1,476 results on '"Protéines"'
Search Results
2. Régime de l’insuffisance rénale chronique: quoi de neuf ? [Diet for chronic kidney disease: what's new ?]
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Mahmoud BOUSAKHRIA, Nassim MEGUELATTI, Djahid BENDJEDDOU, and Doria KHELFAOUI
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insuffisance rénale chronique ,maladie rénale chronique ,diététique ,sodium ,protéines ,microbiote intestinal ,potassium ,phosphore ,chronic kidney failure ,chronic kidney disease ,dietetic ,proteins ,gut microbiota ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
L’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) est en nette augmentation partout dans le monde. La prise en charge nutritionnelle demeure une question centrale qui fait l’objet de travaux permanents ayant pour but la prévention des complications métaboli-ques, endocriniennes et osseuses qui augmentent avec la réduction du débit de filtra-tion glomérulaire (DFG). Parmi les mesures diététiques préconisées pour préserver la fonction rénale, retarder le début du traitement de suppléance et maintenir les patients dans un état de santé satisfaisant: la restriction protidique de 0,5 à 0,28 g/kg/j selon le stade de l’IRC, une limitation du sodium, la prévention de l'hyperkaliémie, la correction de l'acidose, la lutte contre l'hyperparathyroïdie secondaire par une supplémentation calcique précoce et un régime pauvre en phosphore, traitement de l’anémie et la dyslipi-démie. Le dépistage de ces troubles doit être systématique. L’efficacité est assurée lors-qu’une bonne coopération existe entre le néphrologue et le diététicien. [Chronic kidney failure (CKF) is on the rise all over the world. Nutritional care remains a key issue and is the subject of ongoing work aimed at preventing metabolic, endocrine and bone complications that increase with the reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Among the dietary measures recommended to preserve kidney function, delay the start of replacement therapy, and maintain patients in a satisfactory health state: protein restriction of 0.5 to 0.28g/kg/d, depending on the CKF stage, sodium limitation, hyperkalaemia prevention, acidosis correction, fight against secondary hyperparathyroidism by early calcium supplementation and low phosphorus diet, treatment of anemia and dyslipidemia. Screening for these disorders should be syste-matic. Effectiveness is ensured when good cooperation exists between nephrologist and dietitian.]
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- 2022
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3. Die Rolle der Ernährung für die Muskelgesundheit im Alter.
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Fischer, Andreas M. and Kressig, Reto W.
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SARCOPENIA , *MUSCLE mass , *NUTRITION , *OLDER people , *PROTEINS , *AMINO acid synthesis , *PHYSICAL mobility , *HIGH-protein diet - Abstract
Abstract: The age-related change in the importance of nutrition for muscle health starts at the age of 50. Considering its effects on the mobility and physical independence of older people, the aging of the musculoskeletal system represents one of the greatest public health challenges and tasks for a demographically aging Switzerland. In particular sarcopenia, a pathological decrease in muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle function beyond the physiological age-related changes, correlates with a significantly increased risk of falls as well as increasing morbidity and mortality. Common chronic diseases related to old age not only promote additional muscle loss but also frailty, leading to an additional decline of the quality of life. General practitioners play a crucial role in the initial assessment of changing life circumstances and activity profiles of older people. Thanks to their medical care over many years they are able to identify functional impairments of their aging patients at an early stage and address them in time. This is important because the combination of a high-protein diet and exercise may be extremely effective for improving muscle health and function. Eating more proteins (taking into account the newly revised and increased daily protein requirement for healthy seniors of 1,0–1,2g/kg body weight (bw)) can significantly slow down age-related muscle loss. Depending on age and comorbidities, the daily protein requirement might be even higher (1,5 to 2,0g/kg bw). According to current studies, a minimal protein amount of 25–35g per main dish is recommended for optimal muscle growth stimulation among older individiuals. Thanks to their highly potent boosting power on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates the amino acid L-leucine and L-leucine-rich foods play an important role in elderly people's diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. 'The True Food of the Brain': protéines et constructions raciales en Angleterre, 1840-1910.
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PAGE, ARNAUD
- Abstract
Copyright of Cahiers Victoriens & Edouardiens is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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5. Le Human Proteome Project : nouvelles perspectives de recherche en biologie de la reproduction.
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Pineau, Charles
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PROTEOMICS , *HUMAN chromosomes , *HUMAN genome , *COMMUNITIES , *PROTEINS - Abstract
The Human Proteome Project (HPP) is an international project that aims to revolutionize our understanding of the human proteome through a coordinated effort by numerous research laboratories around the world. It has been structured into two branches: the C-HPP organized into as many groups as there are human chromosomes and the B/D-HPP organized into initiatives whose main goal is to apply proteome analysis technologies to better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie physiological and pathophysiological processes. The two main objectives of the HPP are to establish a comprehensive inventory of proteins encoded by the human genome and to characterize the functions of these proteins and their numerous proteoforms. In this mini-review we will discuss the state of progress of the HPP, the upcoming project, called HPP Grand Challenge and the interest for the community of researchers and clinicians in Reproductive Biology to participate in this new endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Protein-rich rafts in hybrid polymer/lipid giant unilamellar vesicles
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GBMI - Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Otrin, Nika, Bednarz, Claudia, Otrin, Lado, Ivanov, Ivan, Träger, Toni K., Hamdi, Farzad, Kastritis, Panagiotis L., Sundmacher, Kai, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GBMI - Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Otrin, Nika, Bednarz, Claudia, Otrin, Lado, Ivanov, Ivan, Träger, Toni K., Hamdi, Farzad, Kastritis, Panagiotis L., and Sundmacher, Kai
- Abstract
Considerable attention has been dedicated to lipid rafts due to their importance in numerous cell functions such as membrane trafficking, polarization, and signaling. Next to studies in living cells, artificial micrometer-sized vesicles with a minimal set of components are established as a major tool to understand the phase separation dynamics and their intimate interplay with membrane proteins. In parallel, mixtures of phospholipids and certain amphiphilic polymers simultaneously offer an interface for proteins and mimic this segregation behavior, presenting a tangible synthetic alternative for fundamental studies and bottom-up design of cellular mimics. However, the simultaneous insertion of complex and sensitive membrane proteins is experimentally challenging and thus far has been largely limited to natural lipids. Here, we present the co-reconstitution of the proton pump bo3 oxidase and the proton consumer ATP synthase in hybrid polymer/lipid giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) via fusion/electroformation. Variations of the current method allow for tailored reconstitution protocols and control of the vesicle size. In particular, mixing of protein-free and protein-functionalized nanosized vesicles in the electroformation film results in larger GUVs, while separate reconstitution of the respiratory enzymes enables higher ATP synthesis rates. Furthermore, protein labeling provides a synthetic mechanism for phase separation and protein sequestration, mimicking lipid- and protein-mediated domain formation in nature. The latter means opens further possibilities for re-enacting phenomena like supercomplex assembly or symmetry breaking and enriches the toolbox of bottom-up synthetic biology., This work is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) of Germany and the Max Planck Society. K.S. acknowledges funding from the Max Planck School Matter to Life, a joint graduate program of German Universities and Research Organizations. This work was supported by the European Union through funding from the Horizon Europe ERA Chair “hot4cryo” project number 101086665 (to P.L.K.), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, ZIK program) (Grant nos. 03Z22HN23, 03Z22HI2, and 03COV04 to P.L.K.), the European Regional Development Funds (EFRE) for Saxony-Anhalt (Grant no. ZS/2016/04/78115 to P.L.K.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (project number 391498659, RTG 2467), and the Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. The authors are grateful to Anne Christin Reichelt for her help with microscopy and Dr. Christian Tüting for his help with cryo-TEM., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2024
7. Évolution de la fraction lipidique et protéique au cours de maturation de la datte Deglet-Nour
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Karima YAHIAOUI, Ouahiba BOUCHENAK, Karim ARAB, and Ahmed BENCHABANE
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Datte ,Maturation ,Lipide ,Protéines ,Science - Abstract
Les dattes de Deglet Nour à différents stades de maturation ont été analysées pour connaître leur principale composition chimique en lipides, acides gras, protéines et acides aminés. Les valeurs suivantes (sur la base du poids sec) ont été obtenues pour les cinq stades de maturation, respectivement pour lipides : de 1,25 % Ms au stade Loulou à 6,33 % de Ms au stade Kh’lal, 3,65 % Ms au stade B’sser, 2,56 % Ms pour le stade Martouba et 1,97 % Ms au stade T’mar. Les acides gras révélés sont surtout les acides myristique et palmitique. L’analyse des protéines indique des valeurs de 2,63 % Ms au stade Kh’lal pour atteindre 1,25 % Ms au stade T’mar. Parmi les acides aminés identifiés, seulement cinq s’avèrent être présents à des teneurs importantes (glycine, acide -amino butyrique, arginine, valine et lysine). Il s’avère difficile d’après ces résultats, de négliger l’importance de la fraction lipidique et protéique de la datte dans la formation de pigments et d’arômes spécifiques.
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- 2022
8. RECHERCHE IN SILICO DES GENES ET DES PROTEINES ENCODEES POUR LA TOLERANCE AU STRESS SALIN CHEZ LA LEGUMINEUSE Vicia faba L.
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AMOURI, Adel Amar and BELKHODJA, Moulay
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ABIOTIC stress ,CROP yields ,BIOINFORMATICS ,ARABIDOPSIS thaliana ,PROTEIN kinases - Abstract
Copyright of Algerian Journal of Arid Environment (AJAE) is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
9. Digestibility of amino acids in pigs fed distillers dried grains with solubles derived from corn, sorghum, and triticale.
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Park, Chan Sol, Ragland, Darryl, and Adeola, Olayiwola
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TRITICALE ,DISTILLERS feeds ,AMINO acids ,SORGHUM ,CORN ,SWINE - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Animal Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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10. Évolution de la fraction lipidique et protéique au cours de la maturation de la datte Deglet-Nour.
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YAHIAOUI, Karima, OUAHIBA, Bouchenak, ARAB, Karim, and BENCHABANE, Ahmed
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PALMITIC acid , *AMINO acids , *PROTEIN analysis , *PROTEINS , *LYSINE , *BUTYRIC acid , *FATTY acids , *ARGININE - Abstract
Deglet Nour dates at different stages of ripening were analyzed for their main chemical composition in lipids, fatty acids, proteins and amino acids. The following values (based on dry weight) were obtained for the five stages of ripening, respectively for lipids: from 1.25 % Ms at the Loulou stage to 6.33 % Ms at the Kh'lal stage, 3.65 % Ms at the B'sser stage, 2.56 % Ms at the Martouba stage and 1.97 % Ms at the T'mar stage. The fatty acids revealed are mainly myristic and palmitic acids. Protein analysis indicates values of 2.63 % Ms at the Kh'lal stage and 1.25 % Ms at the T'mar stage. Among the amino acids identified, only five were found to be present in significant amounts (glycine, -amino butyric acid, arginine, valine and lysine). From these results, it is difficult to overlook the importance of the lipid and protein fraction of the date in the formation of specific pigments and flavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
11. Naturalness in the production of vegetable oils and proteins.
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Carré, Patrick
- Abstract
The crushing industry is called upon to modify its processing methods in response to a rising demand for vegetable proteins, while at the same time increasing transparency and naturality. Changing the processes without taking this request into account would mean risking rejection and failure. The social sciences have shown that the collective unconscious inextricably links the notion of naturalness to healthy eating, respect for the environment, and social honesty. However, this notion goes beyond what's rational and proves difficult to pin down when it comes to evaluating products. France does not recognize the ISO data sheet that defines what a “natural” ingredient is. Yet we do need a standard, if only to make informed choices between different possible technological paths. This standard of reference could be inspired by available norms in related fields, or it could be based on the best available technologies within a framework that takes into account both societal aspirations and the technical and economic possibilities of the industrial world. To achieve this, the sector's representative bodies, the State, and consumer advocate groups should engage in a collective approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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12. Reinventing the oilseeds processing to extract oil while preserving the protein.
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Carré, Patrick
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The move towards more sustainable production and consumption patterns is a goal shared by a large part of society. In the oil-mill sector, whether it be animal feed or human food, this development should make it possible to improve the protein autonomy of the territories and to use proteins more efficiently. Current methods make some of the rapeseed proteins indigestible and leave most of the undesirable compounds from the seeds in resulting meals. Residual oil, fibrous envelopes, glucosinolates, phytic acid, phenolic compounds and oligosaccharides, as well as overcooking, however, have negative effects on the value of proteins. An important part of the article is devoted to reviewing these effects. Their extraction, combined with milder heat treatments, would provide excellent quality proteins to the market and generate value for the entire value chain. Efficient dehulling and mechanical extraction would be the prerequisites for this development. An ethanolic extraction revisited to exploit the secondary metabolites would then complete this process with, however, a limited effect on phytic acid. All these technologies have the advantage of not posing major acceptability problems. This development requires new investments in applied research to make this new approach to processing oilseeds possible and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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13. First description of the t(3;17)(q27;q21)/IGF2BP2::LSM12 translocation in marginal zone lymphoma
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Ramón Diez-Feijóo, Concepción Fernández-Rodríguez, Marta Lafuente, Nieves García-Gisbert, Ana Ferrer, Luis Colomo, Marta Salido, and Antonio Salar
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Limfomes ,Caspases ,RNA ,Humans ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ,Hematology ,Proteïnes ,Translocation, Genetic - Published
- 2023
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14. Translating "protein foods" from the new Canada's Food Guide to consumers: knowledge gaps and recommendations.
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Fernandez, Melissa A., Bertolo, Robert F., Duncan, Alison M., Phillips, Stuart M., Elango, Rajavel, Ma, David W. L., Desroches, Sophie, Grantham, Andrea, and House, James D.
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CONSENSUS (Social sciences) , *FOOD habits , *FOOD service , *MEAT alternatives , *MEDICINE information services , *NUTRITIONAL requirements , *NUTRITION policy , *DIETARY proteins , *FOOD Pyramid , *HEALTH literacy , *HEALTH information services , *MILK substitutes - Abstract
The revised version of Canada's Food Guide, released in January 2019, issued new guidance by combining meat and alternatives with milk and alternatives into a single group called "protein foods" and emphasized selecting plant-based foods from this category more often. Though the changes represent a simple depiction of a healthy plate, the new Food Guide has opened knowledge gaps about protein foods and exposed new concerns about the interpretation and implementation of the Food Guide among vulnerable groups, particularly children and the elderly. To address key knowledge and research gaps, nutrition leaders need to reach a consensus on key messages to best inform the development of tools and resources to support practitioners in translating messages to consumers, including foodservice standards. Among consumers, families with young children are a primary target for these resources as they develop their life-long habits to ensure they have the knowledge and skills to select, prepare, and consume nutrient-rich protein foods. The new Food Guide provides an opportunity to address the existing knowledge gaps, develop tools and resources to support health professionals, and design interventions that will help Canadian families choose, prepare, and eat nutrient-rich protein foods. Novelty * An updated Canadian regulatory framework is needed for protein labelling and content/health claims. * There are knowledge gaps about protein foods consumption and food literacy needed to optimize nutritional health. * Mandatory nutrition policies are needed to safeguard the provision of high-quality protein foods across institutions that serve children and older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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15. AAC Network hard red winter wheat.
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Graf, R.J., Larsen, R.J., Beres, B.L., Aboukhaddour, R., Laroche, A., Randhawa, H.S., and Foroud, N.A.
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WHEAT ,FLOUR ,WINTER wheat ,STRIPE rust ,GRAIN yields ,STRAW ,GRAIN - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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16. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SENSORY QUALITY OF CASSAVA-COWPEA-MILLET COMPOSITE FLOURS.
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ONYANGO, S. O., ABONG, G. O., OKOTH, M. W., KILALO, D., and MWANG'OMBE, A. W.
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COWPEA , *PEARL millet , *FLOUR , *CASSAVA , *VITAMIN C , *NUTRITION - Abstract
There is global increase in demand for good health and nutrition. The objective of this study was to formulate nutritious composite flours from cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) roots, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) leaves, and millet (Pennisetum glaucum), especially for children and expectant women. A Nutrisurvey software was used to formulate three flour products, namely 20:50:30, 10:50:40 and 15:60:25 of cassava roots, cowpea leaves, and millet, respectively to achieve more than 40% daily requirement of protein, iron and zinc for the expectant woman. The products were subjected to a sensory panel and evaluated against a standard commercial flour (Famila) sold in the Kenyan market. The flours were also subjected to accelerated shelf-life study based on physico-chemical properties and growth of yeast and molds. Results indicated that 20:50:30 and 10:50:40 had the highest colour scores on a 7-point hedonic scale, 5.2±1.35 and 5.2±1.48 (P<0.05). The score indicates a near equal acceptability of the flour based on colour for both the standard. The green porridge (15:60:25) was the least accepted flour and had the highest total aerobic count of 3.7 log cfu g-1 after four months of storage. The acid value of the flours ranged from as low as 1.84±0.01mg KOH g-1 for the 20:50:30 at day zero and as high as 12.9±1.73 mg KOH g-1 after six months of storage. The formulated 20:50:30 flours had protein (8.0%), fat (3.5%) carbohydrates (70%), zinc (0.6 mg100 g-1), iron (0.6 mg100g-1) and vitamin C (0.3 mg100 g-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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17. Sunflower protein enrichment Methods and potential applications.
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Murru, Marcello and Calvo, Concepcion Lera
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- *
SOYBEAN meal , *SOY proteins , *MANUFACTURING processes , *PROTEINS , *MATERIALS testing - Abstract
A method to increase the protein content of sunflower meal was developed that uses a combination of milling, sieving and gravity tables to separate fractions with higher and lower protein content. The investigation allowed to compare different mills' ability to break down the lumps of raw sunflower meal and allow a suitable mechanical separation with sieving and gravity separation. Different settings of the mills were tested with or without material pre-sieving. Sieve mesh sizes were investigated in the range 250 to 500 mm that allowed the production of high protein fine material and a good performance of the gravity table separation. Sunflower meal was successfully enriched in protein to a level similar to low protein soybean meal by utilising the process described in this work. In particular proteins were increased on average by 7% to a level of 43.5%. The yield of the separation can justify industrial applications of this process whereby the high protein material can have a potential use in feed and food formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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18. Discovery of hit compounds targeting the P4 allosteric site of K-RAS, identified through ensemble-based virtual screening
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GBMI - Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Gómez Gutiérrez, Patricia, Rubio Martínez, Jaime, Pérez González, Juan Jesús, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GBMI - Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Gómez Gutiérrez, Patricia, Rubio Martínez, Jaime, and Pérez González, Juan Jesús
- Abstract
Mutants of Ras are oncogenic drivers of a large number of human tumors. Despite being recognized as an attractive target for the treatment of cancer, the high affinity for its substrate tagged the protein as undruggable for a few years. The identification of cryptic pockets on the protein surface gave the opportunity to identify molecules capable of acting as allosteric modulators. Several molecules were disclosed in recent years, with sotorasib and adagrasib already approved for clinical use. The present study makes use of computational methods to characterize eight prospective allosteric pockets (P1–P8) in K-Ras, four of which (P1–P4) were previously characterized in the literature. The present study also describes the results of a virtual screening study focused on the discovery of hit compounds, binders of the P4 site that can be considered as peptidomimetics of a fragment of the SOS aI helix, a guanine exchange factor of Ras. After a detailed description of the computational procedure followed, we disclose five hit compounds, prospective binders of the P4 allosteric site that exhibit an inhibitory capability higher than 30% in a cell proliferation assay at 50 µM., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2023
19. Protein features instruct the secretion dynamics from metal-supported synthetic amyloids
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Òptica i Optometria, Parladé Molist, Eloi, Sánchez Quiroga, Julieta María, Lopez Laguna, Hector, Unzueta, Ugutz, Villaverde Corrales, Antonio, Vazquez Gómez, Esther, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Òptica i Optometria, Parladé Molist, Eloi, Sánchez Quiroga, Julieta María, Lopez Laguna, Hector, Unzueta, Ugutz, Villaverde Corrales, Antonio, and Vazquez Gómez, Esther
- Abstract
Hexahistidine-tagged proteins can be clustered by divalent cations into self-containing, dynamic protein depots at the microscale, which under physiological conditions leak functional protein. While such protein granules show promise in clinics as time-sustained drug delivery systems, little is known about how the nature of their components, that is, the protein and the particular cation used as cross-linker, impact on the disintegration of the material and on its secretory performance. By using four model proteins and four different cation formulations to control aggregation, we have here determined a moderate influence of the used cation and a potent impact of some protein properties on the release kinetics and on the final fraction of releasable protein. In particular, the electrostatic charge at the amino terminus and the instability and hydropathicity indexes determine the disintegration profile of the depot. These data offer clues for the fabrication of efficient and fully exploitable secretory granules that being biocompatible and chemically homogenous allow their tailored use as drug delivery platforms in biological systems., The authors appreciate the financial support received for the development of multimeric recombinant drugs, from AEI (PID2019- 105416RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and PDC2022- 133858I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Union ´ Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR to E.V. and PID2020-116174RB-I00 to A.V.), AGAUR (2020PANDE00003 and 2021SGR00092 to A.V.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI20/00400 to U.U.) co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, a way to make Europe). JMS is supported with a María Zambrano postdoctoral researcher contract (677904) from Ministerio de Universidades and European Union (“Financed by European Union-Next GenerationEU”). U.U. is supported by Miguel Servet contract (CP19/00028) from ISCIII co-funded by European Social Fund (ESF investing in your future). We also appreciate the funding from the CIBER -Consorcio Centro de Investigacion ´ Biomédica en Red- (CB06/ 01/0014), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, ´ through several projects (VENOM4CANCER to A.V., NANOREMOTE to E.V. and NANOSCAPE to U.U). A.V. received an ICREA ACADEMIA award. Protein production was partially performed by the ICTS “NANBIOSIS”, more specifically by the Protein Production Platform of CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)/IBB, at the UAB (http://www.nanbiosis.es/portfolio /u1-protein-production-platform-ppp/)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2023
20. Towards more sustainable animal-feed alternatives: A survey on Spanish consumers' willingness to consume animal products fed with insects
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Tecnologia Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA-UPC-IRTA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari UPC-IRTA, Che Mustapa, Muhammad Adzran, Kallas, Zein, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Tecnologia Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA-UPC-IRTA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari UPC-IRTA, Che Mustapa, Muhammad Adzran, and Kallas, Zein
- Abstract
Global meat consumption will continue to increase in response to the growth in population and demand. Numerous studies have emphasized the nutritional, economic, and environmental benefits of using insect meal as an alternative protein source for animal feed. This article analyses Spanish consumers' willingness to consume pork, chicken, eggs, and fish, and explores the effect of sociodemographic and psychometric characteristics on their willingness to consume when the animals are fed with insect protein as a sustainable feed alternative. The study used an online Spanish consumers' panel belonging to Qualtrics© (market company services) and distributed it to 1260 individuals stratified by age, gender, and region. The data were analysed using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Overall, the results demonstrated that most Spanish consumers expressed high uncertainty regarding their willingness to consume animal-fed insect meals. They also exhibited moderate levels of food neophobia and showed a highly ecocentric attitude. The non-parametric comparison analysis confirmed significant differences in willingness to consume sustainable animal products across sociodemographic characteristics: financial situation and gender were significant variables, with females more willing to consume sustainable animal products than males. For the psychometric traits, significant differences in willingness to consume sustainable animal products were confirmed across food neophobia, food neophilia, opinions on using insects in animal feed, and ecocentric attitude. The results also confirmed a significant difference in the effects of sociodemographic variables on psychometric attributes. Financial situation affects food neophilia, anthropocentric attitudes, and opinions on the use of insects in animal feed. Age influences food neophobia, ecocentric attitudes, and opinions on the use of insects in animal feed. Education also influences food neophilia, ecocentric attit, This study has received funding from the Spanish Research Agency (AEI) under grant agreement No PID2019-111716RB-I00 (project acronym SUSPROMO). The content of this thesis reflects only the author’s view and the AEI is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2023
21. Protein cohabitation: long-term immunoglobulin G storage at room temperature
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Bharmoria, Pankaj, Ooi, Saik Ann, Cellini, Andrea, Tietze, Daniel, Maj, Michal, Moth-Poulsen, Kasper, Tietze, Alesia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Bharmoria, Pankaj, Ooi, Saik Ann, Cellini, Andrea, Tietze, Daniel, Maj, Michal, Moth-Poulsen, Kasper, and Tietze, Alesia
- Abstract
Long-term functional storage of therapeutic proteins at room temperature has been an eternal challenge. Inspired by the cellular cooperativity of proteins, we have taken a step forward to address this challenge by cohabitating Immunoglobulin G (IgG1) with a food protein gelatin in the solid-state at room temperature. Interestingly, IgG1 remained functionally active for a record 14 months revealed from the western-blot assay. Further quantification by HP-LC analysis showed 100% structural integrity of IgG1 with no degradation in the gelatin matrix during this period. The developed formulation has a direct application in oral medical nutrition therapy to cure gastrointestinal microbial infections. Also the strategy provides a robust energy economic alternative to the protein engineering methods for long-term functional storage of therapeutic proteins at room temperature., The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions – European Commission post-doctoral grant (NIRLAMS, Grant agreement ID: 844972, PB), The La-Caixa Foundation (ID: 100010434, PB), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation via the Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (AT), and Swedish Research Council (2020-04299) (AT), Catalan Institute of Advanced Studies (ICREA) (KMP) are gratefully acknowledged for financial support. Hanna Zhdanova is acknowledged for assistance during SDS-PAGE., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
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- 2023
22. A step forward toward selective activation/inhibition of bak, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family: discovery of new prospective allosteric sites using molecular dynamics
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GBMI - Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Vila i Julià, Guillem, Pérez González, Juan Jesús, Rubio Martinez, Jaime, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GBMI - Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, Vila i Julià, Guillem, Pérez González, Juan Jesús, and Rubio Martinez, Jaime
- Abstract
Bak is a pro-apoptotic protein and a member of the Bcl-2 family that plays a key role in apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism of multicellular organisms. Its activation under death stimuli triggers the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane that represents a point of no return in the apoptotic pathway. This process is deregulated in many tumors where Bak is inactivated, whereas in other cases like in neurodegeneration, it exhibits an excessive response leading to disorders such as the Alzheimer disease. Members of the Bcl-2 family share a common 3D structure, exhibiting an extremely similar orthosteric binding site, a place where both pro and antiapoptotic proteins bind. This similarity raises a selectivity issue that hampers the identification of new drugs, capable of altering Bak activation in a selective manner. An alternative activation site triggered by antibodies has been recently identified, opening the opportunity to undertake new drug discovery studies. Despite this recent identification, an exhaustive study to identify cryptic pockets as prospective allosteric sites has not been yet performed. Thus, the present study aims to characterize novel hotspots in the Bak structure. For this purpose, we have carried out extensive molecular dynamics simulations using three different Bak systems including Bak in its apo form, Bak in complex with its endogen activator Bim and an intermediate form, set up by removing Bim from the previous complex. The results reported in the present work shed some light on future docking studies on Bak through the identification of new prospective allosteric sites, not previously described in this protein., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
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- 2023
23. The selenophosphate synthetase family: A review
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Bruno Manta, Nadezhda E Makarova, and Marco Mariotti
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Phosphotransferases ,Proteins ,Biochemistry ,Hormones ,Phosphates ,Selenocysteine ,Ligases ,Selenium ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,Seleni ,Pyridoxal Phosphate ,Physiology (medical) ,Amino acids ,Cysteine ,Aminoàcids ,Selenium Compounds ,Selenoproteins ,Proteïnes - Abstract
Selenophosphate synthetases use selenium and ATP to synthesize selenophosphate. This is required for biological utilization of selenium, most notably for the synthesis of the non-canonical amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Therefore, selenophosphate synthetases underlie all functions of selenoproteins, which include redox homeostasis, protein quality control, hormone regulation, metabolism, and many others. This protein family comprises two groups, SelD/SPS2 and SPS1. The SelD/SPS2 group represent true selenophosphate synthetases, enzymes central to selenium metabolism which are present in all Sec-utilizing organisms across the tree of life. Notably, many SelD/SPS2 proteins contain Sec as catalytic residue in their N-terminal flexible selenium-binding loop, while others replace it with cysteine (Cys). The SPS1 group comprises proteins originated through gene duplications of SelD/SPS2 in metazoa in which the Sec/Cys-dependent catalysis was disrupted. SPS1 proteins do not synthesize selenophosphate and are not required for Sec synthesis. They have essential regulatory functions related to redox homeostasis and pyridoxal phosphate, which affect signaling pathways for growth and differentiation. In this review, we summarize the knowledge about the selenophosphate synthetase family acquired through decades of research, encompassing their structure, mechanism, function, and evolution.
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- 2022
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24. Aberrant TIMP-1 overexpression in tumor-associated fibroblasts drives tumor progression through CD63 in lung adenocarcinoma
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Paula Duch, Natalia Díaz-Valdivia, Rafael Ikemori, Marta Gabasa, Evette S. Radisky, Marselina Arshakyan, Sabrina Gea-Sorlí, Anna Mateu-Bosch, Paloma Bragado, Josep Lluís Carrasco, Hidetoshi Mori, Josep Ramírez, Cristina Teixidó, Noemí Reguart, Cristina Fillat, Derek C. Radisky, and Jordi Alcaraz
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Drug targeting ,Lung Neoplasms ,Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ,Tetraspanin 30 ,Proteins ,Adenocarcinoma of Lung ,Fibrosi pulmonar ,Fibroblasts ,Pulmonary fibrosis ,Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ,Mice ,Dianes farmacològiques ,Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Càncer de pulmó ,Animals ,Humans ,Lung cancer ,Proteïnes ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is an important regulator of extracellular matrix turnover that has been traditionally regarded as a potential tumor suppressor owing to its inhibitory effects of matrix metalloproteinases. Intriguingly, this interpretation has been challenged by the consistent observation that increased expression of TIMP-1 is associated with poor prognosis in virtually all cancer types including lung cancer, supporting a tumor-promoting function. However, how TIMP-1 is dysregulated within the tumor microenvironment and how it drives tumor progression in lung cancer is poorly understood. We analyzed the expression of TIMP-1 and its cell surface receptor CD63 in two major lung cancer subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and defined the tumor-promoting effects of their interaction. We found that TIMP-1 is aberrantly overexpressed in tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) in ADC compared to SCC. Mechanistically, TIMP-1 overexpression was mediated by the selective hyperactivity of the pro-fibrotic TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway in ADC-TAFs. Likewise, CD63 was upregulated in ADC compared to SCC cells. Genetic analyses revealed that TIMP-1 secreted by TGF-β1-activated ADC-TAFs is both necessary and sufficient to enhance growth and invasion of ADC cancer cells in culture, and that tumor cell expression of CD63 was required for these effects. Consistently, in vivo analyses revealed that ADC cells co-injected with fibroblasts with reduced SMAD3 or TIMP-1 expression into immunocompromised mice attenuated tumor aggressiveness compared to tumors bearing parental fibroblasts. We also found that high TIMP1 and CD63 mRNA levels combined define a stronger prognostic biomarker than TIMP1 alone. Our results identify an excessive stromal TIMP-1 within the tumor microenvironment selectively in lung ADC, and implicate it in a novel tumor-promoting TAF-carcinoma crosstalk, thereby pointing to TIMP-1/CD63 interaction as a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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- 2022
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25. Molecular dynamics of a subset of central nervous system proteins
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Martín Valle, Isabel, Sala Llonch, Roser, and Orozco López, Modesto
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Simulation methods ,Malaltia de Parkinson ,Parkinson's disease ,Bachelor's theses ,Proteins ,Brain ,Enginyeria biomèdica ,Treballs de fi de grau ,Cervell ,Proteïnes ,Biomedical engineering ,Medicaments ,Mètodes de simulació - Abstract
Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Biomèdica. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2022-2023. Tutor/Director: Sala Llonch, Roser, Orozco López, Modesto, The human brain is organized in a hierarchical structure of distinct but closely connected levels. Although our knowledge about each individual level is extensive, what remains unknown is a comprehensive understanding of how events in low levels propagate through higher levels. This is a challenge for neuroscience. This project focuses on low-level protein events. Its aim is to simulate the dynamics of a subset of central nervous system proteins as their mobility and flexibility are essential for neurological signal transduction. In particular, it is centred on the subset of CNS proteins related to Parkinson’s disease. By reproducing their dynamics, the process of signal transduction in the brain can be better understood, as well as helping in the design of neuro-active drugs for Parkinson’s disease. This document provides a detailed description of the development of the project to obtain the dynamics of the proteins of study. The scope of the project goes from generating a list of proteins of interest, running and validating their dynamics and uploading the data to an open access database. A total of 49 simulations were successfully obtained and uploaded. These simulations can be further studied to understand protein functions in neurological pathways as well as study possible drug binding interactions.
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- 2023
26. Les régimes hyperprotéinés dans la perte de poids chez les patients en surpoids : bénéfices/risques
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Consolino, Alban, Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de pharmacie (AMU PHARM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Estelle Wolff
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Surpoids ,Risques ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Hyperprotéinés ,Protéines ,[SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences ,Bénéfices ,Alimentation ,Régimes ,Nutrition - Abstract
Depuis maintenant de très longues années, les problèmes de poids sont devenus monnaie courante en France. D’autant plus inquiétants que les courbes de poids de la population française ne cessent d’augmenter, année après année. Si l’obésité est reconnue comme une maladie et nécessite un accompagnement personnalisé afin de maximiser les chances de guérison du patient, le surpoids a tendance à être mis de côté. Dans ce travail, nous nous pencherons sur les régimes hyperprotéinés, longtemps en vogue pour la perte de poids.Dans un premier temps, nous étudierons les fondamentaux concernant la nutrition avant de nous focaliser sur le surpoids et l’obésité.Nous verrons ensuite dans un second temps, les principes et les déroulements des régimes hyperprotéinés les plus connus.Enfin, nous envisagerons les éventuels effets indésirables de ces régimes et donc l’importance de les suivre correctement.
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- 2023
27. Control of a hippocampal recurrent excitatory circuit by cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein Gap43
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Irene B. Maroto, Carlos Costas-Insua, Coralie Berthoux, Estefanía Moreno, Andrea Ruiz-Calvo, Carlos Montero-Fernández, Andrea Macías-Camero, Ricardo Martín, Nuria García-Font, José Sánchez-Prieto, Giovanni Marsicano, Luigi Bellocchio, Enric I. Canela, Vicent Casadó, Ismael Galve-Roperh, Ángel Núñez, David Fernández de Sevilla, Ignacio Rodríguez-Crespo, Pablo E. Castillo, and Manuel Guzmán
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Multidisciplinary ,Hipocamp (Cervell) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Proteins ,General Chemistry ,Hippocampus (Brain) ,Proteïnes ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
The type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) is widely expressed in excitatory and inhibitory nerve terminals, and by suppressing neurotransmitter release, its activation modulates neural circuits and brain function. While the interaction of CB1R with various intracellular proteins is thought to alter receptor signaling, the identity and role of these proteins are poorly understood. Using a high-throughput proteomic analysis complemented with an array of in vitro and in vivo approaches in the mouse brain, we report that the C-terminal, intracellular domain of CB1R interacts specifically with growth-associated protein of 43 kDa (GAP43). The CB1R-GAP43 interaction occurs selectively at mossy cell axon boutons, which establish excitatory synapses with dentate granule cells in the hippocampus. This interaction impairs CB1R-mediated suppression of mossy cell to granule cell transmission, thereby inhibiting cannabinoid-mediated anti-convulsant activity in mice. Thus, GAP43 acts as a synapse type-specific regulatory partner of CB1R that hampers CB1R-mediated effects on hippocampal circuit function.
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- 2023
28. Computational Modelling of the pH Effect on Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
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Privat Contreras, Cristian, Rubio Martínez, Jaime, Madurga Díez, Sergio, and Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Química
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Molecular biology ,Simulació per ordinador ,Proteins ,Dinàmica molecular ,Molecular dynamics ,Computer simulation ,Proteïnes ,Biologia molecular - Abstract
[eng] Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) landed on the molecular biology framework at the turn of the 20th century to challenge the established protein function- structure paradigm. Due to their inherent flexibility and disorder-to-order transitions, IDPs play an important role in the adaptive regulation and mediation of biological responses within cells. However, the intrinsic disorder makes IDPs difficult to characterise by experimental techniques, hindering the elucidation of their mechanisms of action in biological functions. Molecular dynamics simulations can capture the conformational ensembles of macromolecules, but several issues need to be when simulating IDPs, such as proper parameterisation to reproduce the intrinsic disorder, improvement of the conformational sampling, or factors related to the cellular environment such as ionic strength, pH, molecular crowding, etc. With the recent introduction of these proteins in the scientific landscape, this thesis is presented as a contribution to provide further insight into simulations of IDPs, especially on the effect of pH. Due to the high abundance of ionisable amino acids in IDPs, the incorporation of charge-conformation coupling into in-silico modelling is critical. Therefore, the effect of the dynamic change of protonation states depending on the solvent pH to generate conformational ensembles of IDPs is investigated using the constant pH Molecular Dynamics method. During the study, some shortcomings of this method were identified, which led to a detailed assessment of this approach implemented in AMBER. On the other hand, new force fields and water models designed for IDP simulation, as well as coarse-grained models or sampling techniques, are evaluated on the model IDP peptide, histatin-5, with one of the most extensive simulations of this peptide. Finally, we focus on the IDP α-synuclein (αS), which is implicated in Parkinson's disease through its fibrillation and oligomerisation leading to deposition in Lewis bodies. Using the IDP-specific force field ff14IDPSFF, β-sheet-rich intermediates are detected in a fragment of αS. In addition, we provide a first insight into the effect of pH on αS and β- synuclein, and plan to continue this study in the future, using the knowledge gained in this thesis to unravel the mechanism of fibrillogenesis of these proteins., [cat] Les proteïnes intrínsecament desordenades (IDPs) es van popularitzar en el marc de la biologia molecular a principis del segle XX per a qüestionar el paradigma de funció- estructura de les proteïnes. A causa de la seva flexibilitat intrínseca i les transicions de desordre-a-ordre, les IDPs exerceixen un paper clau en la regulació adaptativa i la mediació de respostes biològiques en les cèl·lules. El desordre intrínsec provoca que siguin difícils de caracteritzar mitjançant tècniques experimentals, la qual cosa impedeix l'elucidació dels seus mecanismes d'acció. Les simulacions de Dinàmica Molecular poden captar els conjunts de conformacions de les macromolècules, però en les simulacions de IDPs és necessari abordar prèviament diverses qüestions, com ara la parametrització, el mostreig conformacional o factors relacionats amb l'entorn cel·lular com la força iònica, el pH, etc. Amb la recent introducció d'aquestes proteïnes en el panorama científic, aquesta tesi es presenta com una contribució per a millorar les simulacions de IDPs, especialment sobre l'efecte del pH. A causa de la gran abundància d'aminoàcids ionitzables en les IDPs, la incorporació de l'acoblament carrega-conformació en les simulacions és fonamental. Per tant, investiguem l'efecte del canvi dinàmic dels estats de protonació en funció del pH sobre la generació de conjunts de conformacions de les IDPs utilitzant el mètode de Dinàmica Molecular a pH constant. Durant l'estudi, s’identifiquen algunes deficiències en el mètode, impulsant-nos així a avaluar aquesta tècnica en profunditat. D'altra banda, també posem a prova nous camps de força o models d'aigua dissenyats per a la simulació de IDP, així com models de gra gruixut o tècniques de mostreig, en la IDP model, histatin- 5, amb una de les simulacions més exhaustives del pèptid. Finalment, ens centrem en la IDP α-sinucleïna (αS), implicada en la malaltia de Parkinson a través de la fibril·lació i oligomerització que condueixen al seu dipòsit en els cossos de Lewis. Utilitzant el camp de força específic per IDPs, ff14IDPSFF, es detecten intermedis rics en fulles β en un fragment de αS. A més a més, proporcionem una primera pinzellada de l'efecte del pH sobre αS i β-sinucleïna per desentranyar el mecanisme de fibril·logènesi d'aquestes proteïnes.
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- 2023
29. Physico-chimie des interactions de plastiques microstructurés avec des protéines ou des peptides modèles par des approches expérimentales et in silico
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Saudrais, Florent, Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire (LIONS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Serge Pin, and Yves Boulard
- Subjects
Micro-Nanoparticles ,[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,Plastiques ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph] ,Proteins ,Corona ,Adsorption ,Micro-Nanoparticules ,Protéines ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Peptides ,Plastics - Abstract
Micro- and nanoparticles, and especially plastic particles, are an important current topic. The ever-growing increase of the amount of plastic used in a wide variety of fields causes a sharp increase in the associated pollution. When these particles enter a biological medium they surround themselves with a corona, which can have a complex impact on organisms. It can give the particle a “biological identity” influencing its interactions in the living medium.This thesis studies the interactions of polyethylene and polypropylene microparticles (MP) and microstructured polypropylene filters with proteins and model peptides. We characterized the MPs with several spectroscopic methods.Unaged and aged MPs were brought into contact with proteins and model peptides.We measured protein adsorption isotherms on aged and unaged MPs. Raman imaging and fluorescence measurements allowed us to directly visualize the hemoglobin and bovine serum albumin corona on the MPs. The hemoglobin function, in solution and adsorbed, was assessed by tonometry.To understand the interactions between peptides and nanoparticles at the atomic scale, we used an in silico molecular dynamics approach. Meanwhile, we have measured adsorption isotherms of fluorescent peptides to validate the simulation results.; Les micro- et nanoparticules, et en particulier celles de plastique, constituent un sujet d'actualité important. L'augmentation toujours croissante des quantités de plastiques utilisées dans des domaines très variés est à l'origine d'une forte augmentation de la pollution associée. Lorsque ces particules entrent dans un milieu biologique, elles s'entourent d'une corona dont l'impact sur les organismes peut être complexe. Elle donne à la particule une "identité biologique" influençant ses interactions dans le milieu vivant.Cette thèse étudie les interactions de microparticules (MP) de polyéthylène et de polypropylène, et de filtres microstructurés en polypropylène avec des protéines et des peptides modèles. Nous avons caractérisés les MP par différentes méthodes spectroscopiques.Des MP non-vieillies et vieillies par différentes méthodes ont été mises en contact avec des protéines et peptides modèles. Nous avons mesuré les isothermes d'adsorption des protéines sur les MP vieillis et non vieillies. Des mesures d'imagerie Raman et de fluorescence nous ont permis de visualiser directement la corona de l'hémoglobine et de l'albumine du sérum bovin sur les MP. La fonction de l'hémoglobine, en solution et adsorbée, a été évaluée par tonométrie.Pour comprendre les interactions entre peptides et nanoparticules de polyéthylène à l'échelle atomique, nous avons utilisé une approche in silico de dynamique moléculaire. En parallèle, nous avons mesuré les isothermes d'adsorption de peptides fluorescents pour pour valider les résultats de simulation.
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- 2023
30. L’alimentation végétale pour les seniors : Comprendre la structure pour maitriser la texture et innover - Le projet européen OPTIFEL.
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LEVERRIER, Cassandre and CUVELIER, Gérard
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MECHANICAL heat treatment ,FRUIT texture ,LABELS ,PROTEIN solubility ,POPULATION aging - Abstract
Copyright of IAA Industries Agro-Alimentaires is the property of Ste Ad hoc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
31. Comment lutter contre le vieillissement musculaire ?
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Lahaye, Clément, Soubrier, Martin, and Tournadre, Anne
- Abstract
Le vieillissement s'accompagne d'une diminution des performances musculaires en rapport avec une diminution de la masse et de la qualité musculaire, et des altérations de la transmission neuromusculaire. Les mécanismes sont complexes et interdépendants associant baisse de l'activité physique, apports protidiques insuffisants, résistance anabolique postprandiale, insulinorésistance, lipotoxicité, facteurs endocrines, dysfonction mitochondriale, dénervation musculaire, inflammation. Les comorbidités de plus en plus fréquentes avec l'âge potentialisent le déclin fonctionnel musculaire progressif qui est accéléré lors des épisodes aigus. La sarcopénie définie par une perte progressive de la force et de la masse musculaire s'accompagne d'une augmentation du risque de chute et d'entrée dans la dépendance, d'une altération de la qualité de vie et d'une surmortalité. Elle s'accompagne fréquemment d'une augmentation concomitante de la masse grasse définissant l'obésité sarcopénique qui potentialise la morbi-mortalité. Afin d'améliorer le dépistage et le diagnostic de la sarcopénie, les critères européens ont récemment été révisés incluant un dépistage par auto-questionnaire et une évaluation première par la mesure de la force. La prise en charge doit surtout être préventive et multimodale reposant sur l'optimisation des apports en protéines, en vitamine D et en acides gras omega-3 ainsi que sur le maintien d'une activité physique régulière. De nouveaux traitements spécifiques pourraient prochainement voir le jour pour enrichir les stratégies thérapeutiques. Aging is associated with low physical performance in relation to low muscle quantity or quality as well neuromuscular transmission defect. There are several mechanisms that may be involved, included low physical activity, inadequate intake of protein, anabolic resistance, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, endocrine factors, mitochondrial dysfunction, muscular denervation, inflammation. Increasing comorbidities with ageing potentiate the progressive muscular functional decline that is accelerated during acute episodes. Sarcopenia defined as a progressive loss of strength and muscle mass is associated with an increased risk of fall and disability, alteration of quality of life and an excess of mortality. It is frequently accompanied by a concomitant increase in fat mass defining sarcopenic obesity, which potentiates morbidity and mortality. To improve screening and diagnosis, European criteria have recently been revised, including self-questionnaire for case-finding and strength measurement as primary indicator. Interventions should be preventive and multimodal based on optimal protein, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids intakes, as well as maintaining regular physical activity. New specific treatments could soon enrich the therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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- View/download PDF
32. Quels bénéfices attendre de la supplémentation en protéines pour limiter la perte de masse et de fonction musculaire chez le sujet âgé fragile ?
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Bonnefoy, Marc, Gilbert, Thomas, Bruyère, Olivier, Paillaud, Elena, Raynaud-Simon, Agathe, Guérin, Olivier, Jeandel, Claude, Le Sourd, Bruno, Haine, Max, Ferry, Monique, Rolland, Yves, and Berrut, Gilles
- Abstract
Résumé: La préservation de la fonction musculaire constitue un enjeu majeur de prévention du déclin fonctionnel chez les patients âgés. Chez les sujets âgés optimiser les apports en protéines est le prérequis pour éviter ou limiter la perte de la masse musculaire observée au cours du vieillissement. Les études épidémiologiques observationnelles établissent une relation étroite entre la quantité de protéines apportées par l'alimentation et les différents paramètres de la sarcopénie (masse et force musculaire, performances fonctionnelles). Les apports protéiques des patients âgés sont souvent inférieurs aux recommandations, indépendamment des situations de dénutrition, ce qui laisse envisager l'intérêt d'une supplémentation protéique afin de prévenir les conséquences fonctionnelles de la sarcopénie. Les données de la littérature restent actuellement parcellaires, notamment chez les sujets véritablement sarcopéniques, et ne permettent pas de conclusions définitives. Toutefois, Il n'existe pas actuellement d'arguments scientifiques suffisants pour affirmer que la supplémentation en protéines de façon isolée, sans combinaison notamment avec un programme d'activé physique, permet un gain significatif sur la masse musculaire et/ou la force musculaire. La supplémentation en acides aminés essentiels comme la leucine a montré des bénéfices qui restent à démontrer chez le sujet âgé à court comme à long terme. Le meilleur niveau de preuve est apporté par l'association exercice-nutrition mais là encore, les données restent rares chez les sujets âgés fragiles. Minimum levels of protein intake are essential for the preservation of muscle mass and function, which is a major preventive issue of successful aging. Epidemiological studies suggest strong associations between protein intake and the different elements of sarcopenia, namely maintenance of lean mass and muscle strength. Most often, protein intakes among older patients are below requirements, independently from situations of under nutrition. This opens the path for nutritional interventions to prevent the consequences of sarcopenia in older patients. Isolated amino-acids such as leucine have shown positive effects in the short term only. The positive effects of protein supplementations on muscle strength and function are currently not established in the absence of concomitant exercise training. The highest level of evidence supports interventions combining exercise and nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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33. Activation of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1I to a 50 kDa stable core impairs its full toxicity to Ostrinia nubilalis
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Ayda Khorramnejad, Yolanda Bel, Reza Talaei-Hassanloui, and Baltasar Escriche
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Endotoxins ,Insecticides ,Hemolysin Proteins ,Bacterial Proteins ,Larva ,fungi ,Bacillus thuringiensis ,Animals ,General Medicine ,Moths ,Proteïnes ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1I insecticidal proteins are structurally similar to other three-domain Cry proteins, although their size, activity spectrum, and expression at the stationary phase are unique among other members of the Cry1 family. The mode of action of Cry1 proteins is not completely understood but the existence of an activation step prior to specific binding is widely accepted. In this study, we attempted to characterize and determine the importance of the activation process in the mode of action of Cry1I, as Cry1Ia protoxin or its partially processed form showed significantly higher toxicity to Ostrinia nubilalis than the fully processed protein either activated with trypsin or with O. nubilalis midgut juice. Oligomerization studies showed that Cry1Ia protoxin, in solution, formed dimers spontaneously, and the incubation of Cry1Ia protoxin with O. nubilalis brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) promoted the formation of dimers of the partially processed form. While no oligomerization of fully activated proteins after incubation with BBMV was detected. The results of the in vitro competition assays showed that both the Cry1Ia protoxin and the approx. 50 kDa activated proteins bind specifically to the O. nubilalis BBMV and compete for the same binding sites. Accordingly, the in vivo binding competition assays show a decrease in toxicity following the addition of an excess of 50 kDa activated protein. Consequently, as full activation of Cry1I protein diminishes its toxicity against lepidopterans, preventing or decelerating proteolysis might increase the efficacy of this protein in Bt-based products. Key points • Processing Cry1I to a 50 kDa stable core impairs its full toxicity to O. nubilalis • Partially processed Cry1Ia protoxin retains the toxicity of protoxin vs O. nubilalis • Protoxin and its final processed forms compete for the same functional binding sites
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- 2022
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34. ‘The True Food of the Brain’: Proteins and Racial Constructs during the Victorian and Edwardian Eras
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Page, Arnaud
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azote ,Cultural Studies ,alimentation ,viande ,Literature and Literary Theory ,food ,Great Britain ,chemistry ,proteins ,nitrogen ,meat ,nutrition ,histoire ,protéines ,Grande-Bretagne ,history ,race ,chimie - Abstract
In the eighteenth century, meat became strongly associated with English national identity and was often used in discourses about national differences. This article seeks to analyze how, from the 1840s to WWI, the development of food chemistry—a science then primarily concerned with the importance of proteins—contributed to strengthening this discourse. The article thus shows how science gave a renewed legitimacy to discourses establishing strong fault lines and hierarchies between different peoples or ‘races’, depending on their diets. The second part of the article shows, however, the evolutions and complex uses of this scientific discipline which eventually contributed to a relative weakening of ideas linking a meat diet and national or racial supremacy. Depuis le dix-huitième siècle, au moins, la viande est fortement associée à l’identité nationale des Anglais et à leur supériorité supposée. Le présent article se propose d’analyser la façon dont le développement de la chimie alimentaire dans la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle a contribué à renforcer cet imaginaire, en raison de sa focalisation particulière sur l’apport en protéines. L’article montre ainsi comment la science a pu donner une nouvelle légitimité aux discours instituant des lignes de fracture et hiérarchies fortes entre différents peuples ou « races » en fonction de leurs régimes alimentaires. Dans un second temps, l’article vise néanmoins à montrer les évolutions et usages complexes de cette discipline scientifique, qui a également contribué à déstabiliser les discours liant régime carné et suprématie nationale ou raciale.
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- 2023
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35. Calculations of water free energy in bulk and large biological systems
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Coronas Serna, Luis Enrique, Franzese, Giancarlo, and Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Física
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Transformacions de fase (Física estadística) ,Condensed matter ,Biophysics ,Proteins ,Statistical physics ,Matèria condensada ,Biofísica ,Proteïnes ,Phase transformations (Statistical physics) ,Física estadística - Abstract
[eng] This thesis develops, validates, and explores applications of the Franzese-Stanley (FS) coarse-grained model for bulk water, ultimately intended to represent the solvent in large-scale simulations of biological systems. The model coarse-grains the positions of the water molecules through a discrete density field but keeps a detailed account of the hydrogen bond (HB) contributions to local density heterogeneity. It was initially proposed for hydrophobically confined water monolayers and is suitable for analytic calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. The FS monolayer displays dynamic and thermodynamic anomalies qualitatively consistent with experiments and atomistic calculations. Moreover, its extension to hydration water in protein solutions unveils the water contribution to protein folding, protein design, and protein aggregation, including effects arising from changes in temperature, pressure, salinity, and pH. Here, we extend to bulk the FS model. Although going from monolayer to bulk could drastically change the thermodynamic behavior of the model, we show that the bulk FS reproduces well the experimental data of water. Furthermore, we prove that the model is suitable for simulations of large biological systems in explicit solvent. On the one hand, we account for water interactions at the molecular level, at variance with commonly employed coarse-grained models. On the other hand, we equilibrate systems at length scales and times so large that it would be unaffordable for current atomistic simulations. First, we developed efficient parallel distributed algorithms for Metropolis and Swendsen-Wang Monte Carlo simulations. We benchmarked accessible size systems of 260³ ∼ 10⁷ water molecules using parallel Metropolis and 128³ ∼ 10⁶ with Swendsen-Wang. Second, we calibrated the model parameters according to ab initio calculations and experimental results. We found that the model fits the experimental data in a wide range of temperatures T and pressures P around ambient conditions. Third, we transferred the model to deep supercooled conditions and compared the model's predictions to those obtained from atomistic models. We found that the FS model displays a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) at TC = (192 ± 6) K and PC = (176 ± 2) MPa, consistent with estimates from the most accepted atomistic models. Finally, we investigated applications of the bulk FS model to hydrate large biological systems. More specifically, we developed a simulation approach to estimate the contribution of the solvent to the free energy of hydrated systems previously calculated with implicit solvent models. We considered two cases of application. First, we studied the unfolding upon increasing hydrodynamic stress of the globular domains A1, A2, and A3 of the von Willebrand factor (vWf). Here, we identify four characteristic states of the system and estimate the free energy barriers that separate them as a function of the shear rate. Second, we considered the SOD1 protein sequestration into FUS biocondensates and the anti-sequestration action of the BSA crowder, mimicking the high cytoplasm concentration. BSA are globular proteins, while FUS are intrinsically disordered proteins. Our results show that the decrease of the SOD1 partitioning coefficient into FUS biocondensates when BSA is present is a consequence of the increase in water's entropy. In both the vWf and SOD1 examples, we show that the explicit calculation of water contribution to the free energy is essential to interpret the phenomena' physics correctly. Within this approach, we overcome the intrinsic limitation of implicit solvent models that, by construction, average over the solvent degrees of freedom., [spa] A lo largo de la presente tesis, extendemos a 3D el modelo coarse-grain Franzese-Stanley (FS) que, en su formulación original para monocapas líquidas confinadas (2D), reproduce de forma cualitativa las anomalías dinámicas y termodinámicas del agua. Aquí, lo validamos en 3D, demostrando que se ajusta en un amplio rango de presiones y temperaturas a los resultados experimentales, y lo aplicamos para calcular la contribución del agua a la energía libre de sistemas biológicos de gran extensión. El objetivo principal es demostrar que el modelo en 3D es aplicable a simulaciones de gran escala, calculando explícitamente las contribuciones del solvente. Para ello, el modelo debe reproducir las propiedades del agua a condiciones ambiente, y en otras condiciones relevantes para los procesos biológicos, y debe ser posible, mediante simulaciones, equilibrar sistemas de tamaño muy grande. Para reducir el coste de las simulaciones y aumentar el rango de tamaños accesibles, desarrollamos algoritmos Monte Carlo paralelizados. Con ello, logramos equilibrar sistemas del orden de 10⁷ moléculas. A continuación, calibramos los parámetros del modelo de manera que el modelo reproduzca cuantitativamente la ecuación de estado del agua experimental en una amplia región del diagrama de fases alrededor de las condiciones ambiente. En tercer lugar, estudiamos el comportamiento del modelo en la región sobreenfriada. Nuestros resultados muestran que el modelo reproduce una transición de fase líquido-líquido entre las fases líquido-de-alta-densidad y líquido-de-baja-densidad que termina en un punto crítico. Mediante un análisis de tamaño finito, encontramos que el punto crítico localizado en el modelo FS es consistente con las estimaciones de modelos atomísticos. A pesar que estas condiciones extremas sean menos relevantes para los procesos biológicos, la consistencia de los resultados de nuestro modelo con modelos atomísticos aceptados refuerza su validez. Finalmente, desarrollamos un método de simulación que permite calcular la contribución del agua a la energía libre de sistemas biológicos. El método toma la trayectoria del sistema (previamente calculada mediante un modelo de agua implícita) y mapea las configuraciones a su representación correspondiente en el modelo FS (agua explícita). Así, damos cuenta de la evolución de las configuraciones del agua a lo largo de la trayectoria del sistema. Mediante dos casos de aplicación, concluimos que es necesario incluir los grados de libertad del solvente para describir de forma adecuada la física del sistema y, en consecuencia, para calcular las barreras de energía libre que separan los estados característicos de los procesos examinados.
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- 2023
36. Aberrant phase separation and nucleolar dysfunction in rare genetic diseases
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Martin A. Mensah, Henri Niskanen, Alexandre P. Magalhaes, Shaon Basu, Martin Kircher, Henrike L. Sczakiel, Alisa M. V. Reiter, Jonas Elsner, Peter Meinecke, Saskia Biskup, Brian H. Y. Chung, Gregor Dombrowsky, Christel Eckmann-Scholz, Marc Phillip Hitz, Alexander Hoischen, Paul-Martin Holterhus, Wiebke Hülsemann, Kimia Kahrizi, Vera M. Kalscheuer, Anita Kan, Mandy Krumbiegel, Ingo Kurth, Jonas Leubner, Ann Carolin Longardt, Jörg D. Moritz, Hossein Najmabadi, Karolina Skipalova, Lot Snijders Blok, Andreas Tzschach, Eberhard Wiedersberg, Martin Zenker, Carla Garcia-Cabau, René Buschow, Xavier Salvatella, Matthew L. Kraushar, Stefan Mundlos, Almuth Caliebe, Malte Spielmann, Denise Horn, and Denes Hnisz
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All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,Multidisciplinary ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Genetics ,Proteins ,Proteïnes ,Genètica - Abstract
Thousands of genetic variants in protein-coding genes have been linked to disease. However, the functional impact of most variants is unknown as they occur within intrinsically disordered protein regions that have poorly defined functions1–3. Intrinsically disordered regions can mediate phase separation and the formation of biomolecular condensates, such as the nucleolus4,5. This suggests that mutations in disordered proteins may alter condensate properties and function6–8. Here we show that a subset of disease-associated variants in disordered regions alter phase separation, cause mispartitioning into the nucleolus and disrupt nucleolar function. We discover de novo frameshift variants in HMGB1 that cause brachyphalangy, polydactyly and tibial aplasia syndrome, a rare complex malformation syndrome. The frameshifts replace the intrinsically disordered acidic tail of HMGB1 with an arginine-rich basic tail. The mutant tail alters HMGB1 phase separation, enhances its partitioning into the nucleolus and causes nucleolar dysfunction. We built a catalogue of more than 200,000 variants in disordered carboxy-terminal tails and identified more than 600 frameshifts that create arginine-rich basic tails in transcription factors and other proteins. For 12 out of the 13 disease-associated variants tested, the mutation enhanced partitioning into the nucleolus, and several variants altered rRNA biogenesis. These data identify the cause of a rare complex syndrome and suggest that a large number of genetic variants may dysregulate nucleoli and other biomolecular condensates in humans.
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- 2023
37. A win-win situation – Increasing protein production and reducing synthetic N fertilizer use by integrating soybean into irrigated Mediterranean cropping systems
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Genís Simon-Miquel, Moritz Reckling, Jorge Lampurlanés, and Daniel Plaza-Bonilla
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Double cropping systems (DCS) ,Energy ,Protein ,Soil Science ,Energia ,Plant Science ,Diversification ,Single cropping systems (SCS) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Proteïnes - Abstract
Over the last decades, non-cereal crops have been displaced in European cropping systems leading to a significant dependency on imported soybean. Continuous maize cropping under Mediterranean irrigated conditions can lead to agronomic and environmental problems. The objective of this work was to assess diversified Mediterranean irrigated cropping systems to maximize protein production while reducing synthetic N fertilizer use. A field experiment was carried out from 2019 to 2021 in an irrigated area in NE Spain. Four cropping systems, (i) continuous maize (MM), (ii) soybean in a rotation one out of three years (MSrt), (iii) barley-maize double cropping system (BM), and (iv) barley-soybean double cropping system (BS) were assessed at the crop, pre-crop and cropping system level. Productivity in terms of grain, energy and protein yield was measured at the crop and calculated for the cropping system level. As well, synthetic N fertilizer use efficiency was calculated for each cropping system. At the pre-crop level, soybean introduction led to a 28% yield increase in the following cereal (maize or barley) mainly due to the residual N effect. At the cropping system level, soybean in rotation (MSrt) did not lead to a significant increase in total protein production compared to MM (from 895 to 947 kg ha−1 yr−1), but it mildly increased synthetic N fertilizer use efficiency. Protein production in the BS system (1778 kg protein ha−1 yr−1) was significantly higher than in all other cropping systems (990 kg protein ha−1 yr−1 on average). As well, BS was the cropping system with the highest synthetic N fertilizer use efficiency compared to the other cropping systems (251 and 88 kg grain kg synthetic N fertilizer−1). Our results demonstrate that introducing soybean as a double crop following barley is a successful strategy to reduce environmental impacts resulting from N fertilizer use and increase protein production, contributing to plant protein self-sufficiency and cropping systems diversification. This research was developed in the framework of the SusCrop-ERA-NET LegumeGap project, PCI2019-103597 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and co-funded by the European Union, and the ECO-TRACE Research project, TED2021-131895A-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union NextGenerationEU/ PRTR. Daniel Plaza-Bonilla is Ramón y Cajal fellow (RYC-2018–024536-I) co-funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Social Fund. Genís Simon-Miquel thanks Universitat de Lleida for the funding granted to do an international research stay at ZALF where this work was conceptualized. Moritz Reckling was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 420661662. The authors of this manuscript kindly thank Ramon Pujol Chambert and Ramon Pujol Figueras from Jolbertal SL for their goodwill to carry out this research in their fields and with their machinery and for providing precious feedback. This acknowledgement also extends to Ariadna Marquilles, Josep Maria Perera, Gerard Piñol, Pablo Redondo, Louise Blanc, Andreu Dago, and several bachelor students from Universitat de Lleida for their field, lab and technical support.
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- 2023
38. Chlorpyrifos oxon activates glutamate and lysine for protein cross-linking
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Diego Muñoz-Torrero, Lawrence M. Schopfer, Oksana Lockridge, National Institutes of Health (US), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
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Nucleic acids ,Malalties neurodegeneratives ,Àcids nucleics ,Proteins ,Neurodegenerative Diseases ,General Medicine ,Pèptids ,Toxicology ,Peptides ,Proteïnes - Abstract
Chronic low-dose exposure to organophosphorus (OP) toxicants is correlated with an increase in the risk of impaired cognition and neurodegenerative diseases. A mechanism to explain this relationship is needed. We suggest that the formation of organophosphate-induced high-molecular-weight protein aggregates that disrupt cell function may be the missing link. It has been demonstrated that such aggregation can be promoted by OP-labeled lysine. Alternatively, OP-labeled glutamate may be the initiator. To test this hypothesis, we treated MAP-rich tubulin Sus scrofa and human transglutaminase with chlorpyrifos oxon. Trypsin-digested proteins were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry followed by Protein Prospector searches to identify diethyl phosphate adducts and cross-linked peptides. We report the presence of diethyl phosphate adducts on the side chains of glutamate, lysine, and tyrosine, as well as cross-links between glutamate and lysine. Glutamate-lysine cross-linking could be initiated either by diethyl phosphate-activated glutamate or by diethyl phosphate-activated lysine to form stable isopeptide bonds between and within proteins. It was concluded that organophosphate-induced high-molecular-weight protein aggregates could promote brain dysfunction., This work was supported in part by the Fred & Pamela Buffet Cancer Center Support Grant [grant number P30CA036727] from the National Institutes of Health and by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacioń and Agencia Estatal de Investigacioń MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 [grant number PID2020-118127RB-I00].
- Published
- 2023
39. Étude de la composition minérale et des teneurs en protéines et en matières grasses de huit variétés de sésame (Sesamum indicum L.) introduites au Sénégal pour un criblage variétal
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Sene Birama, Sarr Fallou, Diouf Diegane, Kane Amadou, and Traore Djibril
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sésame ,teneur ,protéines ,matières grasses ,minéraux ,sélection variétale ,Oils, fats, and waxes ,TP670-699 - Abstract
Huit variétés de sésame (EF153, EF147, LC162, LC164, HB168, 32-15, 38-1-7 et Birkan) qui, selon le Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), sont les mieux appréciées sur le plan agro-morphologique, ont fait l’objet de cette étude. Les teneurs en protéines, en matières grasses et en éléments minéraux de chacune d’elles ont été déterminées. L’étude des éléments minéraux a porté sur le calcium, le phosphore, le magnésium, le fer et le zinc. Les résultats ont montré que, pour les huit variétés de sésame étudiées, les teneurs en protéines varient de 22,59 % à 29,37 % tandis que celles en matières grasses s’établissent dans une fourchette de 48,65 % à 52,45 %. L’étude montre aussi que toutes les variétés sont riches en éléments minéraux. Cependant, le calcium demeure l’élément le plus important dans toutes les variétés étudiées, suivi du phosphore, du magnésium, du fer et du zinc. Les meilleures teneurs minérales obtenues, pour tous les minéraux étudiés, sont avec la variété 38-1-7 : magnésium 455,04 mg/100 g ; phosphore 711,17 mg/100 g ; calcium 973,22 mg/100 g de ; fer 10,86 mg/100 g et le zinc 7,88 mg/100 g. L’étude statistique des teneurs en protéines, en matières grasses et en composition minérale des variétés a permis d’identifier trois variétés plus appréciées, mais aussi d’indiquer leurs domaines potentiels d’utilisation. Ainsi, les variétés LC162 et 38-1-7 pourraient être utilisées respectivement comme additifs en protéines et en éléments minéraux dans les aliments destinés aux enfants. Quant à la variété EF147, elle pourrait être recommandée pour la consommation d’huile.
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- 2018
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40. D'ON VINDRAN LES PROTEÏNES?
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Remesar Betlloch, Xavier, Palli Güell, Anna, and Serra Gironella, Joan
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Gestió de recursos naturals ,Abastament d'aliments ,Reducció de gasos d'efecte hivernacle ,Canvi climàtic ,Proteins ,Management of natural resources ,Food consumption ,Food supply ,Proteïnes ,Consum d'aliments ,Greenhouse gas mitigation ,Climatic change - Abstract
Els sistemes alimentaris comprenen tots els elements i totes les activitats relacionades amb la producció, processament, distribució, preparació i consum d'aliments, i també els resultats d'aquestes activitats, incloent-hi també les de tipus socioeconòmic i ambiental. Aquests sistemes estan in tegrats per diverses cadenes de valor i també inclouen activitats que no es tan basades en relacions de mercat, sinó en la cultura, els hàbits socials o l'educació. La principal funció dels sistemes alimentaris és contribuir a la nutrició i la seguretat alimentària de la població, però cada vegada es posa més en relleu el seu paper clau en relació amb la gestió de recursos naturals, la resiliència dels ecosistemes o la mitigació del canvi climàtic, així com en la creació de llocs de treball i la fixació de població al territori. En cap altre àmbit tots aquests elements convergeixen de forma tan explícita i directa.
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- 2022
41. Nucleic acid and small molecule recognition by Smad transcription factors and co-factors
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Bagiński, Błażej Mikołaj, Macías Hernández, María J., Pluta, Radoslaw, and Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Biologia
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ARN ,Crystallography ,Factors de transcripció ,Cristal·lografia ,Transcription factors ,RNA ,Proteins ,Càncer ,Proteïnes ,Cancer - Abstract
[eng] Tumour progression largely depends on the signalling networks that direct cell viability, growth and dissemination (metastasis). Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) are cytokines that induce a plethora of physiological functions in all vertebrates, by activating or repressing various signal transducers. One of these is the Smad family of transcription factor proteins, which play an essential role in early embryogenesis, development, cell immunity, homeostasis, tissue repair and many other essential processes during human life. Mutations in the TGF-β signalling components (including Smads) inactivate the cell’s tumour suppression functions, facilitating the survival of cancer cells. Upon activation by the receptor, Smads form active homo- and hetero- trimeric complexes to interact with DNA sequences (promoters, enhancers) proteins (other transcription factors, co-activators or co-repressors), and also with RNAs. Smad-RNA complexes were reported in the scientific and medical literature; however, this research was largely carried out on a cellular level and the exact details of these interactions remain poorly understood. I have been working on the characterization of Smad-RNA complex formation. I have also determined the structure of a C2 domain present in NEDD4-L, one of the ubiquitin ligases that degrade Smad proteins In a different line of research, which is aimed at defining new targets for drug screening, I determined the structure of (among others) the protein Deadhead, belonging to the lethal(3)malignant brain tumour signature genes and responsible for the development and sex determination in D. melanogaster and several structures of a p38α (MAPK14) kinase, bound to compounds that regulate its function in cells. This work will pave the way for the future optimisation of these compounds to improve their pharmacological properties.
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- 2022
42. BasC K154 role on cytosolic gate closing. The bacterial alanine-serine-cysteine transporter as a model
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Nicolàs i Aragó, Adrià, Palacín Prieto, Manuel, Fort i Baixeres, Joana, and Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació
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Proteïnes portadores ,Carrier proteins ,Molecular biology ,Proteins ,Amino acids ,Aminoàcids ,Malalties rares ,Proteïnes ,Biologia molecular ,Rare diseases - Abstract
[eng] L-type amino acid transporters play key roles in human physiology and are involved in several human pathologies such as primary inherited aminoacidurias (Feliubadaló et al., 1999; Torrents et al., 1999), autism spectrum disease (Tărlungeanu et al., 2016) and age-related hearing loss (Espino Guarch et al., 2018) among others. However, their complete and detailed transport mechanism is still unknown as the structures solved until now are most of them in the same conformational state, open-to-in, with an exception of LAT1 bound to inhibitors that showed for the first time an inward occluded conformation (Yan et al., 2021). To decipher LATs transport mechanism we have studied the bacterial LAT alanine- serine-cysteine exchanger BasC as a LAT model. With the objective to use BasC to translate from the already well described transport mechanism of the neurotransmitter sodium symporter (NSS) family, which shares the same APC fold from the APC superfamily, to the current LAT transport mechanism in study here. BasC has been already characterized (Bartoccioni et al., 2019) and 3D structurally solved in complex with the specific nanobody 74 (Errasti-Murugarren et al., 2019). Here, the 29 nanobodies have been characterised for the following parameters. Firstly, nanobodies have been characterised by their binding to sort them by affinity through Surface Plasmon Resonance. Then, by their inhibition profile to unveil their side of interaction through inhibition screenings of BasC transport activity. Also, by their recognised conformation compatibilities between them through the feasibility of tertiary complex between BasC and nanobody pairs. Finally, for their possible conformational effect on BasC through single-molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) measurements on TM1a on the cytoplasmic gate. In this regard, selected nanobodies could eventually force BasC to adopt these new conformations currently unavailable and solve them in complex through structural techniques such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM. Here we present two low-resolution structures of BasC-Nb71 and BasC-Nb53-58 complexes. Furthermore, the dynamics of this cytoplasmic gate were also studied under the effect of substrates (L- alanine and L-serine) and inhibitors (L-glutamine). It was detected an inward closing of the TM1a due to L-alanine and L-Serine but not due to the addition of L-glutamine, that did not provoke any closing effect by the cytosolic side. Even more, nanobodies became here a powerful tool to study the blocking effect of these substrate-induced effects. It was identified nanobody 71 as a strong blocker of it while nanobody 53 was not impeding this TM1a bend. These substrate-induced dynamic effects being blocked or not by nanobodies in combination with the two structures solved, sustains the designed smFRET approach, as the structure interactions between the nanobodies 71 and 53 towards BasC structurally explain the blocking effects of the TM1a dynamic results obtained by smFRET. Regarding the mechanism of transport of LATs, the seen substrate-induced closing effect of the cytoplasmic gate for the BasC WT variant has been studied on lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) related variant (K154A). This Lys residue is highly conserved among all hLATs, located in the TM5 in a homologue region of the key Na2 site for the NSS family of the APC superfamily. It has been speculated the role of this conserved Lys to be one of the key factors for the sidedness of LATs and mainly responsible for the occlusion and opening of the thick gate in the cytosol. Here we obtained the first experimental evidence of the molecular mechanism deficiency when there lacks this Lys as the LPI related variant was unable to close the cytosolic gate. Overall, we present a useful approach that can be used to study the transport mechanism of membrane proteins and the miss functions of disease related variants., [cat] Els transportadors d’L-aminoàcids (LATs) tenen un paper capital en la fisiologia humana i estan involucrats en diverses patologies com les aminoacidúries primàries heretades (Feliubadaló et al., 1999; Torrents et al., 1999), l’espectre autista (Tărlungeanu et al., 2016) o la pèrdua d’oïda relacionada amb l’edat (Espino Guarch et al., 2018). Així i tot, el seu mecanisme de transport complet i en detall encara resta desconegut, atès que la gran majoria d’estructures resoltes fins a l’actualitat es troben en el mateix estat obert al citosol, amb la única excepció de LAT1 unit a inhibidors resolt tancat pel citosol (Yan et al., 2021). Amb la finalitat de revelar el mecanisme de transport dels LATs ens proposem emprar com a model l’intercanviador obligat bacterià d’alanina-serina-cisteïna (BasC). Aquest intercanviador ja ha estat prèviament caracteritzat funcionalment (Bartoccioni et al., 2019) i la seva estructura es va resoldre en complex amb el nanocòs específic 74 (Errasti-Murugarren et al., 2019). Els 29 nanocossos han sigut caracteritzats pels seus paràmetres d’unió, el seu costat d’interacció amb BasC i l’efecte conformacional que efectuen sobre BasC per assajos de transferència d’energia de ressonància fluorescent per molècules individuals (smFRET) sobre el TM1a de la porta citosòlica de BasC. Els estudis de smFRET ens han permès estudiar la dinàmica de tancament de la porta citosòlica induïda per l’adició de substrats, L-Ala i L-Ser. A més, s’ha comprovat que els nanocossos poden esdevenir una eina molt útil a l’hora de bloquejar certs moviments de la proteïna i, eventualment, bloquejar el transportador en un estat conformacional diferent del ja resolt, seleccionant els nanocossos prometedors per resoldre l’estructura de BasC en complex amb ells per tècniques estructurals com la cristal·lografia de raigs X o la crio-microscopia electrònica. Finalment, aquests efectes de tancament de la porta citosòlica induïts pels substrats van ser assajats sobre la variant relacionada amb la malaltia d’intolerància lisinúrica proteica de BasC (K154A). Aquesta variant ha resultat ser incapaç de tancar la porta citosòlica, esdevenint la primera evidència experimental sobre el rol clau d’aquest residu, K154, en el mecanisme de transport dels LATs, més concretament el tancament de la porta citosòlica. Al cap i a la fi, aquest projecte pretén presentar i posar a punt una tècnica que pot ser d’alta utilitat per estudiar el mecanisme de transport de proteïnes de membranes, així com els funcionament aberrants de les variants relacionades amb les malalties.
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- 2022
43. The Modular architecture of metallothioneins facilitates domain rearrangements and contributes to their evolvability in metal-accumulating mollusks
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Sara Calatayud, Mario Garcia-Risco, Veronika Pedrini-Martha, Michael Niederwanger, Reinhard Dallinger, Òscar Palacios, Mercè Capdevila, and Ricard Albalat
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Molecular biology ,Organic Chemistry ,Proteins ,General Medicine ,protein modularity ,domain repeat proteins ,de novo domains ,sORFs and lncRNAs ,Cephalopoda and Caudofoveata MTs ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Cefalòpodes ,Cephalopoda ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Proteïnes ,Spectroscopy ,Biologia molecular - Abstract
Protein domains are independent structural and functional modules that can rearrange to create new proteins. While the evolution of multidomain proteins through the shuffling of different preexisting domains has been well documented, the evolution of domain repeat proteins and the origin of new domains are less understood. Metallothioneins (MTs) provide a good case study considering that they consist of metal-binding domain repeats, some of them with a likely de novo origin. In mollusks, for instance, most MTs are bidomain proteins that arose by lineage-specific rearrangements between six putative domains: α, β1, β2, β3, γ and δ. Some domains have been characterized in bivalves and gastropods, but nothing is known about the MTs and their domains of other Mollusca classes. To fill this gap, we investigated the metal-binding features of NpoMT1 of Nautilus pompilius (Cephalopoda class) and FcaMT1 of Falcidens caudatus (Caudofoveata class). Interestingly, whereas NpoMT1 consists of α and β1 domains and has a prototypical Cd2+ preference, FcaMT1 has a singular preference for Zn2+ ions and a distinct domain composition, including a new Caudofoveata-specific δ domain. Overall, our results suggest that the modular architecture of MTs has contributed to MT evolution during mollusk diversification, and exemplify how modularity increases MT evolvability.
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- 2022
44. Disseny d'una barra energètica amb alt contingut proteic: proposta de formulació
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Hagenaers Cos, Lluís, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, and Achaerandio Puente, María Isabel
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Functional foods ,Barra energètica ,Athletes -- Nutrition ,Aliment funcional ,Esportistes -- Alimentació -- Catalunya ,Garrofa ,Emulsions ,Enginyeria agroalimentària [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Proteïnes ,Aliments funcionals -- Catalunya ,Nutrició esportiva - Abstract
Amb l'objectiu de dissenyar un aliment que pugui ser utilitzat com a suplementació esportiva per a practicants d'exercici físic intens, que aporti energia, que suposi una font alta de proteïnes (>20%), i que es pugui consumir i transportar fàcilment. S'ha realitzat una investigació dels productes d'aquest tipus ja existents al mercat, estudiant-ne les característiques nutricionals i mancances, on s'ha determinat que no compleixen amb un percentatge de proteïnes adequat. A continuació, s'ha realitzat un càlcul per determinar la qualitat de les proteïnes de certs ingredients que es troben de manera habitual a les barres així com alguns de nous mitjançant diferents mètodes. Pel disseny de les fórmules s'ha dut a terme una selecció i valoració dels ingredients a fer servir, per tal d'assolir els requisits nutricionals i fisicoquímics desitjats en les barretes. S'han dissenyat cinc fórmules variant les proporcions d'alguns ingredients i afegint-ne de nous per tal d'arribar al 20% de proteïnes. S'ha fet una anàlisi nutricional, de la qualitat proteica i econòmic i per finalitzar s'ha comparat les formulacions amb una seleccionada de les barres comercials. S'ha seleccionat la barreta F5 que aporta 387,75 kcal/100 g i 24,19 g/100 g, d'energia i proteïnes, respectivament, l'índex d'aminoàcids de la qual és d'1,37 i té un cost de 14,82 €/kg, donant com a resultat una millora important en alguns aspectes respecte de la barra comercial. With the aim of designing a food that can be used as a sport supplement for practitioners of intense physical exercise, which provides energy, which means a high source of proteins (>20%), and which can be easily consumed and transported. Research has been carried out into products of this type already in existence on the market, studying their nutritional characteristics and deficiencies, where it has been determined that they do not meet an appropriate percentage of proteins. Below, a calculation has been made to determine the quality of proteins of certain ingredients commonly found in bars as well as some new ones using different methods. For the design of formulas, a selection and evaluation of the ingredients to be used has been carried out, in order to meet the desired nutritional and physicochemical requirements in the bars. Five formulas have been designed by varying the ratios of some ingredients and adding new ones to reach 20% proteins. Nutritional, econòmic and protein quality analysis has been done and formulations have been compared to a selected one of the commercial bars. The F5 bar has been selected, providing 387.75 kcal/100 g and 24.19 g/100 g, of energy and proteins respectively, whose amino acid index is 1.37 and has a cost of 14.82 €/kg, resulting in a major improvement in some aspects of the commercial bar. Con el objetivo de diseñar un alimento que pueda ser utilizado como suplementación deportiva para practicantes de ejercicio físico intenso, que aporte energía, que suponga una fuente alta de proteínas (>20%), y que se pueda consumir y transportar fácilmente. Se ha realizado una investigación de los productos de este tipo ya existentes al mercado, estudiando las características nutricionales y carencias, donde se ha determinado que no cumplen con un porcentaje de proteínas adecuado. A continuación, se ha realizado un cálculo para determinar la calidad de las proteínas de ciertos ingredientes que se encuentran de manera habitual en las barras, así como algunos de nuevos, mediante diferentes métodos. Para el diseño de las fórmulas se ha llevado a cabo una selección y valoración de los ingredientes a usar, para lograr los requisitos nutricionales y fisicoquímicos deseados en las barritas. Se han diseñado cinco fórmulas variando las proporciones de algunos ingredientes y añadiendo otros para llegar al 20% de proteínas. Se ha hecho un análisis nutricional, de la calidad proteica y económico, y para finalizar se ha comparado las formulaciones con una seleccionada de entre las barras comerciales. Se ha seleccionado la barrita F5 que aporta 387,75 kcal/100 g y 24,19 g/100 g de energía y proteínas, respectivamente, el índice de aminoácidos de la cual es de 1,37 y tiene un coste de 14,82€ /kg, dando como resultado una mejora importante en algunos aspectos respecto de la barra comercial. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar
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- 2022
45. Insights into the sperm chromatin and implications for male infertility from a protein perspective
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Alberto de la Iglesia, Meritxell Jodar, Rafael Oliva, and Judit Castillo
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Cromatina ,Espermatozoides ,Esterilitat masculina ,Male sterility ,Proteins ,Epigenetics ,Epigenètica ,Proteïnes ,Spermatozoa ,Chromatin - Abstract
Male germ cells undergo an extreme but fascinating process of chromatin remodeling that begins in the testis during the last phase of spermatogenesis and continues through epididymal sperm maturation. Most of the histones are replaced by small proteins named protamines, whose high basicity leads to a tight genomic compaction. This process is epigenetically regulated at many levels, not only by posttranslational modifications, but also by readers, writers, and erasers, in a context of a highly coordinated postmeiotic gene expression program. Protamines are key proteins for acquiring this highly specialized chromatin conformation, needed for sperm functionality. Interestingly, and contrary to what could be inferred from its very specific DNA-packaging function across protamine-containing species, human sperm chromatin contains a wide spectrum of protamine proteoforms, including truncated and posttranslationally modified proteoforms. The generation of protamine knock-out models revealed not only chromatin compaction defects, but also collateral sperm alterations contributing to infertile phenotypes, evidencing the importance of sperm chromatin protamination toward the generation of a new individual. The unique features of sperm chromatin have motivated its study, applying from conventional to the most ground-breaking techniques to disentangle its peculiarities and the cellular mechanisms governing its successful conferment, especially relevant from the protein point of view due to the important epigenetic role of sperm nuclear proteins. Gathering and contextualizing the most striking discoveries will provide a global understanding of the importance and complexity of achieving a proper chromatin compaction and exploring its implications on postfertilization events and beyond. This article is categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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- 2022
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46. Improving seed oil and protein content in Brassicaceae: some new genetic insights from Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Jasinski, Sophie, Chardon, Fabien, Nesi, Nathalie, Lécureuil, Alain, and Guerche, Philippe
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ARABIDOPSIS thaliana genetics , *BRASSICACEAE , *PLANT genetics , *BIOACCUMULATION in plants , *SEED proteins - Abstract
Western Europe oleoproteaginous species like rapeseed mainly accumulate oil and protein in their seeds. To become competitive with soybean, seed protein quantity and quality should be improved in rapeseed. The negative correlation existing between seed protein and oil content apparently prevents the possibility to increase protein content without affecting oil content. Exploration of natural and induced genetic variability in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana allows the identification of several genotypes impaired in this negative correlation. Different genetic approaches have been undertaken in order to isolate genetic factors responsible for the tight control of seed oil and protein homeostasis and this negative correlation. Once isolated in this model plant, such genetic determinants will be identified in important crops such as rapeseed or other oilseed crops in order to manipulate both components independently and thus produce on purposed seeds. In the long term, this research will help breed new varieties that could contribute to reduce Europe's dependence on US soybean import. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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47. Dry pea (Visum sativum L.) protein, starch, and ash concentrations as affected by cultivar and environment.
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Mohammed, Yesuf Assen, Chengci Chen, Walia, Maninder Kaur, Torrion, Jessica A., McVay, Kent, Lamb, Peggy, Miller, Perry, Eckhoff, Joyce, Miller, John, and Khan, Qasim
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PEA proteins ,CULTIVARS ,STARCH ,PLANT growth ,WHEAT farming - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
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48. Detection of QTL underlying seed quality components in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.].
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Akond, Masum, Jiazheng Yuan, Shiming Lin, Kantartzi, Stella K., Melcsem, Khalid, Bellaloui, Nacer, Lightfoot, David A., and Kassem, Abdelmajid
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SOYBEAN ,SEED quality ,PLANT proteins ,SOYBEAN farming ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms ,CHROMOSOMES - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Science is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Les protéines purifiées à partir de sardines améliorent les chiffres tensionnels, l’équilibre glycémique, les voies métaboliques anti-athérogènes et la capacité anti-oxydante, chez le rat obèse.
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Affane, F., Bensalah, F., Harrat, N.I., Chekkal, H., Louala, S., and Lamri-Senhadji, M.Y.
- Abstract
Résumé But de l’étude Les effets des protéines extraites des co-produits (PCo-S) et du filet (PF-S) de la sardine sont évalués sur la pression artérielle, l’équilibre glycémique, le transport inverse du cholestérol, la peroxydation lipidique et la capacité antioxydante, chez le rat obèse. Ces effets sont comparés à ceux de la caséine (Cas). Matériel et méthodes Dix-huit rats mâles sont soumis pendant trois mois à un régime hyperlipidique Les rats rendus obèses sont ensuite répartis en trois groupes et consomment chacun pendant 28 jours, le même régime hyperlipidique auquel on ajoute 20 % de PCo-S, de PF-S ou de Cas. Résultats Les PCo-S et PF-S réduisent les pressions diastolique (−14 %, −11 % p < 0,05) et systolique (−12 %, −8 % p < 0,05), la glycémie (−24 %, −21 % p < 0,05), l’hémoglobine glyquée (−28 %, −21 % p < 0,05), l’insulinémie (−29 %, −18 % p < 0,05) et l’indice HOMA-IR (−29 %, −18 % p < 0,05). Elles améliorent le transport inverse du cholestérol en augmentant l’activité de la lécithine : cholestérol acyltransférase (LCAT) (+43 %, +30 %, p < 0,05) et les esters de cholestérol des lipoprotéines de haute densité (+108 %, +88 %, p < 0,05), et réduisent les rapports d’athérogénicités et la fluidité membranaire ( p < 0,05). De plus, les PCo-S et PF-S induisent une réduction des concentrations des substances réactives à l’acide thiobarbiturique dans le cœur (−45 %, −25 % p < 0,05), aorte (−62 %, −41 % p < 0,05), foie (−40 %, −21 % p < 0,05) et tissu adipeux (−50 %, −37 % p < 0,05) et augmentent la capacité antioxydante. Conclusion Les protéines de la sardine, en particulier celles extraites des co-produits en raison de leurs propriétés hypotensive, hypoglycémiante, anti-athérogène et antioxydante, pourraient avoir des effets protecteurs contre le risque cardiovasculaire associé à l’obésité. Aim of the study The effects of sardine by-products (SBy-P) and fillet proteins (SF-P) were compared to casein (Cas) ; these effects were assessed on blood pressure, glycemic control, reverse cholesterol transport, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity in obese rats. Materials and methods Eighteen male Wistar rats were subjected for three months, to a high-fat diet. The obese rats were divided into three groups and consumed the same high-fat diet for 28 days after addition of either, 20% SBy-P, SF-P or Cas. Results The sardine proteins (SBy-P and SF-P) compared respectively to Cas, reduced diastolic (−14%, −11% P < 0.05) and systolic pressures (−12%, −8% P < 0.05), blood glucose (−24%, −21% P < 0.05), glycated hemoglobin (−28%, −21% P < 0.05), insulinemia (−29%, −18% P < 0.05) and HOMA-IR index (−29%, −18% P < 0.05). They improve the reverse cholesterol transport by increasing the lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity (+43%, +30% P < 0.05) and high-density lipoproteins in cholesterol esters (+108%, +88% P < 0.05), and decreasing the atherogenicity ratios and membrane fluidity ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, SBy-P and SF-P induced a reduction of reactive thiobarbituric acid substances concentrations in heart (−45%, −25% P < 0.05), aorta (−62%, −41% P < 0.05), liver (−40%, −21% P < 0.05) and adipose tissue (−50%, −37% P < 0.05) with an improvement in antioxidant capacity. Conclusion Sardine proteins, in particular those extracted from by-products, because of their hypotensive, hypoglycemic, anti-atherogenic and antioxidant properties, may have protective effects against the cardiovascular risk associated with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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50. Prise en charge diététique du sujet obèse à l’hôpital : quels régimes ?
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Guex, Esther, Kouadio, Anne, Fierz, Yvonne, and Coti Bertrand, Pauline
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Résumé Le patient obèse à l’hôpital ne reçoit pas toujours des apports alimentaires lui permettant de couvrir ses besoins nutritionnels. La prise en charge nutritionnelle a pour objectif principal le maintien de la masse maigre car la perte de celle-ci peut être plus rapide chez le sujet obèse que chez le sujet de poids normal. Elle doit également être adaptée à la pathologie ayant motivé l’hospitalisation, notamment en fonction de la présence ou non d’une agression métabolique (chirurgie digestive, affections aiguës, réanimation). Dans tous les cas, l’apport protéique est important à considérer. Comme première intervention, l’adaptation de l’alimentation par l’enrichissement, le fractionnement et la prise de compléments nutritionnels oraux (CNO) a tout son sens. En cas d’obésité massive, une approche multidisciplinaire systématique impliquant une équipe spécialisée dans l’obésité est indispensable pour assurer une prise en charge nutritionnelle adaptée. At hospital, nutritional intakes of obese patients are often not covering their nutritional needs. The aim of nutrition support is to maintain the lean body mass, since lean body mass loss may be faster in obese than in non-obese patients. Nutrition support must be adapted to the disease, and particularly to the presence or not of metabolic stress (GI surgery, acute diseases, critical illness…). In all cases, protein intakes are important to consider. As a primary nutrition therapy, food adaptation with frequent and enriched meals, and oral nutritional supplements (ONS), are indicated. In case of morbid obesity, a multidisciplinary systematic approach involving a specialized team in obesity management is pivotal to ensure adequate nutritional care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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