagyobb. A második legnagyobb arányértékkel a magyar populáció rendelkezik, utána pedig a japán, néhány fogtípus kivételével: felső kismetszők, felső szemfogak és felső első molarisok. Következtetés: A legnagyobb gyökér-korona arány különbséget a német és a japán populáció között, a legkisebbet a magyar és a német populáció között találtuk. Cikkünk megmutatja az egyes fogtípusok gyökér-korona arányának normálértékét fiatal, egészséges magyar, német és japán populációban. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(46): 1848–1855. Summary. Introduction: Defining the root-crown ratio of the permanent teeth is important in making or changing proper treatment plans in dentistry. Objective: To define and compare the root-crown ratios of the permanent teeth of healthy, young Hungarian, German, and Japanese populations. Method: We adapted Hölttä’s method. 95 Hungarian, 104 Japanese and 110 German young patients’ panoramic X-rays (made between 2001 and 2006) were involved in the investigation. Results: Difference between the genders was found non-significant; between the corresponding antagonists many times, but not all significant. The highest root-crown ratios were found in all investigated populations by the lower canines and premolars, the lowest by the upper molars. P≤0,001 was not found among the three populations. Significant differences were found between Japanese and German populations by all tooth-types; between Japanese and Hungarian populations by near half of the tooth-types; between Hungarian and German populations by only a few tooth-types. Discussion: More significant differences were found in root-crown ratios in the lower jaw among the populations. The mean value of the root-crown ratios was the highest in the German population; medium in the Hungarian population; and the least in the Japanese population, with a few exceptions: upper lateral incisors, canines and first molars. Conclusion: The biggest differences were found between the German and Japanese populations; the least between the Hungarian and the German populations. Our paper describes the control values of the root-crown ratios of the tooth types in young, healthy Hungarian, German, and Japanese populations. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(46): 1848–1855.

Back pain in the pediatric population is common. History and a thorough physical examination and a systematic work-up approach are key components to guide the physician in evaluating the possible causes of pain and providing appropriate treatment.The main aim of this review was to develop an algorithmic approach to assist physicians in the assessment of pediatric back pain. A comprehensive review of prevalence, differential diagnoses and proper management of pediatric back pain are also presented.An extensive literature search was performed in PubMed to gather articles on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic tools, differential diagnoses and appropriate management of pediatric back pain.Available literature revealed that pediatric back pain is a common complaint. Although most cases are non-specific and self-limiting, there is a wide differential that should be considered including inflammatory, neoplastic, infectious and mechanical causes. Sedentary lifestyle, obesity and vigorous physical activity have been shown to increase the likelihood of developing back pain. We proposed an algorithm to guide the physician's decision about the next step in the diagnostic process.A well-defined strategy in the diagnostic process is needed in approaching children/adolescents with back pain. This would have the benefit of minimizing costs, unnecessary tests and child/family anxiety as well as increasing the likelihood of early diagnosis and proper treatment.HINTERGRUND: Der kindliche Rückenschmerz ist nicht selten. Ausführliche Anamneseerhebung, eine umfassende körperliche Untersuchung sowie eine systematische diagnostische Abklärung sind der Schlüssel für die Evaluation der Schmerzursache und die Festlegung der Behandlungsstrategie.Das Ziel der folgenden Übersichtsarbeit ist die Entwicklung eines diagnostischen Algorithmus zur Unterstützung des behandelnden Arztes zur Beurteilung des kindlichen Rückenschmerzens. Eine umfassende Übersicht zur Prävalenz, Differenzialdiagnosen sowie Behandlungsoptionen wird ebenfalls gegeben.Auf PubMed wurde eine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche zur Prävalenz, Risikofaktoren, Diagnostik sowie Therapiemöglichkeiten durchgeführt.Die aktuelle Literatur zeigt auf, dass Rückenschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter ein nicht seltenes und zunehmendes Problem darstellen. Obwohl die meisten Kinder unter unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen leiden, muss man eine Reihe von Ursachen entzündlicher, neoplastischer, infektiöser und mechanischer Genese in Betracht ziehen. Inaktiver Lebensstil, Übergewicht und übertriebene sportliche Betätigung können zur Entwicklung von Rückenschmerzen bei Kindern beitragen. Wir entwickelten einen Algorithmus zur Entscheidungsfindung im Rahmen der diagnostischen Abklärung.Ein klar definiertes Konzept im Rahmen der diagnostischen Abklärung von Rückenschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter hat den Vorteil die Kosten im Gesundheitssystem, die unnötigen Untersuchen und die geschürten Ängste bei den Betroffenen und deren Familien zu minimieren. Darüber hinaus sollte es dazu beitragen, frühzeitig die korrekte Diagnose zustellen und die entsprechende Therapie einzuleiten.

This study introduces a comprehensive and cost-effective approach to diagnose and treat the asphaltenes precipitation problems in different downhole conditions. The proposed approach has been successfully applied in two oil wells (Well-I, and Well-II) located in the Western Desert of Egypt. The two wells produce oil of moderate to high oil gravity with low asphaltenes content using Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESP). In such operating conditions, solid deposits caused blockage at the pump intake and within the pumping stages in the two wells. This blockage led to a sharp decrease in oil production rate and a significant increase in the operating cost. The existing failure analysis procedure was not able to accurately identify the reasons for the blockage; accordingly, the treatment operations were unsuccessful. On the contrary, applying the proposed approach accurately (1) identified the type of the solid deposits, (2) solved the problem using proper treatment option with minimum cost, and (3) improved the oil production rate. The laboratory tests of the fluid and solid deposits showed that (1) the asphaltenes were unstable in the crude oil and acted as a glue for other minerals, and (2) the blockage was successfully diagnosed to confirm that the two wells had asphaltenes precipitation problem. The laboratory tests were extended to select optimum asphaltene dispersant for wells treatments. The field application results showed a significant increase in the oil production rate from 700 to 1600 STB/D in Well-I and from 470 to 1500 STB/D in Well-II. Moreover, the operating cost decreased considerably from 2.01 to 0.43 $/STB in Well-I, and from 4.37 to 0.52 $/STB in Well-II after applying the proposed approach.

Ethidium bromide, which is commonly applied in molecular biological applications, is a mutagenic agent demanding proper treatment. In the present study, the magnetic fraction of fly ash, prepared f...

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a unique group of wastewater remediating technology that possesses the added advantage of valuable recovery with concomitant wastewater treatment. Moreover, due to the application of robust microbial biocatalysts in BESs, effective removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) can be accomplished in these BESs. Thus, this review emphasizes the recent demonstrations pertaining to the removal of complex organic pollutants of emerging concern present in wastewater through BES. Owing to the recalcitrant nature of these pollutants, they are not effectively removed through conventional wastewater treatment systems and thereby are discharged into the environment without proper treatment. Application of BES in terms of ECs removal and degradation mechanism along with valuables that can be recovered are discussed. Moreover, the factors affecting the performance of BES, like biocatalyst, substrate, salinity, and applied potential are also summarized. In addition, the present review also elucidates the occurrence and toxic nature of ECs as well as future recommendations pertaining to the commercialization of this BES technology for the removal of ECs from wastewater. Therefore, the present review intends to aid the researchers in developing more efficient BESs for the removal of ECs from wastewater.

Introduction: The most common lesions of jugular vein dilatation are aneurysms and ectasia. A jugular vein aneurysm is less common compare to an arterial aneurysm in adults. Because of the rare incidence, treatment guidelines primarily associated with the timing of surgery are not clearly established. Proper treatment can reduce patient complaints without excessive intervention. Case report: A 54 years old woman complained of swelling in the right neck that started three years ago and cephalgia for two years. From CT angiography, we obtained a jugular vein dilatation of 2.3 cm. During periodic evaluation from ultrasonography doppler, there is no increase in the size of the jugular vein. Conclusion: Jugular vein aneurysm presenting in adults is an infrequent phenomenon. It is a benign condition, and conservative observation is advised. It should be operated only if symptomatic or progressive enlarging. A periodic examination must be done to evaluate the size of the jugular vein before a surgical decision

The epidemic of the Novel Coronavirus across the globe has influenced the globe overall and caused a large number of death results. This remains as an unfavorable admonition to general wellbeing and will be set apart as perhaps the inordinate pandemics in the history. Inorder to validate and analyse, the details was taken from COVID-19. The detail contains daily tallies of confirmed, relieved and demise cases. Likewise, it includes extra data with respect to patients testing present in various states and the outcomes isolated in confirmed and invalidated cases. With the data provided it allows infected person to get the proper treatment and timely quarantine. The proposed paper utilizes Long Short Term Memory (LSTM ) networks for sequential prediction of data. The networks are viable apparatuses in short-term time series gauge the COVID-19 confirmed cases. It is a complex gated memory unit made to disappearing gradient issues restricting the effectiveness of a basic Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Here Neural Network is used to solve the complex operation on the dataset. The result demonstrate that the LSTM Network is executed with various activation functions by utilizing a exponential linear unit brought about better execution for determining the complete number of COVID-19 cases. With the timely observations the corona virus state can be effectively monitored and the proper treatment can be assigned for the infected ones.

У лекції наведені сучасні міжнародні рекомендації з діагностики гіпопітуїтаризму у дітей, зокрема правила проведення стимуляційних тестів для діагностики гіпосоматотропізму, вторинного гіпогонадизму й гіпокортицизму. Обґрунтовано використання антимюллерова гормона та інгібіну В у діагностиці різних форм гіпогонадизму. Рекомендовано впровадження генетичних методів дослідження з метою встановлення коректного діагнозу, призначення відповідного лікування й проведення медико-генетичної консультації членів сім’ї.

Rami Al-Dwairi, Hamzeh Rwashdeh, Moneera Otoom Department of Special Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, JordanCorrespondence: Rami Al-DwairiDepartment of Special Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box: 3030, Irbid, 22110, JordanTel +962795355056Fax +962 2 7201064Email ramialdwairi@yahoo.comBackground: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment in working-age adults. Patients with DR need extensive follow-ups with timely proper treatment. In Jordan, a complete lockdown was decided during the COVID-19 pandemic including the closure of outpatients’ clinic. In this study, we assess the effect of the lockdown on the progression and visual outcome for patients with DR who had interruption in their plan.Methods: Retrospectively, we identified all patients who were scheduled for procedures for the management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) during the COVID-19-related quarantine period in Jordan from March 16th to June 6th, 2020. All demographics and clinical data, procedure information, and visual outcome were collected. Another control group of patients with similar characteristics who were scheduled for procedures related to DR before the COVID-19 pandemic from October 15th to December 31st, 2019 were included.Results: One hundred and thirty-seven eyes planned for procedures from 89 patients were included. The case group comprises 56 eyes (40.9%). The mean age of the patients was 61.4 years. The right eye was involved in 69 procedures (50.4%). The mean change in visual acuity for the case group in the procedure eye was 0.176 in LogMAR (drop of almost 9 LogMAR letters) and the mean change in visual acuity for the control group in the procedure eye was − 0.103 LogMAR (gain of about 5 LogMAR letters). Also, the central subfield thickness (CST) values were significantly worse in the case group. Furthermore, patients in the case group had significantly more disease progression (new findings and worsening of the already established findings).Conclusion: Interrupting the important procedures for DR patients and delaying their follow-up may adversely affect their visual outcome. National decisions should consider conducting these procedures and exempt those patients from any lockdown with proper precautions. Moreover, certain measures would be considered, such as treat-and-extend protocol, home screening and portable OCT examination, and newer long-acting anti-VEGF drugs.Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, COVID-19 lockdown, intravitreal injections, visual outcome, risk management

O melasma se caracteriza em uma disfunção estética havendo a necessidade de procurar auxílio de profissionais da saúde estética para o diagnóstico correto e tratamento adequado. Melasma é ocasionada a partir do aumento da melanina na pele, as implicações estéticas se manifestam por manchas escuras ou acastanhadas na região frontal da face. Nesse contexto o estudo será a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: quais os tratamentos utilizados no tratamento do melasma e suas implicações estéticas? O objetivo geral desse estudo é realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tratamento e as implicações estéticas provocadas pelo melasma. Mediante o exposto, justifica-se a importância de conhecer os aspectos referentes ao Melasma: Tratamentos e suas implicações estéticas, para isso trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, realizada a partir da busca de dados em fontes secundarias como sítios, artigos científicos entre outros. A pele está disposta a danos resultantes do meio externo que resulta em afecções como o melasma e para isso, existem tratamentos estéticos que promovem efeitos positivos promovendo a qualidade de vida das pessoas. O tratamento do melasma pode ser realizado de forma tópico ou oral, a partir de procedimentos que induzem a descamação e removem a cada superficial da pele, promovendo uma textura mais suave e homogênea permitindo a produção de colágeno e elastina com menos riscos de efeitos colaterais. É valido ressaltar que embora existam vários protocolos de tratamento do melasma a eficiência do tratamento é limitada em alguns casos se o paciente não manter uma forma sistemática de prevenção acontece a reincidência do mesmo. O melasma pode ser prevenido evitando a exposição solar, nos horários adequados e uso de filtros solares de amplo espectro para radiação UVA e UVB, com fator de proteção solar (FPS) 30 ou mais (MASCENA, 2016).

By tradition, herbal infusions have been mainly consumed for their pleasant taste, but, nowadays, the consumer, along with the pleasantness of drinking a savory beverage, also looks for their health benefits. Grapes and grape/wine by-products are a rich source of health-promoting compounds, presenting great potential for the development of new beverages. Moreover, grape-infusion preparation is no more than a sustainable or green way of extracting polyphenols and other nutraceutical compounds from grapes and grape leaves. In this review, we summarize the benefits of drinking grape infusions and discuss the sustainable processes of extracting potential nutraceutical compounds from grapes and grape by-products, which are often considered fermentation waste and are discarded to the environment without proper treatment.

Background: In India breast cancer incidence is on rise and large number of cases occur before 50 years of age. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are known to increase the survival of the patients. As fine needle aspiration cytology is widely used as a preliminary mode for the diagnosis of breast malignancies, adding a reliable grading system in reporting shall aid in planning the management options. Methods: It’s a prospective study done on 100 cases of breast malignancies from June 2018 to May 2020 in department of Pathology JLNMC, Ajmer. Cytology smears were stained with H&E and Geimsa and graded according to Robinson’s cytological grading system while their corresponding histopathological sections were stained with H&E and graded as per Elston and Ellis modification of Scarff Bloom & Richardson grading system and the results were compared. Result: Out of 100 cases of breast cancer evaluated in cytology 29% were grade I, 56% were grade II and 15% were grade III. On histopathological evaluation 25% were grade I, 54% were grade II while 21% were grade III. A highly significant association between the two grading systems was observed with coefficient of correlation 0.831, p value of

Obstructive sialadenitis of the submandibular gland is most often caused by sialolithiasis and rarely by a foreign body. Here, we describe a patient with acute submandibular inflammation caused by a bamboo splinter. Transcutaneous and transoral ultrasound precisely located the splinter within Wharton's duct. Shortly thereafter, the bamboo splinter was spontaneously discharged while eating, which allowed complete remission of pain and swelling. Ultrasound confirmed the absence of the foreign body within Wharton's duct and relief of sialadenitis. Combined use of transcutaneous and transoral ultrasound can provide detailed information regarding the submandibular gland and foreign bodies, which enables proper treatment planning and adequate follow-up.

Human mankind has always been under the wrath of various epidemics viz. Spanish Flu, Asian Flu, Hong Kong Flu, influenza A-H1N1 virus, SARS in 2003, etc. The on-going COVID 19 pandemic has posed as a serious concern to humans with no proper treatment and no specific drugs against this virus. There have been various challenges to the current health care delivery system. There is dearth of reported RCTs evaluating effects of antivirals. Corticosteroid treatment has reported to have delayed coronavirus RNA clearance with its widespread use leading to development/exacerbation of fungal diseases like Mucormycosis. Various vaccines designed have many questions about their efficacy that may rise with time, as SARS-CoV-2 has numerous variants, and it can mutate over time. With limited success in developing antivirals, Complementary and Alternative medicines like Traditional Chinese medicines, Ayurvedic and homoeopathic medicines have been gaining momentums in recent years displaying promising results. Methodical researches are warranted to further evaluate the efficacy of Complementary and alternative medicines. For curtailing the devastating effects of COVID 19 requires reviewing the current health policies by integrating complementary medicine with conventional system. To channelize all the available therapeutic options to win the battle against COVID-19 is the need of hour.

Avabahuka is caused mainly by vitiated vata. Avabahuka is not mentioned in nanatmajvatavyadhi but acharya sushruta and other acharyas considered avabahuka as vatavyadhi. Avabahuka is a disease that affects amsa sandhi. Avabahuka is correlated with frozen shoulder of modern science. It is also known as adhesive capsulitis, or stiff shoulder where joint pain and stiffness of shoulder joint both occur. Therefore as avabahuka causes major limitations in activities of daily living casting a negative influence on the quality of life as well as long-term or even permanent disability in a few of the patients, proper treatment is needed for the problem. In ayurveda basic principle of avabahuka treatment is vata shaman chikitsa. The general line of treatment for vatavyadhi issnehana, swedana, mrudusamshodhan, basti, nasya, and so on. Snehana – swedana for the treatment of avabahuka which is generally given in vatavyadhichikitsa has gained popularity for its efficacy. Evaluation of the utility, safety, and efficacy of laghuvishagarbha tail amsabasti by amsabasti yantra along with trayodashangguggulu as compare to laghuvishagarbha tail snehana – swedana along with trayodashangguggulu in the management of avbahuka (frozen shoulder). In this study, 140 patients will be divided randomly into 2 groups (70 in each). In group a (experimental) –amsabasti of laghuvishgarbha tail and oral drug trayodashangguggulu (500 mg thrice a day) after meals with plain water will be given for 21 days and group b (control) –snehana of laghuvishgarbha tail, swedana of by plain water and oral drug trayodashangguggulu (500 mg thrice a day) after meals with plain water will be given for 21 days. Assessment of avabahuka will be recorded on day 0, on 7th day, on 14th day and on 21st day. Changes will be observed in objective outcomes. Amsa basti will be more efficacious thansnehana -swedana in the management of avabahuka.

Thyroid disorders have become quite common worldwide over the past few decades. Symptoms of thyroid dysfunction are non-specific and extremely prevalent in the general population. Hypothyroid is the most prevalent thyroid dysfunction and more so in females. Despite the problem being so common, there is no proper treatment modality to control this condition. Many of the as an as have a powerful effect on one or more of the endocrine glands. Practicing some of the specific as an as stimulates the activity thyroid gland and its functions. Hence this study is proposed to generate evidence for yogic practices as an adjunct modality for patients of hypothyroid. The objective of this study is to evaluate the structural and functional changes occurring in patients with hypothyroid as a result of the practice yogic module. The effectiveness of adjunct therapy and the quality of life of patients will also be assessed. 120 female patients of hypothyroid will be randomly allotted to an experimental and control group with 60 patients in each group. Group A will be made to follow the yogic practice module designed along with the conventional treatment whereas Group B will continue with regular conventional treatment. We anticipate that the Yogic module works as an effective adjunct treatment for patients of hypothyroidism and can be used as the first line of treatment in newly diagnosed cases of hypothyroid. Integrated yoga Module will be the new inclusion in the therapeutic model of hypothyroid and also can be studied in different endocrine disorders.

There are many reasons for medical myths occur. Most often they are passed from one generation to another by word of mouth. The origins of some myths are difficult to find out. Understanding those myths and misconceptions in patients with diabetes is important in providing better care to those.1 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a lifestyle related painless morbidity that produces complex behavior of an individual 'living with disease'. There is a strong influence in the life of those individuals during the treatment of illness. Understanding those myths and misconceptions, and providing education to those individuals and their caregivers are necessary. In the more recent effect of this lifelong disease many factors affect prognosis including education, occupation, attitudes, values, beliefs, and perceptions of need for optimum management, which are shaped over time by cultural and social exposures.2 Myths existing about diabetes in the public have become a major hurdle for its proper treatment and control.3 Keywords: myths, diabetes and lifestyle.

Fish processing industries are one of the pollution-causing sectors all over the world due to the generation of huge quantities of solid and liquid wastes and lacks proper treatment facilities. Was...

The COVID-19 disease has currently overwhelmed all other health issues throughout the world. There can be many repercussions on existing public health issues, especially tuberculosis (TB), which is endemic in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In most of the LMICs, the health services are poorly equipped, the resources being diverted to control the pandemic of COVID-19, which can lead to grave consequences for LMICs. COVID-19 and TB are known to affect the respiratory system, so their symptoms are very similar, and at times can be perplexing for diagnosis. Moreover, lack of proper treatment and vaccine for COVID-19 can further increase the mounting pressure. Synthetic drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, are currently being used, but the side effects are a cause of concern. Hence, the efficacy of repositioned drugs is still under evaluation. The situation is further worsened by the possible development of drug-resistant mutants. What we need in current times is potential novel anti-viral drugs that are highly productive and economic in control and management of viral infections in LMICs. The only option which we can look upon is the natural products which are also known as bioactive compounds and their phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids and peptides that have anti-viral secondary metabolites which have shown promising results on COVID-19. This review systematically emphasizes the urgency for treatment options, which can be both safe and effective, especially for TB patients from LMICs. KEY WORDS Tuberculosis, COVID-19, Low and Middle Income Countries, Natural products, AntiViral Agents

Continuous treatment is needed in developing mathematical dispositions. Even at the higher education level, some prospective teachers still need proper treatment in developing their mathematical dispositions. This study tries to reveal instructors' role in fostering their students' mathematical disposition to better didactical situations. This study is qualitative research with a content analysis approach. The results obtained in this study indicate that the instructor's role is still needed in the classroom regardless of the students' mathematical disposition. Instructors ' expected learning role becomes diverse based on the mathematical disposition grouping between good, moderate, and less mathematical dispositions. For prospective teachers who have an excellent mathematical disposition, the instructor's role is to confirm a theorem, confirm answers to questions, and the benefits of contextual topics. For prospective teachers who have a satisfactory mathematical disposition, the instructor's role is to motivate, direct the learning, and keep the classroom conductivity. Whereas for prospective teachers deficient in mathematical disposition, the instructor's role is needed as a direct learning source, structured learning director, and an enjoyable learning rhythm.

The diagnosis and treatment of seizures and epilepsy is a common task of the physician. Approximately 1 in 10 people will have a seizure during their lifetime. Epilepsy is the tendency to have unprovoked seizures. Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects 1 in 26 people in the United States and 65 million people worldwide. Evaluation of a patient presenting with a seizure involves excluding an underlying neurologic or medical condition, classifying the seizure type and determining if the patient has epilepsy. Proper treatment requires accurate diagnosis of the epilepsy type and syndrome and use of a medication that is effective and without adverse effects. Most patients can achieve complete seizure control with medication, but if medication is unsuccessful, surgical treatment can be an option. Special situations in the care of people with epilepsy include status epilepticus, women with epilepsy, the older adult, and safety issues.

Background: The stress on unconscious mind converted to physical symptoms or the disso­ciation of stress in to physical symptoms, called dissociative (conversion) disorder. The aim of the study was to identify diagnostic stability of dissociative (conversion) disorder during five years follow-up among patients with dissociative (conversion) disorder attending psychiatry department of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal. Methods: A prospective follow-up study was conducted among 253 patients with dissociative (conversion) disorder attending in the department of psychiatry of CMC-TH. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select the sample and data was collected through face to face interview method using structured interview schedule. Obtained data were analysed using ICD-10 DCR (Di­agnostic Criteria Research). The cases for study were taken during one year period. The follow up were done after 1 month, 1 year, 3 year and 5 year. The ratios and proportions were used for statistical analysis. Results: After 5 years follow up, 72 patients did not come for regular follow-up visit i.e. Subject absent was 28.46%. out of 181 patients, highest percentage of patients were diagnosed as mania/ BPAD l (N-45, 24.86%) followed by depressive disorder (N-37,20.44 %), hypomania/BPAD II (N-24, 13.26%), and conversion disorder conversion disorder (N-8, 3.16%). More than one third (N´=64, 35.36%) of the patients were improved (N-64, 35.36%). Conclusions: Diagnostic stability among patients with conversion disorders is very low after 5 years of follow up. They showed other disorders like mania/BPAD1, depressive disorder, hypomania/ BPAD II etc. Hence, regular follow-up and assessment using diagnostic criteria is essential for pa­tients with dissociative (conversion) disorder for their proper treatment.

Introduction An appropriate management of anaemia laboratory tests is crucial for a correct diagnosis and treatment. A non-sequential "shotgun" approach (where every anaemia related test is ordered) causes workload and cost increases and could be potentially harmful. We have implemented a Decision Support System through our laboratory information system (LIMS) based on reflexive algorithms and automatic generation of interpretative reports specifically in diagnosis of anaemia for primary care patients. Materials and methods When a request contained an "Anaemia Suspicion Study" profile, more than twenty automatic reflexive rules were activated in our LIMS based upon laboratory results. These rules normally involved the addition of reflexive tests. A final report was automatically generated for each interpretation which was always reviewed for their validity by two staff pathologists. We measured the impact of this system in the ordering of most common anaemia related tests and if a proper treatment was established based on the interpretive report. Results From all the studies performed, only 12% were positive being "iron deficiency" and "anaemia of chronic disease" the most frequent causes, 62% and 17%, respectively. Proper treatment was established in 88% of these anaemic patients. Total iron, transferrin, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12 demand decreased substantially after implementation representing a cost reduction of 40% only for these five tests. Conclusions Our system has easily improved patient outcomes, advising on individual clinical cases. We have also noticeably reduced the number of over-requested tests and laboratory costs.

Undiagnosed medial ankle instability can be a prerequisite for pathogenic progression in the foot, particularly for adult acquired flatfoot deformity. With the complex anatomy in this region, and the limitations of each individual investigational method, accurately identifying peritalar instability remains a serious challenge to clinicians. Performing a thorough clinical examination aided by evaluation with advanced imaging can improve the threshold of detection for this condition and allow early proper treatment to prevent further manifestations of the instability.

Chronic medical conditions often necessitate regular testing for proper treatment. Regular testing of all afflicted individuals may not be feasible due to limited resources, as is true with HIV monitoring in resource-limited settings. Pooled testing methods have been developed in order to allow regular testing for all while reducing resource burden. However, the most commonly used methods do not make use of covariate information predictive of treatment failure, which could improve performance. We propose and evaluate four prediction-driven pooled testing methods that incorporate covariate information to improve pooled testing performance. We then compare these methods in the HIV treatment management setting to current methods with respect to testing efficiency, sensitivity, and number of testing rounds using simulated data and data collected in Rakai, Uganda. Results show that the prediction-driven methods increase efficiency by up to 20% compared with current methods while maintaining equivalent sensitivity and reducing number of testing rounds by up to 70%. When predictions were incorrect, the performance of prediction-based matrix methods remained robust. The best performing method using our motivating data from Rakai was a prediction-driven hybrid method, maintaining sensitivity over 96% and efficiency over 75% in likely scenarios. If these methods perform similarly in the field, they may contribute to improving mortality and reducing transmission in resource-limited settings. Although we evaluate our proposed pooling methods in the HIV treatment setting, they can be applied to any setting that necessitates testing of a quantitative biomarker for a threshold-based decision.

Different deposit–refund systems are being practically applied to promote the proper treatment of end-of-life products in China. One is widely used in the industry of household appliances nationwide (DR1) while the other is applied in the industry of electric vehicle (EV) in Shenzhen of China (DR2). It is found that both the deposit–refund entity (either manufacturers or retailers pay tax and receive subsidy) and the channel leadership are different between the two industries. Given the practical conditions, this study aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of the two deposit–refund systems under different channel leaderships. In this end, a game-theoretic model consisting of a manufacturer, a retailer and consumers is established and three channel leaderships including Nash game, M-leader, R-leader are considered. This study presents the collection rate, the total environmental impact and the economic benefit of the whole supply chain as multi-criteria to value the performance of the supply chain. The results indicate that different channel leaderships lead to different channel performances regardless of with DR1 or DR2. The study then explores and confirms the optimal deposit–refund system under each channel leadership. The results further demonstrate the advantages of practically applying the two different deposit–refund systems in China.

Background: Skin mycoses also called dermatophytosis is the most common fungal infection affects 20-25% of World population. Its prevalence varies place to place with climatic changes, time to time with age, sex and lifestyle of the population. Dermatophytoses could be caused by dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes, their frequency of isolation differs with geographical variation. Objectives: To study various clinical presentations of skin mycosis and compare KOH with culture in the diagnosis of dermatophytic infections in a tertiary care hospital. Material & Methods: A total of 98 skin scrapings collected from consecutive OPD patients from 1st June 2016 to 31st May 2017 examined using KOH and culture on modified Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium. The isolated fungi were identified by morphology, lactophenol cotton blue, slide culture and biochemical tests. Results & Discussions: T. corporis (40.82%) was the most common clinical presentation followed by T. cruris (17.35%), T. pedis (15.31%), T. capitis (8.16%). Fungal infections were demonstrated in 52/98(53.06%). The male to female ratio of the positive cases was 15:9. The most affected age group in males 30-40yrs and females 40-50yrs. KOH positive were 43.87% (43/98). The samples which were positive in both KOH and culture were 17.35% (17/98), those positive in KOH and culture negative were 26.53% (26/98) and KOH negative and culture positive were 7.14% (7/98). Out of 24 positive cultures, 21 were dermatophytes and three were non-dermatophytes. The most common dermatophytes were T. mentagrophytes (62.5%) followed by T. rubrum (20.8%) and M. gypseum (4.33%). Conclusion: Skin mycoses is caused mainly by dermatophytes (T. mentagrophytes followed by T. rubrum) but non-dermatophytic infections do occur. Therefore, fungal culture is imperative for correct diagnosis and proper treatment.

The diagnosis of diseases is decisive for planning proper treatment and ensuring the well-being of patients. Human error hinders accurate diagnostics, as interpreting medical information is a complex and cognitively challenging task. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) can improve the level of diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. While the current literature has examined various approaches to diagnosing various diseases, an overview of fields in which AI has been applied, including their performance aiming to identify emergent digitalized healthcare services, has not yet been adequately realized in extant research. By conducting a critical review, we portray the AI landscape in diagnostics and provide a snapshot to guide future research. This paper extends academia by proposing a research agenda. Practitioners understand the extent to which AI improves diagnostics and how healthcare benefits from it. However, several issues need to be addressed before successful application of AI in disease diagnostics can be achieved.

Chronic brain failure, also known as dementia or major neurocognitive disorder, is a syndrome of progressive functional decline characterized by both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It can be conceptualized like other organ failure syndromes and its impact on quality of life can be mitigated with proper treatment. Dementia is a risk factor for delirium, and their symptoms can be similar. Patients with dementia can present with agitation that can lead to injury. Logic and reason are rarely successful when attempting to redirect someone with advanced dementia. Interactions that offer a sense of choice are more likely to succeed.

The aim of study was to assess the irrational use of antibiotics among the local population of Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh, Pakistan. Rational or proper medication means patients consume proper medicines for said diagnostic disease and after its consumption, the symptoms disappear. For rational use, selection of medicines is very important along with its proper dosing and it is also necessary to check the adequate time for proper treatment. Cross-sectional study was conducted at various out-patient settings located in Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences, District Shaheed Benazir Abad for the period of 06 months. Total 374 study samples were collected by using simple random sampling technique. From the total study subjects, 209 were males and 165 females. 129 people had only primary qualification. 188 study subjects were married and 149 were unmarried, people use to take antibiotics due to less knowledge and trust on the medical prescriber and take as self diagnosis found among 48 and they didn’t have proper time to visit health care facility so the shortage of time was observed among 151 people. Ciprofloxacin and co-trimaxazole were frequently used by the participants due to different causes. Health Care professional should take proper action against the pharmacies and medical stores as they sale the drugs without any prescription and proper counseling session should be conducted, in order to educate the community regarding rational and irrational use of medicaments.

In the Federal District of Brazil, the cleaning waste from on-site sanitation facilities is transported by septage trucks to sewage treatment plants (STPs) to be treated in conjunction with sewage. This research aimed to characterize the waste from septage trucks that were discharged in the two STPs in Brasilia, Federal District of Brazil. The methodology included the characterization (sampling and laboratory tests) of waste samples collected from septage trucks that discharged waste at the two STPs in Brasilia, and the collection of information on the origin of this waste and the frequency of cleaning the on-site sanitation units. Great variability was found in the frequency of cleaning cesspools and septic tanks. The cleaning of the on-site sanitation facilities took place daily in some places and monthly in the remaining sites, and eventually, facilities with annual cleaning were reported. The characteristic that had the lowest variation coefficient was the pH. The presence of large concentrations of oils and greases in the residues of the septage trucks is a major inconvenience. The results obtained contribute to the knowledge of the characteristics of waste from septage trucks, its management and proper treatment. Keywords : septage; grease trap waste; septage collection and transport truck; oil and grease. CARACTERIZACAO DOS RESIDUOS DOS CAMINHOES LIMPA-FOSSAS NO DISTRITO FEDERAL, BRASIL Resumo No Distrito Federal, os residuos da limpeza das instalacoes de tratamento descentralizado de esgoto sao transportados por caminhoes limpa-fossas para as estacoes de tratamento de esgoto (ETEs) para serem tratados em conjunto com o esgoto. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar os residuos de caminhoes limpa-fossas que descarregaram nas duas ETEs de Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brasil. A metodologia incluiu a caracterizacao (amostragem e exames laboratoriais) de amostras de residuos coletadas dos caminhoes limpa-fossas que descarregaram lodo de fossa nas duas ETEs de Brasilia, e a coleta de informacoes sobre a origem desses residuos e a frequencia de limpeza das unidades de tratamento descentralizado de esgoto. Encontrou-se grande variabilidade nas frequencias de limpeza de fossas e tanques septicos. A limpeza das instalacoes de tratamento descentralizado de esgotos ocorria diariamente em alguns locais e mensalmente nos demais e, eventualmente, foram registradas instalacoes com limpeza anual. O pH foi a caracteristica que apresentou o menor coeficiente de variacao. A presenca de grandes concentracoes de oleos e graxas nos residuos dos caminhoes limpa-fossas e um grande inconveniente. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para o conhecimento das caracteristicas dos residuos de caminhoes limpa-fossas, sua gestao e tratamento adequado. Palavras-chave : lodo de fossas e tanques septicos; residuos de caixas de gordura; caminhoes limpa-fossas; oleos e graxas.

Introduction: About half a million patients in Colombia are currently infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. However, little is known about patients with Chagas disease and anatomical defects such as dextrocardia. Case presentation: A 52-year-old male patient with a 4-year history of dyspnea, chest pain, lower limb edema and syncope (requiring hospitalization), arrhythmias and dextrocardia, underwent serological tests for T. cruzi that were positive. A literature review was conducted to find case reports of patients with dextrocardia or situs inversus and Chagas disease in order to determine the proper treatment. Conclusion: Cases of patients with dextrocardia and Chagas disease are rare. Besides the reported case, only three other cases were found in the literature, which were relatively similar, although they could be considered more severe. According to the findings, the use of etiological treatment is acceptable in patients with coronary anatomic abnormalities and T. cruzi infection. The present case draws attention to the importance of adequately approaching and monitoring this type of patient.

Introduction: Lichen planus is an unknown origin subacute or chronic inflammatory, autoimmune disease occurring mainly in the epidermal parts of the body such as skin. Apart from commonly arising on cutaneous surfaces, it was also shown affect the oral mucosa, genital mucosa, scalp, or nails. and significantly affect the life styles of the humans. Lichen planus lesions can be explained the six P's -planar [flat-topped], purple, polygonal, pruritic, papules, and plaques. Lichen planus is said to have no cure and only the symptoms can be relieved or healed. Since there are different types of Lichens planus, it is important to study the types in detail for proper treatment. Objective: The present study is aimed to explore the spectrum of lesions in Lichen Planus and its prevalence on the patients. Methodology: Out of 100 cases analyzed in our study, 84 cases were clinically analyzed as Lichen planus of which 80 cases were diagnosed to be Lichen planus both clinically and histopathologically and 4 cases were diagnosed as Lichenoid dermatitis (HPE). Results: The correlation of clinical and histopathological types of Lichen Planus Sex incidence is higher in females (55%), having the ratio of 1:1.2 with a male to the female. Duration of the disease ranged from 10 days to 8 years. Majority of the cases (73%) showed less than 3 months’ duration of the disease. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the successes of the therapeutic regimes are purely dependent on the types of the lichens and an urgent need to take severe action against it.

En este trabajo evaluamos el rendimiento de diferentes métodos de aprendizaje automático, para la clasificación de bacterias a partir de espectros de masas disponibles en la base de datos RKI MALDI-TOF. La identificación de microorganismos empleando espectrometría de masas se ha convertido en una tecnología muy popular en los últimos años, especialmente en microbiología clínica, donde una clasificación adecuada es fundamental al momento de elegir un tratamiento correcto. Los modelos elegidos en nuestro estudio incluyen análisis por discriminantes, árboles de decisión, vecinos más cercanos y redes neuronales. Consideramos las siguientes medidas para el análisis: exactitud, coeficiente κ de Cohen, tasa de no información y tiempo consumido. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten recomendar el análisis por discriminante lineal, con un desempeño levemente inferior a vecinos más cercanos, pero aventajándolo en términos de costo computacional.

We described a case in which a heavily-traumatized patient had been under psychiatric treatment for seven years (five of them in a university mental health clinic) but was never diagnosed with PTSD and, therefore, did not receive the proper treatment for a very long period. After the correct diagnosis was made and personalized treatment instituted, the patient has shown marked improvement in functionality and wellbeing. The key element in this case, was the adequacy of psychiatric training. Our report suggests that psychiatrists are not being adequately trained to identify traumatic events and to diagnose atypical cases of PTSD. With that in mind, we emphasize that theoretical modules on trauma and trauma-related disorders and practical training in specialized PTSD clinics should be incorporated into the psychiatric residency training programs wherever they may be missing, particularly in countries most impacted by violence. Furthermore, continuing medical education on trauma and PTSD should be provided by medical associations and journals to keep physicians updated on recent progress in the field.

Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a major role in addressing novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)-related issues and is also used in computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP). AI, including machine learning, is used by artificial neural networks such as deep neural networks and recurrent networks. AI has been used in activity predictions like physicochemical properties. Machine learning in de novo design explores the generation of fruitful, biologically active molecules toward expected or finished products. Several examples establish the strength of machine learning or AI in this field. AI techniques can significantly improve treatment consistency and decision making by developing useful algorithms. AI is helpful not only in the treatment of COVID-19-infected patients but also for their proper health monitoring. It can track the crisis of COVID-19 at different scales, such as medical, molecular, and epidemiological applications. It is also helpful to facilitate the research on this virus by analyzing the available data. AI can help in developing proper treatment regimens, prevention strategies, and drug and vaccine development. Combination with synthesis planning and ease of synthesis are feasible, and more and more automated drug discovery by computers is expected in the near future to eradicate the COVID-19 virus.

Background: The assessment and classification of burin severity and extent is very important for proper treatment. A computer system to assess burns seems to be crucial for the determination of fluid and nutritional requirements. The aim of the work: The objectives of this work are to design a computer system to assess and classify burns according to burn depth and extent and to implement the designed system for the assessment of fluid and nutritional needs using a database system for the automation of the entire process. Then test the computer system in reality through clinical application of the system on fifty patients with acute burn injury. Patients and Methods:This study was divided into two parts: Development of a burn management computer system [BMS]to facilitate the process of documentation, classification, and management of acute burn patients. The BMS contains three subsystems: Database, Classification, and Management subsystems. The second part was the clinical application of the system on fifty patients to test the efficacy, accuracy, and applicability of this system in comparison to the traditional method used at our unit. Results:Clinical application of the BMS has showed a reduction in the burn percentage calculation with 7.36%. It also decreased the amount of fluid calculated automatically by the system by about 7.28%, while the reduction in nutrition calculated automatically by the BMS was about 2.7%. Burn Management System has showed an overall shorter time in dealing with the cases. Conclusion: Clinical application of the BMS showed an accurate estimation of the burn percent, accurate and rapid calculation of resuscitation fluids and nutritional needs, and easy electronic documentation of patients’ data that required a minimal effort.

AIM Key to the successful management of paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) lies in the early detection and proper treatment. We evaluated the performances of modern diagnostic tests: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP-IS6110), Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid) and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (BACTEC MGIT 960 culture) against a modified version of international consensus diagnostic definition (i.e. composite reference standard (CRS)). METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in North India from July 2016 to December 2017 involving 100 children

COVID-19 is one of the most contagious and deadliest diseases nowadays which started spreading from Wuhan city, China in 2019 and at present has spread globally. The scientists all around the world have miserly failed in finding proper treatment to cure the disease except preventions. This paper systematically reviews the various cures of COVID-19 and other related diseases mentioned in the Holy books preached by Islam. The current study suggests remedies and future directions for conducting further experimental research on these cures. There are various cures for every disease mentioned in the Holy books and the world’s scientists needto focus on those cures mentioned in the Holy books and preached by Holy Prophets(peace be upon him). Muslims have a strong believing the cures mentioned in the Holy Quran and Hadiths.